CN114811595A - Waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method - Google Patents

Waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114811595A
CN114811595A CN202210444945.7A CN202210444945A CN114811595A CN 114811595 A CN114811595 A CN 114811595A CN 202210444945 A CN202210444945 A CN 202210444945A CN 114811595 A CN114811595 A CN 114811595A
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flue gas
temperature
garbage
ammonia
adjusting
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Inventor
何炜煜
张志新
穆娜
李志勇
郭浩
王迎宾
聂光磊
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PowerChina Henan Engineering Co Ltd
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PowerChina Henan Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210444945.7A priority Critical patent/CN114811595A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/20—Dewatering by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling and debugging boiler emission of a waste incineration power station, which comprises the steps of igniting to enable the whole hearth to be uniformly heated to a temperature of over 850 ℃ from a cold state, avoiding a temperature interval in which dioxin is generated due to low-temperature combustion, enabling the retention time of smoke generated by waste incineration in a high-temperature area to be over 2 seconds, and thoroughly decomposing toxic gas dioxin; ammonia NH generated by heating urea solution by utilizing flue gas high temperature and pyrolysis furnace 3 Respectively react with NOx in the flue gas in different reaction zones under the condition of high temperature to generate nitrogen N 2 With water H 2 O; spraying a urea solution into a hearth through a spraying system, reacting a reducing agent with NOx at high temperature under the condition of no participation of a catalyst, and carrying out primary denitration; urea solutionThe ammonia gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace is reduced and reacts with NOx in the flue gas under the action of the catalyst, nitrogen oxide in the flue gas of the boiler is reduced into nitrogen gas and water, and the discharge amount of dioxin and NOx is effectively controlled, so that the flue gas of the waste incineration power station and the biomass power station is discharged efficiently up to the standard.

Description

Waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a process technology debugging method, in particular to a waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method, and belongs to the technical field of waste treatment.
Background art:
along with the continuous development of technologies of various links such as garbage recovery treatment, comprehensive transportation utilization and the like, the localization of garbage incineration processes and machine equipment is gradually improved, and the construction work of a domestic small and medium-sized garbage incinerator incineration power station with the purposes of volume reduction and pollution reduction in incineration treatment gradually enters a climax stage; the harmless treatment, the reduction and the resource treatment of the household garbage are important points, and especially the harmless treatment of atmospheric pollutants such as dioxin, NOx and the like generated by burning the household garbage is particularly worthy of attention.
The waste incineration can generate a large amount of acid gas and dioxin, which can seriously affect the living environment of people, wherein the dioxin pollutant has higher toxicity and is a primary carcinogen. The existing waste incineration flue gas purification system is mainly used for treating chlorides, sulfides and the like by reacting lime with the lime to generate solid salt substances so as to eliminate the chlorides, the sulfides and the like; the dioxin is treated by adopting activated carbon powder to adsorb the dioxin and remove the dioxin. The two are mixed and then enter a dust remover for dust removal, the flue gas after dust removal is heated and then enters an SCR reactor, and NOx in the flue gas is removed under the action of an SCR catalyst.
Because the activated carbon powder is sprayed into the flue gas containing a large amount of smoke dust through the pipeline, the mixing uniformity of the activated carbon powder and the flue gas can directly influence the adsorption rate of dioxin, and the adsorption performance of the activated carbon powder can be greatly reduced under the condition that a large amount of smoke dust exists. In order to improve the dioxin removal efficiency, a large amount of activated carbon powder is excessively sprayed, and the dioxin removal efficiency is not improved. The sprayed activated carbon powder and the smoke dust are removed by the dust remover, the activated carbon powder and the smoke dust are mixed and can not be reused, and the waste of valuable resources is realized. The adsorbed dioxin does not disappear, and secondary pollution can be caused due to improper treatment. In addition, a high-temperature heat source is needed for heating the flue gas containing NOX, the flue gas flow rate is high, the energy consumption is very high, the system operation cost is quite high, the popularization and the application are very difficult, the denitration utilization rate is low, and the emission reduction of the NOX is seriously influenced.
