CN112828421B - Method for manufacturing grid frame structure by adding materials through arc fuses - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a grid frame structure by arc fuse additive manufacturing, which at least comprises the steps of forming a first grid frame layer, wherein the forming of the first grid frame layer at least comprises a first fused deposition path and a second fused deposition path; the first melt deposition path and the second melt deposition path are arranged oppositely; the position at which the first melt deposition path and the second melt deposition path are adjacent is a first intersection of the first grid frame layer, and a weld bead of the first melt deposition path and a weld bead of the second melt deposition path at the intersection are non-contacting. The invention changes the original frame forming path, solves the warping deformation generated by multiple thermal cycles of the substrate in the forming process by adopting the forming method of symmetrical forming and setting the offset at the cross points of the grid frame, ensures the flatness of the thin-wall frame structure with a plurality of grid cross points in the forming process and avoids the height difference of the cross points after multiple melting and stacking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, relates to a manufacturing method of a grid frame, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a grid frame structure by using an arc fuse additive.
Background
Additive manufacturing Technology (Additive manufacturing Technology), also known as 3D printing, implements integral rapid prototyping of component structures by a layer-by-layer superposition principle, which is considered to be the "fourth industrial revolution" in which technologies such as digitization Technology, computer Technology, material science, and machining are integrated. The metal material additive manufacturing technology mainly comprises an electric arc, a laser and an electron beam according to the heat source form, the raw materials are usually two types of powder and wire materials, and the parts are quickly formed mainly in the forms of powder feeding, wire feeding or powder laying. At present, the metal material additive manufacturing technology mainly includes Selective Laser Melting (SLM), selective Electron Beam Melting (EBM), electron beam fused deposition (EBAM), laser Stereolithography (LSF), and the like.
The Wire and arc additive manufacturing technology (WAAM) for metal materials is an additive manufacturing method in which a metal Wire is melted and deposited by side Wire feeding or coaxial Wire feeding using a welding arc as a heat source. Compared with the additive manufacturing technology using laser and electron beams as heat sources, the electric arc additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high deposition efficiency, high material utilization rate, short forming period, low manufacturing cost, high flexibility degree, less limitation on the size of parts, capability of being used for repairing the parts and the like. At present, the arc fuse additive manufacturing technology mainly includes Metal Inert Gas (MIG), tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), plasma Arc Welding (PAW), etc., wherein a Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) technology obtained by changing a wire feeding manner is largely used for the additive manufacturing of Metal materials due to its low heat input on the basis of the MIG.
Arc fuse additive manufacturing technology is considered to be a very potential additive manufacturing technology due to its high forming efficiency, high material utilization, and low cost. However, the arc spot area is large, the molten pool is wide, the heat input is high, and the substrate is easily deformed by heating in the forming process, so that the thicker substrate needs to be used for forming, and the waste of materials is caused to a certain extent. Secondly, the number of intersection points of the grid frame structure is large, in the process of melt accumulation, the intersection points are subjected to twice or even multiple melt accumulation due to unreasonable path planning, certain height difference is generated, along with accumulation of accumulation height, the height difference is increased, the appearance quality of a formed part is poor, and even the forming process is interrupted. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a new method for manufacturing an arc fuse additive material needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a grid frame structure by using an arc fuse additive, which successfully overcomes the buckling deformation of a thin substrate caused by multiple thermal cycles in the forming process and ensures that a thin-wall frame structure with a plurality of grid cross points is highly flat in the forming process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing a grid frame structure by arc fuse additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for manufacturing the grid frame structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least comprises the steps of forming a first grid frame layer; the forming of the first grid frame layer includes at least a first melt-deposition path and a second melt-deposition path; the first melt deposition path and the second melt deposition path are arranged oppositely; the location at which the first and second fused deposition paths are adjacent is a first intersection of the first grid frame layer; the weld bead of the first melt deposition path and the weld bead of the second melt deposition path at the first intersection point are non-contacting.
The first melting and stacking path is V-shaped or W-shaped; when the first melting and stacking path is in a V shape, the second melting and stacking path is in an inverted V shape and is arranged back to back with the first melting and stacking path in the V shape; when the first melting and stacking path is W-shaped, the second melting and stacking path is M-shaped and arranged back to back with the W-shaped first melting and stacking path.
