CN111679212B - Method, system and device for calculating SOC of battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power - Google Patents

Method, system and device for calculating SOC of battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power Download PDF

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CN111679212B
CN111679212B CN202010568525.0A CN202010568525A CN111679212B CN 111679212 B CN111679212 B CN 111679212B CN 202010568525 A CN202010568525 A CN 202010568525A CN 111679212 B CN111679212 B CN 111679212B
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battery
state
soc
charge
capacity
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CN111679212A (en
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侯朝勇
陈娟
刘家亮
杨水丽
惠东
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC

Abstract

A method, a system and a device for calculating SOC of a battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power are provided, the method comprises the following steps: measuring the actual available capacity, the battery current and the coulombic efficiency of the battery at the current temperature and the charge-discharge multiplying power, and calculating the available capacity loss per unit value of the battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying powers according to the available capacity of the battery at the nominal state; and converting the SOC of the battery in the previous state by using the obtained available capacity loss per unit value of the battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying powers, and obtaining the SOC of the battery in the current state by combining the actual available capacity, the battery current and the SOC calculated by the coulomb efficiency in the current state. The system includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The device comprises a measuring unit and a converting unit. The invention considers the influence of temperature on the battery capacity and the coulomb efficiency, and converts the SOC of the battery under different working states by adopting the available capacity loss per unit value, thereby improving the precision of the SOC under different working states.

Description

Method, system and device for calculating SOC of battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a device for calculating SOC (state of charge) of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates.
Background
With the increasingly wide application of lithium batteries, the application environment of the lithium batteries changes more and more, and particularly in the application field of electric automobiles, the lithium batteries have higher use requirements on variable working environment temperatures, complex driving conditions and the like; the working temperature is of great importance to the influence of the performance, service life, safety and the like of the lithium battery, the performance and various parameters of the battery can change to different degrees under different environmental temperatures and Charge and discharge multiplying factors, particularly, the Charge and discharge characteristics of the battery can be deteriorated under severe environments of high-temperature, low-temperature and high-multiplying-power Charge and discharge, particularly, the actual available capacity of the battery can change greatly, the actual capacity is a key parameter for calculating the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery, and the influence on the precision of the SOC is great.
The SOC is an important parameter for describing the residual capacity of the battery in the current state, has great significance for reliable operation of the battery system, and is related to the problems of efficient work, safety, service life, real-time available capacity and the like of the battery system. The electrochemical reaction process of the lithium ion battery makes the lithium ion battery show strong nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, and in addition, the battery is influenced by random factors such as the difference of positive and negative electrode materials, the difference of use environments, the difference of charge-discharge current multiplying power and the like, so that how to accurately and reliably realize SOC estimation is a difficult point of current battery system research.
In order to accurately estimate the SOC of the lithium battery, a relatively clear definition is firstly made on the SOC. In connection with current related research, SOC is defined as the ratio of the actual remaining capacity of the battery to the actual maximum available capacity of the battery:
Figure BDA0002548675370000011
Q remain and Q total All refer to the actual remaining capacity and the actual maximum available capacity of the battery under the current state, but as the operating state of the battery changes, Q remain And Q total Variations can occur and various factors must be considered to achieve accurate SOC calculations. Currently, SOC estimation algorithms are various, and some algorithms are performed under a special charging/discharging condition of a battery. Such as open-circuit voltage method, ampere-hour integral method, artificial neural network and Kalman filtering; the open-circuit voltage method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation and the like, but the open-circuit voltage of the battery can be accurately obtained only by standing the battery for 2 hours or more when the battery is required to reach a stable state, and the method is not suitable for on-line calculation; the ampere-hour integration method is simple and direct, is the basis of various SOC calculation methods, can accurately estimate the SOC in a short time, and is often combined with other methods in practical engineering application.
The traditional ampere-hour integration method adopts the definitions of battery capacity, coulombic efficiency and SOC, which are all based on parameters measured by the battery working under nominal working conditions (temperature conditions and current conditions), but the parameters of the battery are greatly changed under different working conditions. Under the condition of low temperature, the ohmic internal resistance of the lithium battery is increased, so that the terminal voltage of the battery is reduced, the discharge capacity is reduced, and the discharge capacity of the battery is obviously reduced; at high temperatures, the discharge capacity of the battery is attenuated due to the increase of the polarization internal resistance, but the available capacity is increased; when the battery is charged and discharged at a large multiplying power, the polarization of the battery is severe, and the actual available capacity is reduced; therefore, the SOC calculation using these parameters under the nominal conditions may cause a large error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a system and a device for calculating SOC of a battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power, aiming at the problem that the SOC of the lithium battery in the prior art is low in precision under different working states.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the method for calculating the SOC of the battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power comprises the following steps:
measuring the actual available capacity, the battery current and the coulomb efficiency of the battery in the current state, and calculating the available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states according to the available capacity of the battery in the nominal state;
and converting the SOC of the battery in the last state by using the obtained available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states, and obtaining the SOC of the battery in the current state by combining the actual available capacity, the battery current and the charge state calculated by the coulomb efficiency in the current state.
