CN112825449A - Parallel-series excitation direct current motor - Google Patents
Parallel-series excitation direct current motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112825449A CN112825449A CN201911148952.7A CN201911148952A CN112825449A CN 112825449 A CN112825449 A CN 112825449A CN 201911148952 A CN201911148952 A CN 201911148952A CN 112825449 A CN112825449 A CN 112825449A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
- H02K23/08—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having series connection of excitation windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
- H02K23/06—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having shunt connection of excitation windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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Abstract
The invention provides a parallel-series excitation direct current motor, which is connected with m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes; a stator including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including a series field winding portion and a shunt field winding portion; and a rotor, wherein the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units, the m series excitation winding units correspond to the m pairs of main poles respectively, the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units, each series excitation winding unit is formed by making a series excitation coil on the corresponding pair of main poles through an insulated conductor strip, each shunt excitation winding unit is formed by making a shunt excitation coil on the m pairs of main poles through an insulated conductor strip, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and particularly relates to a parallel-series excitation direct current motor.
Background
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor is a compound excitation direct current motor and comprises 2 sets of excitation windings, namely a parallel excitation winding and a series excitation winding. And the armature winding of the parallel-series excitation direct current motor is connected with the shunt excitation winding in parallel and then connected with the series excitation winding in series. The motor with the magnetic fields generated by the series excitation winding and the parallel excitation winding enhanced in the same direction is an integral compound excitation direct current motor. The product compound excitation motor integrates the advantages of a series excitation direct current motor and a parallel excitation direct current motor, has large starting torque at low speed, runs at high speed under light load, avoids the possibility of galloping, is particularly suitable for the running working condition of the crane, namely heavy-load large-torque starting, can run at low speed under heavy load, and can run at high speed under light load so as to ensure the safety and efficiency of operation. The device has obvious advantages in the driving of large-load vehicles such as electric porters, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks, ships and the like.
The DC motor is generally used together with a chopper to form a speed regulating device of the DC motor, and in order to ensure the reliability of a system, the maximum output current of the chopper is generally 2 to 3 times of the rated current of the motor. The high-power high-performance direct current motor, especially the low-voltage high-current direct current motor, needs a chopper with large continuous working current, and related technologies and products are controlled and monopolized by individual countries and companies, so that the price is very high, and the output current value of the chopper for the high-performance motor which can be purchased in the market is only below one thousand amperes, which seriously restricts and influences the development of the low-voltage high-current direct current motor.
The chopper adopts the pulse width modulation technology to control the on-off of the power switch tube to change the output voltage and the output current, the size of the output current ripple is inversely proportional to the switching frequency of the power switch tube, and the size of the switching frequency of the power switch tube is directly proportional to the switching loss (or temperature rise and fault rate). And the motor output torque ripple is proportional to the square of the current ripple. Therefore, in order to reduce the motor output torque ripple or reduce the current ripple, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency; in order to reduce the switching losses, the switching frequency must be reduced. This contradiction affects the development of speed regulating device for high power and high performance DC motor. Which makes it difficult to apply to devices such as numerically controlled machine tools, which have high requirements for torque ripple.
The parallel series excitation direct current motor applied to the national defense equipment is particularly sensitive to vibration and electromagnetic interference due to stealth requirements, namely the ripple requirements on the output torque of the motor and the ripple requirements on the current are particularly strict. At present, the traditional parallel series excitation direct current motor applied to high-power national defense electric equipment is difficult to deal with the detection technology with the increasingly developed technology.
