CN107340479A - A kind of method and system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies - Google Patents

A kind of method and system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107340479A
CN107340479A CN201710457333.0A CN201710457333A CN107340479A CN 107340479 A CN107340479 A CN 107340479A CN 201710457333 A CN201710457333 A CN 201710457333A CN 107340479 A CN107340479 A CN 107340479A
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soc
voltage
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automobile power
electric automobile
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CN107340479B (en
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程勇
姜敏
冯普
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables

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Abstract

The invention discloses the voltage that a kind of method and system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies gather each batteries, determine limit cell, measuring limit voltage, transfer the electric current of corresponding time, carry out the identification of model parameter, obtain open-circuit voltage, prediction open-circuit voltage stable after standing a period of time, according to SOCnewOCV relations, obtain SOCnew, and update the SOC in current integration methodnew.Open circuit voltage method, modelling, current integration method and prediction are combined by the present invention, constantly update the SOC of current integration methodnew, i.e., initial SOC, to reduce accumulated error.

Description

A kind of method and system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies
Technical field
The present invention relates to cell management system of electric automobile, more particularly to a kind of electric automobile power battery SOC that improves to count Calculate the method and system of precision.
Background technology
Core devices of the battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) as automotive battery system One of, prevention over-charging of battery can be played or crossed and put, safeguarded internal battery pack uniformity, battery is operated in health status to prolong The effect of its long working life.In battery management system, the estimation of battery charge state (State of Charge, SOC) is One of BMS main task, its accuracy will influence control strategy and the driver of other vehicle parts such as entire car controller Operation judges.At this stage, to the optimizing research of SOC algorithm for estimating, always be electric vehicle engineering research field focus and Difficult point.
At present, two major classes can be substantially summarized as the SOC methods of estimation of battery, research both domestic and external:A kind of method It is the physical characteristic by energy conservation relation and battery, charging and discharging currents, open-circuit voltage (the Open Circuit such as battery Voltage, OCV) etc. calculate battery remaining power, such as discharge test method, current integration method, open circuit voltage method;It is another kind of Method is then first to be then based on established battery model, and the battery work that measurement obtains to battery founding mathematical models When charging and discharging currents, the data such as terminal voltage, estimate the SOC of battery indirectly according to the principle of selected algorithm, as neural network, Kalman filtering method etc..
, can not be applied to the battery in work although discharge test method, open circuit voltage method estimation results are more accurate. Neural network needs substantial amounts of historical data to be trained, it is difficult to describes the difference between different battery packs.Based on model filtering Algorithm based on model parameter, it is known that using the difference between desired value and observation, SOC is estimated.Kalman filtering Method is selected model and the dependence of model parameter is very strong, and due to model parameter drift and the factor mesh such as algorithm operation quantity is big It is preceding to be seldom implemented on single-chip microcomputer.Current integration method is that more SOC estimation method is applied in current engineering.This method uses letter It is single, but need to predict the initial capacity of battery pack, and accumulated error constantly increases with electric number increase is served as.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of side for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies Method and system, the present invention is based on BMS addition auxiliary computational units (Auxiliary calculation unit, ACU) correction electricity Electrical automobile electrokinetic cell SOCnewThe strategy of (initial SOC), ACU carry out complicated but high precision model and calculate and predict calculating, At regular intervals to the SOC in BMSnewIt is corrected, to improve SOC precision.
The first object of the present invention is to disclose a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies, in original Exploitation is based on the stronger digital processing system of computing capability (such as digital signal processor (Digital on the basis of having BMS Signal Processor, DSP) etc.) auxiliary ACU, while passage time demarcate, ensure the electric current of BMS master control borads collection with The voltage of voltage plate collection has synchronousness, by cell voltage forecast function (such as dynamic matrix control (Dynamic Matrix Control, DMC) algorithm etc.) it is integrated into the master chip in ACU, every one section of regular time by ACU prediction As a result BMS is sent to, to the SOC in BMSnewIt is corrected.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of system based on the above method, can be based on upper method, can be effective To electric automobile power battery SOC carry out precision raising.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies, gathers the voltage of each batteries, determines the limit Cell, the voltage and the electric current of corresponding time of limit battery are measured, the identification of model parameter is carried out, obtains open circuit electricity Pressure, prediction open-circuit voltage stable after standing a period of time, according to SOCnewWith the corresponding relation of open-circuit voltage, SOC is obtainednew, And update the SOC in current integration methodnew
