CN112828689B - Magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device and polishing method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device and polishing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112828689B CN112828689B CN202110249139.XA CN202110249139A CN112828689B CN 112828689 B CN112828689 B CN 112828689B CN 202110249139 A CN202110249139 A CN 202110249139A CN 112828689 B CN112828689 B CN 112828689B
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJGOCJFDDHOGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Fe]O Chemical compound [Fe]O UJGOCJFDDHOGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- WKPSFPXMYGFAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Fe] WKPSFPXMYGFAQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/003—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor whereby the workpieces are mounted on a holder and are immersed in the abrasive material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/005—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes using a magnetic polishing agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
- B24B31/102—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using an alternating magnetic field
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device and a polishing method thereof, comprising the following steps: installing a workpiece and a workpiece installation frame; after a small amount of magneto-rheological body is filled in the tank body, a proper amount of magneto-rheological body is filled in through holes of the top cover, and then the tank body is placed in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe; judging whether the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized; the direct current power supply turns off the output current, and the motor drives and starts the servo motor, so that the servo motor uniformly stirs the magnetorheological body at a low speed; setting the rotating speed of a servo motor, setting the output current of a direct current power supply, and enabling the magnetorheological body to start shearing and polishing a workpiece; after the surface finish of the workpiece meets the requirement, turning off the direct current power supply, and delaying to turn off the servo motor, and after the workpiece is taken out, disassembling and cleaning the workpiece; and (5) ending. By adopting the scheme, the high-efficiency flexible polishing of the high-quality surface requirements of parts with various shapes is realized, the problems of scratch, bump and the like in the traditional polishing are avoided, and meanwhile, the surface shape precision and geometric tolerance of the workpiece are hardly influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece processing and polishing, in particular to a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device and a polishing method thereof.
Background
According to the traditional mechanical grinding and polishing process method, a motor is adopted to drive a polishing disc made of materials such as grinding wheels, sponge and wool on a polishing machine to rotate at a high speed, and the polishing disc and polishing agent are used for rubbing the surface to be polished of a workpiece under the combined action of the polishing disc and the polishing agent, so that the purposes of removing surface pollution, oxide layers and shallow marks and improving the smoothness are achieved. Most of the existing polishing machines are only suitable for polishing the outer surface of a workpiece and a large-hole cavity structure, and are difficult to polish structures such as complex curved surfaces, slit cavities and the like, manual polishing is time-consuming and labor-consuming, polishing efficiency is low, and polishing uniformity and surface quality are difficult to control stably. The magnetic polishing with the high-speed movement of the magnetic needle is adopted, and the hard contact is adopted, so that the surface of the workpiece is easily scratched and knocked, and the surface quality of the workpiece is affected. The adoption of wheel type polishing has low polishing efficiency and cannot polish the slit cavity structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and a polishing method thereof.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises a tank body, an electrified spiral pipe, a workpiece mounting frame, a stirring shaft and a magnetorheological body;
The magnetic current variant is filled in the tank body, the stirring shaft is arranged in the tank body, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft, workpieces are mounted on the workpiece mounting frames, the tank body is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe, and the stirring shaft drives the motion direction of the workpiece mounting frames to be perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe and is used for stirring the magnetic current variant.
When the scheme specifically works, the magnetorheological body is filled in the tank body, wherein the magnetorheological body mainly consists of hydroxy iron powder, water and polishing powder, a stirring shaft is further arranged in the tank body, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft, each workpiece mounting frame is preferably perpendicular to the stirring shaft, workpieces are placed on the tool mounting frames, different workpiece mounting frames can be designed according to structures of different workpieces, so that high-efficiency flexible polishing of various shapes of parts is realized, when the plurality of tool mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft, the workpiece mounting frames are preferably symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the stirring shaft, and the workpieces are also symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the stirring shaft so as to uniformly stir the magnetorheological body; the upper end cover, the lower base and the iron core are respectively connected through bolts or metal adhesive to form an I-shaped framework, the coil turns are wound on the iron core, and different turns can be arranged on the coil turns according to the requirement of the electromagnetic field strength of the device; placing a tank body in the center of a hollow cylinder of an iron core, enabling the tank body to be flush with the bottom of the iron core, and radially setting a gap of 0.5mm-2mm, wherein the upper end surface of the tank body is higher than the upper end surface by not less than 20mm, the tank body is made of non-metal materials, and the stirring shaft and the workpiece mounting frame are made of non-magnetic materials; when the coil turns are electrified, the magnetorheological body is in a strong magnetic field and is a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity; when the stirring shaft drives the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame to move together, the moving direction of the stirring shaft is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, the magnetorheological body can move relative to the workpiece to generate shearing force, so that the workpiece is sheared and polished by the magnetorheological body, the problems of scratch, bump and other traditional polishing can be avoided, and meanwhile, the surface shape precision and geometric tolerance of the workpiece are hardly affected.