For the above reasons, the development of a high-power parallel-series excitation direct-current motor is restricted and influenced, and economic construction and national defense construction are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a parallel-series excited dc motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a parallel-series excitation direct current motor, which is connected with m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including a series field winding portion and a shunt field winding portion; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings connected to each other by a predetermined connection method, wherein each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles are different, the positions of the 2 brushes in each pair are adjacent, each pair of brushes includes an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-polarity main pole, the series winding portion includes m series winding units corresponding to the m pairs of main poles, the parallel winding portion includes m parallel winding units, each series winding unit is formed by forming a series coil on the corresponding pair of main poles by an insulating conductor bar made of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer, and each parallel winding unit is formed by forming an insulating conductor bar made of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer on the m pairs of main poles by an insulating conductor bar wrapped with an insulating layer The parallel excitation winding unit comprises a plurality of poles, wherein the poles are respectively made into parallel excitation coils, an insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit is provided with a series excitation end and a series excitation other end, an insulated conductor strip in each parallel excitation winding unit is provided with a parallel excitation end and a parallel excitation other end, m parallel excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, and simultaneously m other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points; or the m shunt excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, the m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring terminals; or the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring ends, the m second electrical connection points form m second wiring ends, the m first wiring ends and the m second wiring ends respectively and correspondingly form m pairs of external wiring terminals, the m pairs of external wiring terminals are used for being connected with the m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The invention provides a parallel-series excitation direct current motor, which is connected with m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including a series field winding portion and a shunt field winding portion; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, wherein each pair of the brushes includes 2 brushes adjacent to each other, the series winding portion includes m series winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles, respectively, the parallel winding portion includes m parallel winding units each formed by connecting 2 series coils formed on the corresponding pair of the main poles by an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer, each parallel winding unit is formed by connecting 2m parallel coils formed on the m pairs of the main poles by an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer, the insulated conductor bar in each series winding unit has a series end and a series end divided in a predetermined current direction of the series coil, each pair of main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the series exciting coil in the series exciting winding unit and the preset current direction of the series exciting coil, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different, each pair of electric brushes comprises an electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole, and the m shunt excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt exciting winding units are electrically connected with the m S-pole corresponding electric brushes in all the electric brushes to form m first electric connection points, meanwhile, the m other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points; or the m shunt excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, the m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring terminals; or the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring ends, the m second electrical connection points form m second wiring ends, the m first wiring ends and the m second wiring ends respectively and correspondingly form m pairs of external wiring terminals, the m pairs of external wiring terminals are used for being connected with the m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein each brush comprises one brush body or at least two separately shaped brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the number of the direct current power supplies is 1, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the direct current power supplies.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the number of the direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are wiring terminals of the m direct current power supplies respectively.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein, the insulated conductor strip is any one of enameled wires and insulated copper conducting bars.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the number of turns of the series excitation coil in the series excitation winding unit on each main magnetic pole is the same, the number of turns of the parallel excitation coil in the parallel excitation winding unit on each main magnetic pole is the same, the current surrounding directions of the series excitation coil and the parallel excitation coil on each main magnetic pole are the same, and each pair of main magnetic poles correspond to the spatial positions of the corresponding pair of electric brushes.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in each series excitation winding unit, the connection relationship is any one of series connection and parallel connection, the connection relationship of 2 series excitation coils in each series excitation winding unit is the same, in each parallel excitation winding unit, the connection relationship of 2m parallel excitation coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of 2m parallel excitation coils in each parallel excitation winding unit is the same.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein the predetermined coupling means is any one of a single stack, a multiple stack and a complex wave.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the direct current power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention, because the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units, the m series excitation winding units correspond to m pairs of main poles respectively, the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units, each series excitation winding unit is formed by making series excitation coils on a corresponding pair of main poles through insulated conductor strips formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers respectively, each shunt excitation winding unit is formed by making shunt excitation coils on m pairs of main poles through insulated conductor strips formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers respectively, the insulated conductor strips in each series excitation winding unit are provided with a series excitation end and a shunt excitation end, the insulated conductor strips in each shunt excitation winding unit are provided with a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end, and the m shunt excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S pole pairs in all the brushes to form m first electric brushes The other ends of the m insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the corresponding N poles of the m electric brushes to form m second electric connection points; or the m shunt excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, the m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring terminals; or, m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units form m first terminals, m second electrical connection points form m second terminals, m first terminals and m second terminals respectively and correspondingly form m pairs of external connection terminals, the m pairs of external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, each pair of external connection terminals are connected with a parallel excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes which are firstly connected in parallel excitation and then connected in series excitation, so that on one hand, branches formed by each parallel excitation winding unit and the pair of brushes and the series excitation winding units which are correspondingly connected are mutually independent, the current of each branch is also independent, and each branch can work independently and is supplied with power independently by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, namely: each pair of power output terminals only bears the working current of one branch circuit and only has one m-th of the rated input current of the motor. For the motor with very large rated input current, as long as m is large enough, the working current of each branch circuit or the output current of each pair of power output terminals can be correspondingly reduced, so that the output current of the power output terminals can be reduced to the value which can meet the requirements of the high-power high-performance motor by using a common power switch tube without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, the cost of a direct-current power supply is reduced, the requirements of a connecting wire and a connecting piece between an external wiring terminal and the power output terminals on contact resistance and insulation are also reduced, the difficulty of production and manufacture is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved;
on the other hand, under the preset control, the output current waveforms of each pair of power output terminals of the direct-current power supply are similar and staggered by m times of the switching period, so that the current sum of m excitation winding units, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current of the motor can be reduced; the current sum of the m pairs of electric brushes, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the motor are reduced, so that the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor are reduced, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotating speed of the motor are reduced, and the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced.
