CN111715879A - Method for preparing various grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing - Google Patents

Method for preparing various grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111715879A
CN111715879A CN202010697214.4A CN202010697214A CN111715879A CN 111715879 A CN111715879 A CN 111715879A CN 202010697214 A CN202010697214 A CN 202010697214A CN 111715879 A CN111715879 A CN 111715879A
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Prior art keywords
printing
workpiece
substrate
wall thickness
preparing
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CN202010697214.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王学才
顾凯
施春宇
孙明丰
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Suzhou Sanfeng Laser Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Sanfeng Laser Technology Co ltd
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    • B22F1/0003
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248Thermal after-treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing various grid components with ultrathin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing, which comprises the following steps: preparing alloy powder, preparing a substrate, and performing sand blasting treatment on the upper surface of the substrate; taking out the substrate and then installing the substrate in 3D printing equipment for leveling; filling protective gas into the 3D printing equipment, starting the substrate for preheating, and adding alloy powder into a powder storage device of the 3D printing equipment; constructing a workpiece model, carrying out transverse slicing processing on the workpiece model, and then endowing corresponding printing parameters to slices with different wall thicknesses in the workpiece; printing the workpieces layer by layer, and after printing is finished, continuously supplementing protective gas into the 3D printing equipment until the temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature; the workpiece is taken out of the 3D printing equipment, high-temperature treatment is carried out, the whole workpiece is separated from the substrate after the workpiece is cooled and taken out, and for the printed grid component, the wall thickness is accurate, the performance is good, the surface roughness is low, and the deformation of the workpiece is greatly reduced.

Description

Method for preparing various grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing various grid components with ultrathin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing.
Background
Most of traditional ultrathin wall thickness grid components are manufactured in an inserting mode, and sheets need to be inserted into corresponding positions one by one and are bonded through adhesives. However, with the development of products, 3d products appear, the traditional insert sheet preparation method is not used for trial, the position precision of the products cannot be guaranteed, the preparation process is complicated, and the bonding performance of the insert sheet is poor.
The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is used for rapidly melting a layer of metal powder which is laid in advance by using a precisely focused laser spot, and almost directly obtaining functional parts with any shapes and complete metallurgical bonding. The method is mainly used for producing key parts with high melting point, complex components, small batch and high added value, and particularly when the technology is used for preparing grid components with various wall thicknesses, the production period is short, the product performance of metallurgical bonding is achieved, the forming precision is greatly improved, the design is not limited by the processing capacity, and the like, so that the technology is a rapid forming technology with great development prospect.
Generally, the same technological parameters are usually adopted when the laser selective melting metal 3D printing technology is used for printing different wall thicknesses, and the energy is higher when the technological parameters of a printing entity are used for printing thin-wall parts, so that the printed workpieces are seriously deformed at the thinner parts of the wall thicknesses and even cannot be well formed. Research shows that when the wall thickness is smaller than 1mm, different process parameters are required to be adopted for controlling the deformation amount of the thinner part of the wall thickness of the workpiece, and meanwhile, the quality and the printing efficiency of the whole workpiece are improved. There is a need to distinguish and assign different process length parameters when printing a workpiece using selective laser melting 3D printing techniques.
The existing metal 3D printing technology cannot distinguish different wall thickness areas in a workpiece when the workpiece is prepared by using the laser selective melting metal 3D printing technology, and cannot endow different process parameters to the different wall thickness areas, so that the 3D printing workpiece has large deformation and the quality cannot be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method for preparing the grid component with various ultrathin wall thicknesses by adopting 3D printing is provided, and particularly relates to a grid component with different wall thicknesses and a cross structure, the printed workpiece has the advantages of accurate wall thickness, good performance, low surface roughness and greatly reduced workpiece deformability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preparing a plurality of grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing alloy powder, and placing the alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for dehumidification and drying;
step 2: preparing a substrate, and performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of one side of the substrate, which is to be subjected to 3D printing;
and step 3: taking out the substrate, installing the substrate in 3D printing equipment, and leveling;
and 4, step 4: filling protective gas into the 3D printing equipment, starting the substrate for preheating, and adding the alloy powder subjected to dehumidification and drying in the step 1 into a powder storage device of the 3D printing equipment;
and 5: constructing a workpiece model, carrying out transverse slicing processing on the workpiece model, and then endowing corresponding printing parameters to slices with different wall thicknesses in the workpiece;
step 6: starting to print the workpieces layer by layer, and continuing to supplement protective gas into the 3D printing equipment after printing is finished until the temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
and 7: and taking the printed workpiece out of the 3D printing equipment, putting the workpiece into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for high-temperature treatment, taking the workpiece out after cooling the furnace, and separating the whole workpiece from the substrate.