Further optimize, still include servo motor, mount pad and top cap, the top cap is used for sealing jar body top, servo motor passes through the mount pad and installs in the middle part of top cap upper end, open at the top cap middle part has the step hole, servo motor's shaft coupling passes through step hole and stirring axle one end and is connected to drive the stirring axle motion.
When the scheme specifically works, a top cover is arranged at the opening at the top of the tank body, the top cover is made of non-magnetic conductive materials, a convex spigot is arranged on the lower end face of the top cover, the convex spigot is in small clearance fit with an inner hole of the tank body, and the top cover and the tank body are limited and fixed by a positioning pin and used for sealing the top of the tank body; the servo motor is installed in the middle of the upper end face of the top cover through the mounting seat and is fixedly connected with the top cover, a step hole is formed in the center of the top cover, an output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the stirring shaft through the coupler and penetrates through the step hole of the top cover, the stirring shaft is vertically arranged, at the moment, the servo motor can drive the stirring shaft to move, and the stirring shaft drives the workpiece to stir the magnetorheological body.
Further preferably, the servo motor is a rotary motor or a linear motor.
When the scheme specifically works, the servo motor can be preferably a rotating motor or a linear motor, and when the servo motor is a rotating motor, the stirring shaft is driven to rotate around the axis of the servo motor, the workpiece and the workpiece mounting rack are driven to rotate along the radial direction of the tank body, and the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe is set along the axial direction of the tank body at the moment, so that the movement direction of the workpiece is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction;
When the large thin-wall workpiece is fixed on the workpiece mounting frame, the large thin-wall workpiece is vertically moved up and down in a small stroke along with the stirring shaft, and the structure of the coil turn and the iron core is required to be changed, so that the magnetic field direction in the tank body is horizontal, and the magnetic flow body of BingHam fluid and the workpiece are in shearing motion in a strong magnetic field with the horizontal magnetic field direction, thereby realizing the shearing and polishing of the surface of the workpiece.
Further preferably, when the servo motor is a rotating motor, the stirring tank further comprises a blade, the blade is arranged at the other end of the stirring shaft, and the blade is positioned at the bottom of the tank body.
When this scheme specifically operates, when servo motor is the rotating electrical machines, set up the paddle in the bottom of (mixing) shaft, (mixing) shaft and paddle pass through threaded connection, and the paddle is located jar body bottom, and the paddle is rotatory along with the (mixing) shaft, can avoid the magnetorheological suspensions to subside, pile up in the bottom of jar body.
Further optimizing, still include the control box, be equipped with motor drive and DC power supply in the control box, motor drive connects servo motor and is used for controlling servo motor's start-up and velocity of motion, DC power supply connects the circular telegram spiral pipe and is used for controlling the current break-make and the current size of circular telegram spiral pipe.
When the scheme specifically works, the polishing device is further provided with a control box, a motor drive and a direct current power supply are arranged in the control box, wherein the motor drive is connected with a servo motor through a power cable and a coding cable, the starting and the movement speed of the servo motor are controlled, and the speed of the servo motor can be adjusted according to the polishing efficiency; the direct current power supply is connected with the coil turn through a cable, and the current on-off and the current magnitude of the coil turn are controlled; when the coil turns are not electrified, the magnetorheological body is in a zero magnetic field and is a Newtonian fluid with low viscosity, the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame rotate along with the stirring shaft to play a role of stirring and homogenizing components of the magnetorheological body and not polish the workpiece, when the coil turns are electrified, the magnetorheological body is in a strong magnetic field and is a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity, the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame rotate along with the stirring shaft, the magnetorheological body moves relative to the workpiece and generates shearing force, so that shearing and polishing of the magnetorheological body on the workpiece are realized, the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the coil turns is controlled by adjusting the output current of the direct current power supply, the viscosity of the magnetorheological body is controlled, and the shearing force of the magnetorheological body on the workpiece is further controlled, so that the polishing quality and polishing efficiency of the workpiece are controlled.
Further optimized, the device further comprises a plug, a through hole is further formed in the top cover, and the plug is used for sealing the through hole.