Moreover, when the power output terminal of the direct current power supply and the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, other normal parts can still work, and because the magnetic field excited by the excitation winding unit of the non-fault part mainly acts on the armature winding branch circuit connected with the corresponding electric brush, the phenomenon of sudden runaway of the traditional series excitation direct current motor is avoided, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, and the effective output torque is larger.
In conclusion, the parallel-series excitation direct current motor has the advantages of simple structure, short connecting line, simple production process, easiness in manufacturing, convenience in maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety and the like; the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, and can be applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines, submarines and the like, thereby realizing the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation direct current motor of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the development of the armature winding single-lap connection of the parallel-series direct current motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a parallel-series excitation direct current motor in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a graph comparing the armature current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention with the armature current of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor;
fig. 10 is a graph comparing the current of the parallel-series excited direct current motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the exciting current of the conventional parallel-series excited direct current motor; and
fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation direct current motor of the invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic unfolded view of an armature winding single-lap joint of a parallel-series direct current motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the parallel-series excited dc motor 100 is connected to m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one dc power source (not shown), and has a rated input current. When the number of the direct current power supplies is 1, the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the direct current power supplies; when the number of the direct current power supplies is m, the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively the wiring terminals of the m direct current power supplies. The dc power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery, and a rectified power supply, and in this embodiment, the dc power supply employs a chopper having a switching frequency of 1 khz.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the parallel-series excited dc motor 100 includes a housing 11, a stator 12, brushes 13, a rotor 14, and a junction box (not shown in the drawings). As shown in fig. 3, the number of pairs of brushes is set to m according to the value of the rated input current. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, m is set to 3 in the present embodiment. When the maximum output current of a pair of power supply output terminals is I1Rated input current of the DC motor is ImaxThe number m of pairs of brushes satisfies the following condition：m＞Imax÷I1。
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the stator 12 is provided in the housing 11, and includes 3 pairs of 6 main poles 121, one series field winding portion 122, and one shunt field winding portion 123.
As shown in fig. 2, each pair of main poles 121 includes an S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-polarity main pole 1212. Of all the main poles 121, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles 121 are opposite.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the series field winding portion 122 includes 3 series field winding units 1221, and the 3 series field winding units 1221 correspond to 3 pairs of main poles 121, respectively. Each of the series field winding units 1221 is formed by forming a series field coil 12211 on each of the corresponding pair of main magnetic poles 121 using an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer. In this embodiment, the number of turns of the series excitation coil 12211 on each main pole 121 is the same.
The insulated conductor bar in each series field winding unit 1221 has one end and the other end distinguished along a preset current direction of the series field coil 12211, and the S-polarity main pole 1211 and the N-polarity main pole 1212 in each pair of main poles 121 correspond to the winding direction of the series field coil 12211 and the preset current direction of the series field coil 12211. The current circulating directions of the series excitation coils of two adjacent main magnetic poles 121 are opposite.