In recent years, along with the massive construction of waste incineration plants in China, the continuous improvement of environmental protection awareness and right-of-maintenance awareness of the public and the stricter gradual trend of national environmental management, the pollution problem of waste incineration smoke is increasingly concerned by the whole society, and the development of the waste incineration industry is influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method starts from an environmental mechanism of dioxin generation of the garbage incinerator, breaks the environment of dioxin generation, fundamentally inhibits a large amount of dioxin generation, and effectively solves the technical problem that the dioxin emission of a garbage power plant exceeds the standard.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the household garbage is transported into a garbage pool of a garbage incineration plant by a special vehicle, stacking and fermenting, removing the water of the garbage in summer for 3-5 days and in winter for 5-7 days, and improving the heat value;
B. starting an ignition combustion-supporting system by using a garbage power station, uniformly heating the whole hearth from a cold state to a temperature of over 850 ℃, feeding fermented garbage into a feeding hopper from a garbage grab, pushing the fermented garbage onto a grate of an incinerator by a feeding trolley, reasonably adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding trolley and material layer baffles, controlling the material layer thickness of each grate, pre-adjusting the material layer baffles to a horizontal position, and controlling the material layer thickness of the grate by the feeding speed of a pushing trolley;
C. the garbage sequentially stays for 2.5-3.0 hours on the fire grate through the drying section, the burning section and the burnout section according to the distribution ratio of 2:4:1, the position of an upper fire line of the fire grate is controlled, the phenomena that the temperature of a hearth is overhigh and the load fluctuation is large are prevented, the circulation frequency of the upper fire grate is controlled to be 15-20 times, and the position of the fire line is controlled in the lower half area of the upper fire grate through the circulation frequency of the upper fire grate;
D. adjusting primary air volume, controlling the oxygen content of flue gas at the outlet of the garbage incinerator to be between 3% and 6%, fully burning garbage, reducing the primary air volume when the load of a hearth is high, finely adjusting the load of the hearth through the primary air volume to fully burn the garbage in the incinerator, controlling the cycle number of a lower grate to be 10-12, ensuring that the garbage on the grate is completely burned, and controlling the thermal ignition loss rate of the burned slag to be within 5%; the thickness of the discharging layer of the lower furnace cannot be piled, so that raw materials are prevented from being discharged to the slag remover;
E. secondary air enters through nozzles of front and rear arches of the hearth, so that the retention time of flue gas generated by burning garbage in a combustion chamber is kept at 850-1100 ℃ for more than 2 seconds, and toxic gas dioxin is thoroughly decomposed; the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion carries out heat exchange through the heating surface of the waste heat boiler, so that the flue gas is discharged out of the boiler and enters a flue gas purification treatment system after the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced to 195-210 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas in the temperature range of 250-500 ℃ is reduced, and the generation of a large amount of dioxin is controlled;
F. in the flue gas purification treatment system, the temperature of flue gas at an inlet of a dust collector is controlled to be lower than 200 ℃, and a spraying device containing reactive agents such as activated carbon, dry lime powder and the like is arranged on a flue entering a bag type dust collector to further adsorb dioxin; the constant-time and quantitative feeding is carried out, and the discharge parameters are prevented from exceeding the standard; dioxin adsorbed or generated on the fly ash is collected and chelated by a fly ash ton bag and then is sent to a safe landfill for harmless treatment as a toxic and harmful substance, so that the emission of the dioxin in the fly ash is reduced;
G. after the boiler normally operates, checking and confirming that the temperature of the inlet flue gas of the SNCR injection system is between 850 and 1050 ℃, and starting the SNCR injection system after continuously keeping the temperature; in the temperature range, the urea solution is sprayed into the incinerator through the urea sprayer, so that the urea solution can effectively perform reduction reaction with NOX, and the denitration efficiency is improved; when the reaction temperature is too high, the NOx reduction rate is reduced due to decomposition of ammonia, and on the other hand, when the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction speed of ammonia and NOx is reduced, ammonia escape is increased, and the NOx reduction rate is also reduced;
H. the denitration efficiency of a reaction zone of the SNCR injection system is increased along with the increase of the injection amount at the early stage of urea solution injection, but is not in a linear relation, when the amount ratio of ammonia nitrogen substances is more than 1.15, the increase is slowed down, the ammonia escape amount and the increased urea solution amount are also in a nonlinear relation, the standard deviation of the flue gas velocity of a catalyst inlet interface is less than 10%, the deviation of a concentration field is less than 5%, and the amount ratio of the ammonia nitrogen substances is controlled to be less than 1.5 under the condition that the total denitration efficiency is 70%;
I. the SCR denitration system adopts a low-temperature catalyst, the working temperature of the catalyst is 180 +/-2 ℃, and SO in flue gas at the inlet of the SCR denitration system is reduced 2 Concentration and dust concentration, and can prevent alkali metal and SO from deacidified and dedusted flue gas 2 Resulting in catalyst poisoning and reduced catalyst performance.
