CN111277099A - Separately excited DC motor - Google Patents

Separately excited DC motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111277099A
CN111277099A CN201811178581.2A CN201811178581A CN111277099A CN 111277099 A CN111277099 A CN 111277099A CN 201811178581 A CN201811178581 A CN 201811178581A CN 111277099 A CN111277099 A CN 111277099A
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pairs
terminals
armature
excitation
power supply
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金爱娟
李少龙
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201811178581.2A priority Critical patent/CN111277099A/en
Priority to US17/056,791 priority patent/US11355973B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/114622 priority patent/WO2020073405A1/en
Publication of CN111277099A publication Critical patent/CN111277099A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/12—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having excitation produced by current sources independent of the armature circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
    • H02K23/36—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having two or more windings; having two or more commutators; having two or more stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
    • H02K23/38—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having winding or connection for improving commutation, e.g. equipotential connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a separately excited direct current motor, which is connected with m pairs of first power output terminals formed by at least one first direct current power supply and m pairs of second power output terminals formed by at least one second direct current power supply, and comprises: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes; a stator including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and a rotor, wherein the field winding part comprises m field winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles respectively, an insulated conductor bar in each field winding unit has one end and the other end, m first armature terminals and m second armature terminals respectively form m pairs of armature external connection terminals corresponding to m pairs of first power output terminals one to one, m first field terminals and m second field terminals respectively form m pairs of field external connection terminals corresponding to m pairs of second power output terminals one to one, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.

Description

Separately excited DC motor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and particularly relates to a separately excited direct current motor.
Background
The exciting winding and the armature winding of the separately excited DC motor are respectively supplied with power by two power supplies, and exciting current is independently supplied and is irrelevant to armature current. Therefore, the separately excited direct current motor is convenient to control and easy to realize speed regulation, positive and negative rotation and energy feedback. The high-speed electric sightseeing vehicle is widely applied to electric forklifts, electric automobiles, electric sightseeing vehicles, electric tractors, large machine tool spindle transmission systems, ships and the like.
The DC motor is generally used together with a chopper to form a speed regulating device of the DC motor, and in order to ensure the reliability of a system, the maximum output current of the chopper is generally 2 to 3 times of the rated current of the motor. The high-power high-performance direct current motor, especially the low-voltage high-current direct current motor, needs a chopper with large continuous working current, and related technologies and products are controlled and monopolized by individual countries and companies, so that the price is very high, and the output current value of the chopper for the high-performance motor which can be purchased in the market is only below one thousand amperes, which seriously restricts and influences the development of the low-voltage high-current direct current motor.
The chopper adopts the pulse width modulation technology to control the on-off of the power switch tube to change the output voltage and the output current, the size of the output current ripple is inversely proportional to the switching frequency of the power switch tube, and the size of the switching frequency of the power switch tube is directly proportional to the switching loss (or temperature rise and fault rate). And the motor output torque ripple is proportional to the square of the current ripple. Therefore, in order to reduce the motor output torque ripple or reduce the current ripple, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency; in order to reduce the switching losses, the switching frequency must be reduced. This contradiction affects the development of speed regulating device for high power and high performance DC motor. Which makes it difficult to apply to devices such as numerically controlled machine tools, which have high requirements for torque ripple.
The separately excited direct current motor applied to the national defense equipment is particularly sensitive to vibration and electromagnetic interference due to the stealth requirement, namely the ripple requirements on the output torque of the motor and the ripple requirements on the current are particularly strict. At present, the traditional separately excited direct current motor applied to high-power national defense electric equipment is difficult to deal with the detection technology with the increasingly developed technology.
