CN112816891A - Battery capacity and SOC estimation method based on monomer charging curve difference in battery pack - Google Patents

Battery capacity and SOC estimation method based on monomer charging curve difference in battery pack Download PDF

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CN112816891A
CN112816891A CN202110002692.3A CN202110002692A CN112816891A CN 112816891 A CN112816891 A CN 112816891A CN 202110002692 A CN202110002692 A CN 202110002692A CN 112816891 A CN112816891 A CN 112816891A
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monomer
charging
curve
soc
capacity
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郑岳久
庞康
欧阳明高
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention relates to a battery capacity and SOC estimation method based on monomer charging curve difference in a battery pack, which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity, the SOC and the charging time interval difference curve slope and intercept of the single body; 2) based on the charging data, finding out a first monomer of the battery pack reaching a charging cut-off voltage as a reference monomer, and selecting the other monomers (except the reference monomer) as monomers to be detected; 3) calculating the internal resistance difference between the reference monomer and the monomer to be detected, and translating the reference monomer charging curve up and down to obtain a reference monomer charging curve after correcting the internal resistance difference; 4) obtaining a charging time interval difference curve of a reference monomer and a monomer to be detected by using an interpolation method, and performing linear fitting once to obtain a slope and an intercept; 5) and calculating to obtain the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity and the SOC and the slope and intercept of the charging time interval difference curve of the monomer.

Description

Battery capacity and SOC estimation method based on monomer charging curve difference in battery pack
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a battery capacity and SOC estimation method based on monomer charging curve difference in a battery pack.
Background
With the increasing of the reserve of electric automobiles in recent years, the estimation of the capacity and the SOC of a single battery pack is beneficial to the improvement of the overall performance of a battery management system, and the endurance mileage of the electric automobiles is guaranteed.
Most of the existing battery capacity estimation methods, such as a capacity closed-loop estimation method based on data driving, a capacity open-loop prediction method based on an empirical model and the like, estimate the capacity of the battery pack, and in addition, some battery pack single capacity estimation methods, such as the estimation of the battery pack single capacity based on charging curve consistency, are too complex and are not suitable for data processing of real vehicles. The estimation of the battery pack single-cell capacity based on the RCC and RDC algorithms requires the calculation of the RCC and the RDC of each single cell one by one, and the calculation amount is large, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale data processing. At present, methods for estimating the SOC of the electric automobile at home and abroad mainly comprise an ampere-hour integral method, an open-circuit voltage method, a linear model method, a neural network method, a Kalman filtering method and the like, and the achieved precision is different and the realization difficulty is different. Generally, the higher the accuracy of the estimation method is, the greater the implementation difficulty is, and the more complicated the calculation is.
Therefore, the capacity and the SOC of the battery unit cells of the battery pack can be quickly and simply estimated, and corresponding processing is performed, so that the service life of the battery pack can be prolonged, and the battery pack is prevented from being out of order due to overlarge unit capacity difference.
The invention content is as follows:
the present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a method for estimating battery capacity and SOC based on the cell charging curve difference in a battery pack, which can quickly and easily estimate the states of each cell in the battery pack.
The main idea of the invention is to simplify the proposed method for rapidly and simply estimating the single battery capacity and SOC of the battery pack in large quantity on the basis of the assumption of consistency of a charging single voltage curve (CCVC) and the combination of an RCC (capacitive coupling controller) calculation principle on the original basis.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a battery capacity and SOC estimation method based on monomer charging curve difference in a battery pack, which comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity, the SOC and the slope and intercept of the single charging time interval difference curve; the relation between the capacity and the slope is as follows:
Ci＝(K+1)C0
the relationship between the SOC and the intercept and slope is:
Figure BDA0002882277470000021
in the formula, CiTo measure the capacity of the monomer i, C0For reference monomer capacity, K is the slope of the curve, SOCiIs the SOC and SOC of the monomer i to be measured0Taking the SOC of a reference monomer, wherein I is the charging current of the battery pack, and B is the intercept of a curve;
2) based on the charging data, finding out a first monomer of the battery pack reaching a charging cut-off voltage as a reference monomer, and selecting the other monomers (except the reference monomer) as monomers to be detected;
3) calculating the internal resistance difference between the reference monomer and the monomer to be detected, and based on the internal resistance difference, translating the reference monomer charging curve up and down to obtain a reference monomer charging curve after correcting the internal resistance difference;
4) obtaining a time interval difference curve of the corrected reference monomer charging curve and the monomer charging curve to be detected by using an interpolation method, and performing linear fitting once to obtain the slope K and the intercept B;
5) and calculating to obtain the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity and the SOC and the slope and intercept of the charging time interval difference curve of the monomer.
