CN110883402A - Electric arc additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Electric arc additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110883402A CN110883402A CN201911229446.0A CN201911229446A CN110883402A CN 110883402 A CN110883402 A CN 110883402A CN 201911229446 A CN201911229446 A CN 201911229446A CN 110883402 A CN110883402 A CN 110883402A
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- path
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric arc additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting welding wires required by a formed structural part, and setting working parameters for restricting the forming width of the formed structural part; step 2: polishing the acid-washed substrate to be flat, wiping the substrate with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the substrate on a workbench to ensure the level of the substrate; and step 3: and (2) depositing the appearance of each layer of the forming component on the substrate according to the working parameters in the step (1), after the appearance is finished, using the forming process parameters and stacking the central blank area according to the composite path, finishing the deposition of the whole part layer by layer, and adopting a composite path planning method which pre-constrains the combination of additive appearance and intermediate multipath to ensure that the arc additive forming part can freely control the forming width, ensure the surface quality and reduce the final machining allowance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an electric arc additive manufacturing method.
Background
Compared with the existing laser additive (powder feeding) manufacturing technology, the electric arc additive manufacturing speed is high, the wire material utilization rate is high, the electric arc additive manufacturing technology is insensitive to metal materials, and materials with high laser reflectivity, such as aluminum alloy, copper alloy and the like, can be formed. Compared with the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing technology, the plasma arc/electric arc additive manufacturing does not need a vacuum chamber, the manufactured part is not limited by the size of the vacuum chamber, and the phenomenon of coarse grains caused by the slow cooling speed of the part in a vacuum environment can be avoided. More importantly, the electric arc material increasing equipment has low cost, high deposition efficiency and free and flexible operation, and is particularly suitable for metal parts with large structures and even super-large structures. But is not suitable for forming parts with particularly complex structures, and has low manufacturing precision and poor surface quality. Therefore, the method is only suitable for manufacturing blanks of large parts at present, and the surface machining allowance is large.
When the arc additive method is adopted to manufacture wider components, the wider components are generally manufactured by adopting a multi-channel lapping or swinging method, and the components manufactured by the two methods respectively have performance characteristics and surface textures in different directions. Without adjusting the welding parameters, the width of the lap joint is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the tracks, and the machining allowance cannot be freely and accurately controlled under the optimized technological parameters. If the development of the process parameters is repeated each time according to the width of the component, a large amount of work is also added.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method, which adopts a composite path planning method of pre-constraining additive appearance and intermediate multi-path combination to enable parts subjected to electric arc additive forming to realize free control of forming width, guarantee of surface quality and reduction of final machining allowance.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an arc additive manufacturing method, including the following steps:
step 1: selecting welding wires required by a formed structural part, and setting working parameters for restricting the forming width of the formed structural part;
step 2: polishing the acid-washed substrate to be flat, wiping the substrate with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the substrate on a workbench to ensure the level of the substrate;
and step 3: and (3) depositing the appearance of each layer of the forming component on the substrate according to the working parameters in the step (1), and after finishing the appearance, stacking the central blank area layer by using the forming process parameters according to the composite path.
Further, the working parameters are low-frequency pulse frequency of 10-30Hz, base current of 150-200A, pulse current of 90A, duty ratio of 50%, ultrasonic frequency of 20-60kHz, current of 60-90A, wire feeding speed of 180-300cm/min, welding speed of 20-40cm/min, single welding bead width of 6-10mm, machining allowance single side of 1-2mm, and height of 0.7-1.5 mm.
Furthermore, the composite path is a triangular broken line path with the width of 11-20mm, the total width of 15-30mm and the lap joint amount of 4-6 mm.
Furthermore, the composite path is a straight path on two sides and a square scanning path, the width of the square scanning path is 11-20mm, the total width is 15-30mm, and the overlapping amount is 4-6 mm.
Furthermore, the composite path comprises a plurality of straight paths and a broken line path, the width of the broken line path is 11-20mm, the total width is 19-36mm, and the overlapping amount is 4-6 mm.
Furthermore, the composite path is a straight path with two sides and a plurality of broken line paths, the width of the broken line paths is 11-20mm, the total width is 20-46mm, and the overlapping amount is 4-6 mm.
Further, high-purity argon is adopted to protect the front side of the structural part in the material increase process, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min.
In conclusion, the invention adopts a composite path planning method which pre-constrains the combination of additive appearance and intermediate multi-path, so that the arc additive forming part can freely control the forming width, ensure the surface quality and reduce the final machining allowance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional inter-lane lap path;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composite path being a two-sided straight path and a triangular broken line path;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite path being a two-sided straight path and a square scanning path;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a composite path comprising a plurality of straight paths and a plurality of broken paths;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the composite path being a two-sided straight path and a multi-fold path.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
An arc additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
step 1: selecting welding wires required by a formed structural part, and setting working parameters for restricting the forming width of the formed structural part;
step 2: polishing the acid-washed substrate to be flat, wiping the substrate with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the substrate on a workbench to ensure the level of the substrate;
and step 3: and (3) depositing the shape of the forming component on the substrate according to the working parameters in the step (1), and after the shape is finished, stacking the layers of the central blank area layer by using the forming process parameters and according to the composite path.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the working parameters are low-frequency pulse frequency of 10-30Hz, base current of 150-200A, pulse current of 90A, duty ratio of 50%, superaudio frequency pulse frequency of 20-60kHz, current of 60-90A, wire feeding speed of 180-300cm/min, welding speed of 20-40cm/min, and single welding pass width of 6-10 mm.