For the above reasons, the development of the separately excited direct-current motor is restricted and affected, and economic construction and national defense construction are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a separately excited dc motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the present invention provides a separately excited direct current motor connected to m pairs of first power supply output terminals formed by at least one first direct current power supply and m pairs of second power supply output terminals formed by at least one second direct current power supply, having a rated input current, characterized by comprising: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, wherein each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles are different, the positions of 2 brushes in each pair of brushes are adjacent, each pair of brushes includes an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-polarity main pole, an excitation winding portion includes m excitation winding units corresponding to the m pairs of main poles, each excitation winding unit is formed by making excitation coils on the corresponding pair of main poles through an insulating conductor bar formed of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer, the insulating conductor bar in each excitation winding unit has one end and the other end, and the two armature terminals of each pair of brushes respectively form a first armature terminal and a second armature terminal, m pairs of armature external wiring terminals are formed by m first armature wiring terminals and m second armature wiring terminals of all the electric brushes in a corresponding mode respectively, the m pairs of armature external wiring terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of first power output terminals in a one-to-one corresponding mode, m first excitation wiring terminals are formed by m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars, m second excitation wiring terminals are formed by m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars, m pairs of excitation external wiring terminals are formed by m first excitation wiring terminals and m second excitation wiring terminals in a corresponding mode respectively, the m pairs of excitation external wiring terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of second power output terminals in a one-to-one corresponding mode, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The present invention provides a separately excited direct current motor connected to m pairs of first power supply output terminals formed by at least one first direct current power supply and m pairs of second power supply output terminals formed by at least one second direct current power supply, having a rated input current, characterized by comprising: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, wherein each pair of the brushes includes 2 brushes adjacent to each other, the field winding portion includes m field winding units corresponding to m pairs of the main poles, each of the field winding units is formed by connecting 2 field coils formed by winding an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer on a corresponding pair of the main poles, the insulated conductor bar in each of the field winding units has one end and the other end distinguished along a predetermined current direction of the field coil, each pair of the main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole corresponding to the winding direction of the field coil and the predetermined current direction of the field coil, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles are different, and each pair of the brushes includes an S-polarity-corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole corresponding to the N-polarity main pole The corresponding N poles correspond to the electric brushes, two leading-out ends of each pair of electric brushes respectively form a first armature terminal and a second armature terminal, m first armature terminals and m second armature terminals of all the electric brushes respectively form m pairs of armature external connecting terminals correspondingly, the m pairs of armature external connecting terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of first power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence mode, m first excitation terminals are formed at m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars, m second excitation terminals are formed at m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars, m pairs of excitation external connecting terminals are formed by the m first excitation terminals and m second excitation terminals respectively in a corresponding mode, the m pairs of excitation external connecting terminals are used for being connected with the m pairs of second power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: wherein each brush comprises one brush body or at least two separately shaped brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: the number of the first direct-current power supplies is 1, and the m pairs of first power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the first direct-current power supplies; or the number of the first direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of first power supply output terminals are the terminals of the m first direct current power supplies respectively.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: the number of the second direct-current power supplies is 1, and the m pairs of second power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branch circuits of the second direct-current power supplies; or the number of the second direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of second power supply output terminals are the terminals of the m second direct current power supplies respectively.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: wherein, the insulated conductor strip is any one of enameled wires and insulated copper conducting bars.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: wherein, the number of turns of the exciting coil on each main magnetic pole is the same.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: in each excitation winding unit, the connection relation of 2 excitation coils is any one of series connection and parallel connection, and the connection relation of 2 excitation coils in each excitation winding unit is the same.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: wherein the predetermined coupling means is any one of a single stack, a multiple stack and a complex wave.