Further, in step 1), the monomer charging time interval difference curve is based on a charging curve consistency principle, an interpolation method is used for interpolating the voltage of the monomer to be measured onto the reference monomer to obtain a time interval, and the time intervals at different charging moments are obtained through interpolation of voltages at different moments to obtain the monomer charging time interval difference curve changing along with the charging time; the monomer charging time interval difference curve is as follows:
Δt＝Kt+B
in the formula, Δ t is the monomer charging time interval, t is the monomer charging time, K is the slope of the curve, and B is the intercept of the curve.
Further, in the step 4), a voltage difference to be corrected is obtained by calculating the internal resistance difference between the reference monomer and the monomer to be measured, and the reference monomer charging curve after the internal resistance difference is corrected is obtained by vertically translating the reference monomer charging curve.
Further, in the step 5), based on the charging curve consistency principle, the voltage of the monomer to be measured is interpolated onto the reference monomer by using an interpolation method to obtain a time interval, the time intervals at different charging moments are obtained by interpolation of voltages at different charging moments, a monomer charging time interval difference fitting curve which changes along with the charging time is obtained by linear fitting once, and the slope and intercept of the fitting curve are obtained.
Further, the step 6) of calculating the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured is to calculate the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the slope and the intercept of the charging time interval difference fitting curve obtained in the step 5) and then obtain the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the theoretical corresponding relationship between the capacity and the SOC and the slope and the intercept of the charging time interval difference curve of the monomer.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention establishes the theoretical corresponding relation of the capacity, SOC and the slope and intercept of the monomer charging time interval difference curve based on the assumption of consistency of the charging monomer voltage curve, and can obtain the estimated capacity and SOC by simply interpolating the charging curve to obtain the slope and intercept of a linear fitting curve once when estimating the capacity and SOC, thereby saving time for analyzing a large amount of data and improving efficiency.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for estimating battery capacity and SOC based on differences in cell charging curves within a battery pack;
FIG. 2 is a theoretical mapping chart of the derived capacity and SOC versus individual charging time interval difference curve slope and intercept in the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a graph of the variation of the monomer charging time interval with the charging time obtained in experiment one of the present invention and a linear fitting graph;
FIG. 3(b) is a graph of the variation of the cell charging time interval with the charging time obtained in experiment two of the present invention and a linear fitting graph.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for estimating battery capacity and SOC based on the difference of the cell charging curves in the battery pack of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1: establishing a theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity, the SOC and the slope and intercept of the single charging time interval difference curve;
in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, U0(t) reference cell charging curve, Ui(t) is a charging curve of the monomer i to be measured, and U can be obtained by translating and zooming the curve0(t)＝Ui(k (t + b)), where k is a capacity scaling factor and the calculation equation is
Figure BDA0002882277470000041
b is the time interval for left and right translation of the curve. T on the charging curve of the monomer i to be detected by an interpolation method1Interpolating the voltage value corresponding to the moment to the reference monomer charging curve to obtain the time t corresponding to the reference monomer corresponding to the voltage value0From U0(t0)＝Ui(t1) And then U can be obtained0(t0)＝Ui(k(t0+b))＝Ui(t1)，k(t0+b)＝t1And then t is obtained1-t0Has a time interval of Δ t0,1＝(t1-t0)＝(k-1)t0+ kb, and further deducing the monomer charging time interval difference curve as:
Δt＝Kt+B
in the formula, Δ t is the monomer charging time interval, t is the monomer charging time, K is the slope of the curve, and B is the intercept of the curve.
