CN112824394B - PPARs-FXR多靶点小分子激动剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
PPARs-FXR多靶点小分子激动剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112824394B CN112824394B CN201911148610.5A CN201911148610A CN112824394B CN 112824394 B CN112824394 B CN 112824394B CN 201911148610 A CN201911148610 A CN 201911148610A CN 112824394 B CN112824394 B CN 112824394B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种PPARs‑FXR多靶点小分子激动剂及其制备方法和用途,结构如通式I所示,各取代基的定义如说明书和权利要求书所述。本发明所述的化合物具有PPARs和FXR多靶点激动作用,可潜在的用于治疗或者预防糖尿病、高血脂、非酒精性脂肪肝等糖、脂、胆汁酸相关代谢疾病,具有广阔的开发前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一类作为PPARs和FXR多靶点激动剂的化合物及其制备和用途。具体而言,涉及一类可作为PPARs和FXR多靶点激动剂的有机小分子化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐及其制备方法以及其在制备治疗PPARs和FXR相关疾病的药物中的应用。
背景技术
核受体广泛存在生物体内,是一类依靠特异性配体激活的核转录调节因子,PPARs和FXR都属于代谢性核受体,在体内调控着物质代谢、细胞增殖、凋亡等。
PPARs(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体)属于II型核受体超家族成员,参与脂质调节、脂肪生成和血糖控制,共有三种亚型:α、δ(β)和γ。其中PPARα主要负责参与游离脂肪酸氧化相关基因的转录,可以增加高密度脂蛋白水平及脂蛋白脂酶的表达,从而降低低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、血糖和胆固醇、减少脂肪性肝炎的发生;PPARδ(β)在脂类代谢中也起着重要作用,可以增加骨骼、肌肉中游离脂肪酸的消耗;PPARγ主要表达在脂肪组织,在脂肪分化方面有着重要作用,参与脂防酸摄取和脂肪储存的基因的转录,同时具有降低血糖的功能。
FXR(法尼醇X受体)在体内由胆汁酸激活,参与生命体中胆汁酸代谢、脂代谢、糖代谢等过程。FXR调控胆汁酸代谢和转运机制主要通过调控胆汁酸合成限速酶胆固醇7α羟化酶(cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1)的转录完成。FXR作为NASH潜在的治疗靶点主要表现在:(1)FXR激活后调节胆汁酸的体内平衡过程进而间接调节脂质和胆固醇代谢;(2)FXR激活后改善胰岛素的敏感性、抑制甘油三酯的蓄积、促进脂肪酸的氧化进而改善肝脏的脂肪变性和脂质蓄积;(3)FXR激活后抑制相关炎症因子的表达和肝星型细胞的激活从而抑制肝脏炎症和肝纤维化;(4)对FXR的功能调节可预防因肝损伤而导致的肝硬化的发生。所以,FXR作为NASH潜在的治疗靶点,激活后可降低肝脏脂肪的生成、改善脂肪变性和胰岛素的敏感性、抑制可导致肝硬化的炎症和纤维化的发生以及发挥肝保护作用等。
当前,针对NASH疾病的重要靶点PPARs-FXR进行了多靶点的设计开发。所有治疗的NASH药物中FXR激动剂奥贝胆酸目前来看是最快上市、药效最好的药物,但是药效还没有达到满意的程度,同时存在较多的副作用。PPARα激动剂已经有上市药物在临床上作为降血脂药物使用,具有良好的降血脂作用,并能降低体重,改善炎症状态和血管机能(转录调控高密度脂蛋白(HDL)载脂蛋白ApoⅠ和ApoⅡ,减少肝脏LDL的合成和释放来改善血脂);同时PPARα也是治疗NASH的一个有效靶点(PPARα激动剂elafibranor目前正处于临床III研究阶段)。PPARγ激动剂则具有胰岛素增敏、降低血糖的作用,临床上也已经有PPARγ激动剂作为降糖药物上市。由于很大部分NASH患者同时也是肥胖或者糖尿病患者,因此开发PPARs-FXR多靶点激动剂能够增强药效的同时,减少单一靶点激动剂所造成的毒副作用。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供作为PPARs和FXR多靶点激动剂的有机小分子化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述化合物的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述化合物及其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐在制备作为PPARs-FXR多靶点激动剂的应用用。
本发明的第一方面,提供通式I所示的化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
R1和R2各自独立地为取代或未取代C1-C6烷基,取代或未取代C3-C6环烷基,取代或未取代5-10元芳香环,或者取代或未取代5-8元杂芳香环;其中,所述的取代为单取代或多取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基巯基、C1-C6烷氧基、羟基、氰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、硝基;
X、Y各自独立地为O、S或CH2;
为取代或未取代的5-10元芳香环,或者取代或未取代的5-8元杂芳香环;其中,所述的取代为单取代或多取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、羟基、氰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基;
n、m各自独立地为0、1、2或3;
