CN107340479B - Method and system for improving SOC (state of charge) calculation precision of power battery of electric automobile - Google Patents
Method and system for improving SOC (state of charge) calculation precision of power battery of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN107340479B CN107340479B CN201710457333.0A CN201710457333A CN107340479B CN 107340479 B CN107340479 B CN 107340479B CN 201710457333 A CN201710457333 A CN 201710457333A CN 107340479 B CN107340479 B CN 107340479B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for improving SOC (state of charge) calculation accuracy of a power battery of an electric automobile, which are used for collecting voltages of all batteries, determining a limit single battery, measuring the limit voltage, calling current at corresponding time, identifying model parameters to obtain open-circuit voltage, predicting the stable open-circuit voltage after standing for a period of time, and according to the SOCnewOCV relationship, obtaining SOCnewAnd updating the SOC in the ampere-hour integration methodnew. The invention combines the open-circuit voltage method, the model method, the ampere-hour integration method and the prediction, and continuously updates the SOC of the ampere-hour integration methodnewI.e., initial SOC, to reduce the accumulated error.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric vehicle battery management system, in particular to a method and a system for improving SOC (state of charge) calculation accuracy of a power battery of an electric vehicle.
Background
A Battery Management System (BMS), which is one of the core devices of an automotive Battery System, can prevent overcharge or overdischarge of a Battery, maintain the internal consistency of a Battery pack, and operate the Battery in a healthy state to extend the operating life thereof. In the battery management system, estimation of a battery State of Charge (SOC) is one of main tasks of the BMS, and accuracy thereof will affect control strategies of other vehicle components such as a vehicle controller and operational judgment of a driver. At the present stage, the optimization research of the SOC estimation algorithm is always a hotspot and a difficulty in the technical research field of electric vehicles.
At present, for the SOC estimation method of the battery, the research at home and abroad can be roughly summarized into two categories: one method is to calculate the remaining capacity of the battery through an energy conservation relation and physical characteristics of the battery, such as charge and discharge current (OCV) of the battery, Open Circuit Voltage (OCV), and the like, such as a discharge experiment method, an ampere-hour integration method, an Open circuit voltage method, and the like; the other method is to establish a mathematical model for the battery, and then indirectly estimate the SOC of the battery according to the principles of a selected algorithm, such as a neural network method and a kalman filtering method, based on the established battery model and measured data such as charge and discharge current, terminal voltage and the like of the battery during operation.
Although the estimation results of the discharge experiment method and the open-circuit voltage method are accurate, the discharge experiment method and the open-circuit voltage method cannot be applied to the working battery. The neural network method requires a large amount of historical data for training, and it is difficult to describe the difference between different battery packs. The model filtering based algorithm estimates the SOC based on the difference between the expected value and the observed value, based on the known model parameters. The dependence of the Kalman filtering method on model selection and model parameters is strong, and the factors such as model parameter drift and large algorithm operation amount are rarely realized on a single chip microcomputer at present. The ampere-hour integral method is an SOC estimation method which is applied more in the current engineering. This method is simple to use, but requires a priori knowledge of the initial capacity of the battery pack, and the accumulated error increases as the number of times of functioning as electricity increases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method and a system for improving the SOC calculation precision of an electric automobile power batterynew(initial SOC) strategy, ACU performs complex but accurate model calculation and prediction calculation to SOC in BMS at intervalsnewCorrection is performed to improve the SOC accuracy.
The invention discloses a method for improving SOC (state of charge) calculation accuracy of a power battery of an electric automobile, which is characterized in that an auxiliary ACU (active cell unit) based on a digital processing system (such as a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)) with stronger calculation capability is developed on the basis of an original BMS (battery management system), meanwhile, time synchronization between current collected by a BMS main Control board and voltage collected by a voltage board is ensured through time calibration, a battery voltage prediction function (such as a Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) algorithm) is integrated into a main chip in the ACU, a prediction result of the ACU is sent to the BMS at regular intervals, and the SOC calculation accuracy of the BMS is improvednewAnd (6) carrying out correction.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a system based on the method, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the SOC of the power battery of the electric automobile based on the method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving SOC calculation accuracy of an electric vehicle power battery includes collecting voltages of all batteries, determining a limit single battery, measuring the voltage of the limit battery and the current of the limit battery at a corresponding time, identifying model parameters to obtain an open-circuit voltage, predicting a stable open-circuit voltage after standing for a period of time, and calculating the SOC according to the SOCnewCorresponding relation with open circuit voltage to obtain SOCnewAnd updating the SOC in the ampere-hour integration methodnew。
Estimating the SOC of the whole battery pack according to the state of the limit battery, and calculating the SOC according to the SOC or the single battery with the highest voltage value during charging; and during discharging, calculating the SOC according to the SOC or the single battery with the lowest voltage value.
And a uniform time mark is established when the voltage and the current are collected.
The model utilized in the identification of the model parameters includes, but is not limited to, an RC model.