The difference curve of the monomer charging time interval is delta t-Kt + B, wherein
Figure BDA0002882277470000042
And further obtaining the relation between the capacity and the slope:
Co＝(K+1)C0
in the formula, CiTo measure the capacity of the monomer i, C0K is the slope of the curve for the capacity of the reference monomer.
The monomer charging time interval difference curve is delta t ═ Kt + B, where B ═ kb and B is the curve U0(t) changes to curve Ui(t) time interval of left and right translation,. DELTA.Ah ═ Ib, expressed by the formula
Figure BDA0002882277470000043
Figure BDA0002882277470000044
It is possible to obtain,
Figure BDA0002882277470000045
because the curves are all translated rightwards by the reference monomer, the curves are obtained
Figure BDA0002882277470000046
Due to the kC0＝Ci，Ci＝(K+1)C0And further obtaining the relation between SOC and intercept and slope:
Figure BDA0002882277470000047
in the formula, SOCiIs the SOC and SOC of the monomer i to be measured0SOC, C as reference cell0For the capacity of the reference cell, I is the battery charging current, K is the slope of the curve, and B is the intercept of the curve.
S2: by analyzing the charging data of the battery pack monomers, the first battery monomer reaching the charging cut-off voltage is used as a reference monomer, and other residual monomers to be detected (except the reference monomer) are selected from the battery pack to be used as the monomers to be detected.
S3: calculating the internal resistance difference between the reference monomer and the monomer to be detected to obtain a voltage difference needing to be corrected, and translating the reference monomer charging curve up and down to obtain a reference monomer charging curve after correcting the internal resistance difference;
s4: obtaining a charging time interval difference curve of a reference monomer and a monomer to be detected by using an interpolation method, and performing linear fitting once to obtain a slope and an intercept;
in the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3(a) and (b), the voltage of the monomer to be measured is interpolated on the reference monomer by using an interpolation method to obtain the time interval, the time intervals at different charging moments are obtained by interpolating the voltages at different charging moments, and a monomer charging time interval difference fitting curve which changes along with the charging time is obtained by linear fitting once, so as to obtain the slope and intercept of the fitting curve.
S5: and calculating to obtain the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity and the SOC and the slope and intercept of the charging time interval difference curve of the monomer.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
two universal 123 lithium ion batteries are selected, the actual capacity of the battery 1 is 26.14Ah, the actual capacity of the battery 2 is 27Ah, the internal resistance is 11.16m omega, and the internal resistance is 10.74m omega. The two batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the battery pack is subjected to constant current charging. Two sets of experiments were performed, the specific experimental steps were as follows:
the first experimental procedure was:
and independently charging the two batteries to 100% SOC (state of charge) at constant current and constant voltage, then discharging the battery 1 to 15% SOC at constant current, discharging the battery 2 to 10% SOC at constant current, and then charging the two batteries in series as a battery pack to obtain the charging curves of the two single batteries. The first battery 1 reaches the cut-off voltage as the reference cell, and the battery 2 as the cell to be measured. And (3) translating the voltage curve of the reference monomer downwards by 3.64mV to obtain the voltage curve of the reference monomer after correcting the internal resistance difference, then interpolating the voltage of the monomer to be detected onto the reference monomer to obtain a time interval, obtaining the time intervals at different moments through interpolation of voltages at different moments, further obtaining a monomer charging time interval difference curve changing along with the charging time, and carrying out linear fitting once to obtain a slope and an intercept. Experiment a graph is shown in fig. 3(a), and the fitting curve equation is: Δ t is 0.04111t + 0.1609.