When the scheme specifically operates, in order to supplement the magnetorheological body in the polishing process, the top cover is also provided with a through hole, the magnetorheological body is filled into the tank body through the through hole, and after the supplement is finished, the through hole is closed by using the plug, wherein the plug adopts a non-magnetic conductive material.
Further preferably, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames are movably connected with the stirring shaft.
When this scheme specifically functions, for convenient to detach frock mounting bracket to the frock mounting bracket of the different structural design of equipment sets up to work piece mounting bracket all with (mixing) shaft swing joint, its swing joint preferably is threaded connection, is equipped with a plurality of screw on the (mixing) shaft, and work piece mounting bracket tip is threaded, and does not install the screw of work piece mounting bracket on the (mixing) shaft, need use the screw plug to plug, wherein the screw plug needs to adopt non-metallic material.
Further optimizing, the polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises the following steps:
S1: fixing a workpiece on a workpiece mounting frame, and mounting the workpiece mounting frame on a stirring shaft;
s2: after a small amount of magnetorheological bodies are filled in the tank body, placing a workpiece, a workpiece mounting frame and a stirring shaft in the tank body, placing a top cover at an opening at the upper end of the tank body, supplementing a proper amount of magnetorheological bodies through a through hole of the top cover, and placing the tank body in the middle of an electrified spiral pipe;
S3: judging whether the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement, if so, entering a step S4, and if not, entering a step S5;
S4: the direct current power supply turns off the output current, and the motor drives and starts the servo motor, so that the servo motor uniformly stirs the magnetorheological body at a low speed;
S5: setting the rotating speed of a servo motor and the output current of a direct current power supply according to the polishing process, so that the workpiece is stirred in the tank body 8 at a high speed to generate shearing force, and the magnetorheological body begins to shear and polish the workpiece;
s6: after the surface finish of the workpiece meets the requirement, turning off the direct current power supply, and delaying to turn off the servo motor, and after the workpiece is taken out, disassembling and cleaning the workpiece;
S7: and finishing the polishing and stirring process flow.
Further preferably, the step S3 further includes the following substeps: the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized only when the magnetorheological body is newly injected into the tank body or after the workpiece is stirred and polished for a long time by the magnetorheological body.
Further preferably, the step S5 further includes the substeps of: when the magnetorheological body shears and polishes a workpiece, judging whether the surface of the workpiece meets the polishing requirement, and if the surface finish meets the requirement, entering a process flow into a step S6; if the surface finish does not meet the requirements, the process flow proceeds to step S3.
The detailed working principle of the scheme is as follows:
s10, preparing a workpiece, a magnetorheological body and a polishing device, and starting a polishing process;
S20, placing and fixing 1 or more workpieces on a workpiece mounting rack, wherein the workpieces are generally placed on the workpiece mounting rack in a symmetrical arrangement mode;
S30, installing and fixing the workpiece mounting frame on a stirring shaft, fixing the workpiece mounting frame by using screws, and blocking screw holes of the workpiece mounting frame which are not installed on the stirring shaft by using screw plugs;
s40, a small amount of magnetorheological bodies are filled in the tank body, after the workpiece, the workpiece mounting frame and the stirring shaft are placed in the tank body, a proper amount of magnetorheological bodies are supplemented through the liquid supplementing holes of the top cover, and the liquid level of the magnetorheological bodies in the tank body is controlled to be slightly lower than the end face of the upper end cover;
S50, arranging the stirring shaft in the tank body, arranging the top cover at the opening of the tank body, and limiting and fixing the top cover and the tank body by adopting a locating pin;
S60, integrally arranging the tank body in the center of a hollow cylinder of the iron core, wherein the tank body is level with the bottom of the iron core;
and S70, judging whether the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement. After the magnetorheological body is newly injected into the tank body or the workpiece is stirred and polished for a long time, the magnetorheological body is generally required to be homogenized, and the magnetorheological body is not required to be homogenized in other cases; if the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized, the step S80 is carried out, and if the magnetorheological body does not need to be homogenized, the step S90 is carried out;
S80, when the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized, the direct current power supply turns off the output current, no current passes through the coil turns, the magnetorheological body is in a zero magnetic field, the motor is driven to start the servo motor, the rotating speed of the servo motor is set to be 20-100 rpm, and the uniform stirring of the magnetorheological body is realized by stirring for about 5 minutes;