R3和R4各自独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、羟基、氰基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基;
R5为取代或未取代C1-C6烷基,取代或未取代C3-C6环烷基或氢;其中,所述的取代为单取代或多取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:卤素、C1-C3烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C3烷基巯基、C1-C3烷氧基。
在另一优选例中,R1和R2各自独立地为取代或未取代的以下基团:甲基、乙基、环丙基、苯基或吡啶基;其中,所述的取代为单取代、二取代或三取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲基、甲基巯基。
在另一优选例中,R1为取代或未取代的苯基,其中,所述的取代为单取代或二取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲基。在另一优选例中,上述取代基位于邻位。
在另一优选例中,R2为甲基、乙基、环丙基、苯基或吡啶基。。
在另一优选例中,n为0、1、2或3;m为0或1。
在另一优选例中,n为0、1或2。
在另一优选例中,m为0。
在另一优选例中,选自:取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的吡啶基、取代或未取代的萘基;其中,所述的取代为单取代、二取代或三取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲基。
在另一优选例中,为取代或未取代的苯基或者取代或未取代的萘基;其中,所述的取代为单取代或二取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基。
在另一优选例中,为取代或未取代的以下基团: 各取代基的定义同前。
在另一优选例中,R3和R4各自独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羟基、氰基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基。
在另一优选例中,R3为氢、甲基或乙基;和R4为乙基或甲基。
在另一优选例中,R5为氢、甲基、乙基或异丙基。
在另一优选例中,所述化合物选自下组:
本发明的第二方面,提供一种药物组合物,其包含选自第一方面所述的化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐;和
药学上可接受的载体。
本发明提供新型的化合物,可以单独使用,或者将其与可药用的辅料(例如赋形剂、稀释剂等)混合,配制成口服给药的片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂或糖浆剂等。该药物组合物可以按照制药学上常规方法制得。
在另一优选例中,所述药物组合物进一步包含至少一种其他治疗剂。优选地,所述药物组合物中包含的所述至少一种其他治疗剂选自治疗PPARs及FXR相关疾病的药物。
本发明的第三方面,提供第一方面所述的化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(i)式VI化合物与式VII化合物缩合得到式VIII化合物;
(ii)式VIII化合物与式V化合物得到通式I所示的化合物,
式中,R1、R2、X、Y、n、m、R3、R4和R5的定义如前所述。
在另一优选例中,通式VI所示的化合物在碱的作用下与VII反应成通式VIII所示的化合物;碱选自三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲氨基吡啶、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂。
在另一优选例中,通式VIII所示的化合物在碱的作用下直接与通式V所示化合物反应成通式I所示的化合物,碱选自三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲氨基吡啶、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂。
本发明的第四方面,提供第一方面所述的化合物,其对映异构体、非对映异构体、互变异构体、溶剂合物、前药、或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,用作PPARs和FXR靶点激动剂;或
用于制备治疗PPARs及FXR相关疾病的药物。
在另一优选例中,所述相关疾病为胆汁酸代谢、糖代谢、脂代谢、炎症、肝脏纤维化等过程相关疾病。
在另一优选例中,所述相关疾病为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)、胆结石、非酒精性肝硬化、肝纤维化、胆汁淤积性肝病、高血脂症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病或肥胖。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。说明书中所揭示的各个特征,可以被任何提供相同、均等或相似目的的替代性特征取代。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
具体实施方式
本申请的发明人经过广泛而深入地研究,研发出一种可作为PPARs和FXR多靶点激动剂的有机小分子化合物,测试结果表明本发明化合物具有PPARs-FXR多靶点激活能力,能够用于治疗PPARs及FXR相关疾病。在此基础上,完成了本发明。
术语
在本发明中,所述卤素为F、Cl、Br或I。
在本发明中,除非特别指出,所用术语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含义。
在本发明中,术语“C1-C6”是指具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子,“C1-C4”是指具有1、2、3或4个碳原子,依此类推。“5-10元”是指具有5-10个环原子,依此类推。