The second experiment operation steps are as follows:
and independently charging the two batteries to 100% SOC (state of charge) at constant current and constant voltage, then discharging the battery 1 to 5% SOC at constant current, discharging the battery 2 to 10% SOC at constant current, and then charging the two batteries in series as a battery pack to obtain the charging curves of the two single batteries. The first battery 2 reaches the cut-off voltage as the reference cell, and the first battery 1 as the cell to be measured. And translating the voltage curve of the reference monomer by 3.64mV upwards to obtain the voltage curve of the reference monomer after correcting the internal resistance difference, then interpolating the voltage of the monomer to be detected onto the reference monomer to obtain a time interval, obtaining the time interval at different moments through interpolation of voltages at different moments, further obtaining a monomer charging time interval difference curve changing along with the charging time, and carrying out linear fitting once to obtain a slope and an intercept. The second graph of the experiment is shown in FIG. 3(b), and the fitting curve formula is: Δ t ═ 0.03614t + 0.1209.
And obtaining the capacity and SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the fitting curve slope and intercept and the relation of the capacity and SOC, and comparing the capacity and SOC with the actual state to obtain the errors of the capacity and SOC.
Figure BDA0002882277470000061
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for estimating battery capacity and SOC based on the difference of single charging curves in a battery pack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity, the SOC and the slope and intercept of the single charging time interval difference curve;
the relation between the capacity and the slope is as follows:
Ci＝(K+1)C0
the relationship between the SOC and the intercept and slope is:
Figure FDA0002882277460000011
in the formula, CiTo measure the capacity of the monomer i, C0For reference monomer capacity, K is the slope of the curve, SOCiIs the SOC and SOC of the monomer i to be measured0Taking the SOC of a reference monomer, wherein I is the charging current of the battery pack, and B is the intercept of a curve;
2) based on the charging data, finding out a first monomer of the battery pack reaching a charging cut-off voltage as a reference monomer, and selecting the other monomers (except the reference monomer) as monomers to be detected;
3) calculating the internal resistance difference between the reference monomer and the monomer to be detected, and based on the internal resistance difference, translating the reference monomer charging curve up and down to obtain a reference monomer charging curve after correcting the internal resistance difference;
4) obtaining a charging time interval difference curve of the corrected reference monomer charging curve and the monomer charging curve to be detected by using an interpolation method, and performing linear fitting once to obtain the slope K and the intercept B;
5) and calculating to obtain the capacity and the SOC of the monomer to be measured according to the theoretical corresponding relation between the capacity and the SOC and the slope and intercept of the charging time interval difference curve of the monomer.
2. The method for estimating the battery capacity and the SOC based on the difference of the cell charging curves in the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the cell charging time interval difference curve is based on a charging curve consistency principle, the cell voltage to be measured is interpolated onto a reference cell by using an interpolation method to obtain a time interval, and the cell charging time interval difference curve changing along with the charging time is obtained by obtaining the time intervals of different charging times through interpolation of voltages at different times; the monomer charging time interval difference curve is as follows:
Δt＝Kt+B
in the formula, Δ t is the monomer charging time interval, t is the monomer charging time, K is the slope of the curve, and B is the intercept of the curve.
3. The method for estimating battery capacity and SOC based on cell charging curve difference in battery pack according to claim 1, wherein step 4) is to calculate the internal resistance difference between the reference cell and the cell to be measured to obtain the voltage difference to be corrected, and to translate the reference cell charging curve up and down to obtain the reference cell charging curve after correcting the internal resistance difference.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 5) is based on the principle of consistency of charging curves, the voltage of the cell to be measured is interpolated onto the reference cell by using an interpolation method to obtain time intervals, the time intervals at different charging times are obtained by interpolating the voltages at different charging times, and the slope and intercept of the fitted curve are obtained by obtaining a fitted curve of the difference of the charging time intervals of the cells, which varies with the charging time, through linear fitting.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 6) of calculating the capacity and SOC of the cell to be measured is to fit the slope and intercept of the charging time interval difference curve obtained in the step 5) and then calculate the capacity and SOC of the cell to be measured according to the theoretical correspondence between the capacity and SOC and the slope and intercept of the charging time interval difference curve of the cell.
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Application publication date: 20210518