S90, when the workpiece is required to be stirred and polished, setting the rotating speed of a servo motor to 2000-3000rpm according to the polishing process, and driving the workpiece to stir the magnetorheological body at a high speed in the tank body by a stirring shaft;
S100, turning on a direct current power supply, setting the output current of the direct current power supply to be 0-4A according to a polishing process, enabling current to flow through a coil turn, enabling a magnetorheological body to be BingHam fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity under the action of a strong magnetic field, enabling a workpiece to stir the magnetorheological body at a high speed in a tank body to generate a shearing force, and enabling the magnetorheological body to start shearing and polishing the workpiece;
S110, judging whether the surface of the workpiece meets the polishing requirement, if the surface finish meets the requirement, transferring the process flow to a step S120, and if the surface finish does not meet the requirement, transferring the process flow to a step S70;
S120, when the surface finish of the workpiece meets the requirement, the direct current power supply is turned off, no current exists in the coil turns, and the magnetorheological fluid is converted from BingHam fluid into Newtonian fluid with low viscosity and high fluidity in a few milliseconds;
s130, after the direct current power supply is turned off for a few seconds, the servo motor is turned off, and the workpiece stops rotating and stirring in the tank body;
s140, integrally taking out the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame from the tank body;
S150, cleaning the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame, and detaching the workpiece from the workpiece mounting frame;
S160, finishing the polishing and stirring process flow, if the stirring and polishing process flow is not needed again for a long time, turning off the power supply of the device, taking out the magnetorheological body from the tank body, and cleaning the tank body; if the stirring and polishing process is needed again after a short time interval, setting the rotating speed of the motor to 20-100rpm, and driving the paddle by the stirring shaft to perform low-speed homogenization stirring on the magnetorheological body in the magnetic field.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The scheme is adopted, a strong magnetic field is formed by using an electrified solenoid, a BingHam body is formed by a magnetorheological body containing polishing powder under the action of the strong magnetic field, the magnetorheological body is high in viscosity and low in fluidity, a workpiece moves relative to the magnetic fluid, a shearing force is generated, and the polishing powder in the magnetorheological body flexibly polishes the workpiece under the action of the shearing force, so that the automatic control of the surface quality with high finish is realized. The scheme can be applied to: 1. ultra-precise polishing of nanoscale surface finish optical elements; 2. mirror polishing of the surface of the electroplating structural member, superhard material, nonferrous metal and other elements; 3. high surface quality polishing of non-magnetically conductive metallic connectors; 4. other materials are polished.
The high-efficiency flexible polishing required by the high-quality surfaces of parts with various shapes can be realized, the problems of scratch, bump and the like existing in the traditional polishing are avoided, and meanwhile, the surface shape precision and geometric tolerance of a workpiece are hardly influenced; meanwhile, the polishing method of the invention utilizes a state between solid and liquid, dust is not formed in the polishing process, and no harmful chemical reagent and no pollution to the environment are caused. The polishing process is automated, and the harmful influence of the traditional polishing on the human and the dependence on the human are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a magnetic field diagram of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a double-layer layout of a workpiece of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a single-layer layout of a workpiece of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a layout of a large thin-wall workpiece of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device and a polishing method thereof.
The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1-a servo motor; 2-a mounting base; a 3-coupling; 4-top cover; 5-an upper end cap; 6-iron core; 7-turns of the coil; 8-a tank body; 9-a workpiece mounting rack; 10-a stirring shaft; 11-paddle; 12-magnetorheological body; 13-a workpiece; 14-motor drive; 15-a lower base; 16-direct current power supply; 17-a control box; 18-plug.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples: as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises a tank body 8, an electrified spiral pipe, a workpiece mounting frame 9, a stirring shaft 10 and a magnetorheological body 12;
The magneto-rheological body 12 is filled in the tank body 8, the stirring shaft 10 is arranged in the tank body 8, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames 9 are arranged on the stirring shaft 10, workpieces 13 are mounted on the workpiece mounting frames 9, the tank body 8 is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe, and the stirring shaft 10 drives the movement direction of the workpiece mounting frames 9 to be perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe and is used for stirring the magneto-rheological body 12.