In step "G", the method of operation of the SNCR injection system is as follows:
opening a manual compressed air main door for boiler denitration, adjusting the opening degree of a compressed air valve, maintaining the pressure of a compressed air main pipe to be more than 0.55MPa, and adjusting the opening degree of a compressed air valve of each spray gun to enable the compressed air pressure of each spray gun to be about 0.6 MPa;
secondly, opening a manual door of the dilution water supply static mixer, exhausting the dilution water pump, and starting the dilution water pump to spray the dilution water into the boiler from the spray gun;
when the urea solution is introduced, opening a manual main door of a dilution solution supply boiler, opening a urea solution delivery pump and an inlet door, and opening an air discharge door of a pump body to discharge clean air;
starting the urea solution delivery pump, adjusting the variable-frequency opening degree to gradually increase the rotating speed, gradually increasing an adjusting valve of the delivery pump after the pump is started, adjusting the opening degree of the adjusting valve according to a flowmeter, and starting normal operation after the urea solution is mixed with the condensed water for dilution;
fifthly, adjusting the proportion of the flow of the condensate for dilution to the flow of the urea solution to enable the concentration of the diluted urea solution to be about 10%, and after the concentration of the urea solution is stable, adjusting the opening of a urea diluted solution adjusting valve in the spraying area to achieve the purpose that the concentration of NOx is up to the standard.
In step "I", the operating method of the SCR denitration system is as follows:
after a low-temperature catalyst in an SCR denitration system reaches an operating temperature, spraying a urea solution into a pyrolysis chamber through a conveying device and a metering and distributing device to generate NH 3 Adding NH to 3 Supplying the ammonia gas to the front of the manual ammonia spraying flow door;
checking that the temperature of the flue gas is kept between 850 ℃ and 1050 ℃ for more than 10 minutes, enabling a NOx analyzer, an ammonia gas analyzer and an oxygen analyzer at the outlet of the reactor to work normally and display accurately, manually opening an ammonia gas flow manual door, and adjusting an ammonia gas flow adjusting door;
according to the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and the concentration of ammonia gas, gradually opening the opening of the manual ammonia spraying door; and after the denitration efficiency reaches the design value, stopping continuously increasing the ammonia injection flow, and putting the ammonia flow regulating valve into an automatic state.
According to the invention, by adopting the SNCR + SCR combined denitration process and the 3T + E debugging test method, the temperature of the hearth is increased, the retention time in a high-temperature area is increased, the mixing strength and the excess air coefficient in the hearth are increased, so that garbage is fully combusted, the toxic gas dioxin is thoroughly decomposed, and the treatment and debugging technology for zero emission of garbage leachate can be effectively improved. Meanwhile, starting from an environmental mechanism of the dioxin control process from the generation of the dioxin in the garbage incinerator, a 3T + E process emission control debugging method is adopted, the generation environment of the dioxin is damaged, the generation of a large amount of the dioxin is fundamentally inhibited, and the problem that the dioxin discharged by the flue gas of the garbage power plant exceeds the standard is effectively solved. The denitration system adopts a combined denitration process of SNCR and SCR, combines the common characteristics of SNCR and SCR high efficiency to improve the denitration efficiency, reduces the dependence on a catalyst, is favorable for step-by-step implementation of standard emission, and more accurately and effectively controls NOx indexes in the flue gas emission of the garbage power station.