Further, the calculation formula of the battery SOC in the current state is as follows:
Figure BDA0002548675370000031
in the formula: SOC (t,I) Is the state of charge, SOC ', of the battery in the present state' (t,I,Δt) Is in the previous stateThe SOC is converted into the SOC of the battery under the current state, eta is the coulomb efficiency of the battery under the current state, C (t,I) The actual available capacity in the current state is shown, I is the current of the battery in the current state, the current is positive in the discharging state, and the current is negative in the charging state; Δ t is a charge and discharge period between the current state and the previous state.
Further, in the charging state, the calculation formula for converting the previous state SOC to the battery SOC in the current state is:
Figure BDA0002548675370000032
in the formula: SOC (t,I,Δt) To convert the battery SOC, Q of the previous state s1 For the actual available capacity, Q, of the last state battery s2 Is the actual available capacity, Q, of the battery in the current state 0 Is the actual available capacity in the nominal state, Δ q cs1 Is the per unit value, Δ q, of the available charge capacity loss of the battery in the last state cs2 Is the per unit value of the available charge capacity loss of the battery in the current state.
Further, the per unit value of the available charge capacity loss is a ratio of the available charge capacity loss in the current state to the actual available capacity in the nominal state.
Further, when calculating the per unit value of the available charge capacity loss, the battery needs to be left standing for a while in a nominal state and in the state at that time.
Further, in the discharging state, the calculation formula for converting the SOC of the previous state to the SOC of the battery in the current state is:
Figure BDA0002548675370000033
in the formula: SOC (t,I,Δt) To convert the battery SOC, Q of the previous state s1 For the actual available capacity, Q, of the last state battery s2 Is the actual available capacity, Q, of the battery in the current state 0 Is the actual available capacity in the nominal state, Δ q ds1 Is the per unit value, Δ q, of the loss of available discharge capacity of the last state battery ds2 Is the per unit value of the available discharge capacity loss of the battery in the current state.
Further, the per unit value of the usable discharge capacity loss is a ratio of the usable discharge capacity loss in the current state to the actual usable capacity in the nominal state.
Further, when calculating the per unit value of the available discharge capacity loss, the battery is required to be left standing for a certain period of time in both the nominal state and the state at that time.
A system for calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates, the system comprising: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, performs the method steps of calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates.
An apparatus for calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates, the apparatus comprising:
the measuring unit is used for measuring the actual available capacity, the battery current and the coulombic efficiency of the battery in the current state, and calculating the available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states according to the available capacity of the battery in the nominal state;
and the conversion unit is used for converting the SOC of the battery in the previous state by using the obtained available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states, and obtaining the SOC of the battery in the current state by combining the actual available capacity, the battery current and the SOC calculated by the coulomb efficiency in the current state.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method, a system and a device for calculating SOC of a battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power, which are suitable for calculating SOC of the battery under different states. The method takes the actual maximum available capacity and the coulombic efficiency of the battery in different states into consideration, calculates the per unit values of the maximum available capacity and the coulombic efficiency in different states by taking the maximum available capacity and the coulombic efficiency of the battery in the nominal state as a reference, solves the problem of complicated calculation of famous values of different capacities and the coulombic efficiency of the battery, and reduces the number of times of conversion by taking the per unit values as intermediate quantities when converting into unified capacities and efficiencies; in the traditional SOC calculation, the change of the SOC when the battery state changes is not considered, and the method converts the SOC estimated in different states by using the per unit value, thereby improving the calculation accuracy of the SOC in different states.
In summary, the present invention considers the influence of temperature on the battery capacity and the coulombic efficiency, and proposes that the per-unit values of the maximum actual available capacity, the remaining capacity and the coulombic efficiency of the battery at different temperatures are used for calculating the SOC of the battery, and the SOC of the battery at different operating states is converted, so as to improve the accuracy of the SOC at different states.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating SOC of a battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge rates according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a device for calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge/discharge rates according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
According to the method for calculating the SOC of the battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge rates, the per unit value is adopted for calculation, the total complexity of the actual value calculation process is reduced, and the application convenience in actual engineering is improved.