In this embodiment, the magnetorheological body 12 is filled in the tank 8, wherein the magnetorheological body 12 is mainly composed of hydroxyl iron powder, water and polishing powder, a stirring shaft 10 is further arranged in the tank 8, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames 9 are arranged on the stirring shaft 10, each workpiece mounting frame 9 is preferably arranged perpendicular to the stirring shaft 10, the workpiece mounting frames are used for placing workpieces 13, and different workpiece mounting frames 9 can be designed according to the structures of different workpieces 13 so as to realize high-efficiency flexible polishing of various shaped parts, wherein when the plurality of tool mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft 10, the workpiece mounting frames are preferably symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 10, and the workpieces 13 are also required to be symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 10 so as to uniformly stir the magnetorheological body 12; the electrified spiral tube consists of an iron core 6 and coil turns 7, an upper end cover 5 and a lower base 15 are further arranged on the side face of a tank body 8, the upper end cover 5 and the lower base 15 are of circular ring structures made of non-magnetic materials, the iron core 6 is of a hollow cylindrical structure made of magnetic materials DT4, the upper end cover 5, the lower base 15 and the iron core 6 are respectively bonded and connected through bolts or metal glue to form an I-shaped framework, the coil turns 7 are wound on the iron core 6, and different turns can be arranged on the coil turns 7 according to the requirement of the electromagnetic field intensity of the device; the tank body 8 is placed in the center of a hollow cylinder of the iron core 6, the tank body 8 is flush with the bottom of the iron core 6, a gap of 0.5mm-2mm is arranged in the radial direction, the upper end surface of the tank body 8 is higher than the upper end surface by not less than 20mm, wherein the tank body 8 is made of non-metal materials, and the stirring shaft 10 and the workpiece mounting frame 9 are made of non-magnetic materials; when the coil turn 7 is electrified, the magneto-rheological body 12 is in a strong magnetic field and is a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity; when the stirring shaft 10 drives the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting frame 9 to move together, the moving direction of the stirring shaft is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, the magnetorheological body 12 can move relative to the workpiece 13 to generate shearing force, so that the workpiece 13 is sheared and polished by the magnetorheological body 12, the problems of scratch, bump and other traditional polishing can be avoided, and meanwhile, the surface shape precision and geometric tolerance of the workpiece 13 are hardly affected.
In the embodiment, a top cover 4 is arranged at the top opening of a tank body 8, the top cover 4 is made of non-magnetic conductive material, a convex spigot is arranged on the lower end surface of the top cover 4, the convex spigot is in small clearance fit with an inner hole of the tank body 8, and the top cover 4 and the tank body 8 are limited and fixed by a positioning pin for sealing the top of the tank body 8; the servo motor 1 is installed in the middle of the upper end face of the top cover 4 through the mounting seat 2 and is fixedly connected with the top cover 4, a stepped hole is formed in the center of the top cover 4, an output shaft of the servo motor 1 is connected with the stirring shaft 10 through the coupler 3 and penetrates through the stepped hole of the top cover 4, the stirring shaft 10 is vertically arranged, at the moment, the servo motor 1 can drive the stirring shaft 10 to move, and the stirring shaft 10 drives the workpiece 13 to stir the magnetorheological body 12.
In this embodiment, the servo motor 1 may be preferably a rotating motor or a linear motor, and when the servo motor 1 is a rotating motor, the stirring shaft 10 is driven to rotate around its own axis, the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting rack 9 are driven to rotate along the radial direction of the tank 8, and the magnetic field direction of the energized spiral tube is set along the axial direction of the tank 8, so that the movement direction of the workpiece 13 is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction;
when the large thin-wall workpiece 13 is aimed at, the resistance is too large when the workpiece rotates along the radial direction of the tank body 8, the polishing effect is too low, a linear motor is needed, the output shaft end of the servo motor 1 adopts a screw nut structure, the servo motor 1 drives the stirring shaft 10 to reciprocate up and down in a small stroke in the vertical direction, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 is fixedly arranged on the workpiece mounting frame 9, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 reciprocates up and down in a small stroke along with the stirring shaft 10 in the vertical direction, at the moment, the structures of the coil turn 7 and the iron core 6 are needed to be changed, the magnetic field direction in the tank body 8 is the horizontal direction, and in a strong magnetic field with the magnetic field direction being the horizontal, the magnetorheological body 1212 of BingHam fluid and the workpiece 1313 do shearing motion, so that the shearing and polishing on the surface of the workpiece 1313 are realized.
In this embodiment, when the servo motor 1 is a rotating motor, the paddle 11 is disposed at the bottom of the stirring shaft 10, the stirring shaft 10 and the paddle 11 are connected through threads, the paddle 11 is located at the bottom of the tank 8, the paddle 11 rotates along with the stirring shaft 10, and the magnetorheological body 12 can be prevented from sedimentation and accumulation at the bottom of the tank 8.