The prediction method includes, but is not limited to, a dynamic matrix prediction method.
Updated SOCnewAs the initial SOC.
The utility model provides a system for improve electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracy, including auxiliary computing unit, main control board and a plurality of voltage board, every voltage board corresponds detects a plurality of battery cell, and give the main control board, the main control board discerns limit battery cell, the electric current of limit battery cell voltage acquisition corresponding time is transferred to, and reach auxiliary computing unit, auxiliary computing unit carries out the discernment of model parameter, obtain open circuit voltage, the prediction is stood the stable open circuit voltage after a period, obtain SOCnewAuxiliary computing unit to calculate SOCnewSending the data to a main control board, and updating the SOC in the ampere-hour integration method in time by the main control boardnew。
The voltage plates finish voltage acquisition of all single batteries in the battery pack, the voltage of the limit single battery is sent to the auxiliary computing unit, and time marks are established between each voltage plate and the main control board.
The main control board collects the current of the battery pack and records the collection time.
The main control board identifies the limit single battery, calls the value of the current at the voltage acquisition moment of the limit single battery, and sends the current to the auxiliary computing unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the open-circuit voltage method, the model method, the ampere-hour integration method and the prediction, and continuously updates the SOC of the ampere-hour integration methodnewI.e., initial SOC, to reduce cumulative error;
time scales are established before a main control board and a voltage board of the BMS, the voltage board sends the voltage of each single battery to the ACU, and the main control board calls the current at the voltage acquisition moment of the limit battery to ensure the time synchronism of the voltage and the current;
the invention configures an ACU for the BMS to complete complex model calculation and prediction calculation, and uploads the calculation result to the main control board.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced by the background art, the defects that the existing calculation method is rarely implemented on a single chip microcomputer or needs a large amount of historical data for training and is difficult to describe the difference between different battery packs exist in the prior art, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a BMS-based Auxiliary Computing Unit (ACU) for correcting the SOC of a power battery of an electric vehiclenew(initial SOC) strategy and method. The ACU performs complex but accurate model calculation and prediction calculation to the SOC in the BMS at intervalsnewCorrection is performed to improve the SOC accuracy.
The invention develops the ACU based on a Digital processing system (such as a Digital Signal Processor (DSP)) with stronger computing power on the basis of the original BMS, ensures that the current collected by the BMS main Control board and the voltage collected by the voltage board have time synchronism through time calibration, integrates the battery voltage prediction function (such as a Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) algorithm) into a main chip in the ACU, sends the prediction result of the ACU to the BMS at fixed intervals, and corrects the initial SOC in the BMS.
To ensure the safety of the battery pack, the SOC of the entire battery pack is estimated based on the state of the limit battery. During charging, calculating the SOC of the battery pack according to the single battery with the highest SOC (or the single battery with the highest voltage value); and during discharging, calculating the SOC of the battery pack according to the single battery with the lowest SOC (the lowest voltage value). During charging and discharging, the limit SOC (or voltage) does not always constantly appear on a certain battery. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously detect the states of the individual batteries and find the limit individual battery at each time.
The voltage board of original BMS is responsible for gathering each battery voltage, and the main control board is responsible for gathering the electric current. The voltage of each section battery is gathered in the electric pressure board circulation, in order to guarantee that the voltage and the electric current of limit battery are that the same time measures, sets up time marker between original BMS's main control board and voltage board. The voltage board transmits the collected voltage information of the limit battery to the ACU, the main control board calls the current value at the same moment, and the voltage and the current at the moment are transmitted to the ACUAnd (4) ACU. The ACU identifies model parameters by utilizing a chip with higher calculation speed according to a model formula, predicts the open-circuit voltage after the voltage is stabilized after standing for a period of time by a prediction method, and then passes through the SOCnewOCV curves to obtain SOCnewAnd the calculation result is sent to the main control board through CAN communication, and the main control board receives the SOCnewUpdating the initial SOC in the ampere-hour integration method in timenewSo as to reduce the accumulated error in the ampere-hour integration process and improve the SOC precision.
The SOCnewThe equation of the ampere-hour integration method is as follows:
the prediction method includes, but is not limited to, a dynamic matrix prediction method.
As shown in fig. 1, includes: the voltage board finishes each battery voltage and sends the battery voltage to the main control board, the main control board identifies the limit voltage, the current corresponding to the time is taken according to the time mark and is sent to the ACU, the ACU identifies model parameters to obtain the open-circuit voltage, the stable open-circuit voltage after standing for a period of time is predicted according to the DMC algorithm, and the SOC is used for predicting the open-circuit voltage according to the SOCnewOCV relationship, obtaining SOCnew. ACU will SOCnewSending the data to a main control board, and updating the SOC in the ampere-hour integration method in time by the main control boardnewSo as to reduce the error accumulated continuously along with the time and improve the SOC precision.