在本发明中,术语“烷基”表示饱和的线性或支链烃部分,例如术语“C1-C6烷基”是指具有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,非限制性地包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基和已基等;优选乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。
在本发明中,术语“烷氧基”表示-O-(C1-6烷基)基团。例如术语“C1-C6烷氧基”是指具有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,非限制性地包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基和丁氧基等。
在本发明中,术语“环烷基”表示饱和的环状烃基部分,例如术语“C3-C6环烷基”是指在环上具有3至6个碳原子的环状烷基,非限制性地包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。
在本发明中,术语“芳基”表示包含一个或多个芳环的烃基部分。例如术语“5-10元芳香环”、“5-10元芳基”是指在环上不含杂原子的具有5至10个碳原子的芳香族环基,如苯基、萘基等。
在本发明中,术语“杂芳香环”、“杂芳基”是指在环上具有一个或多个杂原子(选自N、O、S)的芳香族环基。
除非另外说明,本文所述的烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂芳香环、杂环基和芳基为取代的和未取代的基团。烷基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂芳香环、杂环基和芳基上可能的取代基包括,但不限于:羟基、氨基、硝基、腈基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、C1-C6烷氧基、芳基、杂芳基、杂芳氧基、C1-C10烷基氨基、C1-C20二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、二芳基氨基、C1-C10烷基氨磺酰基、芳基氨磺酰基、C1-C10烷基亚氨基、C1-C10烷基磺基亚氨基、芳基磺基亚氨基、巯基、C1-C10烷硫基、C1-C10烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、酰基氨基、氨酰基、氨基硫代酰基、胍基、脲基、氰基、酰基、硫代酰基、酰氧基、羧基和羧酸酯基。另一方面,环烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、芳基和杂芳基也可互相稠合。
本发明中,所述取代为单取代或多取代,所述多取代为二取代、三取代、四取代、或五取代。所述二取代就是指具有两个取代基,依此类推。
本发明所述药学上可接受的盐可以是阴离子与式I化合物上带正电荷的基团形成的盐。合适的阴离子为氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫酸根、硝酸根、磷酸根、柠檬酸根、甲基磺酸根、三氟乙酸根、乙酸根、苹果酸根、甲苯磺酸根、酒石酸根、富马酸根、谷氨酸根、葡糖醛酸根、乳酸根、戊二酸根或马来酸根。类似地,可以由阳离子与式I化合物上的带负电荷的基团形成盐。合适的阳离子包括钠离子、钾离子、镁离子、钙离子和铵离子,例如四甲基铵离子。
在另一优选例中,“药学上可接受的盐”是指式I化合物同选自下组的酸形成的盐类:氢氟酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、乙酸、草酸、硫酸、硝酸、甲磺酸、胺基磺酸、水杨酸、三氟甲磺酸、萘磺酸、马来酸、柠檬酸、醋酸、乳酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、酢浆草酸、丙酮酸、苹果酸、谷氨酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、乙磺酸、萘二磺酸、丙二酸、富马酸、丙酸、草酸、三氟乙酸、硬酯酸、扑酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、苯甲酸、谷氨酸、抗坏血酸、对胺基苯磺酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸和羟乙磺酸等;或者式I化合物与无机碱形成的钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铝盐或铵盐;或者通式I化合物与有机碱形成的甲胺盐、乙胺盐或乙醇胺盐。
药物组合物
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,它包含安全有效量范围内的活性成分,以及药学上可接受的载体。
本发明所述的“活性成分”是指本发明所述的式I化合物。
本发明所述的“活性成分”和药物组合物用于制备治疗PPARs及FXR相关疾病的药物。本发明所述的“活性成分”和药物组合物可用作PPARs和FXR靶点激动剂。所述PPARs及FXR相关疾病选自:非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、胆结石、非酒精性肝硬化、肝纤维化、胆汁淤积性肝病、高血脂症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病或肥胖。
“安全有效量”指的是:活性成分的量足以明显改善病情,而不至于产生严重的副作用。通常,药物组合物含有1-2000mg活性成分/剂,更佳地,含有10-200mg活性成分/剂。较佳地,所述的“一剂”为一个药片。
“药学上可接受的载体”指的是:一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质,它们适合于人使用,而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组份能和本发明的活性成分以及它们之间相互掺和,而不明显降低活性成分的药效。药学上可以接受的载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂(如)、润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