In the embodiment, a control box 17 is further arranged, a motor drive 14 and a direct current power supply 16 are arranged in the control box 17, wherein the motor drive 14 is connected with the servo motor 1 through a power cable and a coding cable, the starting and the movement speed of the servo motor 1 are controlled, and the speed of the servo motor 1 can be adjusted according to the polishing efficiency; the direct-current power supply 16 is connected with the coil turn 7 through a cable and controls the current on-off and the current magnitude of the coil turn 7; when the coil turn 7 is not electrified, the magnetorheological body 12 is in a zero magnetic field and is a Newtonian fluid with low viscosity, the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting frame 9 rotate along with the stirring shaft 10 to play a role of stirring and homogenizing components of the magnetorheological body 12, the workpiece 13 is not polished, when the coil turn 7 is electrified, the magnetorheological body 12 is in a strong magnetic field and is a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity, the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting frame 9 rotate along with the stirring shaft 10, the magnetorheological body 12 moves relative to the workpiece 13 to generate shearing force, so that shearing and polishing of the magnetorheological body 12 on the workpiece 13 are realized, the magnitude of the output current of the direct current power supply 16 is regulated to control the strength of the magnetic field generated by the coil turn 7, so that the viscosity of the magnetorheological body 12 is controlled, and the shearing force of the magnetorheological body 12 on the workpiece 13 is further controlled, and the polishing quality and polishing efficiency of the workpiece 13 are controlled.
In this embodiment, in order to supplement the magnetorheological body 12 in the polishing process, a through hole is further formed in the top cover 4, the magnetorheological body 12 is filled into the tank 8 through the through hole, and after the supplement is completed, the through hole is closed by using a plug 18, wherein the plug 18 is made of a non-magnetic conductive material.
In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the disassembly of the tool mounting frame and the assembly of the tool mounting frames with different structural designs, the workpiece mounting frames 9 are movably connected with the stirring shaft 10, the movable connection is preferably in threaded connection, a plurality of screw holes are formed in the stirring shaft 10, the end part of the workpiece mounting frames 9 is provided with threads, the screw holes of the workpiece mounting frames 9 are not installed on the stirring shaft 10, and the workpiece mounting frames are blocked by using threaded plugs, wherein the threaded plugs are made of nonmetallic materials; for workpieces 13 with different sizes, a plurality of tool mounting frames are often required to be mutually matched and mounted, as shown in fig. 3, the two-layer tool mounting frame is schematically shown, the workpieces 13 are placed on the two-layer workpiece mounting frame 9, and the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing process is generally carried out in the tank body 8 by adopting symmetrical placement; for the workpiece 13 with a slightly larger size, as shown in fig. 4, a single-layer workpiece mounting rack 9 is adopted to carry out a magnetic fluid stirring polishing process; for the large thin-wall workpiece 13, as shown in fig. 5, the structures of the coil turn 7 and the iron core 6 need to be changed, the magnetic field direction in the tank body 8 is horizontal, the output shaft end of the servo motor 1 adopts a screw nut structure, the servo motor 1 drives the stirring shaft 10 to reciprocate up and down in a small stroke in the vertical direction, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 is fixedly arranged on the workpiece mounting frame 9, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 reciprocates up and down in the small stroke along with the stirring shaft 10 in the vertical direction, and in a strong magnetic field with the horizontal magnetic field direction, the magnetorheological body 12 which is BingHam fluid performs shearing motion with the workpiece 13 to realize shearing and polishing on the surface of the workpiece 13.
In this embodiment, a polishing method of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device includes the following steps:
s1: fixing the workpiece 13 to the workpiece mounting frame 9, and mounting the workpiece mounting frame 9 on the stirring shaft 10;
S2: after a small amount of magneto-rheological body 12 is filled in the tank body 8, a workpiece 13, a workpiece mounting rack 9 and a stirring shaft 10 are placed in the tank body 8, the top cover 4 is placed at an opening at the upper end of the tank body 8, a proper amount of magneto-rheological body 12 is fed through a through hole of the top cover 4, and then the tank body 8 is placed in the middle of an electrified spiral pipe;
s3: judging whether the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement, if the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized, entering a step S4, and if the magnetorheological body 12 does not need to be homogenized, entering a step S5;
s4: the direct current power supply 16 turns off the output current, and the motor drive 14 starts the servo motor 1, so that the servo motor 1 uniformly agitates the magnetorheological body 12 at a low speed;
S5: setting the rotating speed of the servo motor 1 and the output current of the direct current power supply 16 according to the polishing process, so that the workpiece 13 is stirred at a high speed in the tank 88 to generate shearing force for the magnetorheological body 12, and the magnetorheological body 12 begins to shear and polish the workpiece 13;
S6: after the surface finish of the workpiece 13 meets the requirement, the direct current power supply 16 is turned off, the servo motor 1 is turned off in a delayed manner, and after the workpiece 13 is taken out, the workpiece 13 is disassembled and cleaned;
S7: and finishing the polishing and stirring process flow.
