CN112829771A - Vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system - Google Patents
Vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112829771A CN112829771A CN201911153370.8A CN201911153370A CN112829771A CN 112829771 A CN112829771 A CN 112829771A CN 201911153370 A CN201911153370 A CN 201911153370A CN 112829771 A CN112829771 A CN 112829771A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61B13/00—Other railway systems
- B61B13/08—Sliding or levitation systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61B13/00—Other railway systems
- B61B13/10—Tunnel systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system, which combines a low-pressure vacuum pipeline with a fluid film suspension vehicle, wherein the fluid film suspension vehicle directly forms a pressure fluid film between a chassis and a rail surface by virtue of a fluid dynamic pressure effect to drive in a suspension manner in the vacuum pipeline. The invention reduces the gas pressure in the vacuum pipeline to reduce the density of gas in the pipeline, the viscosity of fluid in the fluid film and the boiling point of the fluid in the fluid film. The reduction of the gas density can reduce the pressure difference resistance in the driving process; the reduction of fluid viscosity in the fluid film may reduce viscous drag on the train chassis; the reduction of the boiling point of the fluid in the fluid film can promote the fluid film to automatically generate a phase change process under the action of pneumatic heating so as to increase the thickness of the fluid film, improve the load carrying capacity, reduce the viscosity of the fluid film and reduce the viscous resistance of the train chassis. The vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle can reduce the running resistance to the maximum extent and realize high-speed, efficient and stable suspension running of the train.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system, which combines a vacuum pipeline with low air pressure with a fluid film suspension vehicle, can obviously reduce the resistance in the running process, has better high-speed suspension stability, and ensures the high-speed, high-efficiency and stable suspension running of a train.
Background
It is always a dream pursued by human beings to suspend a vehicle above a track and realize high-speed and high-efficiency running. The maximum reduction of the train running resistance is a key technical problem which needs to be solved for realizing the dream.
The total resistance of a conventional train during running is mainly from mechanical friction resistance and air resistance, the mechanical friction resistance can be eliminated by using a levitation technology, however, the magnitude of the air resistance is proportional to the square of the running speed, and the air resistance becomes the most dominant resistance when the train runs at a high speed. With the development of economy and technology, the demand of modern society for ground transportation tools with high speed, high efficiency and high safety is increasing, and the vacuum pipeline high-speed train technology is receiving social attention. The basic principle of the vacuum pipeline high-speed train system is to establish a closed pipeline, and reduce the pressure intensity and the gas density in the pipeline by utilizing air extraction equipment so as to reduce the air resistance in the running process of the train and improve the running speed. At present, the vacuum pipeline high-speed train mainly comprises two suspension forms of magnetic suspension and pneumatic suspension.
In 1999, the american engineer darriel oersted proposed the concept of vacuum tube transport and registered ET3 with the goal of building a vacuum tube maglev train between new york and los angeles with a length of 4600 km and a speed of 6500 km per hour. The vacuum pipeline magnetic suspension train adopts a normal conduction or low-temperature superconducting technology, and generates a required electromagnetic field by controlling the magnitude of suspension exciting current in real time so as to ensure a stable suspension gap and realize suspension running of the train. However, there are still three key technical problems in vacuum tube maglev train systems that are difficult to overcome: firstly, the magnetic suspension system is very complex in design and high in manufacturing cost, and large electric energy loss is generated by large suspension exciting current; secondly, the vacuum pipeline magnetic suspension train is provided with a complex bogie structure for realizing suspension and guidance of the train, the bogie is not easy to realize the streamline design of the whole train, and the bogie generates larger air interference resistance when running at high speed; thirdly, the current experimental research on the magnetic levitation vehicle mainly focuses on the quasi-static or low-speed range, the experimental research speed of the dynamic test system is below 300km/h, the problem of vibration instability of the electromagnetic levitation gap during high-speed running of the train is difficult to solve, and the stability problem of levitation and guidance during high-speed running of the train becomes a key technical problem to be solved in the future development of the vacuum pipeline magnetic levitation system.