The separately excited dc motor provided by the present invention may further have the following features: the first direct current power supply and the second direct current power supply are any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply respectively.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the separately excited dc motor of the present invention, since the field winding portion includes m field winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles, each field winding unit is formed by making a field winding on a corresponding pair of main poles through an insulated conductor bar, the insulated conductor bar in each field winding unit has one end and the other end distinguished along a preset current direction of the field winding, two leading ends of each pair of brushes form a first armature terminal and a second armature terminal, respectively, m first armature terminals and m second armature terminals of all the brushes form m pairs of armature external terminals, respectively, the m pairs of armature external terminals are for one-to-one connection with the m pairs of first power output terminals, the m first ends of all the insulated conductor bars form m first field terminals, and the m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars form m second field terminals, m first excitation terminals and m second excitation terminals respectively form m pairs of excitation external terminals corresponding to each other, the m pairs of excitation external terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of second power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, each pair of armature external terminals is connected with a pair of brushes, and each pair of excitation external terminals is connected with an excitation winding unit, so, on one hand, an excitation branch formed by each excitation winding unit and an armature branch formed by each pair of brushes are mutually independent, each excitation branch and each armature branch are mutually independent, the current of each branch is also independent, each branch can independently work and is independently supplied by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, namely: each pair of power output terminals only bears the working current of one branch circuit and only has one m-th of the rated input current of the motor. For the motor with very large rated input current, as long as m is large enough, the working current of each branch circuit or the output current of each pair of power output terminals can be correspondingly reduced, so that the output current of the power output terminals can be reduced to the value which can meet the requirements of the high-power high-performance motor by using a common power switch tube without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, the cost of a direct-current power supply is reduced, the requirements of a connecting wire and a connecting piece between an external wiring terminal and the power output terminals on contact resistance and insulation are also reduced, the difficulty of production and manufacture is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved;
on the other hand, under the preset control, the output current waveforms of each pair of power output terminals of the direct-current power supply are similar and staggered by m times of the switching period, so that the current sum of m excitation winding units, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current of the motor can be reduced; the current sum of the m pairs of electric brushes, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the motor are reduced, so that the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor are reduced, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotating speed of the motor are reduced, and the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced.
Moreover, when the power output terminal of the direct current power supply and the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, other normal parts can still work, and because the magnetic field excited by the excitation winding unit of the non-fault part mainly acts on the armature winding branch circuit connected with the corresponding electric brush, the phenomenon of sudden runaway of the traditional separately excited direct current motor is avoided, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, and the effective output torque is larger.
In conclusion, the separately excited direct current motor has the advantages of simple structure, short connecting line, simple production process, easiness in manufacturing, convenience in maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety and the like; the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, and can be applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines, submarines and the like, thereby realizing the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the separately excited dc motor of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the separately excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the unfolding of the armature winding of the separately excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional separately excited dc motor;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of the separately excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph comparing an armature current of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention with an armature current of a conventional separately excited dc motor;
fig. 10 is a comparison graph of the excitation current of the separately excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the excitation current of the conventional separately excited dc motor; and
fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the separately excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the torque of the conventional separately excited dc motor.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the separately excited dc motor of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the separately excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic unfolded view of an armature winding single-lap joint of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the separately excited dc motor 100 is connected to m pairs of first power supply output terminals formed by at least one first dc power supply (not shown) and m pairs of second power supply output terminals formed by at least one second dc power supply (not shown), and has a rated input current and a rated excitation input current. When the number of the first direct current power supplies is 1, the m pairs of first power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m first power supply output branch circuits of the first direct current power supplies; when the number of the first direct current power supplies is m, the m pairs of first power supply output terminals are the terminals of the m first direct current power supplies respectively. When the number of the second direct current power supplies is 1, the m pairs of second power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m second power supply output branch circuits of the second direct current power supplies; when the number of the second direct current power supplies is m, the m pairs of second power supply output terminals are respectively terminals of the m second direct current power supplies. The first direct current power supply and the second direct current power supply are any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply, and in the embodiment, the first direct current power supply and the second direct current power supply both use a chopper with a switching frequency of 1 khz.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the separately excited dc motor 100 includes a casing 11, a stator 12, brushes 13, a rotor 14, and a junction box (not shown in the drawings). As shown in fig. 3, the number of pairs of brushes is set to m according to the value of the rated input current. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, m is set to 3 in the present embodiment. When the maximum output current of a pair of power supply output terminals is I1Rated input current of the DC motor is ImaxThe logarithm m of the brushes satisfies the following condition: m is more than Imax÷I1。
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the stator 12 is disposed in the housing 11, and includes 3 pairs of 6 main poles 121 and one excitation winding portion 122.
As shown in fig. 2, each pair of main poles 121 includes an S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-polarity main pole 1212. Of all the main poles 121, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles 121 are opposite.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the field winding portion 122 includes 3 field winding units 1221, and the 3 field winding units 1221 correspond to 3 pairs of main poles 121, respectively. Each field winding unit 1221 is formed by forming field coils 12211 on a corresponding pair of main poles 121 by insulated conductor bars made of metal wires coated with an insulating layer. The insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar, and in this embodiment, the insulated conductor bar is an enameled wire. In this embodiment, the number of turns of the exciting coil 12211 on each of the main poles 121 is the same.