Further preferably, the step S3 further includes the following substeps: only when the magnetorheological body 12 is newly injected into the tank 8 or after the magnetorheological body 12 has been stirred for a long time to polish the workpiece 13, the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized.
Further preferably, the step S5 further includes the substeps of: when the magnetorheological body 12 shears and polishes the workpiece 13, judging whether the surface of the workpiece 13 meets the polishing requirement, and if the surface finish meets the requirement, entering a process flow into a step S6; if the surface finish does not meet the requirements, the process flow proceeds to step S3.
The detailed working principle of the scheme is as follows:
s10, preparing a workpiece 13, a magneto-rheological body 12 and a polishing device, and starting a polishing process;
s20, placing and fixing 1 or more workpieces 13 on a workpiece mounting rack 9, wherein the workpieces 13 are generally placed on the workpiece 13 mounting pieces in a symmetrical arrangement mode;
S30, installing and fixing the workpiece mounting frame 9 on the stirring shaft 10, fixing the workpiece mounting frame by using screws, and blocking screw holes of the workpiece mounting frame 9 which are not installed on the stirring shaft 10 by using screw plugs;
S40, a small amount of magnetorheological bodies 12 are filled in the tank body 8, after the workpiece 13, the workpiece mounting frame 9 and the stirring shaft 10 are placed in the tank body 8, a proper amount of magnetorheological bodies 12 are supplemented through the fluid supplementing holes of the top cover 4, and the liquid level of the magnetorheological bodies 12 in the tank body 8 is controlled to be slightly lower than the end face of the upper end cover 5;
S50, arranging a stirring shaft 10 in the tank body 8, arranging the top cover 4 at the opening of the tank body 8, and limiting and fixing the top cover 4 and the tank body 8 by adopting a locating pin;
s60, integrally arranging the tank body 8 in the center of a hollow cylinder of the iron core 6, wherein the tank body 8 is level with the bottom of the iron core 6;
and S70, judging whether the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement. After the new injection of the magnetorheological body 12 into the tank 8 or the stirring and polishing of the workpiece 13 by the magnetorheological body 12 for a long time, the magnetorheological body 12 is generally homogenized, and the magnetorheological body 12 is not homogenized in other cases; if the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized, the method proceeds to step S80, and if the magnetorheological body 12 does not need to be homogenized, the method proceeds to step S90;
S80, when the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized, the direct current power supply 16 turns off the output current, no current passes through the coil turn 7, the magnetorheological body 12 is in a zero magnetic field, the motor drive 14 starts the servo motor 1, the rotating speed of the servo motor 1 is set to be 20-100 rpm, and stirring is carried out for about 5 minutes, so that uniform stirring of the magnetorheological body 12 is realized;
s90, when the workpiece 13 is required to be stirred and polished, setting the rotating speed of the servo motor 1 to 2000-3000rpm according to the polishing process, and driving the workpiece 13 to stir the magnetorheological body 12 in the tank body 8 at a high speed by the stirring shaft 10;
s100, starting a direct current power supply 16, setting the output current of the direct current power supply 16 to be 0-4A according to a polishing process, enabling current to pass through a coil turn 7, enabling a magnetorheological body 12 to be BingHam fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity under the action of a strong magnetic field, enabling a workpiece 13 to stir the magnetorheological body 12 at a high speed in a tank body 8 to generate a shearing force, and enabling the magnetorheological body 12 to start shearing and polishing the workpiece 13;
s110, judging whether the surface of the workpiece 13 meets the polishing requirement, if the surface finish meets the requirement, transferring the process flow to a step S120, and if the surface finish does not meet the requirement, transferring the process flow to a step S70;
s120, when the surface finish of the workpiece 13 meets the requirement, the direct current power supply 16 is turned off, no current exists in the coil turn 7, and the magnetorheological fluid 12 is converted from BingHam fluid into Newtonian fluid with low viscosity and high fluidity in a few milliseconds;
S130, after the direct current power supply 16 is turned off for a few seconds, the servo motor 1 is turned off, and the workpiece 13 stops rotating and stirring in the tank 8;
S140, integrally taking out the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting frame 9 from the tank body 8;
s150, cleaning the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting frame 9, and detaching the workpiece 13 from the workpiece mounting frame 9;
S160, finishing the polishing and stirring process flow, if the stirring and polishing process flow is not needed again for a long time, turning off the power supply of the device, and taking out the magneto-rheological body 12 from the tank body 8 and cleaning the tank body 8; if the stirring and polishing process is needed again after a short time interval, the motor rotating speed is set to 20-100rpm, and the stirring shaft 10 drives the blade 11 to stir the magnetorheological body 12 uniformly in the magnetic field at a low speed.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device is characterized in that the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises a tank body (8), an electrified spiral pipe, a workpiece mounting frame (9), a stirring shaft (10) and a magnetorheological body (12);
