CN112826556A - 一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计 - Google Patents

一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计 Download PDF

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CN112826556A
CN112826556A CN202110237815.1A CN202110237815A CN112826556A CN 112826556 A CN112826556 A CN 112826556A CN 202110237815 A CN202110237815 A CN 202110237815A CN 112826556 A CN112826556 A CN 112826556A
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葛步军
周金哲
马少泽
黄琦
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Shanghai Tongji Hospital
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计,所述长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计包括腔内装置、装置附带乳胶套和肠外固定中空管;所述腔内装置由87.5%聚乙二醇酸和12.5%硫酸钡构建,装置壁厚0.3‑0.5cm,中空环状结构,有多种直径规格,头段收集部呈喇叭状,内腔直径小于头部,内侧面光滑,并附有防降解涂层;所述装置附带乳胶套主体与腔内装置外表面融为一体,喇叭部增厚外延,减少对肠粘膜的损伤,装置尾侧乳胶套长度有多种规格;所述肠外固定中空管材质由93%胶原蛋白,3%弹力蛋白和4%脂肪组成,来源于特定动物的肌腱组织,为天然原材料,采用生物原理制成。其优点表现在:能够长时间将肠内装置稳定固定于肠腔,可将危险病灶与肠内容物隔绝,具有多种医学用途。

Description

一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械及应用技术领域,具体地说,是一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计。
背景技术
消化道疾病(如憩室病、异物压迫、肿瘤)所致肠穿孔、梗阻需要手术患者逐年增多,其中部分需行临时性造口。针对中低位直肠癌行手术治疗患者,吻合口瘘作为术后严重的并发症,不仅影响围手术期死亡率,甚至可能增加局部复发风险,影响患者长期生存。随着中低位直肠癌治疗理念及手术技术的进步,保肛率有所提高,同时术后吻合口瘘的发生率也有所增加。保护性肠造口是防止吻合口瘘的最佳方法,疗效确切,但同样增加相关并发症的发生,此外还有肠造口并发症及二次还纳手术等对病人的打击。保护性肠造口的理论基础在于通过各种手术方式,实现肠道内容物的转流,即将近端肠内容物排出体外,避免进入远端肠管,保持吻合口处于无肠内容物通过的相对清洁及低张力状态,以期望减少症状性吻合口瘘的发生。究其实质,是将危险病灶(吻合口、穿孔修补处)与肠内容物隔绝,以利于其愈合。目前应用较广的可降解吻合环的降解时间一般为术后两周左右,而瘘的愈合时间一般在四周左右,若发生吻合口瘘,在瘘口未闭合前,吻合环已经发生降解、移位,导致失去完全转流效果;而吻合环的固定方式是通过吻合环的咬合部分咬合连接两端肠壁,但由于咬合部的压榨作用,局部肠壁逐渐发生缺血坏死,同时发生再愈合,导致吻合环逐渐切割肠壁移行至肠腔内,导致吻合环发生偏转,从而和肠壁间出现空隙,进而失去完全转流作用。目前我们临床实践中,在用吻合环两部分的连接处,增加使用缝线绑扎固定的方式,但由于缝线的切割作用,一般两周左右局部肠壁也发生坏死和再愈合过程,导致吻合环偏转移位,同样失去完全转流作用。而采用导尿管中空导管固定方式,四周时吻合环仍固定于原位,提示我们设计使用可用于人体内的生物材料制备中空导管固定腔内装置。
中国专利文献:CN201010567165.9,申请日2010.11.30,专利名称为:一种可生物降解的肠造口装置。公开了一种可生物降解的肠造口装置,该装置包括头侧吻合机构、尾侧引流机构及集粪机构,头侧吻合机构可设在肠腔内,尾侧引流机构连接在体外,前端与头侧吻合机构连接,后端与集粪机构连接。
中国专利文献:CN201520464786.2,申请日2015.07.02,专利名称为:一种大肠腔内转流器。公开了一种大肠腔内转流器,它包括螺旋圈,螺旋圈由一根弹性螺旋条螺旋构成弹簧圈状,螺旋条上缘内侧边设有薄膜片,薄膜片随螺旋条螺旋走向卷成同心圆状多层薄膜圆管结构;螺旋圈下缘连接薄膜导流管,薄膜导流管上端为喇叭口状,同心圆状多层薄膜圆管结构伸入喇叭口状内,薄膜导流管下端连接体外引流或负压装置;薄膜导流管腔内设有细引流管,细引流管上端穿出薄膜导流管上端喇叭口侧壁,置于其腔外,细引流管下端连接体外吸引装置。