2013, the super high-speed rail planning scheme is proposed by head executive officer long-massk of Tesla of America, and the aim is to construct a vacuum pipeline pneumatic suspension train with the length of 560 kilometers and the speed of 1220 kilometers between los Angeles and san Francisco. The pneumatic suspension train sucks thin gas in a vacuum pipeline into the train by virtue of a gas compression device arranged on the train head, then sprays high-pressure gas to the pipe wall to form an air cushion, the train is supported by the air cushion to realize suspension running, and the suspension height is 0.5-1.3 mm. However, the following two key problems are still difficult to overcome in this system: firstly, the presence of the compressor increases the weight of the train and the complexity of the system, and generates greater noise during the running process; secondly, when the train runs at a high speed, a large amount of gas is required to be sucked from the vacuum pipeline to be sprayed to form an air cushion with enough thickness, and the problems of gas supply of the air cushion and air cushion stability maintenance during high-speed running are key technical problems which need to be solved when the vacuum pipeline starts a suspension system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system which is small in running resistance, high in speed, high in efficiency and good in suspension stability.
In order to achieve the above object, the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system of the present invention is formed by combining a fluid film suspension vehicle and a vacuum pipeline having a low pressure environment. The method is characterized in that: the fluid film suspension vehicle runs in a vacuum pipeline in a low-pressure environment, and a pressure fluid film is directly formed between the chassis surface and the rail surface by virtue of a fluid dynamic pressure effect to perform suspension running, so that the running resistance can be reduced to the greatest extent. The adjustment of the viscosity of the fluid in the fluid film, the thickness of the fluid film, the load-carrying capacity of the fluid film suspension vehicle and the viscous resistance borne on the chassis surface of the fluid film suspension vehicle can be realized by selecting or controlling the gas state, the liquid state, the gas-liquid mixed state and other states of the fluid film between the chassis and the track surface. The gas density in the vacuum pipeline is reduced by reducing the gas pressure in the vacuum pipeline, and the differential pressure resistance of the fluid film suspension vehicle in the running process is reduced. The fluid film viscosity resistance borne on the chassis surface of the fluid film suspension vehicle during high-speed running is reduced by reducing the air pressure in the vacuum pipeline so as to reduce the viscosity of the fluid in the fluid film. The gas pressure in the vacuum pipeline is reduced to reduce the boiling point of the fluid in the fluid film, so that the fluid film is promoted to automatically generate phase change under the action of pneumatic heating, namely the fluid film is changed into a gas state or a gas-liquid mixed state from a liquid state. The phase change process can increase the pressure and thickness of the fluid film, improve the load capacity of the train, reduce the viscosity of the fluid film and reduce the viscous resistance on the chassis surface in the running process of the fluid film suspension train. The chassis at the bottom of the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle is provided with an electric heating device to realize the heating of the fluid film. When the pneumatic heating effect of the low-speed running of the train is not enough to vaporize the fluid film, the electric heating device can be controlled to assist in heating so as to realize the regulation of the temperature of the fluid film or the vaporization of the fluid film. A planar motor or a linear motor is installed on a chassis of a vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle to serve as a power device, the planar motor or the linear motor can be expanded into a planar or linear structure by any rotating motor and mainly comprises an induction motor, a switched reluctance motor, a synchronous motor, a double-fed motor and the like, and the planar motor or the linear motor serving as the power device can omit a complex bogie structure of a rail train or a magnetic suspension train, so that the fluid film suspension vehicle is easy to realize the streamline design of the whole vehicle, can greatly reduce the interference resistance in the driving process and promote the high-speed and high-efficiency driving of the fluid film suspension vehicle in a vacuum pipeline.