In the invention, the control and treatment of the dioxin adopt a principle of '3T + E', wherein the temperature, the retention time, the turbulence and the excess air amount are used for increasing the temperature of a hearth to above 850 ℃ so as to avoid a temperature interval caused by the generation of the dioxin due to low-temperature combustion; addingThe secondary air is added for disturbance, so that the residence time of the flue gas generated by waste incineration in a high-temperature area exceeds 2 seconds, the flue gas and combustion-supporting air are fully mixed, the full combustion of the waste combustion exhaust gas is guaranteed, and the toxic gas dioxin is thoroughly decomposed. Starting from the generation environment of the dioxin, the generation environment is damaged in the process principle so as to inhibit the large-scale generation of the dioxin, and the large-scale generation and emission of the dioxin in the garbage power station are effectively controlled. The SNCR + SCR control technology adopts urea solution as a denitration reducing agent, utilizes the high temperature of flue gas and a pyrolysis furnace to ensure that ammonia NH3 generated by heating the urea solution respectively reacts with NOx in the flue gas in different reaction zones under the high temperature condition to generate nitrogen N 2 With water H 2 And O. The SNCR sprays urea solution into a first reaction zone (hearth) through a spraying system arranged on the hearth wall, a reducing agent and NOx react at high temperature without participation of a catalyst, primary denitration is carried out, and the concentration of NOx at an outlet of a waste heat boiler is reduced. The urea solution is reduced by ammonia gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace, selectively reacts with NOx in the flue gas under the action of the catalyst, nitrogen oxide in the flue gas of the boiler is reduced into nitrogen and water, and the discharge amount of dioxin and NOx is effectively controlled, so that the flue gas of the waste incineration power station and the biomass power station is efficiently discharged up to the standard.
The total of the incineration temperature, the degree of agitation and mixing, the gas residence time and the excess air ratio is referred to as "3T + E" as four control parameters for incineration (generally referred to as "3T + E"). 3T is English abbreviation of Temperature, Time and Turbulence, and specifically refers to high Temperature (850-1000 ℃) incineration, the residence Time of a secondary combustion chamber exceeds 2.0s, and the large Turbulence degree can prevent a large amount of dioxin from being generated. Specifically, 3T + E technology, E refers to Ex-cessoxygen (excess air volume).
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. the method starts from an environmental mechanism of the dioxin generation of the garbage incinerator by the dioxin control process and adopts the principle of '3T + E' to break the environment of the dioxin generation by debugging the technology of the emission control test of the power station garbage incinerator process, thereby fundamentally inhibiting the large amount of the dioxin generation and effectively solving the problem of the overproof dioxin emission from the flue gas of the garbage power plant.
2. The denitration system provided by the invention adopts a combined denitration process of SNCR and SCR, combines the common characteristics of SNCR investment saving and SCR high efficiency, improves the denitration efficiency, reduces the dependence on a catalyst, is beneficial to step-by-step implementation of standard emission, and more accurately and effectively controls the NOx index control in flue gas emission.
3. The invention adopts the SNCR + SCR combined denitration technology, can save the using amount of the catalyst, reduces certain device cost, occupied space, consumed time and manpower, and is very suitable for field use.
4. According to the invention, through the discharge control test technology of the garbage harmless treatment process, the living environment of residents is beautified, the living quality of the residents is improved, so that the chances of diseases are greatly reduced, the physical and mental health development of the residents is facilitated, and the pollution of the discharged gas and pollutants to the environment is minimized by using the purification device in the debugging technology operation process, so that the harmless and recycling development of the garbage is promoted.