In each series field winding unit 1221, the connection relationship of the 2 series field coils 12211 is any one of series connection and parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 2 series field coils 12211 in the respective series field winding units 1221 is the same. In this embodiment, the 2 series exciting coils 12211 are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the shunt excitation winding part 123 includes 3 shunt excitation winding units 1231, and the 3 shunt excitation winding units 1231 correspond to the 3 pairs of main poles 121, respectively. Each shunt excitation winding unit 1231 is formed by making a shunt excitation coil 12311 on a corresponding pair of main poles 121 by an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer. In this embodiment, the number of turns of the shunt coil 12311 on each main pole 121 is the same.
The insulated conductor bars in each shunt excitation winding unit 1231 have one end and the other end distinguished in a preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil 12311, and current circulating directions of the shunt excitation coils 12311 of adjacent two main poles 121 are opposite. In this embodiment, the current circulating directions of the series excitation coil 12211 and the shunt excitation coil 12311 in each of the main poles 121 are the same.
In each shunt excitation winding unit 1231, the connection relationship of the 2m shunt excitation coils 12311 is any one of series, parallel, and series-parallel, and the connection relationship of the 2m shunt excitation coils 12311 in the respective shunt excitation winding units 1231 is the same. In this embodiment, the 2m shunt excitation coils 12311 are connected in series.
The insulated conductor strip of the series excitation winding unit 1221 and the insulated conductor strip of the parallel excitation winding unit 1231 are any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting strip, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 6 brushes 13 in 3 pairs are fixedly disposed in the housing 11, and each pair of brushes 13 includes an S-pole corresponding brush 131 corresponding to the S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-pole corresponding brush 132 corresponding to the N-polarity main pole 1212. The 2 brushes 13 of each pair of brushes 13 are positioned adjacently, and each pair of brushes 13 corresponds to the spatial position of each corresponding pair of main magnetic poles 121.
The brush 13 is any one of a narrow brush and a wide brush, and the brush 13 is a narrow brush in the present embodiment. Each brush 13 comprises a brush body or at least two separately formed brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel, in this embodiment the brush 13 comprises a brush body.
As shown in fig. 3, m shunt-excited ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt-excited winding units 1231 are electrically connected to m N-pole corresponding brushes 132 in all the brushes 13 to form m first electrical connection points, and m other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt-excited winding units 1231 are electrically connected to m S-pole corresponding brushes 131 in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points. Of course, if necessary, the m shunt-excited other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt-excited winding units 1231 are electrically connected to the m N-pole corresponding brushes 132 in all the brushes 13 to form m first electrical connection points, and the m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt-excited winding units 1231 are electrically connected to the m S-pole corresponding brushes 131 in all the brushes 13 to form m second electrical connection points.
The m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units 1221 are correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units 1221 form m first terminals 1511; the m second electrical connection points form m second terminals 1512, the m first terminals 1511 and the m second terminals 1512 form m pairs of external connection terminals (i.e., connection units) respectively corresponding to the m second terminals 1512, and the m pairs of external connection terminals are used for being connected with the m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Of course, if necessary, the m series-excited other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series-excited winding units 1221 may be correspondingly connected to the m first electrical connection points, and the m series-excited ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series-excited winding units 1221 form m first terminals 1511.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, the first terminal 1511 and the second terminal 1512 form 1 pair of external connection terminals 151, the first terminal 1521 and the second terminal 1522 form 1 pair of external connection terminals 152, and the first terminal 1531 and the second terminal 1532 form 1 pair of connection terminals 153, and 3 pairs of external connection terminals (i.e., 3 connection units) 151, 152 and 153 for connecting to 3 pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner. The excitation effect of the 3 series excitation winding units 122 and the corresponding 3 shunt excitation winding units 123 may be one of integral excitation and differential excitation, in this embodiment, integral excitation, where the magnetic field excited by the main pole is large, and the motor torque is large.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotor 14 is disposed in the stator 12, and includes a plurality of armature windings 141 coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, the number of the armature windings 141 is set to 2m × n, and the predetermined coupling method is any one of a single-winding, a multiple-winding, and a complex wave. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the plurality of armature windings 141 are connected in a single-layer manner, and 2 adjacent brushes 13 are connected to one armature winding branch, each of which contains n armature windings 141.