本发明的活性成分或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制,代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于):口服、直肠、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)等。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性成分外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性成分外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
本发明化合物可以单独给药,或者与其他治疗药物联合给药。
使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量,对于60kg体重的人而言,日给药剂量通常为1~2000mg,优选20~500mg。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
制备方法
本申请的通式I所示的化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)以取代苯甲醛为起始原料在碱的作用下与盐酸羟胺反应得到中间体后用N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(NCS)氯代后成通式III所示的化合物;
b)然后将通式III所示的化合物在碱性条件下与相应的3-氧代丙酸酯反应为通式IV所示化合物;
c)通式IV所示的化合物中的酯在还原剂还原下生成相应的醇,醇进行溴代后生成V所示的化合物,
d)通式VI所示的化合物在碱的作用下与VII反应成通式VIII所示的化合物;
e)通式VIII所示的化合物在碱的作用下直接与通式V所示化合物反应成通式I所示的化合物。
其中,步骤a),b),d)及e)中的碱选自三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲氨基吡啶、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂;
步骤b)中的碱选自三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、DBU、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾;
步骤c)中的还原剂选自硼氢化钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、氢化锂铝、二异丙基氢化铝、硼烷。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件(如Sambrook等人,分子克隆:实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress,1989)中所述的条件)或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
实施例
所用仪器及主要实验材料如下:
所用试剂和无水溶剂从中国商业公司购买,除特别说明,均直接使用;1H和13CNMR用BrukerAM-400型和Varian Mercury plus-400型核磁共振仪,质谱采用Agilent 6230型质谱仪,及200-300目柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂),HSGF254 TLC板(烟台市化工研究院)。
实施例1:
中间体VI-1合成:
0℃下将碳酸钾水溶液(3N,182mmol)逐滴加入搅拌中的盐酸羟胺(182mmol)的乙醇(100mL)溶液中,2,6-二氯苯甲醛(20g,114mmol)溶于100ml乙醇中,然后加入到羟胺溶液中,将温度升高到90℃,反应两小时。等待混合物冷却到室温然后浓缩至固体。加入水/乙醇(1000mL/100mL)溶液搅拌打碎固体,过滤,50℃下真空干燥过夜,得到化合物中间体(18.4g)。将此中间体溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL),在0℃下逐滴加入N-氯代丁二酰亚胺(97mmol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)溶液中,搅拌过夜。将反应液倒入0℃的冰水中,然后用甲基叔丁基醚(每次200mL,共3次)萃取,用饱和食盐水洗涤有机相,浓缩得到粗品。往装有粗品的烧瓶中加入正己烷(600mL),利用磁子搅拌,过滤,将固体在真空下(30℃)干燥得到中间体III-1(18.3g,收率73%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43–7.39(m,2H),7.39–7.33(m,1H).
将三乙胺(8.2g)加入到3-环丙基-3-氧代丙酸甲酯(82mmol)中,搅拌30分钟。然后冷却到10℃,再将III-1(18.3g,82mmol)的无水乙醇(80mL)溶液逐滴加入其中(内温不超过30℃),反应在室温下过夜。加入乙酸乙酯(100mL)稀释反应液,用水洗涤,并用乙酸乙酯(每次100mL,共3次)萃取水相。混合有机相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,浓缩。向浓缩物中加入100mL乙醚搅拌,真空下除去溶剂可得到固体产物IV-1(21.6g,收率84%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43–7.39(m,2H),7.39–7.33(m,1H),3.72(s,3H),2.21–2.09(m,1H),1.35–1.28(m,2H),1.25–1.18(m,2H).