上述专利文献CN201010567165.9中的一种可生物降解的肠造口装置,与现有技术相比,该发明应用于一期保护性造瘘的手术,手术效果完全等同于传统的回肠末端或横结肠造口,但不需二期手术回纳,减轻患者的生理、心理及经济负担,另外手术器械的用法简单易学,便于推广;但是该专利文献中的装置,在临床实践发现也存在一定不足:转流装置放置时需切开肠管,多一伤口多一份风险;用于低位结直肠时,由于粪便多已成型,可降解吻合环的中央孔非常容易被成型粪便堵塞,从而失去转流的作用,甚至导致结肠梗阻;此外,可降解吻合环通常2~3周裂解,降解物随粪便排出体外,吻合环固定于肠腔的机制是一种压榨接触式吻合。研究表明,吻合环的固定时间大约在10~14 天,肠道连续性恢复并不取决于吻合环的降解时间,而取决于吻合环处肠壁的愈合时间。当吻合肠壁愈合后,夹持于吻合环的肠壁会脱离吻合环,尽管吻合环还没有降解,可肠道的连续性得以恢复,部分肠内容物越过吻合环从侧方流向远端,这种固定方式因有效滞留时间不足并不能达到完全转流目的;
而专利文献CN201520464786.2中的一种大肠腔内转流器,则采用螺旋圈由一根弹性螺旋条螺旋构成弹簧圈状,螺旋条上缘内侧边设有薄膜片,薄膜片随螺旋条螺旋走向卷成同心圆状多层薄膜圆管结构,该实用新型能实现大肠肠腔内转流、减压,能用于大肠术后吻合口瘘的预防和治疗,及大肠医源性损伤发生穿孔后的治疗。但是该专利文献中的转流器的固定依靠弹性膨胀力,长期固定同样会对肠壁产生额外机械压力,应用于穿孔时有扩大病灶的可能,且取出困难,适用谱窄。
综上所述,亟需一种能够将危险病灶与肠内容物隔绝,还可以长时间稳定固定于肠腔,不造成副损伤,保证危险病灶充分愈合的固定方式,减轻患者痛苦和医疗负担。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种能够长时限稳定固定于肠腔,又能将危险病灶与肠内容物隔绝,减轻患者痛苦和医疗负担的装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计,所述的长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计包括腔内装置、装置附带乳胶套和肠外固定中空管;所述的腔内装置由87.5%聚乙二醇酸和12.5%硫酸钡构建,装置壁厚0.3-0.5cm,呈中空环状结构,有多种直径规格,头段收集部呈喇叭状,内腔直径小于头部,内侧面光滑,并附有防降解涂层;所述的装置附带乳胶套由乳胶材质构建,壁厚0.01-0.03mm,与装置外表面融为一体,喇叭部增厚外延少许,以减少对肠粘膜的损伤,装置尾侧乳胶套长为20cm、30cm、40cm、50cm多种规格;所述的肠外固定中空管材质由93%胶原蛋白,3%弹力蛋白和4%脂肪组成,来源于特种动物的肌腱组织,是目前机体强度最高可用于人体的生物材料;在体内张力维持时间长,有效支撑时间可达8周,依线径加粗,吸收时间逐渐延长,可达120天以上,吸收时间可控,安全无毒可用于人体。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述的腔内装置1由87.5%聚乙二醇酸和12.5%硫酸钡构建,装置外层上下连接乳胶套,内层附防降解涂层,可以延迟降解时限;头部、尾侧乳胶套由乳胶材质构建,长短不等多规格,可越过病灶,完全转流肠内容物保护危险病灶。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述的肠外固定中空管装置2由93%胶原蛋白, 3%弹力蛋白和4%脂肪组成,来源于特种动物的肌腱组织,该生物材料机体内强度高,安全无毒可用于人体;体内张力维持时间长,能达到有效支撑时间和控制吸收时间,保护危险病灶有足够时间充分愈合。
本发明优点在于:
1、突破以往保护性肠造口理论瓶颈,设计出一套全新的长时间稳定固定肠腔内装置的固定中空管;通过新技术的应用,一方面通过延长腔内装置有效滞留时间,保护危险病灶,减少局部肠管瘢痕狭窄等副损伤;另一方面可更早、更放心地实施Eras(经口进食),有利于患者康复;可以替代保护性造口免除二次手术还纳,减轻患者痛苦和医疗负担;该理论系基于外科理论、Eras、材料科学和分子生物学的集成创新。
附图说明
附图1是本发明一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的平面结构示意图。
附图2是本发明一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的使用状态示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例并参照附图对本发明作进一步描述。