When the first melting and stacking path is W-shaped, the second melting and stacking path also comprises an extension section path which is connected with the M-shaped second melting and stacking path end to end; the whole extension section path is W-shaped, and the W-shaped extension section path is opposite to the M-shaped second melting and stacking path; the extended run path is adjacent to the second melt deposition path at a second intersection of the first grid frame layer, the weld bead of the second melt deposition path and the weld bead of the extended run path at the second intersection being non-contacting.
The first grid frame layer further includes a third melt-deposition path disposed opposite the extension path.
The third melt deposition path has a forming path opposite to the forming path of the first melt deposition path.
The third melting and stacking path is M-shaped and is arranged back to back with the extending section path in the W shape; the location where the extension path and the third melt-stacking path are adjacent is a third intersection of the first grid frame layer; the bead of the extension path and the bead of the third melt build-up path at the third intersection are non-contacting.
A distance between the first melt-deposition path and the second melt-deposition path at the first intersection of the first mesh frame layer is L 1 (ii) a A distance between the second melt-deposition path and the extension path at the second intersection of the first grid frame layer is L 2 (ii) a A distance between the run path and the third melt-deposition path at the third intersection of the first grid frame layer is L 3 (ii) a The width of the weld bead of the first fusion deposition path, the width of the weld bead of the second fusion deposition path, the width of the weld bead of the extension path and the width of the weld bead of the third fusion deposition path are all the same and are marked as L; said L 1 ＝L 2 ＝L 3 ＝1/5～1/3L。
The method for manufacturing the grid frame structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least comprises the steps of forming a second grid frame layer on the basis of the first grid frame layer; the fused deposition path of the second grid frame layer is perpendicular to the fused deposition path of the first grid frame layer.
The method for manufacturing the grid frame structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least comprises the following steps: a step of forming a third mesh frame layer on the basis of the second mesh frame layer by the forming method of the first mesh frame layer; the fused deposition path of the third grid frame layer is perpendicular to the fused deposition path of the second grid frame layer.
The method for manufacturing the grid frame structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least comprises the following steps: forming a fourth grid framework layer on the basis of the third grid framework layer by using a forming method of the second grid framework layer until an integral network framework structure is formed; the melt deposition path of the fourth grid frame layer is perpendicular to the melt deposition path of the third grid frame layer.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a method for manufacturing a grid frame structure by arc fuse additive manufacturing, which changes an original frame forming path, solves the warping deformation generated by multiple thermal cycles in the forming process of a substrate by adopting a symmetrical forming method and arranging offset at the cross points of the grid frame, simultaneously ensures the flatness of a thin-wall frame structure with a plurality of grid cross points in the forming process, and avoids the height difference of the cross points after multiple melting and stacking. In addition, the inflection point angle of the grid is controllable, and the grid framework structure in different forms can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grid framework arc fuse stack forming odd layer stack path;
FIG. 2 is a grid frame structure arc fuse stack forming even number of layers of stack paths;
the frame structure in the example of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a grid framework structure by arc fuse additive manufacturing, which at least comprises a step of forming a first grid framework layer; the forming of the first grid frame layer includes at least a first fused deposition path and a second fused deposition path; the first melting and stacking path and the second melting and stacking path are both started by an end point at one side of the grid framework structure, melting and stacking are carried out along the periphery of the structure, and arc is extinguished by the other end point at the same side of the grid framework structure; the first melt deposition path and the second melt deposition path are arranged oppositely; the position at which the first melt-deposition path and the second melt-deposition path are adjacent is a first intersection of the first grid frame layer; the weld bead of the first melt deposition path and the weld bead of the second melt deposition path at the first intersection point are non-contacting.
The first melting and stacking path is V-shaped or W-shaped; when the first melting and stacking path is in a V shape, the second melting and stacking path is in an inverted V shape and is arranged back to back with the first melting and stacking path in the V shape; when the first melting and stacking path is W-shaped, the second melting and stacking path is M-shaped and is arranged back-to-back with the W-shaped first melting and stacking path.
When the first melting and stacking path is W-shaped, the second melting and stacking path also comprises an extension section path which is connected with the M-shaped second melting and stacking path end to end; the whole extension section path is W-shaped, and the W-shaped extension section path and the M-shaped second fusion stacking path are oppositely arranged; the extended run path is adjacent to the second melt deposition path at a second intersection of the first grid frame layer, the weld bead of the second melt deposition path and the weld bead of the extended run path at the second intersection being non-contacting.
The first grid frame layer further includes a third melt-deposition path disposed opposite the extension path.