将IV-1(21.6g,69mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(140mL)中,冷却到0℃,向溶液中缓慢滴加二异丁基氢化铝的甲苯溶液(1.5M,102mL),反应液在室温下搅拌6h。将反应液缓慢倒入冰水中,并加入1M盐酸水溶液调节pH约等于2,乙酸乙酯(每次100mL,共三次)萃取,浓缩,柱层析得到中间体醇;将此中间体和三苯基膦(59mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(60mL)中,冷却至0℃,在氮气保护下,逐滴加入四溴化碳(62mmol)的二氯甲烷(60mL)溶液,室温反应4h。将反应液除去溶剂得到油状物,经柱层析得到中间体V-1(15.3g收率96%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49–7.44(m,2H),7.43–7.37(m,1H),4.25(d,J=1.3Hz,2H),2.21–2.09(m,1H),1.35–1.28(m,2H),1.25–1.18(m,2H).
将VII-1(11.0g,100mmol)溶于DMF(150mL)中,向溶液中分批次加入NaH(4g,100mmol),反应液在室温下搅拌1h后缓慢滴加2-溴-2-甲基丙酸乙酯(19.5g,100mmol).该反应室温过夜。后加入水50mL淬灭反应,用1M盐酸水溶液调节pH约等于4,乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩,柱层析得到中间体VIII-1(13.6g,收率61%);1HNMR(400MHz,CDCL3)δ:6.80-6.74(m,2H),6.72-6.66(m,2H),4.22(q,2H),1.51(s,6H),1.27(t,3H);MS(ESI,m/z):223.1[M-H]-。
将化合物VI-1(173mg,0.5mmol),VIII-1(112mg,0.5mmol)和碳酸钾(138mg,1mmol)加入到乙腈(15mL)中,60度反应10小时。反应结束后,过滤后浓缩得到粗品IX-1,直接用于下一步;MS(ESI,m/z):490.1[M+H]+。
将化合物IX-1(0.23g,0.47mmol),和氢氧化钠(40mg,1mmol)加入到乙醇和水的混合溶液(10mL,V/V=9:1)中,60度反应10小时。反应结束后,减压除去溶剂后加入10毫升水,用1M盐酸水溶液调节pH约等于1,乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩,柱层析得到产物无色油状1(0.18g,两步收率78%);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.41-7.26(m,3H),6.83(d,2H),6.68(d,2H),4.75(s,2H),2.18-2.07(m,1H),1.52(s,6H),1.27-1.20(m,2H),1.13-1.06(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):462.1[M+H]+。
实施例2:
实施例2的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-1出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
从原料II-2出发按照合成化合物V-1的合成方法合成化合物V-2,其中
白色固体IV-2收率58%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.74–7.59(m,2H),7.56(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.3.73(s,3H),2.19–2.09(m,1H),1.33–1.27(m,2H),1.24–1.15(m,2H)。
无色液体V-2收率88%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.84(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.73–7.61(m,2H),7.57(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.23(s,2H),2.17–2.09(m,1H),1.32–1.27(m,2H),1.23–1.17(m,2H).