Advantageous effects
The vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system combines the vacuum pipeline with low air pressure with the fluid film suspension vehicle, and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the resistance is reduced to the maximum extent: the resistance in the running process of a common vehicle mainly comprises four forms of friction resistance, pressure difference resistance, interference resistance and induced resistance, and the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system can reduce the four types of resistance to the maximum extent: (1) the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system can realize suspension running without mechanical contact and mechanical friction between a conventional train and the ground, and mechanical friction resistance is eliminated; (2) the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle runs in a low-pressure vacuum pipeline, and the rarefied air has lower density, so that the differential pressure resistance in running is greatly reduced; (3) the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension train system omits a complex bogie structure in a conventional train or a magnetic suspension train, so that the whole train is easy to realize streamline design, and the interference resistance in the high-speed running process of the train can be greatly reduced; (4) the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system does not have a lower washing flow field in the running process, and the induced resistance in the running process of a common aircraft is eliminated. Therefore, the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension train system can reduce the resistance in the high-speed running process to the maximum extent and realize the high-speed and high-efficiency running of the train.
2. The suspension stability problem of high-speed suspension train has been solved: as the conventional vacuum pipeline magnetic suspension train needs to adjust the exciting current in real time to realize train suspension, the suspension control technology when the train runs at high speed becomes very difficult, and the problem of vibration instability when the train runs at high speed in a suspension way has great challenge. The vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension train system of the invention directly forms a pressure fluid film according to the hydrodynamic pressure effect to realize suspension running, and the average pressure of the fluid film is inversely proportional to the square of the thickness of the fluid film, so that the thickness of the fluid film has better self-stability and robustness, and the suspension stability problem of the traditional vacuum pipeline magnetic suspension train during high-speed running is solved.
3. Reducing the viscosity of the fluid film, reducing the viscous drag of the fluid film: the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system has a low-pressure running environment, can reduce the acting force between molecules in a fluid film between a chassis and a track surface, and reduces the viscosity of the fluid film (the viscosity pressure equation describing the change rule between viscosity and pressure comprises a Brarus equation, a Roelands equation and a Cameron equation). Because the fluid film suspension vehicle is a vehicle which realizes suspension by directly forming a pressure fluid film between the chassis surface and the rail surface by means of the dynamic pressure effect of viscous fluid, the fluid film with lower viscosity in a low-pressure environment can reduce the viscous resistance borne on the chassis surface when a train runs at high speed, and the high-speed running is easy to realize.
4. Adjustment of fluid film viscosity: the fluid film can contain fluid states of gas, liquid, gas-liquid mixture and the like, and the fluid viscosity in the fluid film can be adjusted by selecting or adjusting the fluid film state between the chassis and the track surface so as to adjust the viscous resistance borne on the chassis surface in the running process.
5. Lowering the fluid boiling point, promoting fluid film phase change: the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system has a low-pressure running environment, the boiling point of fluid in the fluid film can be reduced by reducing the air pressure in the vacuum pipeline, the fluid is easy to vaporize, and the phase change process from liquid to gas is generated. When the vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system runs at a high speed, the fluid film between the chassis and the track automatically generates a pneumatic heating phenomenon due to the bearing of larger shear stress, and the liquid fluid film with a lower boiling point in a low-pressure environment can be automatically vaporized under the action of pneumatic heating to realize a phase change process, so that the phase change process can not only increase the pressure of the fluid film, increase the thickness of the fluid film and improve the loading capacity of a train, but also reduce the viscosity of the fluid film and further reduce the viscous resistance borne on the chassis of the train in the running process.
For example, when the fluid film is composed of water, the boiling point of water is 100 ℃ at 1 standard atmospheric pressure and 45 ℃ at 0.1 standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of the water film can be reduced under the low-pressure environment, the water film is easy to automatically vaporize under the action of pneumatic heating, the thickness of the fluid film is increased, the load-carrying capacity of a train is increased, and the viscous resistance borne by a train chassis in the running process is reduced. When the speed of the train is low and the pneumatic heating effect is not enough to vaporize the fluid film, the fluid film can be heated by the electric heating device additionally arranged on the chassis of the train, and the fluid film is vaporized under the combined action of the pneumatic heating and the auxiliary heating of the heating device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1, and the embodiment of the vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle according to the present invention includes: the device comprises a fluid film suspension vehicle compartment 1, a linear motor primary 2, a linear motor secondary 3, a fluid film 4, a vacuum pipeline 5, a rail surface 6, a low-pressure space 7 in the vacuum pipeline and the like. The basic idea of the invention is to combine a low-pressure vacuum pipeline train with a fluid film suspension vehicle, so as to reduce the running resistance of the train to the maximum extent and realize high-speed, efficient, stable and reliable suspension running of the train.