The insulated conductor bar in each excitation winding unit 1221 has one end and the other end distinguished along a preset current direction of the excitation coil 12211, and the S-polarity main pole 1211 and the N-polarity main pole 1212 in each pair of the main poles 121 correspond to a winding direction of the excitation coil 12211 and the preset current direction of the excitation coil 12211. The current circulating directions of the exciting coils 12211 of the adjacent two main poles 121 are opposite.
In each field winding unit 1221, the connection relationship of the 2 field coils 12211 is any one of series connection and parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 2 field coils 12211 in the respective field winding units 1221 is the same. In this embodiment, 2 excitation coils 12211 are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 6 brushes 13 in 3 pairs are fixedly disposed in the housing 11, and each pair of brushes 13 includes an S-pole corresponding brush 131 corresponding to the S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-pole corresponding brush 132 corresponding to the N-polarity main pole 1212. The 2 brushes 13 of each pair of brushes 13 are positioned adjacently, and each pair of brushes 13 corresponds to the spatial position of each corresponding pair of main magnetic poles 121.
The brush 13 is any one of a narrow brush and a wide brush, and the brush 13 is a narrow brush in the present embodiment. Each brush 13 comprises a brush body or at least two separately formed brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel, in this embodiment the brush 13 comprises a brush body.
As shown in fig. 3, two leading ends of each pair of brushes 13 form a first armature terminal 1511 and a second armature terminal 1512, respectively, and m first armature terminals 1511 and m second armature terminals 1512 of all brushes 13 form m pairs of armature external connection terminals (i.e., m armature connection units) corresponding to each other, respectively, and the m pairs of armature external connection terminals are used for one-to-one connection with the m pairs of first power output terminals.
M one ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the excitation winding units 1221 form m first excitation terminals 1611, m other ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the excitation winding units 1221 form m second excitation terminals 1612, m pairs of excitation external connection terminals (i.e., m excitation connection units) are formed by the m first excitation terminals 1611 and the m second excitation terminals 1612 correspondingly, and the m pairs of excitation external connection terminals are used for being connected with the m pairs of second power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, 1 pair of armature external connection terminals 151 are formed corresponding to the first armature terminal 1511 and the second armature terminal 1512, 1 pair of armature external connection terminals 152 are formed corresponding to the first armature terminal 1521 and the second armature terminal 1522, and 1 pair of armature connection terminals 153 are formed corresponding to the first armature terminal 1531 and 3 pairs of armature external connection terminals (i.e., 3 armature connection units) 151, 152, and 153 are provided for one-to-one connection with 3 pairs of first power supply output terminals.
The first field terminal 1611 forms 1 pair of field external connection terminals 161 corresponding to the second field terminal 1612, the first field terminal 1621 forms 1 pair of field external connection terminals 162 corresponding to the second field terminal 1622, the first field terminal 1631 forms 1 pair of field external connection terminals 163 corresponding to the second field terminal 1632, and 3 pairs of field external connection terminals (i.e., 3 field connection units) 161, 162, and 163 are for one-to-one connection with 3 pairs of second power output terminals.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotor 14 is disposed in the stator 12, and includes a plurality of armature windings 141 coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, the number of the armature windings 141 is set to 2m × n, and the predetermined coupling method is any one of a single-winding, a multiple-winding, and a complex wave. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the plurality of armature windings 141 are connected in a single-layer manner, and 2 adjacent brushes 13 are connected to one armature winding branch, each of which contains n armature windings 141.
A terminal block (not shown) is fixed to the cabinet 11, and 3 pairs of armature external connection terminals 151, 152, 153 and 3 pairs of field external connection terminals 161, 162, 163 are provided in the terminal block as shown in fig. 2 and 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional separately excited dc motor; fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of the separately excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 9 is a graph comparing an armature current of a separately excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention with an armature current of a conventional separately excited dc motor; fig. 10 is a comparison graph of the excitation current of the separately excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the excitation current of the conventional separately excited dc motor; fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the separately excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the torque of the conventional separately excited dc motor.
