CN111059540A - Household garbage incineration power generation process - Google Patents
Household garbage incineration power generation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111059540A CN111059540A CN201911343635.0A CN201911343635A CN111059540A CN 111059540 A CN111059540 A CN 111059540A CN 201911343635 A CN201911343635 A CN 201911343635A CN 111059540 A CN111059540 A CN 111059540A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- garbage
- incineration
- incinerator
- power generation
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a household garbage incineration power generation process, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sorting garbage raw materials, removing inorganic impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then intensively storing and fermenting; step 2, removing leachate generated by fermentation from the fermented garbage raw materials, transferring the garbage raw materials to a preheating area, heating, drying, crushing and stirring; step 3, feeding the garbage raw materials treated in the step 2 into an incinerator for incineration through an automatic conveying system, feeding high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration into a waste heat boiler to serve as a boiler heat source, and pushing a steam turbine to work; step 4, cooling the high-temperature flue gas through an air heat exchange pipeline arranged between the waste heat boiler and the flue gas purification system, and then introducing the high-temperature flue gas into the flue gas purification system, purifying and discharging the tail gas into the atmosphere; wherein the fermentation gas is used as a primary air source of the incinerator; the preheating area is heated by using the waste heat of the flue gas. Through the mode, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the garbage and the running stability of the power generation system can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection treatment, in particular to a household garbage incineration power generation process.
Background
Along with the process of urbanization in China, the problem of urban garbage is more and more fierce, at present, the accumulated total landfill of urban garbage in China occupies more than 5 hundred million square meters, the related economic loss exceeds 300 hundred million, the annual garbage yield in China also increases at a speed of 8-10%, and the phenomenon of 'garbage enclosing city' becomes more and more serious day by day. In order to solve the problem, the garbage is treated by adopting a landfill and incineration mode, the landfill can cause secondary pollution to the environment again, and the simple incineration wastes high-energy organic substances rich in urban domestic garbage, so that the comprehensive garbage treatment mode for garbage incineration power generation is widely popularized, but in the garbage incineration power generation process, the source of the domestic garbage is complex, the unit calorific value fluctuation is large, the hearth smoke temperature fluctuation is large, and the stability of the steam quantity in the waste heat boiler is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a household garbage incineration power generation process, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of household garbage and improve the stability of a power generation system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the household garbage incineration power generation process comprises the following steps:
step 1, sorting garbage raw materials, removing inorganic impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then intensively storing and fermenting;
step 2, removing leachate generated by fermentation from the fermented garbage raw materials, transferring the garbage raw materials to a preheating area, heating, drying, crushing and stirring;
step 3, feeding the garbage raw materials treated in the step 2 into an incinerator for incineration through an automatic conveying system, feeding high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration into a waste heat boiler to serve as a boiler heat source, and pushing a steam turbine to work;
step 4, cooling the high-temperature flue gas through an air heat exchange pipeline arranged between the waste heat boiler and the flue gas purification system, and then introducing the high-temperature flue gas into the flue gas purification system, purifying and discharging the tail gas into the atmosphere;
the storage fermentation in the step 1 is carried out in a closed place, and the odor generated in the fermentation process is extracted by a fan and is used as a primary air source of the incinerator;
the hot air outlet of the air heat exchange pipeline in the step 4 is arranged at the hot air inlet of the preheating area, the outlet of the preheating area is provided with an air extractor, and the air extractor is connected with a secondary air inlet pipeline of the incinerator;