附图中涉及的附图标记和组成部分如下所示:
1.腔内装置2.肠外固定中空管
3.装置附带乳胶套
实施例1
请参看附图1-2,图1是本发明一种长时限固定腔内装置的平面结构示意图,图2是本发明一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的使用状态示意图。一种长时限固定腔内装置的设计,所述的长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计包括腔内装置1、肠外固定中空管2和腔内装置1表面附带的乳胶套3,所述的腔内装置1呈中空环状结构,头段收集部呈喇叭状,装置壁厚0.3-0.5cm,内腔直径略小于头部,内侧面光滑,表面张力小,内壁附有防降解涂层;所述的肠外固定中空管2材质由93%胶原蛋白,3%弹力蛋白和4%脂肪组成,来源于特定动物的肌腱组织,采用生物原理制成;所述的腔内装置1头尾部收集装置(表面附带的乳胶套3)由乳胶材质构建,壁厚0.01-0.03mm,与腔内装置1外表面融为一体,喇叭部增厚外延少许,以减少对肠粘膜的损伤,装置尾侧乳胶套长为20cm、30cm、40cm、 50cm多种规格。
需要说明的是:肠道转流装置置放成功必须解决两个基本问题:1、腔内装置1确保肠内容物通过,而且有效滞留时间必须待危险病灶完全愈合后;2、装置如何固定于肠壁而不移动:既保证有效滞留时间,又不对肠壁造成副损伤。
本发明所述的腔内装置1由87.5%聚乙二醇酸和12.5%硫酸钡构建,硫酸钡不透射线,并经防降解处理,术后复查可显影,聚乙二醇酸经过一段时间(术后6周)后分解成碎片,随大便排出体外,吻合部位无任何异物残留;头端收集部呈喇叭状,内腔直径略小于头部,内侧面光滑,表面张力小,有利于肠内容物流出;所述的肠外固定中空管2材质由胶原蛋白占93%,弹力蛋白占3%,脂肪占4%组成,来源于特定动物的肌腱组织,为天然成型材料,采用生物原理制成,经过临床试验和科学检测,具有吸收完全无致痕、使用方便、生物相容性好、无组织排异反应、吸收时间合适的优良特性;吸收时间与缝线粗细密切相关,缝线越粗,吸收时间越长,缝线越细,吸收时间越短;一般吸收期为8-60 天,长者可达120天,达到固定装置的有效滞留时间;所述的腔内装置1外层附带的乳胶套3由乳胶材质构建,壁厚0.01-0.03mm,与腔内装置1外表面融为一体喇叭部增厚外延少许,以减少对肠粘膜的损伤,装置尾侧乳胶套长为 20cm、30cm、40cm、50cm多种规格;确保越过吻合口,完全转流肠内容物;
为了更能理解该装置实现保护性造口的目的,我们以一例腹腔镜低位直肠癌手术为例,介绍本装置的具体操作步骤:
1.该方法的操作步骤:在完成腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术(Dixon术)吻合肠管之前,选取与肠管直径适配的肠内装置,截取肠内装置周径大小的肠外固定中空管,中空管穿7号丝线备用;自近端肠管距吻合口5-7cm处,置入润滑油涂抹肠内转流装置1,肠外经转流装置凹槽处用备好的中空管2固定结扎,完成肠管吻合,附带的乳胶套3拖出越过吻合口至肛门外,完成应用可降解转流装置保护性造口。
2.2.术后每周行腹部平片检查以动态观察装置固定情况,肛门护理情况。
本发明的创新点和优点在于:
(1)突破以往保护性肠造口理论瓶颈,设计出一套全新的长时间稳定固定肠腔内装置的固定中空管;通过新技术的应用,一方面通过延长腔内装置有效滞留时间,保护危险病灶,减少局部肠管瘢痕狭窄等副损伤;另一方面可更早、更放心地实施Eras(经口进食),有利于患者康复;可以替代保护性造口免除二次手术还纳,减轻患者痛苦和医疗负担;该理论系基于外科理论、Eras、材料科学和分子生物学的集成创新。
(2)研制一系列长时间固定于肠腔内的转流装置:由可降解的腔内转流装置、外层转流乳胶套、可吸收的肠外固定中空套管三部分组成,为原创发明;
(3)提供一种能够长时限稳定固定于肠腔,又能将危险病灶与肠内容物隔绝,减轻患者痛苦和医疗负担的装置。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计,其特征在于,所述的长时限固定肠腔内装置的设计包括腔内装置、装置附带乳胶套和肠外固定中空管;所述的腔内装置由87.5%聚乙二醇酸和12.5%硫酸钡构建,装置壁厚0.3-0.5cm,呈中空环状结构,有多种直径规格,头段收集部呈喇叭状,内腔直径小于头部,内侧面光滑,并附有防降解涂层;所述的装置附带乳胶套由乳胶材质构建,壁厚0.01-0.03mm,主体与腔内装置外表面融为一体,喇叭部增厚并外延,腔内装置尾侧乳胶套长为20cm、30cm、40cm或50cm多种规格;所述的肠外固定中空管材质由93%胶原蛋白,3%弹力蛋白和4%脂肪组成,来源于特定动物的肌腱组织,为天然原材料,采用生物原理制成。
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