5. The debugging method is suitable for a garbage incineration power station and a biomass power station with large dioxin and NOx emission such as small and medium-sized garbage incinerators and biomass incinerators, and the like, and the method for controlling the smoke emission to achieve the debugging.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples:
example (b): a waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the household garbage is transported into a garbage pool of a garbage incineration plant by a special vehicle, stacking and fermenting, removing the water of the garbage in summer for 3-5 days and in winter for 5-7 days, and improving the heat value;
B. starting an ignition combustion-supporting system by using a garbage power station, uniformly heating the whole hearth from a cold state to a temperature of over 850 ℃, feeding fermented garbage into a feeding hopper from a garbage grab, pushing the fermented garbage onto a grate of an incinerator by a feeding trolley, reasonably adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding trolley and material layer baffles, controlling the material layer thickness of each grate, pre-adjusting the material layer baffles to a horizontal position, and controlling the material layer thickness of the grate by the feeding speed of a pushing trolley;
C. the garbage sequentially stays for 2.5-3.0 hours on the fire grate through the drying section, the burning section and the burnout section according to the distribution ratio of 2:4:1, the position of an upper fire line of the fire grate is controlled, the phenomena that the temperature of a hearth is overhigh and the load fluctuation is large are prevented, the circulation frequency of the upper fire grate is controlled to be 15-20 times, and the position of the fire line is controlled in the lower half area of the upper fire grate through the circulation frequency of the upper fire grate;
D. adjusting primary air volume, controlling the oxygen content of flue gas at the outlet of the garbage incinerator to be between 3% and 6%, fully burning garbage, reducing the primary air volume when the load of a hearth is high, finely adjusting the load of the hearth through the primary air volume to fully burn the garbage in the incinerator, controlling the cycle number of a lower grate to be 10-12, ensuring that the garbage on the grate is completely burned, and controlling the thermal ignition loss rate of the burned slag to be within 5%; the thickness of the discharging layer of the lower furnace cannot be piled, so that raw materials are prevented from being discharged to the slag remover;
E. secondary air enters through nozzles of front and rear arches of the hearth, so that the retention time of flue gas generated by burning garbage in a combustion chamber is kept at 850-1100 ℃ for more than 2 seconds, and toxic gas dioxin is thoroughly decomposed; the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion carries out heat exchange through the heating surface of the waste heat boiler, so that the flue gas is discharged out of the boiler and enters a flue gas purification treatment system after the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced to 195-210 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas in the temperature range of 250-500 ℃ is reduced, and the generation of a large amount of dioxin is controlled;
F. in the flue gas purification treatment system, the temperature of flue gas at an inlet of a dust collector is controlled to be lower than 200 ℃, and a spraying device containing reactive agents such as activated carbon, dry lime powder and the like is arranged on a flue entering a bag type dust collector to further adsorb dioxin; the constant-time and quantitative feeding is carried out, and the discharge parameters are prevented from exceeding the standard; dioxin adsorbed or generated on the fly ash is collected and chelated by a fly ash ton bag and then is sent to a safe landfill for harmless treatment as a toxic and harmful substance, so that the emission of the dioxin in the fly ash is reduced;
G. after the boiler normally operates, checking and confirming that the temperature of the inlet flue gas of the SNCR injection system is between 850 and 1050 ℃, and starting the SNCR injection system after continuously keeping the temperature; in the temperature range, the urea solution is sprayed into the incinerator through the urea sprayer, so that the urea solution can effectively perform reduction reaction with NOX, and the denitration efficiency is improved; when the reaction temperature is too high, the NOx reduction rate is reduced due to decomposition of ammonia, and on the other hand, when the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction speed of ammonia and NOx is reduced, ammonia escape is increased, and the NOx reduction rate is also reduced;
H. the denitration efficiency of a reaction zone of the SNCR injection system is increased along with the increase of the injection amount at the early stage of urea solution injection, but is not in a linear relation, when the amount ratio of ammonia nitrogen substances is more than 1.15, the increase is slowed down, the ammonia escape amount and the increased urea solution amount are also in a nonlinear relation, the standard deviation of the flue gas velocity of a catalyst inlet interface is less than 10%, the deviation of a concentration field is less than 5%, and the amount ratio of the ammonia nitrogen substances is controlled to be less than 1.5 under the condition that the total denitration efficiency is 70%;
I. the SCR denitration system adopts a low-temperature catalyst, the working temperature of the catalyst is 180 +/-2 ℃, and SO in flue gas at the inlet of the SCR denitration system is reduced 2 Concentration and dust concentration, and can prevent alkali metal and SO from deacidified and dedusted flue gas 2 Resulting in catalyst poisoning and reduced catalyst performance.