A junction box (not shown) is fixed to the cabinet 11, and 3 pairs of external connection terminals 151, 152 and 153 are provided in the junction box as shown in fig. 2 and 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor; fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three field winding units of a parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 9 is a graph comparing the armature current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention with the armature current of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor; fig. 10 is a diagram showing comparison of the exciting current of the parallel-series excited direct current motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the exciting current of the conventional parallel-series excited direct current motor; fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor.
As shown in fig. 6, the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor 600 has only 1 wiring unit at its terminals, which is electrically connected to 1 pair of power output terminals of 1 chopper (not shown) having a switching frequency of 1 khz.
In steady state, the current ripple is the difference between the maximum and minimum values, and the ripple factor is the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum values and the average value.
As shown in fig. 7, in the parallel-series excitation dc motor in the present embodiment, the input current ripples of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 are all equal to 112.19-102.35-9.84 amperes, the average value is all equal to 107.27 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 9.84/107.27 × 100% — 9.17%.
As shown in fig. 8, in the parallel-series excitation dc motor in the present embodiment, the current ripples of the three series excitation winding units 1221, 1222, and 1223 are all equal to 175.85-165.51-10.34 amperes, the average value is all equal to 170.68 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 10.34/170.68 × 100% > -6.06%. The current ripples of the three shunt- wound winding units 1231, 1232, and 1233 are all equal to 0.49 ampere from 63.66 to 63.16, the average value is all equal to 63.41 ampere, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.49/63.41 × 100% > -0.78%.
As shown in fig. 9, in a steady state, the armature current of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in the present embodiment is equal to the sum of the currents of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3, the ripple of the armature current is 323.45-320.18-3.26 amperes, the average value is 321.82 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.26/321.82 × 100% — 1.01%. The armature current ripple of the traditional parallel series excitation direct current motor is equal to 336.58-307.04-29.55 amperes, the average value is equal to 321.82 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 29.55/321.82 × 100-9.18%. Although the average value of the armature current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in this embodiment is the same as that of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor.
As shown in fig. 10, in a steady state, the excitation current of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in the present embodiment is equal to the sum of the currents of the three series excitation winding units 1221, 1222, and 1223 and the three parallel excitation winding units 1231, 1232, and 1233, the ripple of the excitation current is 704.06-700.48 — 3.59 amperes, the average value is 702.27 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.59/702.27 × 100% — 0.51%. The armature current ripple of the traditional parallel-series excitation direct current motor is 718.51-686.01-32.50 amperes, the average value is 702.27 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are 32.50/702.27 × 100-4.63%. Although the average value of the field current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the present embodiment is the same as that of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the field current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the present embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor.
As is known, the electromagnetic torque and the equation of motion of the parallel-series excited dc motor are as follows
Wherein, TemIs an electromagnetic torque; cTIs a torque constant; phiA magnetic flux that is a main magnetic field; l isafIs the mutual inductance of the excitation winding part and the armature winding and is a constant; i isfIs an exciting current; i isaIs the armature current; t isloadIs the load torque; j is the moment of inertia of the load, which is a constant; Ω is the output angular velocity.
In this embodiment, the input current of the parallel-series direct current motor is equal to the sum of the armature current and the shunt excitation current, and is also equal to the series excitation current, and the rated input current of the parallel-series direct current motor is the maximum input current of the motor in the rated operating state.
In the formula (1), the electromagnetic torque TemAnd armature current IaProportional to the product of the magnetic flux phi of the main magnetic field excited by the field winding of the DC motor fed by the chopper, and the electromagnetic torque T is shown by the equation (1)emAnd armature current IaAnd an excitation current IfProportional to the product of (a) and (b), the excitation current IfRipple factor and armature current IaWill result in an electromagnetic torque TemThe ripple factor, ripple or ripple of the output angular velocity Ω, which is larger, is more poor, and the performance of the driving device and the electric equipment is worse.