The invention provides a calculation method for adapting SOC to different states (namely different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power), and the calculation formula is shown as (2);
Figure BDA0002548675370000051
in the formula: SOC (t,I) Is the state of charge of the battery in the current state,SOC' (t,I,Δt) converting the SOC of the previous state into the SOC of the battery in the current state, wherein eta is the coulomb efficiency of the battery in the current state, C (t,I) For the actual available capacity in the current state, I is the battery current in the current state (discharge is positive, charge is negative), and Δ t is the charge-discharge time period between the current state and the previous state.
The present invention provides a state of charge SOC using the last state temperature and charge-discharge rate (t,I,Δt) Converting to the state of charge SOC 'at the current temperature and charge-discharge multiplying power' (t,I,Δt) The calculation method of (1); as shown in fig. 1, for the same battery, no matter what kind of change occurs to the environment and the state, the remaining capacity of the battery is constant, but due to the influence of the environment and the charge-discharge rate, the internal resistance of the battery changes, so that the remaining capacity of the battery cannot be released, or the capacity that cannot be released in the previous state is released in the current state, which will change the actual remaining capacity of the battery in the current state, therefore, the SOC of the battery needs to be corrected again, the method of the present invention adopts the algorithm calculation:
(1) Converting SOC of the battery under two states, and setting nominal temperature of the battery as T 0 Nominal current is I 0 Nominal state (denoted as S) 0 ) Actual available capacity of Q 0 (ii) a Temperature T 1 And current I 1 The non-nominal state of time is marked as S 1 (defined as last state), S 1 Actual available capacity of the battery in the state of Q S1 (ii) a Temperature T 2 And current I 2 The non-nominal state of time is denoted as S 2 (defined as the current state), S 2 Actual available capacity of the battery in the state of Q S2 ；
(2) Measuring cell in non-nominal state S 1 The following values of loss of available charge capacity and available discharge capacity were measured by the following procedure:
a) Placing the battery at a nominal temperature T 0 Standing for not less than 2 hours;
b) Nominal current I for battery 0 Charging, stopping charging when the battery is charged to the cut-off upper limit voltage of the battery, and fully charging the battery at the moment;
c) Placing the battery at an off-nominal temperature T 1 Standing for not less than 2 hours;
d) Off-nominal current I for battery 1 Discharging until the lower limit of the battery cut-off voltage, stopping discharging, and obtaining the battery discharge capacity Q 1 ；
e) Off-nominal current I for battery 1 Charging, namely stopping charging when the battery is charged to the cut-off upper limit voltage;
f) Off-nominal current I for battery 1 Discharging until the lower limit of the battery cut-off voltage, stopping discharging, and obtaining the battery discharge capacity Q 2 ；
g) Placing the battery at a nominal temperature T 0 Standing for not less than 2 hours;
h) Nominal current I for battery 0 Charging, stopping charging when the battery is charged to the cut-off upper limit voltage of the battery, and fully charging the battery at the moment;
i) Nominal current I for battery 0 Discharging until the lower limit of the battery cut-off voltage, stopping discharging, and obtaining the battery discharge capacity Q 3 ；
j) The battery being in an off-nominal state S 1 The following loss of usable charge capacity is: delta Q cs1 ＝Q 1 -Q 2 (ii) a The loss in available discharge capacity is: delta Q ds1 ＝Q 3 -Q 1 ；
k) Will be delta Q ds1 And Δ Q cs1 Per unit, the battery is in an off-nominal state S 1 The per unit value of the available discharge capacity loss and per unit value of the available charge capacity loss are as follows:
Figure BDA0002548675370000071
Figure BDA0002548675370000072
(3) Referring to (2), it is found that the battery is in a state S 2 Per unit value of available discharge capacity loss and per unit value of available charge capacity loss:
Figure BDA0002548675370000073
Figure BDA0002548675370000074
(4) The state of the battery at the time t is set as S 2 The state in the previous state (t- Δ t) is designated as S 1 State of charge SOC of the previous state (t,I,Δt) The state of charge converted to the current state t is SOC' (t,I,Δt) Assuming that both states are discharge states, the conversion method is as follows;
Figure BDA0002548675370000075
from (7) can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002548675370000076
assuming that both states are charging states, the conversion method is as follows;
Figure BDA0002548675370000077
therefore, the converted value of the SOC of the battery in the two states is obtained, and the SOC of the battery in the current state can be calculated according to the formula (2).