When using a conventional lap path between roads, as shown in fig. 1, the final width of the formed structure can be calculated according to equation one:
the formula I is as follows: w ═ D + (D- Δ D) x (n-1) - Δ W
Wherein: w is part thickness; Δ W-thickness machining allowance; d is the width of a single welding seam; n is the number of tracks; Δ D-amount of lap between lanes.
When D is determined, Δ D is also relatively fixed, and the final thickness is balanced by Δ W, which is uncertain for different thicknesses, by simply changing n to adjust the forming width.
As an embodiment of the present invention, when the composite path is a straight path with two sides and a triangular broken line path, the final width of the formed structural member can be calculated according to the formula two:
the formula II is as follows: w is 2D + B-2 Δ D- Δ W
Wherein: w is part thickness; Δ W-thickness machining allowance; d is the width of a single welding seam;
when D is determined, the delta D is relatively fixed, the thickness of the part can be freely adjusted only by changing the swing width B, and the delta W can also be fixed.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the composite path is a triangular broken line path with the width of 11-20mm, the total width of 15-30mm and the lap joint amount of 4-6 mm.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the composite path is a straight path with two sides and a square scanning path, the square scanning width is 11-20mm, the total width is 15-30mm, and the lap joint amount is 4-6 mm.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the composite path is a plurality of straight paths and a broken line path, the width of the triangular broken line path is 11-20mm, the total width is 19-36mm, and the overlapping amount is 4-6 mm.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the composite path is a straight path with two sides and a multi-fold path, the width of the triangular fold path is 11-20mm, the total width is 20-46mm, and the lap joint amount is 4-6 mm.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, high-purity argon is adopted to carry out front protection on a structural member in the material adding process, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min.
Example 1: when the additive manufacturing of a stainless steel rectangular structural part with the thickness of 24mm needs to be processed, a composite path combining two side straight paths and a triangular broken line path is adopted for forming, the working parameters are low-frequency pulse frequency of 10-30Hz, base value current of 150-200A, pulse current of 90A, duty ratio of 50%, super-audio frequency pulse frequency of 20-60kHz, current of 60-90A, wire feeding speed of 180-300cm/min, welding speed of 20-40cm/min, single welding bead width of 10mm, machining allowance of 1mm on one side and height of 1.1-1.5 mm; the path width of the triangular broken line is 14mm, and the lap joint quantity is 4 mm; adopting high-purity argon for front protection, wherein the flow rate is 15-25L/min; and (3) performing cyclic reciprocating arc additive forming according to the arc additive path and forming process parameters of the graph 2 to obtain a high-temperature alloy structural part blank with the length of 180mm, the width of 26mm and the height of 50mm, wherein the machining allowance on one side is 1 mm.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference is made to the description of the apparatus embodiments in part. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps described above and shown in the figures. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An arc additive manufacturing method, comprising the steps of:
step 1: selecting welding wires required by a formed structural part, and setting working parameters for restricting the forming width of the formed structural part;
step 2: polishing the acid-washed substrate to be flat, wiping the substrate with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and fixing the substrate on a workbench to ensure the level of the substrate;
and step 3: and (3) depositing the outer shape of each layer of the forming component on the substrate according to the working parameters in the step (1), and after the outer shape is finished, using the forming process parameters and stacking the central blank area layer by layer according to the composite path.
2. The electric arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the operating parameters are low frequency pulse frequency 10-30Hz, base current 150-200A, pulse current 90A, duty ratio 50%, supersonic frequency 20-60kHz, current 60-90A, wire feeding speed 180-300cm/min, welding speed 20-40cm/min, single pass width 6-10mm, machining allowance single side 1-2mm, single layer height 0.7-1.5 mm.
3. An arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said composite path is a two-sided straight path and a triangular broken line path.
4. The arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the composite path has a triangular broken line path width of 11-20mm, a total width of 15-30mm, and an overlap amount of 4-6 mm.
5. The arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the composite path is a two-sided straight path and a square scanning path, the width of the square scanning path is 11-20mm, the total width is 15-30mm, and the overlapping amount is 4-6 mm.
6. The electric arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the composite path comprises a plurality of straight paths and a plurality of broken line paths, the width of each broken line path is 11-20mm, the total width of each broken line path is 19-36mm, and the overlapping amount of each broken line path is 4-6 mm.
7. The electric arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the composite path is a two-side straight path and a multi-fold line path, the width of the fold line path is 11-20mm, the total width is 20-46mm, and the overlapping amount is 4-6 mm.
8. The arc additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein a structural member is protected from the front side by high-purity argon in the additive manufacturing process, and the gas flow rate is 15-25L/min.
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| CN201911229446.0A CN110883402A (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-04 | Electric arc additive manufacturing method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112276296A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-29 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Path planning method for improving internal quality of arc additive structural part |
| CN112828421A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing grid frame structure by adding materials through arc fuses |
| CN115194295A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Arc fuse forming process of MoNbTaW high-temperature-resistant high-entropy alloy and application thereof |
| CN117300318A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 陕西鼎益科技有限公司 | Molten pool intermediate transition multi-ring cladding material-increasing printing method and system |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112276296A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-29 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Path planning method for improving internal quality of arc additive structural part |
| CN112828421A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing grid frame structure by adding materials through arc fuses |
| CN115194295A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Arc fuse forming process of MoNbTaW high-temperature-resistant high-entropy alloy and application thereof |
| CN115194295B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-05-31 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Arc fuse forming process of MoNbTaW high-temperature-resistant high-entropy alloy and application thereof |
| CN117300318A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 陕西鼎益科技有限公司 | Molten pool intermediate transition multi-ring cladding material-increasing printing method and system |
| CN117300318B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-03-15 | 陕西鼎益科技有限公司 | Molten pool intermediate transition multi-ring cladding material-increasing printing method and system |
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