Preferably, the alloy powder in the step 1 is a tungsten-iron-nickel alloy powder, wherein the content of W in the tungsten-iron-nickel alloy powder is 75% to 90%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the substrate in the step 2 is a tungsten-iron-nickel alloy substrate.
As a preferable technical scheme, the material for sand blasting in the step 2 is carborundum, the sand blasting pressure is 0.4 MPa-0.6 MPa, and after the sand blasting is finished, the substrate is taken out and wiped clean by absolute ethyl alcohol and dust-free cloth for later use.
As a preferable technical scheme, the leveling requirement in the step 3 is that the height difference of four corners of the substrate relative to the horizontal plane is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the preheating temperature of the substrate in the step 4 is 70-150 ℃.
As a preferred technical solution, the method for constructing the workpiece model in step 5 is as follows:
step a: taking grid components with different wall thicknesses and in crisscross distribution as a workpiece model;
step b: all entities with the wall thickness of less than 1mm in the X direction are separated to form an independent workpiece, and then corresponding printing parameters are given;
step c: all entities with the wall thickness of less than 1mm in the Y direction are separated to form an independent workpiece, and then corresponding printing parameters are given;
step d: and separating the entity with the wall thickness of more than or equal to 1mm to form an independent workpiece, and then giving corresponding printing parameters.
As a preferable technical scheme, the thickness of the slicing layer in the step 5 is 0.024mm-0.06 mm.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention provides a method for preparing various ultrathin-wall-thickness grid components by adopting 3D printing, which solves the problems of large deformation, uncontrollable deformation, large precision error, poor performance and the like of a workpiece when a thin-wall region exists in one workpiece in metal 3D printing, distinguishes different wall thicknesses, endows different process parameters, ensures that the printed workpiece has accurate wall thickness, good performance, low surface roughness and greatly reduced workpiece deformability, and particularly has advantages in the field of workpieces with thin (less than or equal to 0.3mm) wall thickness and high precision requirements in 3D printing.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grid member printed using a prior art method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a grid member after printing using the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a prior art method after printing a small size grid;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a small-sized grid printed by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention verifies the printing effect by using a specific embodiment and a specific preparation process to illustrate the necessity and superiority of the invention in preparing workpieces with different wall thicknesses, and particularly has more advantages in the field of 3D printing of workpieces with thin wall thickness (the wall thickness is less than or equal to 0.3mm) and high precision requirement. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings so that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood by those skilled in the art and the protected aspects of the invention will be more clearly defined.
Example (b): a method for preparing a plurality of grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing 20 kilograms of tungsten iron nickel alloy powder, wherein the content of W in the tungsten iron nickel alloy powder is 75-90 percent, and the rest is the content of iron and nickel, and placing the tungsten iron nickel alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for dehumidifying and drying for 2-5 hours, wherein the drying temperature is set to 70-100 ℃;
step 2: preparing a wolfram iron nickel alloy substrate, performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of one side of the wolfram iron nickel alloy substrate to be subjected to 3D printing, wherein the sand blasting material is carborundum, the sand blasting pressure is 0.4-0.6 MPa, and after the sand blasting is finished, taking out the substrate, and wiping the substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol and dust-free cloth for later use;
and step 3: taking out the substrate, installing the substrate in 3D printing equipment, and leveling, wherein the leveling requirement is that the height difference of four corners of the substrate relative to a horizontal plane is less than or equal to 0.1 mm;
and 4, step 4: wiping up field lenses of a 3D printing equipment building bin by using absolute ethyl alcohol and dust-free cloth, closing a building bin door of the 3D printing equipment, filling protective gas into the 3D printing equipment, starting a substrate for preheating at the temperature of 70-150 ℃, and adding the alloy powder subjected to dehumidification and drying in the step 1 into a powder storage device of the 3D printing equipment;
and 5: constructing a workpiece model, importing the workpiece model into control software of 3D printing equipment, carrying out transverse slicing processing on the workpiece model, and then endowing corresponding printing parameters to slices with different wall thicknesses in the workpiece;
in this embodiment, the selected workpiece has several different wall thicknesses and is distributed in a cross shape: 0.1mmX direction (X direction of the workpiece is the longer side direction of the workpiece), 0.1mmY direction (Y direction of the workpiece is the shorter side direction of the workpiece), 0.17mmX direction, 0.21mmY direction, and workpiece entity of more than or equal to 1 mm.