When the two states of the battery are different, different per unit values of available capacity loss are used for calculation in equations (8) and (9), that is, per unit values of available discharge capacity loss and available charge capacity loss are used for calculation.
In practical engineering application, the actual available capacity, the per-unit loss value of the available charging capacity and the per-unit loss value of the available discharging capacity of the battery in different states are made into a data table, the table is looked up in practice, and the SOC conversion of the battery from the previous state to the current state is calculated according to the formulas (8) and (9). And during SOC conversion, calculating according to the available charge capacity loss value and the available discharge capacity loss value of the battery in different states, and calculating by adopting a per unit value to reduce the calculated amount.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides an apparatus for calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge/discharge rates, the apparatus comprising: the measuring unit is used for measuring the actual available capacity, the battery current and the coulomb efficiency of the battery in the current state and calculating the available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states according to the available capacity of the battery in the nominal state; and the conversion unit is used for converting the SOC of the battery in the previous state by using the obtained available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states, and obtaining the SOC of the battery in the current state by combining the actual available capacity, the battery current and the SOC calculated by the coulomb efficiency in the current state. When the SOC is calculated, the SOC estimated under different states is converted by the per unit value, and the calculation accuracy of the SOC under different states is further improved.
The invention provides a system for calculating SOC of a battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge multiplying power, which comprises: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, performs the method steps of calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The method for calculating the SOC of the battery under different temperatures and charge-discharge rates is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
measuring the actual available capacity, the battery current and the coulomb efficiency of the battery in the current state, and calculating the available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states according to the available capacity of the battery in the nominal state;
converting the SOC of the battery in the previous state by using the obtained available capacity loss per unit value of the battery in different states, and obtaining the SOC of the battery in the current state by combining the actual available capacity, the battery current and the SOC calculated by the coulomb efficiency in the current state;
the calculation formula of the battery SOC in the current state is as follows:
Figure FDA0003789462050000011
in the formula: SOC (t,I) Is the state of charge, SOC, of the battery at the present state ( ' t,I,Δt) Converting the SOC of the previous state into the SOC of the battery in the current state, wherein eta is the coulomb efficiency of the battery in the current state, C (t,I) The actual available capacity in the current state is I, the battery current in the current state is I, the current in the discharging state is positive, and the current in the charging state is negative; delta t is the charge-discharge time period between the current state and the last state;
in the charging state, the calculation formula for converting the previous state SOC to the battery SOC in the current state is as follows:
Figure FDA0003789462050000012
in the formula: SOC (system on chip) (t,I,Δt) To convert the battery SOC, Q of the previous state s1 For the actual available capacity, Q, of the last state battery s2 Is the actual state of the batteryAvailable capacity, Q 0 Is the actual available capacity in the nominal state, Δ q cs1 Δ q is the per unit value of the available charge capacity loss of the last state battery cs2 Is the per unit value of the available charging capacity loss of the battery in the current state.
2. The method of calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the available charge capacity loss per unit is a ratio of the available charge capacity loss at the present state to the actual available capacity at the nominal state.
3. The method of calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates as claimed in claim 2, wherein the calculation of the available charge capacity loss per unit requires the battery to be left for a period of time in both a nominal state and in this state.
4. The method for calculating the SOC of the battery according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula for converting the SOC of the previous state to the SOC of the battery in the current state in the discharging state is:
Figure FDA0003789462050000021
in the formula: SOC (system on chip) (t,I,Δt) To convert the battery SOC, Q of the previous state s1 For the actual available capacity, Q, of the last state battery s2 Is the actual available capacity, Q, of the battery in the current state 0 Is the actual available capacity in the nominal state, Δ q ds1 Is the per unit value, Δ q, of the loss of available discharge capacity of the last state battery ds2 Is the per unit value of the available discharge capacity loss of the battery in the current state.
5. The method for calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates according to claim 4, wherein the per unit value of the loss of available discharge capacity is a ratio of the loss of available discharge capacity at the moment to an actual available capacity at a nominal state.
6. The method of calculating SOC of battery under different temperature and charge-discharge rate as claimed in claim 4, wherein when calculating the per unit value of loss of available discharge capacity, the battery is left standing for a period of time both in nominal state and in this state.
7. A system for calculating SOC of a battery at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates, the system comprising: a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the method steps of calculating SOC of a battery as claimed in any of claims 1-6 at different temperatures and charge-discharge rates.
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