The magnetic current variable body (12) is filled in the tank body (8), the stirring shaft (10) is arranged in the tank body (8), a plurality of workpiece mounting frames (9) are arranged on the stirring shaft (10), workpieces (13) are mounted on the workpiece mounting frames (9), the tank body (8) is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe, and the stirring shaft (10) drives the movement direction of the workpiece mounting frames (9) to be perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe and is used for stirring the magnetic current variable body (12);
the polishing method comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing a workpiece (13) on a workpiece mounting frame (9), and mounting the workpiece mounting frame (9) on a stirring shaft (10);
S2: after a small amount of magnetorheological bodies (12) are filled in the tank body (8), a workpiece (13), a workpiece mounting rack (9) and a stirring shaft (10) are placed in the tank body (8), the top cover (4) is placed at an opening at the upper end of the tank body (8), a proper amount of magnetorheological bodies (12) are fed through a through hole of the top cover (4), and then the tank body (8) is placed in the middle of an electrified spiral pipe;
S3: judging whether the magnetorheological body (12) needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement, if the magnetorheological body (12) needs to be homogenized, entering a step S4, and if the magnetorheological body (12) does not need to be homogenized, entering a step S5;
S4: the direct current power supply (16) turns off the output current, and the motor drive (14) starts the servo motor (1) to enable the servo motor (1) to stir the magnetorheological body (12) uniformly at a low speed;
S5: setting the rotating speed of the servo motor (1) and the output current of the direct current power supply (16) according to the polishing process, so that the workpiece (13) is stirred at a high speed in the tank body (8) to generate shearing force for the magnetorheological body (12), and the magnetorheological body (12) starts to shear and polish the workpiece (13);
S6: after the surface finish of the workpiece (13) meets the requirement, turning off the direct current power supply (16), and delaying turning off the servo motor (1), and after the workpiece (13) is taken out, disassembling and cleaning the workpiece (13);
S7: and finishing the polishing and stirring process flow.
2. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device further comprises a servo motor (1), a mounting seat (2) and a top cover (4), the top cover (4) is used for sealing the top of the tank body (8), the servo motor (1) is mounted at the middle part of the upper end of the top cover (4) through the mounting seat (2), a step hole is formed in the middle part of the top cover (4), and a coupler (3) of the servo motor (1) is connected with one end of a stirring shaft (10) through the step hole and drives the stirring shaft (10) to move.
3. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 2, wherein the servo motor (1) is a rotary motor or a linear motor.
4. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 3, wherein when the servo motor (1) is a rotating motor, the polishing method further comprises a blade (11), the blade (11) is arranged at the other end of the stirring shaft (10), and the blade (11) is positioned at the bottom of the tank body (8).
5. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 2, further comprising a control box (17), wherein a motor drive (14) and a direct current power supply (16) are arranged in the control box (17), the motor drive (14) is connected with the servo motor (1) for controlling the starting and moving speed of the servo motor (1), and the direct current power supply (16) is connected with the energizing spiral tube for controlling the current on-off and the current magnitude of the energizing spiral tube.
6. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device further comprises a plug (18), a through hole is further formed in the top cover (4), and the plug (18) is used for sealing the through hole.
7. The polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of workpiece mounting frames (9) are movably connected with a stirring shaft (10).
8. The method for polishing a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said step S3 further comprises the substeps of: the magnetorheological body (12) needs to be homogenized only when the magnetorheological body (12) is newly injected into the tank (8) or after the magnetorheological body (12) is stirred and polished for a long time to polish the workpiece (13).
9. The method for polishing a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said step S5 further comprises the substeps of: when the magnetorheological body (12) shears and polishes the workpiece (13), judging whether the surface of the workpiece (13) meets the polishing requirement, and if the surface finish meets the requirement, entering a process flow into a step S6; if the surface finish does not meet the requirements, the process flow proceeds to step S3.
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