the flue gas purification system in the step 4 comprises: a rotary spray absorption tower, activated carbon adsorption, dry deacidification and a bag-type dust remover.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the time for storing and fermenting the garbage in the step 1 is 5 to 7 days.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air heat exchange pipe is connected to the preheating area.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the hearth in the incineration process of the incinerator in the step 3 is controlled to be 850-900 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the incinerator is further provided with an auxiliary burner, and the starting condition of the auxiliary burner is that the temperature of a hearth outlet is lower than 850 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inlet air temperature of the flue gas purification system does not exceed 180 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a part of leachate generated in the step 2 is filtered and sprayed back to an incinerator for incineration, and a part of leachate is treated by an anaerobic UBF + MBR + NF + RO process and then is used as water for a plant area.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the leachate which is sprayed back to the incinerator for incineration is preheated before being sprayed back, the preheating temperature being 60 ℃ to 80 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical scheme of the invention is that the natural fermentation time of organic matters in garbage is prolonged, the content of combustible gas components in primary air is increased, simultaneously, the fermented garbage raw materials are dried by using the waste heat of flue gas, moisture is taken away, the inflammability and unit calorific value of the treated garbage are improved, and the used materials are stirred and mixed before combustion, so that the fluctuation of the unit calorific value is reduced, on one hand, the comprehensive utilization of the garbage raw materials is improved, and on the other hand, the operation stability of the whole power generation system is improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
the household garbage incineration power generation process comprises the following steps:
step 1, sorting garbage raw materials, removing inorganic impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then intensively storing and fermenting;
step 2, removing leachate generated by fermentation from the fermented garbage raw materials, transferring the fermented garbage raw materials to a preheating area, heating, drying, crushing and stirring, homogenizing the garbage raw materials, and reducing fluctuation of unit heat value;
step 3, feeding the garbage raw materials treated in the step 2 into an incinerator for incineration through an automatic conveying system, feeding high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration into a waste heat boiler to serve as a boiler heat source, and pushing a steam turbine to work;
step 4, cooling the high-temperature flue gas through an air heat exchange pipeline arranged between the waste heat boiler and the flue gas purification system, and then introducing the high-temperature flue gas into the flue gas purification system, purifying and discharging the tail gas into the atmosphere;
the storage fermentation in the step 1 is carried out in a closed place, and odor generated in the fermentation process is pumped out by a fan and is used as a primary air source of the incinerator, so that the combustion efficiency can be improved due to a large amount of methane gas generated in the fermentation process; in the step 4, a hot air outlet of the air heat exchange pipeline is arranged at a hot air inlet of the preheating area, an air extractor is arranged at an outlet of the preheating area, and the air extractor is connected with a secondary air inlet pipeline of the incinerator; the flue gas purification system in the step 4 comprises: the method comprises the steps of rotating a spray absorption tower, absorbing with activated carbon, performing dry deacidification and performing bag-type dust remover, is a mature flue gas purification method, can effectively remove harmful substances in flue gas, and achieves the aim of pollution-free emission.
The time for storing and fermenting the garbage in the step 1 is 5-7 days, so that organic substances in the garbage can be preliminarily decomposed, combustible gases such as methane and the like are separated out, most of water in the garbage is separated out through leachate, and the unit heat value is improved.
In the step 3, the temperature of a hearth in the incineration process of the incinerator is controlled to be 850-900 ℃, and the reason for controlling the temperature range is that the generation of NOx can be inhibited when the combustion temperature is kept between 850-900 ℃; and the flue gas can effectively decompose dioxin when staying for more than 2S in a temperature range of more than 850 ℃.
The incinerator is also provided with an auxiliary burner, and the starting condition of the auxiliary burner is that the temperature of a hearth outlet is lower than 850 ℃, so that the reduction of the incinerator temperature can be prevented.
The inlet air temperature of the flue gas purification system is not more than 180 ℃, and the phenomenon that the temperature of the inlet air entering the absorption tower is too high and the molecular activity is too large, so that the absorption effect of harmful substances is influenced is prevented.