In step "G", the method of operation of the SNCR injection system is as follows:
opening a manual compressed air main door for boiler denitration, adjusting the opening degree of a compressed air valve, maintaining the pressure of a compressed air main pipe to be more than 0.55MPa, and adjusting the opening degree of a compressed air valve of each spray gun to enable the compressed air pressure of each spray gun to be about 0.6 MPa;
secondly, opening a manual door of the dilution water supply static mixer, exhausting the dilution water pump, and starting the dilution water pump to spray the dilution water into the boiler from the spray gun;
when the urea solution is introduced, opening a manual main door of a dilution solution supply boiler, opening a urea solution delivery pump and an inlet door, and opening an air discharge door of a pump body to discharge clean air;
starting the urea solution delivery pump, adjusting the variable-frequency opening degree to gradually increase the rotating speed, gradually increasing an adjusting valve of the delivery pump after the pump is started, adjusting the opening degree of the adjusting valve according to a flowmeter, and starting normal operation after the urea solution is mixed with the condensed water for dilution;
fifthly, adjusting the proportion of the flow of the condensate for dilution to the flow of the urea solution to enable the concentration of the diluted urea solution to be about 10%, and after the concentration of the urea solution is stable, adjusting the opening of a urea diluted solution adjusting valve in the spraying area to achieve the purpose that the concentration of NOx is up to the standard.
In step "I", the operating method of the SCR denitration system is as follows:
after a low-temperature catalyst in an SCR denitration system reaches an operating temperature, spraying a urea solution into a pyrolysis chamber through a conveying device and a metering and distributing device to generate NH 3 Introduction of NH 3 Supplying the ammonia gas to the front of the manual ammonia spraying flow door;
checking that the temperature of the flue gas is kept between 850 ℃ and 1050 ℃ for more than 10 minutes, enabling a NOx analyzer, an ammonia gas analyzer and an oxygen analyzer at the outlet of the reactor to work normally and display accurately, manually opening an ammonia gas flow manual door, and adjusting an ammonia gas flow adjusting door;
according to the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and the concentration of ammonia gas, gradually opening the opening of the manual ammonia spraying door; and after the denitration efficiency reaches the design value, stopping continuously increasing the ammonia injection flow, and putting the ammonia flow regulating valve into an automatic state.
In the invention, by adopting the SNCR + SCR combined denitration process and the 3T + E debugging test method, the temperature of the hearth is increased, the retention time in a high-temperature area is increased, the mixing strength and the excess air coefficient in the hearth are increased, the garbage is fully combusted, the toxic gas dioxin is thoroughly decomposed, and the treatment and debugging technology for zero emission of the garbage leachate can be effectively improved. Meanwhile, starting from an environmental mechanism of the dioxin control process from the generation of the dioxin in the garbage incinerator, a 3T + E process emission control debugging method is adopted, the generation environment of the dioxin is damaged, the generation of a large amount of the dioxin is fundamentally inhibited, and the problem that the dioxin discharged by the flue gas of the garbage power plant exceeds the standard is effectively solved. The denitration system adopts a combined denitration process of SNCR and SCR, combines the common characteristics of SNCR and SCR high efficiency to improve the denitration efficiency, reduces the dependence on a catalyst, is favorable for step-by-step implementation of standard emission, and more accurately and effectively controls NOx indexes in the flue gas emission of the garbage power station.
The method starts from an environmental mechanism of the dioxin generation of the garbage incinerator by the dioxin control process and adopts the principle of '3T + E' to break the environment of the dioxin generation by debugging the technology of the emission control test of the power station garbage incinerator process, thereby fundamentally inhibiting the large amount of the dioxin generation and effectively solving the problem of the overproof dioxin emission from the flue gas of the garbage power plant.
The denitration system provided by the invention adopts a combined denitration process of SNCR and SCR, combines the common characteristics of SNCR investment saving and SCR high efficiency, improves the denitration efficiency, reduces the dependence on a catalyst, is beneficial to step-by-step implementation of standard emission, and more accurately and effectively controls the NOx index control in flue gas emission.
The invention adopts the SNCR + SCR combined denitration technology, can save the using amount of the catalyst, reduces certain device cost, occupied space, consumed time and manpower, and is very suitable for field use.