从原料VI-1出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物2,其中;
白色固体VII-2,收率81%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.78–6.68(m,4H),4.47(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.23(qd,J=7.1,1.6Hz,2H),2.01–1.91(m,2H),1.26(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.08(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。MS(ESI,m/z):225.1[M+H]+。
无色液体VIII-2,收率81%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82–7.75(m,1H),7.63–7.53(m,2H),7.48–7.42(m,1H),6.83–6.77(m,2H),6.76–6.70(m,2H),4.69(s,2H),4.46(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.22(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.17–2.07(m,1H),2.02–1.92(m,2H),1.30–1.22(m,5H),1.15–1.05(m,5H)。MS(ESI,m/z):490.1[M+H]+。
无色油状2,收率87%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82–7.76(m,1H),7.62–7.53(m,2H),7.46–7.42(m,1H),6.84–6.79(m,2H),6.76–6.72(m,2H),4.71(s,2H),4.52–4.46(m,1H),2.17–2.09(m,1H),2.03–1.94(m,2H),1.27–1.22(m,2H),1.15–1.05(m,5H)。MS(ESI,m/z):462.1[M+H]+。
实施例3:
实施例3的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-1出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
从原料VI-1出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物3,无色油状,收率49%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.30(m,3H),7.01(d,2H),6.81(d,2H),4.27(s,2H),3.50(t,2H),2.70(t,2H),2.12-2.04(m,1H),1.57(s,6H),1.25-1.19(m,2H),1.10-1.03(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):490.1[M+H]+。
实施例4:
从原料V-2及VII-3出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物4;
无色油状VIII-4收率88%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.80-7.75(m,1H),7.60-7.51(m,2H),7.39-7.33(m,1H),6.99(d,2H),6.74(d,2H),4.23(q,2H),4.19(s,2H),3.50(t,2H),2.71(t,2H),2.10-2.01(m,1H),1.57(s,6H),1.27-1.18(m,5H),1.10-1.02(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):518.2[M+H]+。
无色油状4,收率91%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.79-7.75(m,1H),7.60-7.51(m,2H),7.36-7.32(m,1H),7.03(d,2H),6.83(d,2H),4.19(s,2H),3.51(t,2H),2.73(t,2H),2.10-2.01(m,1H),1.57(s,6H),1.23-1.18(m,2H),1.09-1.03(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):490.2[M+H]+。
实施例5:
实施例5的制备参考实施例1的操作;从中间体III-1出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体IV-5收率51%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45–7.41(m,2H),7.39–7.34(m,1H),3.71(s,3H),2.82(s,3H).
从原料IV-5出发按照合成化合物VIII-1的合成方法合成化合物中间体VIII-5。无色油状VIII-5收率81%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.29(m,3H),6.78-6.73(m,2H),6.67-6.61(m,2H),4.67(s,2H),4.23(q,H),2.52(s,3H),1.52(s,6H),1.27(t,3H);MS(ESI,m/z):464.1[M+H]+。
无色油状5收率79%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.29(m,3H),6.84(d,2H),6.68(d,2H),4.69(s,2H),2.53(s,3H),1.52(s,6H);MS(ESI,m/z):436.1[M+H]+。
实施例6:
实施例6的制备参考实施例1的操作;从中间体III-1出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体IV-6收率67%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.58–7.44(m,5H),7.41–7.36(m,1H),3.65(s,3H).
从原料IV-6出发按照合成化合物VIII-1的合成方法合成化合物中间体VIII-6。白色固体VIII-6,收率66%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.90-7.84(m,2H),7.54-7.49(m,3H),7.44-7.31(m,3H),6.79-6.73(m,2H),6.68-6.62(m,2H),4.81(s,2H),4.23(q,H),1.52(s,6H),1.27(t,3H);MS(ESI,m/z):526.1[M+H]+。
白色固体6收率86%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.90-7.84(m,2H),7.54-7.48(m,3H),7.44-7.31(m,3H),6.86-6.80(m,2H),6.71-6.65(m,2H),4.84(s,2H),1.53(s,6H);MS(ESI,m/z):498.1[M+H]+。
实施例7:
从原料V-2及VII-1出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物7;无色油状,收率51%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.81-7.74(m,1H),7.62-7.53(m,2H),7.47-7.41(m,1H),6.88-6.81(m,2H),6.73-6.66(m,2H),4.68(s,2H),2.16-2.07(m,1H),1.52(s,6H),1.27-1.22(m,2H),1.14-1.07(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):462.1[M+H]+。
实施例8:
实施例8的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体II-9出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
从原料II-8出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物8,其中
白色固体IV-8收率59%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66–7.50(m,2H),7.49–7.41(m,2H),3.70(s,2H),2.18–2.10(m,1H),1.31–1.26(m,2H),1.23–1.17(m,2H).
无色液体V-8收率82%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65–7.52(m,2H),7.49–7.40(m,2H),4.36(s,2H),2.18–2.10(m,1H),1.31–1.26(m,2H),1.23–1.17(m,2H).