The reason why the leachate generated in the step 2 is filtered and then partially sprayed back to an incinerator for incineration and partially treated by the anaerobic UBF + MBR + NF + RO flow is used as water for a plant area is that on one hand, the leachate is rich in ammonia nitrogen elements and is atomized and then sprayed into a hearth to partially replace urea to decompose NOx into water and nitrogen, but the total amount of the leachate is large, the residual leachate needs to pass through the anaerobic UBF + MBR + NF + RO flow, and the effluent treated by the flow can reach the direct discharge standard of GB16889 table III to the maximum extent and can be used as common industrial washing water or domestic water.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The household garbage incineration power generation process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sorting garbage raw materials, removing inorganic impurities such as metal, glass and the like, and then intensively storing and fermenting;
step 2, removing leachate generated by fermentation from the fermented garbage raw materials, transferring the garbage raw materials to a preheating area, heating, drying, crushing and stirring;
step 3, feeding the garbage raw materials treated in the step 2 into an incinerator for incineration through an automatic conveying system, feeding high-temperature flue gas generated by incineration into a waste heat boiler to serve as a boiler heat source, and pushing a steam turbine to work;
step 4, cooling the high-temperature flue gas through an air heat exchange pipeline arranged between the waste heat boiler and the flue gas purification system, and then introducing the high-temperature flue gas into the flue gas purification system, purifying and discharging the tail gas into the atmosphere;
the storage fermentation in the step 1 is carried out in a closed place, and the odor generated in the fermentation process is extracted by a fan and is used as a primary air source of the incinerator;
the hot air outlet of the air heat exchange pipeline in the step 4 is arranged at the hot air inlet of the preheating area, the outlet of the preheating area is provided with an air extractor, and the air extractor is connected with a secondary air inlet pipeline of the incinerator;
the flue gas purification system in the step 4 comprises: a rotary spray absorption tower, activated carbon adsorption, dry deacidification and a bag-type dust remover.
2. The household garbage incineration power generation process according to claim 1, wherein the time for garbage storage and fermentation in the step 1 is 5-7 days.
3. The household garbage incineration power generation process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hearth in the incineration process of the incinerator in the step 3 is controlled to be 850-900 ℃.
4. The process for generating electricity by incinerating domestic garbage according to claim 3, wherein an auxiliary burner is further provided on the incinerator, and the starting condition of the auxiliary burner is that the temperature of the hearth outlet is lower than 850 ℃.
5. The household garbage incineration power generation process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet air temperature of the flue gas purification system does not exceed 180 ℃.
6. The household garbage incineration power generation process according to claim 1, wherein a part of leachate generated in the step 2 is filtered and then sprayed back to an incinerator for incineration, and a part of leachate is treated by an anaerobic UBF + MBR + NF + RO process and then used as plant water.
7. The household garbage incineration power generation process according to claim 6, wherein the leachate sprayed back into the incinerator for incineration is preheated before being sprayed back, and the preheating temperature is 60-80 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911343635.0A CN111059540A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Household garbage incineration power generation process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911343635.0A CN111059540A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Household garbage incineration power generation process |
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| CN111059540A true CN111059540A (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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| CN201911343635.0A Pending CN111059540A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Household garbage incineration power generation process |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112628740A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 常熟浦发第二热电能源有限公司 | Wet garbage decrement incineration treatment process |
| CN112856427A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-28 | 常熟浦发第二热电能源有限公司 | Wet garbage fermentation gas pretreatment method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101468789A (en) * | 2008-08-03 | 2009-07-01 | 周开根 | Domestic garbage transformation technique, system and apparatus without conventional fuel for combustion supporting |
| CN101530856A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2009-09-16 | 大连理工大学 | Domestic waste incineration process based on mechanical biological joint pretreatment and system thereof |
| CN104048298A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-17 | 南京凯盛开能环保能源有限公司 | Method for disposing household refuse in cooperation with cement kiln with partial waste heat recovery function and system |
| CN106090933A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | The method and device of one way of life waste incineration and generating electricity |
-
2019
- 2019-12-24 CN CN201911343635.0A patent/CN111059540A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101468789A (en) * | 2008-08-03 | 2009-07-01 | 周开根 | Domestic garbage transformation technique, system and apparatus without conventional fuel for combustion supporting |
| CN101530856A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2009-09-16 | 大连理工大学 | Domestic waste incineration process based on mechanical biological joint pretreatment and system thereof |
| CN104048298A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-17 | 南京凯盛开能环保能源有限公司 | Method for disposing household refuse in cooperation with cement kiln with partial waste heat recovery function and system |
| CN106090933A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | The method and device of one way of life waste incineration and generating electricity |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112628740A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 常熟浦发第二热电能源有限公司 | Wet garbage decrement incineration treatment process |
| CN112856427A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-28 | 常熟浦发第二热电能源有限公司 | Wet garbage fermentation gas pretreatment method |
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Application publication date: 20200424 |