CN112821083B - Double circular polarization array antenna unit based on Ka wave band - Google Patents
Double circular polarization array antenna unit based on Ka wave band Download PDFInfo
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- CN112821083B CN112821083B CN202011635621.9A CN202011635621A CN112821083B CN 112821083 B CN112821083 B CN 112821083B CN 202011635621 A CN202011635621 A CN 202011635621A CN 112821083 B CN112821083 B CN 112821083B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on Ka waveband in the technical field of array antennas, which can simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals, does not need an additional orthogonal mode converter, and has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight and the like. The partition plate circular polarizer is installed inside the rectangular waveguide, and the horn antenna, the triangular metal plate and the honeycomb pore plate are sequentially arranged at the output end of the rectangular waveguide; the diaphragm circular polarizer is provided with a plurality of steps with the heights decreasing in sequence, wherein the step with the smallest height is positioned on one side of the horn antenna; the triangular metal plates are multiple, and each triangular metal plate is fixedly connected with the horn antenna and the honeycomb pore plate respectively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of array antennas, and particularly relates to a double circularly polarized array antenna unit based on a Ka waveband.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, more and more wireless electronic devices are being developed and produced. The C band and Ku band spectrum resources widely used in commercial satellite communication are increasingly saturated. Some foreign organizations have started research on expanding satellite communication frequency bands from the last 70 th century and explore the system of a new generation of high-capacity satellite communication system. In recent years, China also has tightened the development and development of Ka frequency band satellites. In the prior art, the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals can be realized only by adopting an additional orthogonal mode converter, so that the problems of complex structure, heavy weight and the like of a device are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on a Ka waveband, which can simultaneously realize the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals, does not need an additional orthogonal mode converter, and has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the first aspect provides a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit, which comprises a rectangular waveguide, a partition plate circular polarizer, a horn antenna, a triangular metal plate and a honeycomb pore plate, wherein the partition plate circular polarizer is installed inside the rectangular waveguide, and the horn antenna, the triangular metal plate and the honeycomb pore plate are sequentially arranged at the output end of the rectangular waveguide; the diaphragm circular polarizer is provided with a plurality of steps with the heights decreasing in sequence, wherein the step with the smallest height is positioned on one side of the horn antenna; the triangular metal plates are multiple, and each triangular metal plate is fixedly connected with the horn antenna and the honeycomb pore plate respectively.
Further, the number of steps of the diaphragm circular polarizer is less than or equal to six.
Further, the number of the steps of the partition plate circular polarizer is six, wherein the height of each step is in turn from low to high: 0.15mm, 1.2mm, 3.29mm, 4.57mm, 5.8mm, 9mm, the length is in order: 5.59mm, 1.98mm, 3.6mm, 6.67mm, 1.78mm, 3 mm; the thickness of the diaphragm circular polarizer is 1.57 mm.
Furthermore, there are four triangular metal plates, and the four triangular metal plates are respectively located on central lines of four side surfaces of the horn antenna.
Furthermore, four honeycomb-shaped hole-shaped output ports are symmetrically arranged on the honeycomb pore plate.
In a second aspect, there is provided an antenna apparatus configured with the dual circularly polarized array antenna unit of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, there is provided an apparatus configured with the dual circularly polarized array antenna unit of the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the baffle circular polarizer is arranged in the rectangular waveguide and is matched with the horn antenna, the triangular metal plate and the honeycomb pore plate, so that the conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circular polarization signals are realized, an additional orthogonal mode converter is not needed, and the rectangular waveguide has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight and the like;
(2) the antenna unit has the characteristics of wide frequency band, good axial ratio performance, small volume, capability of realizing receiving and transmitting sharing and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic plane structure diagram of an input end of a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic plane structure diagram of an output end of a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on a Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an output end of a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on a Ka band without a cellular aperture plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a diaphragm circular polarizer of a dual circular polarization array antenna unit based on Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a cellular aperture plate of a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit based on Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic plane structure diagram of a diaphragm circular polarizer of a dual circular polarization array antenna unit based on Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a diaphragm circular polarizer of a dual circular polarization array antenna unit based on Ka band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a difference in S parameters for a diaphragm circular polarizer in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a phase difference of a diaphragm polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows the return loss of an antenna element in the simulation results of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows the isolation of antenna elements in simulation results of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 shows the gain of the antenna unit in the receiving band according to the simulation result of the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is an axial ratio of the antenna unit of the receiving band in the simulation result of the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 shows the gains of the antenna units in the transmitting band according to the simulation result of the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is an axial ratio of the antenna units in the transmission frequency band in the simulation result of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 8, a dual circularly polarized array antenna unit includes a rectangular waveguide 1, a partition plate circular polarizer 2, a horn antenna 3, a triangular metal plate 4 and a honeycomb pore plate 5, wherein the partition plate circular polarizer 2 is made of a metal material, and is installed inside the rectangular waveguide 1 to implement circular polarization of electromagnetic waves; the output end of the rectangular waveguide 1 is sequentially provided with a horn antenna 3, a triangular metal plate 4 and a honeycomb pore plate 5, and the rectangular waveguide 1 is matched with the horn antenna 3 to realize the transmission of electromagnetic waves and enlarge gain; the diaphragm circular polarizer 2 has a plurality of steps of successively decreasing heights, wherein the step of the smallest height is located on the horn antenna 3 side; the number of the triangular metal plates 4 is multiple, each triangular metal plate 4 is fixedly connected with the horn antenna 3 and the honeycomb pore plate 5 respectively, in the embodiment, four triangular metal plates 4 are made of metal, the four triangular metal plates 4 are located on central lines of four side faces of the horn antenna 3 respectively, and the triangular metal plates 4 attached to the horn antenna 3 are used for inhibiting return loss of the antenna; four honeycomb type porous output ports 51 are symmetrically arranged on the honeycomb pore plate 5, in the embodiment, the honeycomb pore plate 5 is made of metal, a one-to-four structure is used, the size of each unit is reduced, and grating lobes are effectively inhibited.