As shown in fig. 1, the power device of the fluid film levitation vehicle is composed of a linear motor primary 2 installed on a train chassis and a linear motor secondary 3 installed on a track surface, and by controlling electromagnetic action between the primary and secondary to generate electromagnetic driving force, the power device can achieve traction and steering, thereby omitting a bogie structure of a conventional train, and facilitating a train streamline design to reduce interference resistance.
The air in the vacuum pipeline 5 is extracted by using the air extraction equipment, so that a low-pressure space 7 can be formed in the vacuum pipeline 5, and the space has lower pressure and lower medium density, thereby reducing the air pressure difference resistance in the running process of a train.
The chassis surface 6 in the vacuum pipeline is covered with a layer of thin liquid water, when the fluid film suspension vehicle runs, a water film (namely, a pressure fluid film 4) with certain pressure is directly formed between the chassis surface and the rail surface 6 by virtue of the dynamic pressure effect of fluid so as to support the weight of the fluid film suspension vehicle, and the fluid film suspension vehicle can realize suspension running in the vacuum pipeline.
The lower pressure intensity and medium density in the vacuum pipeline can obviously reduce the pressure difference resistance of the fluid film suspension vehicle in the running process; the low-pressure environment in the vacuum pipeline can also reduce the viscosity of the water film, so that the viscosity resistance of the water film is reduced; the low atmospheric pressure environment in the vacuum pipe can also reduce the boiling point of water film (the boiling point of water is 100 degrees centigrade when 1 standard atmospheric pressure, and is 45 degrees centigrade under 0.1 standard atmospheric pressure), when the speed of traveling is than higher, the water film bears the automatic pneumatic heating phenomenon that takes place of great shear stress, the water film is the automatic vaporization that takes place under pneumatic heating effect, produce the phase transition process that becomes gaseous state or gas-liquid mixture attitude by liquid, this kind of spontaneous phase transition process not only can increase the pressure and the thickness of fluid film, promote train load capacity, can further reduce the viscidity of fluid film, reduce the viscidity resistance on the suspension vehicle chassis of fluid film. When the train runs at a low speed and the pneumatic heating effect is insufficient to vaporize the fluid film, the electric heating device arranged on the chassis surface of the train can be used for assisting in heating to realize the regulation of the temperature of the fluid film and the vaporization process of the fluid film, and the viscosity of the fluid in the fluid film, the thickness of the fluid film, the load-carrying capacity of the fluid film suspension vehicle and the regulation of the viscous resistance borne on the chassis surface of the fluid film suspension vehicle can be realized by selecting and controlling the temperature of the fluid film between the chassis and the track surface and the state forms of gas state, liquid state, gas-liquid mixed state and the like.
In conclusion, the low-pressure environment in the vacuum pipeline 5 reduces the density of gas in the pipeline, the viscosity of fluid in the fluid film and the boiling point of the fluid in the fluid film, can reduce the running resistance of the train to the maximum extent, and ensures the high-speed, high-efficiency and stable suspension running of the train.
Claims (7)
1. A vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system is characterized by comprising a vacuum pipeline, a fluid film suspension vehicle, a fluid film and a rail surface, wherein the vacuum pipeline is provided with a low-pressure vacuum environment, the rail surface is positioned at the bottom of the vacuum pipeline, the fluid film is positioned between the rail surface and the fluid film suspension vehicle, and the fluid film suspension vehicle directly forms the fluid film between the bottom surface and the rail surface by means of a fluid dynamic pressure effect and runs on the rail surface in the vacuum pipeline in a suspension mode.
2. The vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle system of claim 1, wherein: the gas density in the vacuum pipeline is reduced by reducing the gas pressure in the vacuum pipeline, and the differential pressure resistance of the fluid film suspension vehicle in the running process is reduced.