The forming path of the third melt deposition path is opposite to the forming path of the first melt deposition path.
The third melting and stacking path is in an M shape and is arranged back to back with the extending section path in a W shape; the location where the extension path and the third fused deposition path are adjacent is a third intersection of the first grid frame layer; the weld bead of the extension path at the third intersection point is non-contacting the weld bead of the third melt buildup path.
A distance between the first melt-deposition path and the second melt-deposition path at the first intersection of the first grid frame layer is L 1 (ii) a The distance between the second melt-deposition path and the run path at the second intersection of the first grid frame layer is L 2 (ii) a The distance between the run path at the third intersection of the first grid frame layer and the third melt-deposition path is L 3 (ii) a The width of the weld bead of the first fusion deposition path, the width of the weld bead of the second fusion deposition path, the width of the weld bead of the extension path and the width of the weld bead of the third fusion deposition path are all the same and are marked as L; l is 1 ＝L 2 ＝L 3 ＝1/5～1/3L。
The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing of a grid frame structure further comprises at least the step of shaping a second grid frame layer on the basis of the first grid frame layer; the melt-deposition path of the second mesh frame layer is perpendicular to the melt-deposition path of the first mesh frame layer.
The method for the additive manufacturing of the grid framework structure by the arc fuse at least comprises the following steps: a step of forming a third mesh frame layer on the basis of the second mesh frame layer by the forming method of the first mesh frame layer; the melt-deposition path of the third mesh frame layer is perpendicular to the melt-deposition path of the second mesh frame layer.
The method for the additive manufacturing of the grid framework structure by the arc fuse at least comprises the following steps: forming a fourth grid framework layer on the basis of the third grid framework layer by using a forming method of the second grid framework layer until an integral network framework structure is formed; the melt-deposition path of the fourth mesh frame layer and the melt-deposition path of the third mesh frame layer are perpendicular to each other.
The first grid frame layer can be expanded according to parts and is not necessarily two fusion stacking paths or three fusion stacking paths, and the grid frame structure determines the number of the grid frames according to the height of the parts and the forming height of a single layer.
Specifically, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a grid framework structure by an arc fuse additive, which comprises the following steps:
1) Starting arc at the end point of one side of the grid frame structure, performing fusion accumulation along the periphery of the structure, and extinguishing arc at the other end point of the same side of the grid frame structure;
2) Symmetrically, starting arc at one end point of the other side of the grid framework structure, performing fusion accumulation along the periphery of the side, and extinguishing arc at the other end point of the side of the grid framework structure;
3) The middle part of the grid frame structure arcs along one end point, winds the frame structure for a circle, and returns to the starting point to be quenched;
4) And (3) after the first-layer network frame is formed, repeating the steps 1) to 3), forming a second-layer network frame on the first-layer network frame, forming a third-layer network frame on the second-layer network frame after the second-layer network frame is formed, and so on until an integral network frame structure is formed.
Wherein: in the step 1) and the step 2), the forming paths of the two sides of the same layer of the periphery of the frame are opposite, in the step 3), the forming of the middle part of the frame adopts a loop-type forming method, the times of arc extinction and arc starting are reduced, the size difference caused by different arc starting and arc extinction forming mechanisms is reduced, and meanwhile, the forming time is also saved. In order to avoid the crossover point experiencing multiple melt accumulations, creating height differences, affecting the size of the part, an offset L should be set between adjacent deposition paths at the crossover point. The size of L is related to the width of the weld bead and the size at the intersection of the frame structure. In the case of ensuring the machining allowance and the size of the part, the offset L between adjacent deposition paths is generally about 1/5 to 1/3 of the width of the weld bead. During the part deposition process, the deposition paths of the odd layers (see fig. 1) and the even layers (see fig. 2) are perpendicular to each other. In the deposition path, the inflection angle of the grid is controllable, so that different forms of network frame structures can be met.
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Taking the example of printing the titanium alloy frame structure shown in fig. 3 by plasma arc additive manufacturing technology, the specific operation steps are as follows:
1) Choose to use
The TC4 welding wire is used as a deposition material, and the process parameters used in the forming process of the structural part are determined through test tests: the welding current is 180A, the welding speed is 300mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 3m/min;
2) Melting and accumulating the process parameters determined in the step 1) on one side of the network frame structure along a path 1;
3) Symmetrically, melt-stacking along path 2 on the other side of the lattice-frame structure;
4) For the middle part of the network frame, the fused deposition is carried out along the path 3 and the path 4, and it is noted that when the path 3 and the path 4 meet at the intersection point a, an offset of 3mm is reserved to relieve the height difference (compared with other parts of the same-layer frame) generated after the point undergoes two fused depositions; the intersections of path 3 and path 1 are connected together, and this is done to reduce the number of arc-quenching and arcing, with one path being formed directly, except for the offset distance set at point a.