The present embodiment print parameter settings are as follows:
1. after the 0.1mmX direction, 0.1mmY direction wall thickness solid is separated into individual parts, parameters for printing a 0.1mm wall thickness workpiece are given during printing, and the parameters for printing the 0.1mm wall thickness workpiece are as follows: the laser power P is 110W, the scanning speed V is 1200mm/s, and the scanning offset is 0.04 mm.
2. After the 0.17mmX direction wall thickness solid is separated into individual parts, parameters for printing a workpiece with the wall thickness of 0.17mm are given during printing, and the parameters for printing the workpiece with the wall thickness of 0.17mm are as follows: the laser power P is 120W, the scanning speed V is 1200mm/s, and the scanning offset is 0.06 mm.
3. After the 0.21mmX direction and 0.21mmY direction wall thickness solid body is separated into individual parts, parameters for printing a workpiece with the wall thickness of 0.21mm are given during printing, and the parameters for printing the workpiece with the wall thickness of 0.21mm are as follows: the laser power P was 140W, the scanning speed V was 1200mm/s, and the scanning offset was 0.07 mm.
4. After an entity with the wall thickness of more than or equal to 1mm is separated into independent parts, parameters of a printing entity workpiece are given during printing, and the parameters of the printing entity workpiece are as follows: the laser power P is 220W, the scanning speed V is 1200mm/s, the scanning offset is 0.08mm, and the filling distance HD is 0.08 mm.
The embodiment clearly distinguishes the different size areas of the workpiece and divides the different size areas into the separate areas, so that the printing of the areas is endowed with more suitable parameters, the printing by the same process is avoided, and the performance and the size precision of the workpiece are improved.
Step 6: starting to print the workpieces layer by layer, and continuing to supplement protective gas into the 3D printing equipment after printing is finished until the temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
the specific method for printing the workpiece layer by layer is as follows: when the substrate is preheated to reach a set temperature and the oxygen content in the constructed bin is less than or equal to 500ppm, setting the powder spreading amount to be 2rad, starting to print the workpiece, spreading a first layer of powder by a powder spreading mechanism, scanning the first layer by laser, descending the substrate by one layer thickness (the thickness of a slicing layer is 0.024mm-0.06mm), spreading a second layer of powder by the powder spreading mechanism in a moving way, scanning the second layer by laser, descending the substrate by one layer thickness (the thickness of the slicing layer is 0.024mm-0.06mm) until the last layer is printed with the complete workpiece.
And 7: taking out the printed workpiece from the 3D printing equipment, cleaning the residual powder on the surface and inside the workpiece by the residual powder cleaning equipment, putting the workpiece into a vacuum heat treatment furnace, heating the workpiece to 200-500 ℃ along with the furnace, keeping the temperature for 0.5-3 h, cooling the furnace, taking out the workpiece, separating the whole workpiece from the substrate by using slow wire walking equipment, and measuring the size of the workpiece by using quadratic element measuring equipment.
The printing effect of this embodiment is as shown in fig. 1 to 4, where fig. 1 shows that, without using the method of the present invention, all wall thickness regions are printed by using one process parameter, which easily causes the printing failure of the structure in the wall thickness region of 0.1 mm; FIG. 2 shows a successful printing of a full structure workpiece including a 0.1mm critical wall thickness structure using the method of the present invention; fig. 3 shows that all wall thickness areas are printed by using one process parameter without using the method of the present invention, and when a small-sized grid is printed, the galvanometer needs to be frequently deflected, and the laser needs to be frequently turned on and off, which easily causes the printed grid to have a non-straight right angle, a round angle and deformation, and a rapid performance reduction. Fig. 4 shows that the method of the present invention is adopted to successfully print a complete grid structure, and the grid structure has clear right angles, no smooth transition, high precision and further improved performance.