According to the SOC of the whole battery pack of the state estimation of limit battery, in charging, according to SOC or magnitude of voltage highest Single battery calculate SOC;In electric discharge, SOC is calculated according to SOC or magnitude of voltage minimum single battery.
Unified time tag is established when collection voltages and electric current.
The model utilized during the identification of model parameter is including but not limited to RC models.
Forecasting Methodology is including but not limited to dynamic matrix forecast method.
SOC after renewalnewAs initial SOC.
A kind of system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies, including auxiliary computational unit, master control borad and more Individual voltage plate, each voltage plate correspondingly detects several cells, and is sent to master control borad, and master control borad identifies limit monomer Battery, transfers the electric current of limit monomer battery voltage collection corresponding time, and passes to auxiliary computational unit, and auxiliary computational unit is entered The identification of row model parameter, obtains open-circuit voltage, predicts open-circuit voltage stable after standing a period of time, obtains SOCnew, it is auxiliary Computing unit is helped by SOCnewIt is sent to master control borad, master control borad upgrades in time the SOC in current integration methodnew
Described voltage plate is completed to all single battery voltage acquisitions in battery bag, and by the voltage of limit cell Auxiliary computational unit is sent to, and settling time indicates between each voltage plate and master control borad.
The electric current of the master control borad collection battery bag, and record acquisition time.
The master control borad identifies limit single battery, and transfers the value of limit single battery voltage acquisition moment electric current, will Electric current is sent to auxiliary computational unit.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Open circuit voltage method, modelling, current integration method and prediction are combined by the present invention, constantly update current integration method SOCnew, i.e., initial SOC, to reduce accumulated error;
Markers is established before BMS master control borad and voltage plate, the voltage of each single battery is sent to ACU by voltage plate, main Control plate transfers the electric current at limit battery voltage acquisition moment, ensures the synchronousness of voltage and current;
The present invention configures an ACU to BMS and calculated to complete the calculating of the model of complexity and prediction, and by result of calculation It is transmitted to master control borad.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for forming the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the application, do not form the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provides further instruction to the application.It is unless another Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, existing computational methods in the prior art be present and be seldom implemented on single-chip microcomputer or need Substantial amounts of historical data is wanted to be trained, it is difficult to the deficiency of the difference between different battery packs to be described, in order to solve technology as above Problem, the invention discloses based on BMS addition auxiliary computational units (ACU) correction electric automobile power battery SOCnewIt is (initial SOC strategy) and method.ACU carries out complicated but high precision model and calculates and predict calculating, at regular intervals to BMS In SOCnewIt is corrected, to improve SOC precision.
The present invention is developed based on stronger digital processing system (such as data signal of computing capability on the basis of original BMS Processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP) etc.) ACU, while passage time demarcate, ensure BMS master control borads adopt The electric current of collection and the voltage of voltage plate collection have synchronousness, by cell voltage forecast function (such as dynamic matrix control (Dynamic Matrix Control, DMC) algorithm etc.) it is integrated into the master chip in ACU, will every one section of regular time ACU prediction result is sent to BMS, and the initial SOC in BMS is corrected.
To ensure the security of battery pack, according to the SOC of the whole battery pack of the state estimation of limit battery.In charging, Battery bag SOC is calculated according to SOC highests (or magnitude of voltage highest) single battery;It is minimum according to SOC in electric discharge (magnitude of voltage is minimum) single battery calculates battery bag SOC.In charge and discharge process, limit SOC (or voltage) is not necessarily always Fixation is appeared in a certain batteries.Therefore, it is necessary to constantly detect the state of each single battery, the limit list at each moment is found Body battery.
Original BMS voltage plate is responsible for gathering each economize on electricity cell voltage, and master control borad is responsible for gathering electric current.Voltage plate circle collection The voltage of each batteries, in order to ensure that the voltage and current of limit battery is to measure the same time, in original BMS master control borad Time tag is set between voltage plate.The information of voltage of the limit battery collected is passed to ACU by voltage plate, and master control borad is transferred The current value of synchronization, the voltage and current at this moment is sent to ACU.ACU utilizes the higher chip of calculating speed, according to mould Type formula, model parameter is identified, and the open-circuit voltage after standing a period of time voltage stabilization is predicted by Forecasting Methodology, so After pass through SOCnew- OCV curves obtain SOCnew, and result of calculation is sent to master control borad by CAN communication, master control borad receives SOCnew, the initial SOC in the current integration method that upgrades in timenew, to reduce the accumulated error during current integration method, improve SOC precision.
Described SOCnewFor initial SOC, current integration method formula is:
Described Forecasting Methodology is including but not limited to dynamic matrix forecast method.