In this embodiment, the circular polarization of the antenna unit is mainly realized by the partition plate circular polarizer 2. The working principle of the partition plate circular polarizer 2 can be analyzed by using an odd-even mode method, signals of a left port and a right port of a transmitting port can be regarded as superposition of odd-even mode excitation, and the odd mode passes through the partition plate circular polarizer 2 through TE01 without changing direction, so that a horizontal polarization component is finally formed; the even mode gradually gets close to the middle through the partition plate, and finally forms a vertical polarization component, and simultaneously, the phase lags behind. The specific polarization process is as shown in fig. 9, when the linear polarization wave reaches the other end through the partition plate circular polarizer 2, the electric field TE10 mode needs to be rotated by 90 ° and phase delay of 90 ° is performed, the right port is used for matching when the left port is used for transmission, and the left port is used for matching when the right port is used for transmission in the same way, so that the two ports respectively obtain right-hand circular polarization waves and left-hand circular polarization waves, and double circular polarization is realized. The partition plate circular polarizer 2 can easily achieve power equalization, but the partition plate circular polarizer 2 needs to be designed carefully to ensure that the phase difference is 90 °, including the thickness of the partition plate circular polarizer, the number of steps of the partition plate circular polarizer, the size of each step of partition plate, and the like, and the size of the partition plate circular polarizer needs to be adjusted finely according to the working frequency band.
Two important parameters for measuring the partition plate circular polarizer 2 are that the difference between the S parameters of the TE10 wave and the TE01 wave at the output port is as small as possible, and the phase difference is 90 degrees, in simulation, the fact that the performance and the bandwidth of the partition plate circular polarizer 2 can be improved by increasing the number of steps of the partition plate circular polarizer 2 is found, but the improvement effect is not obvious when the total number of steps is more than 5, when the number of steps of the partition plate circular polarizer 2 is less than or equal to 6, the performance and the bandwidth are both improved well, the partition plate is simple in structure and convenient to process as far as possible in consideration of high-frequency use, in the embodiment, the partition plate with 6 steps is selected, in addition, the thin partition plate circular polarizer 2 can reduce the insertion loss of the partition plate circular polarizer 2, and in order to ensure the mechanical strength, the partition plate circular polarizer 2 needs to have a certain thickness; in this embodiment, the size of the antenna unit is 12 × 12 × 46mm, the thickness of the adopted diaphragm circular polarizer 2 is δ =1.57mm, and the heights of the steps are, in order from low to high: b1=0.15mm, b2=1.2mm, b3=3.29mm, b4=4.57mm, b5=5.8mm, b6=9mm, the lengths being in the following order: a1=5.59mm, a2=1.98mm, a3=3.6mm, a4=6.67mm, a5=1.78mm, a6=3 mm. After simulation, the transmission frequency is 28.1-30 GHZ, and the receiving frequency is 17.3-20.2 GHZ, so that the requirements can be met. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the S parameter difference and the phase difference of the diaphragm circular polarizer in this embodiment are within 1db, the phase difference in the operating frequency band is basically between plus and minus 10 °, the circular polarization performance is good, and the actual requirement can be met.