Table 1 shows the comparison of the dimensional accuracy of the different wall thickness regions:
Figure BDA0002591615060000051
as can be seen from the above table 1, after the different wall thickness regions and the printing process parameters of the workpiece are distinguished, the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece is greatly improved.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing a plurality of grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing alloy powder, and placing the alloy powder in a vacuum drying oven for dehumidification and drying;
step 2: preparing a substrate, and performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of one side of the substrate, which is to be subjected to 3D printing;
and step 3: taking out the substrate, installing the substrate in 3D printing equipment, and leveling;
and 4, step 4: filling protective gas into the 3D printing equipment, starting the substrate for preheating, and adding the alloy powder subjected to dehumidification and drying in the step 1 into a powder storage device of the 3D printing equipment;
and 5: constructing a workpiece model, carrying out transverse slicing processing on the workpiece model, and then endowing corresponding printing parameters to slices with different wall thicknesses in the workpiece;
step 6: starting to print the workpieces layer by layer, and continuing to supplement protective gas into the 3D printing equipment after printing is finished until the temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
and 7: and taking the printed workpiece out of the 3D printing equipment, putting the workpiece into a vacuum heat treatment furnace for high-temperature treatment, taking the workpiece out after cooling the furnace, and separating the whole workpiece from the substrate.
2. The method for preparing a plurality of ultra-thin wall thickness grid members by 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the alloy powder in the step 1 is W-Fe-Ni alloy powder, wherein the W content in the W-Fe-Ni alloy powder is 75-90%.
3. The method for preparing a plurality of grid members with ultra-thin wall thickness by 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the substrate in step 2 is a W-Fe-Ni alloy substrate.
4. The method for preparing a plurality of grid members with ultra-thin wall thickness by 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material for blasting sand in step 2 is silicon carbide, the pressure of blasting sand is 0.4 MPa-0.6 MPa, and after the blasting sand is finished, the substrate is taken out and wiped clean by absolute ethyl alcohol and dust-free cloth for standby.
5. The method for manufacturing a plurality of ultra thin wall thickness grid members using 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leveling requirement in step 3 is that the height difference of four corners of the base plate with respect to the horizontal plane is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
6. The method for preparing a plurality of grid members with ultra-thin wall thickness by 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the substrate in the step 4 is 70-150 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a plurality of grid members with ultra-thin wall thickness by using 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the workpiece model in step 5 is as follows:
step a: taking grid components with different wall thicknesses and in crisscross distribution as a workpiece model;
step b: all entities with the wall thickness of less than 1mm in the X direction are separated to form an independent workpiece, and then corresponding printing parameters are given;
step c: all entities with the wall thickness of less than 1mm in the Y direction are separated to form an independent workpiece, and then corresponding printing parameters are given;
step d: and separating the entity with the wall thickness of more than or equal to 1mm to form an independent workpiece, and then giving corresponding printing parameters.
8. The method of producing a plurality of ultra thin wall thickness grid members using 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slice layer thickness in step 5 is between 0.024mm and 0.06 mm.
CN202010697214.4A 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Method for preparing various grid components with ultra-thin wall thickness by adopting 3D printing Pending CN111715879A (en)

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CN112828421A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-25 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 Method for manufacturing grid frame structure by adding materials through arc fuses
CN116422906A (en) * 2023-03-03 2023-07-14 安庆瑞迈特科技有限公司 Method for improving performance of laser 3D printing tungsten and tungsten alloy grid

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CN112828421A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-25 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 Method for manufacturing grid frame structure by adding materials through arc fuses
CN116422906A (en) * 2023-03-03 2023-07-14 安庆瑞迈特科技有限公司 Method for improving performance of laser 3D printing tungsten and tungsten alloy grid

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Application publication date: 20200929