In this embodiment, LafTaking 1, in a steady state, as shown in fig. 11, the motor torque ripple of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the present embodiment is 227725.80-224281.17-3444.63 n.m, the average value is 226003.19n.m, and the ripple factor is 3444.63/226003.19-1.52%. The torque ripple of the conventional parallel series excitation direct current motor is equal to 241839.18-210630.99-31208.19 n.m, the average value is equal to 226082.27n.m, and the ripple coefficient is equal to 13.80%.
That is to say, although the average torque value of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the conventional parallel-series excitation dc motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the torque of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional parallel-series excitation dc motor, which reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor, further reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotation speed of the motor, and finally achieves the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic interference, vibration, and noise of the motor.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the parallel-series excitation dc motor provided in this embodiment, since the series excitation winding portion includes m series excitation winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles, respectively, the shunt excitation winding portion includes m shunt excitation winding units, each series excitation winding unit is formed by making a series excitation coil on a corresponding pair of main poles by an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer, each shunt excitation winding unit is formed by making a shunt excitation coil on m pairs of main poles by an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer, the insulated conductor bar in each series excitation winding unit has a series excitation end and a shunt excitation end, the insulated conductor bar in each shunt excitation winding unit has a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end, and the m shunt excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected to the m S pole-corresponding electric brushes in all the electric brushes to form m first electric brushes The other ends of the m insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes with the m N poles in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points; or the m shunt excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, the m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring terminals; or, m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with m first electrical connection points, meanwhile, m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the series excitation winding units form m first terminals, m second electrical connection points form m second terminals, m first terminals and m second terminals respectively and correspondingly form m pairs of external connection terminals, the m pairs of external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, each pair of external connection terminals are connected with a parallel excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes which are firstly connected in parallel excitation and then connected in series excitation, so that on one hand, branches formed by each parallel excitation winding unit and the pair of brushes and the series excitation winding units which are correspondingly connected are mutually independent, the current of each branch is also independent, and each branch can work independently and is supplied with power independently by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, namely: each pair of power output terminals only bears the working current of one branch circuit and only has one m-th of the rated input current of the motor. For the motor with very large rated input current, as long as m is large enough, the working current of each branch circuit or the output current of each pair of power output terminals can be correspondingly reduced, so that the output current of the power output terminals can be reduced to the value which can meet the requirements of the high-power high-performance motor by using a common power switch tube without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, the cost of a direct-current power supply is reduced, the requirements of a connecting wire and a connecting piece between an external wiring terminal and the power output terminals on contact resistance and insulation are also reduced, the difficulty of production and manufacture is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved;
on the other hand, under the preset control, the output current waveforms of each pair of power output terminals of the direct-current power supply are similar and staggered by m times of the switching period, so that the current sum of m excitation winding units, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current of the motor can be reduced; the current sum of the m pairs of electric brushes, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the motor are reduced, so that the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor are reduced, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotating speed of the motor are reduced, and the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced.
Moreover, when the power output terminal of the direct current power supply and the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, other normal parts can still work, and because the magnetic field excited by the excitation winding unit of the non-fault part mainly acts on the armature winding branch circuit connected with the corresponding electric brush, the phenomenon of sudden runaway of the traditional series excitation direct current motor is avoided, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, and the effective output torque is larger.
In conclusion, the parallel-series excitation direct current motor of the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, short connecting line, simple production process, easiness in manufacturing, convenience in maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety and the like; the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, and can be applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines, submarines and the like, thereby realizing the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
In addition, each brush comprises at least two separately formed brush bodies which are arranged along the axial direction of the motor and are electrically connected in parallel, so that the actual contact area of each brush and the commutator is increased, and the commutation performance of the brush is improved.
In addition, because the number of turns of the series excitation coil on each main magnetic pole is the same, and the number of turns of the parallel excitation coil is the same, the magnetic field of the motor is uniform and the torque is constant when the motor works normally.
In addition, because each pair of main magnetic poles corresponds to the space position of the corresponding pair of brushes, the magnetic field intensity in the armature winding can be kept maximum when a fault occurs, and therefore the maximum torque can be generated.