As shown in fig. 6, the terminals of the conventional separately excited dc motor 600 only have 1 armature wiring unit and 1 field wiring unit, the 1 armature wiring unit and the 1 field wiring unit are electrically connected to the 2 pairs of power output terminals of the 2 choppers (not shown in the figure) respectively, and the switching frequencies of the 2 choppers are all 1 khz.
In steady state, the current ripple is the difference between the maximum and minimum values, and the ripple factor is the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum values and the average value.
As shown in fig. 7, in the separately excited dc motor of the present embodiment, the input current ripples of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 are all equal to 11.99 amperes from 99.31 to 87.33, the average value is all equal to 93.32 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 11.99/93.32 × 100% to 12.84%.
As shown in fig. 8, the input current ripples of the three field winding units 1221, 1222, and 1223 of the separately excited dc motor in this embodiment are all equal to 61.97-61.37-0.60 ampere, the average value is equal to 61.67 ampere, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.60/61.67 × 100% -0.97%.
As shown in fig. 9, in a steady state, the armature current of the separately excited dc motor in the present embodiment is equal to the sum of the currents of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 in fig. 7, the ripple of the armature current is 281.95-277.98-3.97 amperes, the average value is 279.97 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.97/279.97 × 100% — 1.42%. The armature current ripple of the traditional separately excited direct current motor is equal to 297.94-261.98-35.96 amperes, the average value is equal to 279.97 amperes, and the ripple factor is equal to 35.96/279.97 × 100% -12.84%. Although the average value of the armature current of the separately excited dc motor in this embodiment is the same as that of the conventional separately excited dc motor, the armature current ripple and the ripple coefficient of the separately excited dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional separately excited dc motor.
As shown in fig. 10, in a steady state, the excitation current of the separately excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to the sum of the currents of the three excitation winding units 1221, 1222, and 1223 in fig. 8, the ripple of the excitation current is 185.10-184.90-0.2 amperes, the average value is 185.0 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.2/185 × 100% -0.11%. The traditional separately excited dc motor has a ripple of 185.9-184.1-1.8 a, an average value of 185.0 a, and a ripple factor of 1.8/185.0 × 100-0.97%. Although the average value of the exciting current of the separately excited dc motor in the present embodiment is the same as that of the conventional separately excited dc motor, both the exciting current ripple and the ripple coefficient of the separately excited dc motor in the present embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional separately excited dc motor.
As is known, the electromagnetic torque and the equation of motion of the separately excited dc motor are as follows
Figure BDA0001824417130000141
Wherein, TemIs an electromagnetic torque; cTIs a torque constant; phi is the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field; l isafIs the mutual inductance of the excitation winding part and the armature winding and is a constant; i isfIs an exciting current; i isaIs the armature current; t isloadIs the load torque; j is the moment of inertia of the load, which is a constant; Ω is the output angular velocity.
In this embodiment, the input current of the separately excited dc motor is equal to the armature current, and the rated input current of the separately excited dc motor is the maximum input current of the motor in the rated operating state.
In the formula (1), the electromagnetic torque TemAnd armature current IaProportional to the product of the magnetic flux phi of the main magnetic field excited by the field winding of the DC motor fed by the chopper, and the electromagnetic torque T is shown by the equation (1)emAnd armature current IaAnd an excitation current IfProportional to the product of (a) and (b), the excitation current IfRipple factor and armature current IaWill result in an electromagnetic torque TemThe ripple factor, ripple or ripple of the output angular velocity Ω, which is larger, is more poor, and the performance of the driving device and the electric equipment is worse.
In this embodiment, LafTaking 1, in a steady state, as shown in fig. 11, the motor torque ripple of the separately excited direct current in the present embodiment is equal to 52188.25-51398.38-789.87 n.m, the average value is equal to 51793.56n.m, and the ripple factor is equal to 1.53%. The torque ripple of the traditional separately excited dc motor is equal to 55386.15-48229.93-7156.21 n.m, the average value is equal to 51798.89n.m, and the ripple factor is equal to 13.82%.