3. The vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle system of claim 1, wherein: the viscous resistance of the fluid film borne on the chassis during the running process of the fluid film suspension vehicle is reduced by reducing the air pressure in the vacuum pipeline to reduce the viscosity of the fluid in the fluid film.
4. The vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle system of claim 1, wherein: the boiling point of fluid in the fluid film is reduced by reducing the air pressure in the vacuum pipeline, and the automatic phase change of the fluid film under the action of pneumatic heating is promoted, namely the fluid film is changed into a gas state or a gas-liquid mixed state from a liquid state; the phase change process can increase the pressure and thickness of the fluid film, improve the load capacity of the train, further reduce the viscosity of the fluid film and reduce the viscous resistance of the chassis in the running process of the fluid film suspension train.
5. The vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle system of claim 1, wherein: the chassis of the fluid film suspension vehicle comprises an electric heating device for heating the fluid film; when the pneumatic heating action of the train is not enough to enable the fluid film to be automatically vaporized, the fluid film can be subjected to auxiliary heating through the electric heating device, the temperature of the fluid film is adjusted, the phase change process of the fluid film is adjusted, and the gaseous state, the liquid state and the gas-liquid mixed state of the fluid film are controlled.
6. The vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle system of claim 1, wherein: the planar motor or the linear motor is installed on a chassis and a track surface of the fluid film suspension vehicle and serves as a power device, and comprises an induction motor, a switched reluctance motor, a synchronous motor, a double-fed motor and a planar or linear motor structure form expanded by a traditional rotating motor; the plane motor or the linear motor can be used as a power device to omit a complex bogie structure of a wheel-rail train or a magnetic suspension train, so that the fluid film suspension vehicle in the vacuum pipeline is easy to realize streamline design, the interference resistance in the running process is reduced, and the high-speed and high-efficiency running of the fluid film suspension vehicle is promoted.
7. The vacuum line fluid film levitation vehicle system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the adjustment of the viscosity of the fluid in the fluid film, the thickness of the fluid film, the load-carrying capacity of the fluid film suspension vehicle and the viscous resistance borne on the chassis surface of the fluid film suspension vehicle can be realized by selecting or controlling the gas state, the liquid state, the gas-liquid mixed state and other states of the fluid film between the chassis and the track surface.
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| CN201911153370.8A CN112829771A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911153370.8A CN112829771A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Vacuum pipeline fluid film suspension vehicle system |
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| CN112829771A true CN112829771A (en) | 2021-05-25 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114444229A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-06 | 西南石油大学 | Method for analyzing bearing capacity of pipe section passing through highway |
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| CN103395418A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-11-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Super-speed train pneumatically levitated through air entering two sides and propelled electromagnetically |
| CN106143507A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-11-23 | 崔彬 | Fluid film levitation vehicle |
| CN107406009A (en) * | 2015-02-08 | 2017-11-28 | 超级高铁技术公司 | Transportation system |
| CN206767121U (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2017-12-19 | 浙江鑫宙竹基复合材料科技有限公司 | A kind of vacuum-pipeline transfer system |
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2019
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Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6431077B1 (en) * | 1997-09-24 | 2002-08-13 | Ingenieurs Bureau Oranjewoud B.V. | Train |
| US5950543A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-09-14 | Et3.Com Inc. | Evacuated tube transport |
| CN1711063A (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2005-12-21 | 格雷泰克股份有限公司 | Material mover having a fluid film reservoir |
| CN103298675A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-09-11 | 大卫·达尔林普尔 | An evacuated tube transport system |
| CN103085805A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-05-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Novel superfast train by utilizing ground effect pneumatic suspension and electromagnetic propulsion |
| CN103395418A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-11-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Super-speed train pneumatically levitated through air entering two sides and propelled electromagnetically |
| CN107406009A (en) * | 2015-02-08 | 2017-11-28 | 超级高铁技术公司 | Transportation system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114444229A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-06 | 西南石油大学 | Method for analyzing bearing capacity of pipe section passing through highway |
| CN114444229B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-09-30 | 西南石油大学 | Method for analyzing bearing capacity of road-crossing pipe section |
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