According to the invention, through the discharge control test technology of the garbage harmless treatment process, the living environment of residents is beautified, the living quality of the residents is improved, so that the chances of diseases are greatly reduced, the physical and mental health development of the residents is facilitated, and the pollution of the discharged gas and pollutants to the environment is minimized by using the purification device in the debugging technology operation process, so that the harmless and recycling development of the garbage is promoted.
The debugging method is suitable for a garbage incineration power station and a biomass power station with large dioxin and NOx emission such as small and medium-sized garbage incinerators and biomass incinerators, and the like, and the method for controlling the smoke emission to achieve the debugging.

Claims (3)

1. A waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. after the household garbage is transported into a garbage pool of a garbage incineration plant by a special vehicle, stacking and fermenting, removing the water of the garbage in summer for 3-5 days and in winter for 5-7 days, and improving the heat value;
B. starting an ignition combustion-supporting system by using a garbage power station, uniformly heating the whole hearth from a cold state to a temperature of over 850 ℃, feeding fermented garbage into a feeding hopper from a garbage grab, pushing the fermented garbage onto a grate of an incinerator by a feeding trolley, reasonably adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding trolley and material layer baffles, controlling the material layer thickness of each grate, pre-adjusting the material layer baffles to a horizontal position, and controlling the material layer thickness of the grate by the feeding speed of a pushing trolley;
C. the garbage sequentially stays for 2.5-3.0 hours on the fire grate through the drying section, the burning section and the burnout section according to the distribution ratio of 2:4:1, the position of an upper fire line of the fire grate is controlled, the phenomena that the temperature of a hearth is overhigh and the load fluctuation is large are prevented, the circulation frequency of the upper fire grate is controlled to be 15-20 times, and the position of the fire line is controlled in the lower half area of the upper fire grate through the circulation frequency of the upper fire grate;
D. adjusting primary air volume, controlling the oxygen content of flue gas at the outlet of the garbage incinerator to be between 3% and 6%, fully burning garbage, reducing the primary air volume when the load of a hearth is high, finely adjusting the load of the hearth through the primary air volume to fully burn the garbage in the incinerator, controlling the cycle number of a lower grate to be 10-12, ensuring that the garbage on the grate is completely burned, and controlling the thermal ignition loss rate of the burned slag to be within 5%; the thickness of the discharging layer of the lower furnace cannot be piled, so that raw materials are prevented from being discharged to the slag remover;
E. secondary air enters through nozzles of front and rear arches of the hearth, so that the retention time of flue gas generated by burning garbage in a combustion chamber is kept at 850-1100 ℃ for more than 2 seconds, and toxic gas dioxin is thoroughly decomposed; the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion carries out heat exchange through the heating surface of the waste heat boiler, so that the flue gas is discharged out of the boiler and enters a flue gas purification treatment system after the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced to 195-210 ℃, the retention time of the flue gas in the temperature range of 250-500 ℃ is reduced, and the generation of a large amount of dioxin is controlled;
F. in the flue gas purification treatment system, the temperature of flue gas at an inlet of a dust collector is controlled to be lower than 200 ℃, and a spraying device containing reactive agents such as activated carbon, dry lime powder and the like is arranged on a flue entering a bag type dust collector to further adsorb dioxin; the constant-time and quantitative feeding is carried out, and the discharge parameters are prevented from exceeding the standard; dioxin adsorbed or generated on the fly ash is collected and chelated by a fly ash ton bag and then is sent to a safe landfill for harmless treatment as a toxic and harmful substance, so that the emission of the dioxin in the fly ash is reduced;
G. after the boiler normally operates, checking and confirming that the temperature of the inlet flue gas of the SNCR injection system is between 850 and 1050 ℃, and starting the SNCR injection system after continuously keeping the temperature; in the temperature range, the urea solution is sprayed into the incinerator through the urea sprayer, so that the urea solution can effectively perform reduction reaction with NOX, and the denitration efficiency is improved; when the reaction temperature is too high, the NOx reduction rate is reduced due to decomposition of ammonia, and on the other hand, when the reaction temperature is too low, the reaction speed of ammonia and NOx is reduced, ammonia escape is increased, and the NOx reduction rate is also reduced;
H. the denitration efficiency of a reaction zone of the SNCR injection system is increased along with the increase of the injection amount at the early stage of urea solution injection, but is not in a linear relation, when the amount ratio of ammonia nitrogen substances is more than 1.15, the increase is slowed down, the ammonia escape amount and the increased urea solution amount are also in a nonlinear relation, the standard deviation of the flue gas velocity of a catalyst inlet interface is less than 10%, the deviation of a concentration field is less than 5%, and the amount ratio of the ammonia nitrogen substances is controlled to be less than 1.5 under the condition that the total denitration efficiency is 70%;
I. the SCR denitration system adopts a low-temperature catalyst, the working temperature of the catalyst is 180 +/-2 ℃, and SO in flue gas at the inlet of the SCR denitration system is reduced 2 Concentration and dust concentration, and can prevent alkali metal and SO from deacidified and dedusted flue gas 2 Resulting in catalyst poisoning and reduced catalyst performance.