That is to say, although the torque average value of the separately excited dc motor in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the conventional separately excited dc motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the torque of the separately excited dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional separately excited dc motor, which reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor, and further reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotation speed of the motor, and finally achieves the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic interference, vibration, and noise of the motor and improving the performance of the series excited dc motor and the electric device.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the separately excited dc motor provided in the present embodiment, since the field winding portion includes m field winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles, each field winding unit is formed by forming field coils on a corresponding pair of main poles by insulated conductor bars, the insulated conductor bars in each field winding unit have one end and the other end distinguished along a preset current direction of the field coils, two leading ends of each pair of brushes form a first armature terminal and a second armature terminal, respectively, m first armature terminals and m second armature terminals of all the brushes form m pairs of armature external terminals, respectively, the m pairs of armature external terminals are used for connecting with m pairs of first power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, m first field terminals are formed at m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars, and m second field terminals are formed at m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars, m first excitation terminals and m second excitation terminals respectively form m pairs of excitation external terminals corresponding to each other, the m pairs of excitation external terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of second power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, each pair of armature external terminals is connected with a pair of brushes, and each pair of excitation external terminals is connected with an excitation winding unit, so, on one hand, an excitation branch formed by each excitation winding unit and an armature branch formed by each pair of brushes are mutually independent, each excitation branch and each armature branch are mutually independent, the current of each branch is also independent, each branch can independently work and is independently supplied by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, namely: each pair of power output terminals only bears the working current of one branch circuit and only has one m-th of the rated input current of the motor. For the motor with very large rated input current, as long as m is large enough, the working current of each branch circuit or the output current of each pair of power output terminals can be correspondingly reduced, so that the output current of the power output terminals can be reduced to the value which can meet the requirements of the high-power high-performance motor by using a common power switch tube without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, the cost of a direct-current power supply is reduced, the requirements of a connecting wire and a connecting piece between an external wiring terminal and the power output terminals on contact resistance and insulation are also reduced, the difficulty of production and manufacture is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved;
on the other hand, under the preset control, the output current waveforms of each pair of power output terminals of the direct-current power supply are similar and staggered by m times of the switching period, so that the current sum of m excitation winding units, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current of the motor can be reduced; the current sum of the m pairs of electric brushes, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the motor are reduced, so that the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor are reduced, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotating speed of the motor are reduced, and the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced.
Moreover, when the power output terminal of the direct current power supply and the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, other normal parts can still work, and because the magnetic field excited by the excitation winding unit of the non-fault part mainly acts on the armature winding branch circuit connected with the corresponding electric brush, the phenomenon of sudden runaway of the traditional separately excited direct current motor is avoided, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, and the effective output torque is larger.
In conclusion, the separately excited direct current motor of the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, short connecting line, simple production process, easiness in manufacturing, convenience in maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety and the like; the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, and can be applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines, submarines and the like, thereby realizing the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
In addition, each brush comprises at least two separately formed brush bodies which are arranged along the axial direction of the motor and are electrically connected in parallel, so that the actual contact area of each brush and the commutator is increased, and the commutation performance of the brush is improved.
In addition, because the number of turns of the exciting coil on each main magnetic pole is the same, the magnetic field of the motor is uniform and the torque is constant when the motor works normally.
In addition, because each pair of main magnetic poles corresponds to the space position of the corresponding pair of brushes, the magnetic field intensity in the armature winding can be kept maximum when a fault occurs, and therefore the maximum torque can be generated.