从原料V-8及VII-1出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物8;无色油状,收率58%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.57-7.46(m,2H),7.40-7.33(m,2H),6.89-6.82(m,2H),6.75-6.68(m,2H),4.82(s,2H),2.18-2.09(m,1H),1.53(s,6H),1.27-1.21(m,2H),1.14-1.07(m,2H)。MS(ESI,m/z):478.1[M+H]+。
实施例9:
实施例9的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体II-9出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体IV-9收率64%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43–7.34(m,1H),7.00–6.91(m,2H),3.69(s,3H),2.92–2.83(m,1H),1.36–1.31(m,2H),1.25–1.20(m,2H)。
无色液体V-9收率82%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54–7.44(m,1H),7.11–7.04(m,2H),4.33(s,2H),2.20–2.08(m,1H),1.34–1.17(m,4H)。
从原料V-9及VII-1出发按照合成化合物1的合成方法合成化合物9;无色油状,收率53%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.46-7.36(m,1H),7.04-6.95(m,2H),6.88-6.82(m,2H),6.73-6.67(m,2H),4.83(s,2H),2.18-2.09(m,1H),1.52(s,6H),1.28-1.21(m,2H),1.14-1.07(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):429.1[M+H]+。
实施例10:
实施例10的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-10出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体,收率33%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.41-7.28(m,3H),6.64(d,1H),6.53(d,1H),4.74(s,2H),2.18-2.12(m,1H),2.12(s,3H),1.96(s,3H),1.52(s,6H),1.30-1.24(m,2H),1.15-1.09(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):490.1[M+H]+。
实施例11:
实施例11的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-11出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体,收率39%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.28(m,3H),6.80(s,1H),6.51(s,1H),4.74(s,2H),2.20-2.09(m,1H),1.65(s,6H),1.35(s,9H),1.32-1.25(m,2H),1.18(s,9H),1.14-1.07(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):574.2[M+H]+。
实施例12:
实施例12的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-12出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体,收率44%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.80(d,1H),7.75(d,1H),7.38-7.22(m,5H),6.89(d,1H),6.80(d,1H),4.98(s,2H),2.24-2.15(m,1H),1.71(s,6H),1.33-1.26(m,2H),1.16-1.08(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):512.1[M+H]+。
实施例13:
实施例13的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-13出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
白色固体13,收率32%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.58(t,2H),7.41-7.20(m,4H),7.12(dd,1H),7.05-6.97(m,2H),4.90(s,2H),2.25-2.16(m,1H),1.62(s,6H),1.32-1.27(m,2H),1.17-1.11(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):512.1[M+H]+。
实施例14:
实施例14的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体II-14出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
从原料II-14出发按照合成化合物V-1的合成方法合成化合物V-14,其中
白色固体IV-14收率54%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52–7.44(m,2H),7.32–7.26(m,1H),7.21(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.46(t,J=73.7Hz,1H),3.72(s,3H),2.88–2.80(m,1H),1.37–1.32(m,2H),1.26–1.22(m,2H)。
无色液体V-14收率72%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60–7.51(m,2H),7.41–7.32(m,2H),6.51(t,J=73.7Hz,1H),4.38(s,2H),2.18–2.10(m,1H),1.32–1.17(m,4H).