2. The waste incineration power plant boiler emission control debugging method of claim 1, characterized in that: in step "G", the method of operation of the SNCR injection system is as follows:
opening a manual compressed air main door for boiler denitration, adjusting the opening degree of a compressed air valve, maintaining the pressure of a compressed air main pipe to be more than 0.55MPa, and adjusting the opening degree of a compressed air valve of each spray gun to enable the compressed air pressure of each spray gun to be about 0.6 MPa;
secondly, opening a manual door of the dilution water supply static mixer, exhausting the dilution water pump, and starting the dilution water pump to spray the dilution water into the boiler from the spray gun;
when the urea solution is introduced, opening a manual main door of a dilution solution supply boiler, opening a urea solution delivery pump and an inlet door, and opening an air discharge door of a pump body to discharge clean air;
starting the urea solution delivery pump, adjusting the variable-frequency opening degree to gradually increase the rotating speed, gradually increasing an adjusting valve of the delivery pump after the pump is started, adjusting the opening degree of the adjusting valve according to a flowmeter, and starting normal operation after the urea solution is mixed with the condensed water for dilution;
fifthly, adjusting the proportion of the flow of the condensate for dilution to the flow of the urea solution to enable the concentration of the diluted urea solution to be about 10%, and after the concentration of the urea solution is stable, adjusting the opening of a urea diluted solution adjusting valve in the spraying area to achieve the purpose that the concentration of NOx is up to the standard.
3. The waste incineration power plant boiler emission control debugging method of claim 1, characterized in that: in step "I", the operating method of the SCR denitration system is as follows:
after a low-temperature catalyst in an SCR denitration system reaches an operating temperature, spraying a urea solution into a pyrolysis chamber through a conveying device and a metering and distributing device to generate NH 3 Adding NH to 3 Supplying the ammonia gas to the front of the manual ammonia spraying flow door;
checking that the temperature of the flue gas is kept between 850 ℃ and 1050 ℃ for more than 10 minutes, enabling a NOx analyzer, an ammonia gas analyzer and an oxygen analyzer at the outlet of the reactor to work normally and display accurately, manually opening an ammonia gas flow manual door, and adjusting an ammonia gas flow adjusting door;
according to the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the SCR denitration system and the concentration of ammonia gas, gradually opening the opening of the ammonia injection manual valve; and after the denitration efficiency reaches the design value, stopping continuously increasing the ammonia injection flow, and putting the ammonia flow regulating valve into an automatic state.
CN202210444945.7A 2022-04-26 2022-04-26 Waste incineration power station boiler emission control debugging method Pending CN114811595A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116976162A (en) * 2023-06-16 2023-10-31 武汉光谷蓝焰新能源股份有限公司 Denitration design simulation method based on biomass boiler finite element analysis
CN117109012B (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-04-19 北京石油化工学院 Incinerator control method, device, equipment and storage medium

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116976162A (en) * 2023-06-16 2023-10-31 武汉光谷蓝焰新能源股份有限公司 Denitration design simulation method based on biomass boiler finite element analysis
CN116976162B (en) * 2023-06-16 2024-01-30 武汉光谷蓝焰新能源股份有限公司 Denitration design simulation method based on biomass boiler finite element analysis
CN117109012B (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-04-19 北京石油化工学院 Incinerator control method, device, equipment and storage medium

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