In addition, the first direct current power supply and the second direct current power supply are any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectifying power supply respectively, so when the direct current power supply is the chopper or the rectifying power supply, the power switch tube does not need to adopt a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, and the cost is reduced. When the direct current power supply is a battery, the number of parallel branches in the battery is reduced, the battery balance problem generated after a plurality of battery monomers are connected in parallel is reduced, the cost generated by screening the consistency of the battery monomers is also reduced, the overall performance attenuation of the battery caused by parallel connection is reduced, and the energy density, the power, the performance, the durability and the safety are provided.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A separately excited dc motor connected to m pairs of first power supply output terminals formed by at least one first dc power supply and m pairs of second power supply output terminals formed by at least one second dc power supply, having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
the m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to the rated input current;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other in a predetermined coupling manner,
wherein each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole,
the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different,
the 2 brushes in each pair are located adjacent,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the excitation winding part comprises m excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to m pairs of main poles,
each excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing excitation coils on a pair of corresponding main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor bars in each of the field winding units have one end and the other end,
the two terminals of each pair of brushes form a first armature terminal and a second armature terminal respectively,
m pairs of armature external connection terminals are formed by m first armature terminals and m second armature terminals of all the brushes respectively corresponding to each other,
m pairs of the armature external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the first power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
m of said one ends of all said insulated conductor bars form m first field terminals and m of said other ends of all said insulated conductor bars form m second field terminals,
m pairs of excitation external connection terminals are formed by the m first excitation terminals and the m second excitation terminals respectively,
m pairs of the excitation external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the second power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
2. A separately excited dc motor connected to m pairs of first power supply output terminals formed by at least one first dc power supply and m pairs of second power supply output terminals formed by at least one second dc power supply, having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
the m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to the rated input current;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other in a predetermined coupling manner,
wherein each pair of said brushes comprises 2 adjacently positioned brushes,
the excitation winding part comprises m excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to m pairs of main poles,
each excitation winding unit is formed by connecting 2 excitation coils which are respectively wound on a pair of corresponding main magnetic poles by an insulated conductor strip formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor bar in each of the field winding units has one end and the other end distinguished in a preset current direction of the field coil,
each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the exciting coil and the preset current direction of the exciting coil,
the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the two terminals of each pair of brushes form a first armature terminal and a second armature terminal respectively,
m pairs of armature external connection terminals are formed by m first armature terminals and m second armature terminals of all the brushes respectively corresponding to each other,
m pairs of the armature external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the first power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
m of said one ends of all said insulated conductor bars form m first field terminals and m of said other ends of all said insulated conductor bars form m second field terminals,
m pairs of excitation external connection terminals are formed by the m first excitation terminals and the m second excitation terminals respectively,
m pairs of the excitation external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the second power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
3. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein each brush comprises one brush body or at least two separately shaped brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel.
4. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the number of the first direct-current power supplies is 1, and m pairs of first power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the first direct-current power supplies; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the number of the first direct current power supplies is m, and m pairs of the first power supply output terminals are m wiring terminals of the first direct current power supplies respectively.
5. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the number of the second direct-current power supplies is 1, and m pairs of second power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the second direct-current power supplies; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the number of the second direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of second power supply output terminals are respectively the m terminals of the second direct current power supplies.
6. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar.
7. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the number of turns of the exciting coil on each main magnetic pole is the same.
8. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein in each of the excitation winding units, the connection relationship of 2 of the excitation coils is any one of series connection and parallel connection,
the connection relation of the 2 excitation coils in each excitation winding unit is the same.
9. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the predetermined coupling manner is any one of a single stack, a multiple stack, and a complex wave.
10. A separately excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply are any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectified power supply.
CN201811178581.2A 2018-10-10 2018-10-10 Separately excited DC motor Pending CN111277099A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811178581.2A CN111277099A (en) 2018-10-10 2018-10-10 Separately excited DC motor
US17/056,791 US11355973B2 (en) 2018-10-10 2018-11-08 Direct current motor
PCT/CN2018/114622 WO2020073405A1 (en) 2018-10-10 2018-11-08 Direct current motor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811178581.2A CN111277099A (en) 2018-10-10 2018-10-10 Separately excited DC motor

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101064462A (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 王福杰 High starting performance permanent-magnetic DC motor
CN202121398U (en) * 2011-07-04 2012-01-18 东明机电（深圳）有限公司 Series excitation motor with shunt windings
CN110518773A (en) * 2018-05-22 2019-11-29 上海理工大学 A kind of separately excited DC machine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101064462A (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 王福杰 High starting performance permanent-magnetic DC motor
CN202121398U (en) * 2011-07-04 2012-01-18 东明机电（深圳）有限公司 Series excitation motor with shunt windings
CN110518773A (en) * 2018-05-22 2019-11-29 上海理工大学 A kind of separately excited DC machine

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