And the time synchronism is ensured by establishing time marks between the BMS main control board and the voltage board. The voltage plates monitor m batteries, the voltage plates send the voltage of each battery to the main control board through signal lines, and the main control board identifies the number i-j of the limit battery. The ACU sends a time mark, the main control board collects I and sends the I to the ACU through a signal line, and the voltage board collects a voltage value U corresponding to the time of the I of the limit single batteryi-jAnd sent to the ACU through a signal line, the ACU completes the identification of model parameters, predicts the open-circuit voltage and predicts the open-circuit voltage according to the SOCnew-OCV relationship estimation SOCnewWill SOCnewSent to the main control board through the signal wire, the main control board does notSOC in update-interrupted ampere-hour integration methodnewTo reduce the accumulated error.
And combining a plurality of algorithms, wherein the plurality of algorithms comprise an ampere-hour integration method, a model method, a prediction method and an open-circuit voltage method. The model method mainly refers to an RC model, and the prediction method mainly refers to a DMC algorithm.
The voltage board finishes voltage acquisition of all single batteries in the battery pack and sends the voltage of the limit single battery to the ACU. In order to ensure the consistency of time, time marks are established between each electric pressure plate and the main control plate. The main control board collects the current of the battery pack and records the collection time. The main control board identifies the limit single battery (the single battery with the highest voltage during charging and the single battery with the lowest voltage during discharging), and calls the value of the current at the voltage acquisition time of the limit single battery, and sends the voltage and the current of the limit single battery to the ACU.
The main chip of the ACU adopts a chip with stronger computing power. The ACU completes model parameter identification, predicts the stable open-circuit voltage and judges the state of charge according to the SOCnewOCV relationship, obtaining SOCnew. ACU will SOCnewAnd sending the data to the main control board. The main control board calculates the SOC of the battery pack by using an ampere-hour integration method, wherein the SOCnewErrors accumulate over time. SOC (System on chip) sent by ACU (Access Unit) by main control boardnewAnd updating the data to an ampere-hour integration method in time to reduce the accumulated error.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving SOC calculation accuracy of an electric vehicle power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: collecting the voltage of each battery, determining the limit single battery, collecting the limit voltage, calling the current value at the same time through a main control board, sending the voltage and the current at the time to an auxiliary computing unit for identifying model parameters to obtain the open-circuit voltage, predicting the stable open-circuit voltage after standing for a period of time, and predicting the stable open-circuit voltage according to the SOCnewObtaining SOC according to the corresponding relation of the open-circuit voltagenewThe main control board receives SOCnewAnd updating SOC in ampere-hour integration methodnew；
Estimating the SOC of the whole battery pack according to the state of the limit single battery;
the limit single batteries are the single battery with the highest voltage during charging and the single battery with the lowest voltage during discharging;
the specific way of estimating the SOC of the entire battery pack according to the states of the limit individual batteries is as follows: during charging, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack according to the SOC or the single battery with the highest voltage value; and during discharging, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack according to the SOC or the single battery with the lowest voltage value.
2. The method for improving the SOC calculation accuracy of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a uniform time mark is established when the voltage and the current are collected.
3. The method for improving the SOC calculation accuracy of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the model utilized in the identification of the model parameters includes, but is not limited to, an RC model.
4. The method for improving the SOC calculation accuracy of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the prediction method includes, but is not limited to, a dynamic matrix prediction method.
5. The method for improving the SOC calculation accuracy of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: updated SOCnewAs the initial SOC.
6. A system for improving SOC calculation accuracy of a power battery of an electric vehicle, which adopts the method of claim 1, and is characterized in that: the system comprises an auxiliary computing unit, a main control board and a plurality of voltage boards, wherein each voltage board correspondingly detects a plurality of single batteries and sends the single batteries to the main control board, the main control board identifies limit single batteries, the current corresponding to time is taken and sent to the auxiliary computing unit, the auxiliary computing unit identifies model parameters to obtain open-circuit voltage, stable open-circuit voltage after standing for a period of time is predicted, and SOC is obtainednewAuxiliary computing unit to calculate SOCnewSending the data to a main control board, and updating the SOC in the ampere-hour integration method in time by the main control boardnew；
The voltage plates finish voltage acquisition of all the single batteries in the battery pack, the voltage of the limit single battery is sent to the auxiliary computing unit, and time marks are established between each voltage plate and the main control board.
7. The system for improving the SOC calculation accuracy of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the main control board collects the current of the battery pack and records the collection time.
8. The system for improving the SOC calculation accuracy of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the main control board identifies the limit single battery, calls the value of the current at the voltage acquisition moment and sends the current to the auxiliary calculation unit.
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| JPWO2020084817A1 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-10-14 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Battery monitoring system and physical quantity aggregation method |
| CN110967646B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-03-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | SOC correction method and apparatus, battery management system, and storage medium |
| CN114217229A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-22 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Battery SOC correction system, control method thereof, storage medium and electric vehicle |
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