As shown in figure 1, including:Voltage plate, master control borad and ACU, voltage plate completes each economize on electricity cell voltage, and is sent to master control Plate, master control borad identify limiting voltage, and according to time tag, transfer the electric current of corresponding time, and pass to ACU, and ACU carries out mould The identification of shape parameter, open-circuit voltage is obtained, and the open-circuit voltage of stabilization after standing a period of time, root are predicted according to DMC algorithms According to SOCnew- OCV relations, obtain SOCnew.ACU is by SOCnewMaster control borad is sent to, master control borad upgrades in time in current integration method SOCnew, to reduce the error accumulated over time and constantly, improve SOC precision.
Indicated between BMS master control borads and voltage plate by settling time and ensure synchronousness.Voltage plate n blocks, every block of electricity Pressing plate monitors m batteries, and the voltage of every batteries is sent to master control borad by voltage plate by signal wire, and master control borad will identify that pole Ration the power supply pond numbering i-j.ACU sends time tag, master control borad collection I, and is sent to ACU, voltage plate collection pole by signal wire Limit cell magnitude of voltage U corresponding with the I timesi-j, and ACU is sent to by signal wire, ACU completes the identification of model parameter, Open-circuit voltage is predicted, and according to SOCnew- OCV relations estimate SOCnew, by SOCnewMaster control borad, master control are sent to by signal wire Plate constantly updates the SOC in current integration methodnew, to reduce accumulated error.
Many algorithms are combined, and many algorithms include current integration method, modelling, predicted method, open circuit voltage method.Mould Type method is primarily referred to as RC models, and predicted method is primarily referred to as DMC algorithms.
Voltage plate is completed to all single battery voltage acquisitions in battery bag, and the voltage of limit cell is sent to ACU.In order to ensure the uniformity of time, settling time mark between each voltage plate and master control borad.Master control borad gathers battery bag Electric current, and record acquisition time.Master control borad identification limit single battery (voltage highest single battery during charging, during electric discharge The minimum single battery of voltage), and the value of the voltage acquisition moment electric current of limit cell is transferred, by limit single battery electricity Pressure and electric current are sent to ACU.
ACU master chip is using the stronger chip of operational capability.ACU completes model and parameters identification, opening after prediction is stable Road voltage, and according to SOCnew- OCV relations, obtain SOCnew.ACU is by SOCnewIt is sent to master control borad.Master control borad is integrated with ampere-hour Method calculates the SOC, SOC therein of battery bagnewUnderstand continuous accumulated error over time.The SOC that master control borad sends ACUnew Update in current integration method, to reduce accumulated error.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, is not limited to the application, for the skill of this area For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies, it is characterized in that:The voltage of each batteries is gathered, Limit cell is determined, gathers limiting voltage, the electric current of corresponding time is transferred, carries out the identification of model parameter, opened a way Voltage, prediction open-circuit voltage stable after standing a period of time, according to SOCnewWith the corresponding relation of open-circuit voltage, obtain SOCnew, and update the SOC in current integration methodnew
2. a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Adopt Unified time tag is established when collecting voltage and electric current.
3. a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Mould The model utilized during the identification of shape parameter is including but not limited to RC models.
4. a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:In advance Survey method is including but not limited to dynamic matrix forecast method.
5. a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:More SOC after newnewAs initial SOC.
6. a kind of method for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Root According to the SOC of the whole battery pack of the state estimation of limit battery, in charging, according to SOC or magnitude of voltage highest single battery Calculate SOC;In electric discharge, SOC is calculated according to SOC or magnitude of voltage minimum single battery.
7. a kind of system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies, it is characterized in that:Including auxiliary computational unit, master Plate and multiple voltage plates are controlled, each voltage plate correspondingly detects several cells, and is sent to master control borad, and master control borad identifies Limit cell, transfers the electric current of corresponding time, and passes to auxiliary computational unit, and auxiliary computational unit carries out model parameter Identification, obtains open-circuit voltage, predicts open-circuit voltage stable after standing a period of time, obtains SOCnew, auxiliary computational unit will SOCnewIt is sent to master control borad, master control borad upgrades in time the SOC in current integration methodnew
8. a kind of system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that:Institute The voltage plate stated is completed to all single battery voltage acquisitions in battery bag, and the voltage of limit cell is sent into auxiliary Computing unit, and settling time indicates between each voltage plate and master control borad.
9. a kind of system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that:Institute The electric current of master control borad collection battery bag is stated, and records acquisition time.
10. a kind of system for improving electric automobile power battery SOC computational accuracies as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that:Institute Master control borad identification limit single battery is stated, and transfers the value of voltage acquisition moment electric current, sends a current to auxiliary computational unit.
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