无色油状VIII-14收率54%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.55-7.43(m,2H),7.33-7.22(m,2H),6.90-6.82(m,2H),6.76-6.68(m,2H),6.44(t,1H),,4.83(s,2H),2.18-2.08(m,1H),1.53(s,6H),1.25-1.19(m,2H),1.13-1.06(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):444.1[M+H]+。
实施例15:
实施例15的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-15出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
油状液体15,收率59%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.28(m,3H),7.10(t,1H),6.55-6.46(m,2H),6.41(t,1H),4.76(s,2H),2.19-2.10(m,1H),1.57(s,6H),1.31-1.23(m,2H),1.16-1.09(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):462.1[M+H]+。
实施例16:
实施例16的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-16出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
油状液体16,收率51%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.43-7.28(m,3H),7.05(d,2H),6.81(d,2H),4.33(s,2H),4.28(s,2H),2.15-2.06(m,1H),1.58(s,6H),1.27-1.24(m,2H),1.13-1.06(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):476.1[M+H]+。
实施例17:
实施例17的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-17出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
油状液体17,收率38%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.41-7.28(m,3H),6.80(s,2H),4.30(s,2H),4.27(s,2H),2.17(s,6H),2.15-2.07(m,1H),1.47(s,6H),1.28-1.22(m,2H),1.13-1.06(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):504.1[M+H]+。
实施例18:
实施例18的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-18出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
油状液体18,收率47%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.30(m,3H),6.90(d,1H),6.83(s,1H),6.71(d,1H),4.35(s,2H),4.34(s,2H),2.17-2.08(m,1H),1.49(s,6H),1.30-1.26(m,2H),1.15-1.09(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):506.1[M+H]+。
实施例19:
实施例19的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-19出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
油状液体19,收率41%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.44-7.31(m,3H),7.20(d,1H),7.02-6.93(m,2H),4.31(s,4H),2.15-2.06(m,1H),1.61(s,6H),1.30-1.26(m,2H),1.16-1.09(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):510.1[M+H]+。
实施例20:
实施例20的制备参考实施例1的操作,从中间体VI-20出发通过合成化合物1的路线制备得到,合成路线如下:
油状液体20,收率55%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.30(m,3H),7.00(s,1H),6.89(d,1H),6.70(d,1H),4.29(s,4H),2.19(s,3H),2.16-2.08(m,1H),1.59(s,6H),1.29-1.24(m,2H),1.14-1.07(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):490.1[M+H]+。
实施例21:
PPARs和FXR活性测试方法:
293T细胞以1*104/孔接种于96孔平底微孔细胞培养板,24小时候,待细胞融合约80%作用即对数生长期,按照Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen)操作步骤分别将GLA4-PPARα,GLA4-PPARβ/δ,GLA4-PPARγ,GLA4-FXR表达质粒(20ng/孔)与50ng/ml pG5-luc)荧光素酶报告基因质粒(50ng/孔)和内参基因TK(5ng/孔)共转染。转染24小时后加入待测化合物及阳性对照(GFT-505(PPARα、β),罗格列酮(PPARγ),OCA(FXR)),1‰DMSO为空白对照。待测化合物作用24h后,使用
Dual-luciferase Reporter kit(Promega)检测荧光强弱以反映化合物对相应受体的的激活效率。待测化合物对阳性化合物的相对活性(相对活性=(待测化合物信号强度-空白对照)/(阳性化合物信号强度-空白对照)*100%)。EC50的值通过软件GraphpadPrism 7计算得到。结果如表1所示。
表1活性测试结果
结论:测试结果表明本发明所述化合物都具有PPARs-FXR多靶点激活能力,具有进一步开发的潜力。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (12)
1.一种通式I所示的化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
R2为甲基、乙基、C3-C6环烷基或者苯基;
R1为取代或未取代的苯基;其中,所述的取代为单取代或多取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基;
X、Y为O;
选自:取代或未取代的苯环、取代或未取代的萘环;其中,所述的取代为单取代、二取代或三取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基;
n为0、1、2或3;
m为0或1;
R3为氢或C1-C4烷基;
R4为C1-C4烷基;
R5为氢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R2为甲基、乙基、环丙基或苯基;
R1为取代或未取代的苯基;其中,所述的取代为单取代、二取代或三取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,n为0、1或2;m为0。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,选自:取代或未取代的苯环、取代或未取代的萘环;其中,所述的取代为单取代或二取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R3为C1-C4烷基;
R4为C1-C4烷基。
6.根据权利要求4所述的化合物,其特征在于,为取代或未取代的以下基团:其中,所述的取代为单取代或二取代,各取代基独立地选自下组:氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R3为氢、甲基或乙基;和R4为乙基或甲基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物选自下组:
9.一种药物组合物,其包含选自根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐;和药学上可接受的载体。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其对映异构体、非对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(i)式VI化合物与式VII化合物缩合得到式VIII化合物;
(ii)式VIII化合物与式V化合物得到通式I所示的化合物,
式中,R1、R2、X、Y、n、m、R3、R4和R5的定义如权利要求1所述。
11.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的化合物,其对映异构体、非对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,其特征在于,
用作制备PPARs和FXR靶点激动剂的药物。
12.如权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于,所述PPARs有三种亚型:α、β和γ。
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