5) And after the first-layer network frame is formed, raising the welding gun by a layer thickness, repeating the steps 2) to 4), forming a second-layer network frame on the first-layer network frame, forming a third-layer network frame on the second-layer network frame after the second-layer network frame is formed, and so on until an integral network frame structure is formed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing a grid frame structure by arc fuse additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for manufacturing the grid frame structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least comprises the steps of forming a first grid frame layer; the forming of the first grid frame layer includes at least a first fused deposition path and a second fused deposition path; the first melt deposition path and the second melt deposition path are oppositely arranged; the location at which the first and second fused deposition paths are adjacent is a first intersection of the first grid frame layer; the weld bead of the first molten build-up path and the weld bead of the second molten build-up path at the first intersection point are non-contacting; a distance between the first melt-deposition path and the second melt-deposition path at the first intersection of the first mesh frame layer is L 1 (ii) a The width of the weld bead of the first fusion deposition path is the same as that of the second fusion deposition path and is marked as L; said L 1 ＝1/5～1/3L；
The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing of a grid frame structure further comprises at least the step of shaping a second grid frame layer on the basis of the first grid frame layer; the fused deposition path of the second grid frame layer is perpendicular to the fused deposition path of the first grid frame layer.
2. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing of grid frame structure according to claim 1, wherein: the first melting and stacking path is V-shaped or W-shaped; when the first melting and stacking path is V-shaped, the second melting and stacking path is inverted V-shaped and is arranged back to back with the V-shaped first melting and stacking path; when the first melting and stacking path is W-shaped, the second melting and stacking path is M-shaped and arranged back to back with the W-shaped first melting and stacking path.
3. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing a grid frame structure of claim 2, wherein: when the first melting and stacking path is W-shaped, the second melting and stacking path also comprises an extension section path which is connected with the M-shaped second melting and stacking path end to end; the whole extension section path is W-shaped, and the W-shaped extension section path is opposite to the M-shaped second melting and stacking path; the extended run path is adjacent to the second melt deposition path at a second intersection of the first grid frame layer, the weld bead of the second melt deposition path and the weld bead of the extended run path at the second intersection being non-contacting.
4. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing of grid frame structure of claim 3, wherein: the first grid frame layer further includes a third melt-deposition path disposed opposite the extension path.
5. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing of grid frame structure of claim 4, wherein: the third melt deposition pathway has a forming pathway opposite to the forming pathway of the first melt deposition pathway.
6. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing a grid frame structure of claim 5, wherein: the third melting and stacking path is M-shaped and is arranged back to back with the extending section path in the W shape; the location where the extension path and the third melt-stacking path are adjacent is a third intersection of the first grid frame layer; the bead of the extension path and the bead of the third melt build-up path at the third intersection are non-contacting.
7. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing a grid frame structure of claim 6, wherein: a distance between a second melt-deposition path and an extension path at a second intersection of the first grid frame layerIs L 2 (ii) a A distance between the run path at the third intersection of the first grid frame layer and the third melt-deposition path is L 3 (ii) a The weld bead width of the first fusion deposition path, the weld bead width of the extension section path and the weld bead width of the third fusion deposition path are the same and are marked as L; said L 1 ＝L 2 ＝L 3 ＝1/5～1/3L。
8. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing a grid frame structure according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the method for manufacturing the grid framework structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least further comprises the following steps: a step of forming a third mesh frame layer on the basis of the second mesh frame layer by the forming method of the first mesh frame layer; the fused deposition path of the third grid frame layer is perpendicular to the fused deposition path of the second grid frame layer.
9. The method of arc fuse additive manufacturing of grid frame structure of claim 8, wherein: the method for manufacturing the grid framework structure by the arc fuse additive manufacturing at least further comprises the following steps: forming a fourth grid framework layer on the basis of the third grid framework layer by using a forming method of the second grid framework layer until an integral network framework structure is formed; the melt deposition path of the fourth grid frame layer is perpendicular to the melt deposition path of the third grid frame layer.
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