In addition, because the direct current power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectifying power supply, when the direct current power supply is the chopper or the rectifying power supply, the power switch tube does not need to adopt a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, and therefore cost is reduced. When the direct current power supply is a battery, the number of parallel branches in the battery is reduced, the battery balance problem generated after a plurality of battery monomers are connected in parallel is reduced, the cost generated by screening the consistency of the battery monomers is also reduced, the overall performance attenuation of the battery caused by parallel connection is reduced, and the energy density, the power, the performance, the durability and the safety are provided.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A parallel-series excited direct current motor connected to m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply, comprising:
a housing;
m pairs of electric brushes fixed in the machine shell;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, and including a series field winding portion and a shunt field winding portion; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other in a predetermined coupling manner,
wherein each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole,
the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different,
the 2 brushes in each pair are located adjacent,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of main magnetic poles,
the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units,
each series excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing series excitation coils on a corresponding pair of main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
each parallel excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing parallel excitation coils on the m pairs of main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit is provided with a series excitation end and a series excitation other end,
the insulated conductor bars in each shunt excitation winding unit have a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end,
the m shunt excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points; or, m parallel excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with m S-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, and simultaneously, m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points,
the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units are correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points respectively, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring terminals; or, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units form m first terminals,
m of said second electrical connection points form m second terminals,
m pairs of external connection terminals are formed by the m first terminals and the m second terminals respectively,
m pairs of the external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
2. A parallel-series excited direct current motor connected to m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply, comprising:
a housing;
m pairs of electric brushes fixed in the machine shell;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, and including a series field winding portion and a shunt field winding portion; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other in a predetermined coupling manner,
wherein each pair of said brushes comprises 2 adjacently positioned brushes,
the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of main magnetic poles,
the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units,
each series excitation winding unit is formed by connecting series excitation coils which are respectively manufactured on a pair of corresponding main magnetic poles by insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
each parallel excitation winding unit is formed by connecting parallel excitation coils respectively made on the m pairs of main magnetic poles by insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor strip in each of the series excitation winding units has a series excitation end and a series excitation other end which are distinguished in a preset current direction of the series excitation coil,
the insulated conductor strip in each shunt excitation winding unit has a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end which are distinguished along a preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil,
each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the series excitation coil in the series excitation winding unit and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil,
the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the m shunt excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points; or, m parallel excitation other ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with m S-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first electrical connection points, and simultaneously, m one ends of the insulated conductor bars in all the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with m N-pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second electrical connection points,
the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units are correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points respectively, and meanwhile, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units form m first wiring terminals; or, the m series excitation other ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units are respectively and correspondingly connected with the m first electrical connection points, and meanwhile, the m series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips in all the series excitation winding units form m first terminals,
m of said second electrical connection points form m second terminals,
m pairs of external connection terminals are formed by the m first terminals and the m second terminals respectively,
m pairs of the external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
3. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein each brush comprises one brush body or at least two separately shaped brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel.
4. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the number of the direct current power supplies is 1, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the direct current power supplies.
5. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the number of the direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals of the m direct current power supplies.
6. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar.
7. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the number of turns of the series exciting coil in the series exciting winding unit on each main magnetic pole is the same,
the number of turns of the shunt excitation coil in the shunt excitation winding unit on each main pole is the same,
the current surrounding directions of the series excitation coil and the shunt excitation coil on each main magnetic pole are the same,
each pair of main magnetic poles corresponds to the space position of the corresponding pair of electric brushes.
8. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, in each series field winding unit, the connection relation of 2 series field coils is any one of series connection and parallel connection,
the connection relation of 2 series exciting coils in each series exciting winding unit is the same,
in each of the shunt excitation winding units, the connection relationship of 2m shunt excitation coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection,
the connection relations of the 2m shunt excitation coils in each shunt excitation winding unit are the same.
9. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the predetermined coupling manner is any one of a single stack, a multiple stack, and a complex wave.
10. A parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the direct current power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply.
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| CN117674519A (en) * | 2024-02-03 | 2024-03-08 | 泉州开普勒车用电机有限公司 | Production process of compound excitation type stator |
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