The horn antenna 3 has the advantages of high efficiency, standing wave bottom, wide bandwidth, high power and the like, is suitable for being used as an array unit antenna, has a simple structure, is easy to adjust, has relatively low loss due to small length, and needs to have lower axial ratio and better gain for the unit antenna. In the present embodiment, the horn antenna 3 is added to the output port of the transmitting and receiving dual circularly polarized array antenna unit, in principle, the TEM wave enters the waveguide input port on one side through the feed at one end, the waveguide input port on the other side is used for matching, after passing through the partition plate circular polarizer 2, the TEM wave is decomposed into two orthogonal electromagnetic waves, and since the partition plate circular polarizer 2 is suitable for the propagation of the electromagnetic waves, two waves with relative phase differences of 90 ° are formed at the output port, and a relatively good circularly polarized wave is formed. The two circular polarization antenna unit of this embodiment design is in order to improve the efficiency of antenna, reduce return loss, the innovation has adopted the cellular type poroid delivery outlet, honeycomb orifice plate 5 promptly, honeycomb orifice plate 5 has used one minute four structure, the diameter R =2mm of every cellular type poroid delivery outlet 51 on honeycomb orifice plate 5, the size of every unit has been reduced, the grating lobe has effectively been suppressed, in addition, triangular metal plate 4 structure has been increased on four edges of the delivery outlet of feedhorn 3, the size of triangular metal plate 4 is that right-angle side length is 1.25mm and 4.6mm respectively, thickness is 0.8mm, the return loss of antenna unit has been reduced, for traditional feedhorn, the radiation efficiency of antenna unit has greatly increased, the isolation has been promoted. For the antenna unit, it is required to ensure that its return loss and isolation are as small as possible, and through optimization, the return loss and isolation of the antenna unit are as shown in fig. 12 and 13, and the return loss and isolation are lower than-15 db between the two frequency bands of receiving (17.5-20 GHZ) and transmitting (28-30 GHZ).
The gain-to-axis ratio is also an important parameter for a dual circularly polarized antenna unit, the ideal dual circularly polarized antenna unit should have the axis ratio as small as possible, the main lobe gain as large as possible and the grating lobes as removed as possible, for a square horn array antenna, the conditions of antenna radiation and no grating lobe generation are that the aperture of a radiation unit is larger than half of the working wavelength, the distance between the radiation units is smaller than one working wavelength, the simulation size of the antenna unit in the embodiment is 12mm, the gain-to-axis ratio is as shown in fig. 14 to 17, the grating lobes are maintained at about plus or minus 60 degrees in the central frequency band of transmission and reception, and the main lobe-to-axis ratio is lower than 3 db.
According to the embodiment, the separation plate circular polarizer is arranged in the rectangular waveguide and matched with the horn antenna, the triangular metal plate and the honeycomb pore plate, conversion and separation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized signals are achieved, an additional orthomode converter is not needed, the rectangular waveguide circular polarizer has the advantages of being small in size, light in weight and the like, return loss and isolation of receiving and transmitting two frequency bands are lower than-15 db, main lobe gain is about 30db, axial ratio is lower than 5db, circular polarization effect of an antenna unit is good, and radiation efficiency is high. Meanwhile, the antenna is simple in structure and easy to process, and the requirements of different communication systems on antenna gain can be met through sub-array splicing.
Example two:
based on the dual circular polarization array antenna unit of the first embodiment, the present embodiment provides an antenna apparatus, where the antenna apparatus is configured with a plurality of dual circular polarization array antenna units of the first embodiment.
Example three:
based on the dual circularly polarized array antenna unit according to the first embodiment, this embodiment provides an apparatus, where the apparatus is configured with the dual circularly polarized array antenna unit according to the first embodiment or with the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A dual circularly polarized array antenna unit is characterized by comprising a rectangular waveguide, a partition plate circular polarizer, a horn antenna, a triangular metal plate and a honeycomb pore plate, wherein the partition plate circular polarizer is installed inside the rectangular waveguide; the diaphragm circular polarizer is provided with a plurality of steps with the heights decreasing in sequence, wherein the step with the smallest height is positioned on one side of the horn antenna; the number of the triangular metal plates is multiple, and each triangular metal plate is fixedly connected with the horn antenna and the honeycomb pore plate respectively;
the number of the triangular metal plates is four, and the four triangular metal plates are respectively positioned on central lines of four side surfaces of the horn antenna.
2. The dual circular polarization array antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the number of steps of the diaphragm circular polarizer is equal to or less than six.
3. The dual circularly polarized array antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the number of steps of the diaphragm circular polarizer is six, wherein the steps are in order from low to high, and the heights are in order: 0.15mm, 1.2mm, 3.29mm, 4.57mm, 5.8mm, 9mm, the length is in order: 5.59mm, 1.98mm, 3.6mm, 6.67mm, 1.78mm, 3 mm; the thickness of the diaphragm circular polarizer is 1.57 mm.
4. The dual circularly polarized array antenna unit of claim 1, wherein four honeycomb-shaped aperture outlets are symmetrically disposed on said honeycomb aperture plate.
5. An antenna device, wherein the antenna device is provided with a plurality of dual circularly polarized array antenna elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A communication device, wherein said communication device is provided with a plurality of dual circularly polarized array antenna elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN113851825B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-03-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized radiator and design method thereof |
| CN115241643B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-03-22 | 杭州电子科技大学 | High-isolation double-circular polarized antenna based on K, ka wave band |
| CN116845547A (en) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-10-03 | 电子科技大学 | Ka band dual-polarization 2bit array antenna |
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