CN107196371B - Battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery charging method, a battery charging device, equipment and a storage medium. The charging methodThe method comprises the following steps: setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processn(ii) a In the (n-1) th charging phase, according to In‑1The temperature and the state of charge of the battery at a specified moment during charging are carried out, and the internal resistance value of the battery is determined; determining a battery charging loss coefficient according to the battery temperature at the specified moment; based on the battery internal resistance value and the battery charging loss coefficient at the specified time, correcting the internal resistance value and the battery charging loss coefficientn‑1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn‑1(ii) a In the (n-1) th charging stage, the charging voltage of the battery is greater than or equal to Vn‑1When n-1 is less than the total number of the set charging stages, entering the nth charging stage; the charging voltage of the battery is more than or equal to Vn‑1And n-1 equals the total number of charging phases, stopping charging. According to the battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the charging efficiency can be improved, and the risk of overcharge or overdischarge is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium.
Background
In recent years, new energy vehicles have been developed with the advantages of high energy conversion rate, comfortable driving experience, zero emission of greenhouse gases and the like in a global scope, an important standard for measuring the performance of the new energy vehicles is the charging time of rechargeable batteries, the shorter charging time can greatly improve the use experience of the new energy vehicles, how to improve the charging speed of the new energy vehicles, and meanwhile, ensuring the charging safety and the use performance of the rechargeable batteries in the new energy vehicles become important research points in related fields in recent years.
The charging technology of the new energy automobile put into use at present generally adopts a charging pile to rapidly charge the new energy automobile, and in most of the existing related technologies of rapidly charging batteries by using the charging pile, a constant-current charging mode is generally adopted.
For the rechargeable battery used in the new energy automobile, at the end of charging, because the charging capability of the rechargeable battery is reduced, the sustainable charging current is gradually reduced along with the increase of the state of charge (soc) (state of charge). Therefore, the charging method using the constant current charging has low battery charging efficiency when charging the rechargeable battery, and the situations of "not fully charged" and "too much charged" often occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery charging method, a battery charging device and battery charging equipment, which can improve the charging efficiency and avoid the risk of overcharge or overdischarge.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a battery charging method including:
setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processnWherein, InIs less than In-1N is an integer greater than 1;
in the (n-1) th charging stage, the charging current value I is applied to the batteryn-1Charging is carried out according to the collected charge In-1The method comprises the steps that the internal resistance value of a battery is determined according to the battery temperature at a specified moment and the battery SOC at the specified moment during charging;
determining a battery charging loss coefficient according to the battery temperature at the specified moment and by using the relation between the battery temperature and the battery charging loss coefficient;
calculating the charge phase and I in the (n-1) th charge stage based on the internal resistance value and the charge loss coefficient of the batteryn-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1；
In the (n-1) th charging phase, the current battery charging voltage reaches equal to Vn-1When n-1 is less than the total number of the charging stages, the charging stage enters the nth charging stage, and the charging voltage of the battery reaches Vn-1And n-1 equals the total number of charging phases, stopping charging.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a battery charging apparatus including:
a current setting unit for setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processnWherein, InIs less than In-1N is an integer greater than 1;
an internal resistance determining unit for charging at the n-1 thStage, charging current value I to batteryn-1Charging is carried out according to the collected charge In-1The method comprises the steps that the internal resistance value of a battery is determined according to the battery temperature at a specified moment and the battery SOC at the specified moment during charging;
a charging loss coefficient determining unit, configured to determine a battery charging loss coefficient according to the battery temperature at the specified time and by using a relationship between the battery temperature and the battery charging loss coefficient;
a charge cut-off voltage determining unit for calculating charge phase and charge loss coefficient in the (n-1) th charge phase based on the internal resistance value and charge loss coefficient of the batteryn-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1；
A charging unit for:
in the (n-1) th charging stage, the current battery charging voltage is greater than or equal to Vn-1When n-1 is less than the total number of the charging stages, the charging stage enters the nth charging stage, and the charging voltage of the battery reaches Vn-1And n-1 equals the total number of charging phases, stopping charging.
According to still another aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a battery charging apparatus including:
a memory for storing executable program code;
and a processor for reading the executable program code stored in the memory to execute the above battery charging method.
According to still another aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the above-described battery charging method.
According to the battery charging method, the device, the equipment and the storage medium in the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of charging stages are set for the battery charging process, and the charging current value corresponding to each charging stage is decreased with the sequence of the charging stages in the charging process; and at the appointed time of the battery charging process, determining a charging cut-off voltage value corresponding to the charging current value of each charging stage by using a preset formula according to the relationship between the charging current value and the internal resistance of the battery, the SOC of the battery and the temperature change of the battery at the appointed time and the relationship between the cell charging loss coefficient and the temperature of the battery at the appointed time. And in each charging stage, charging the battery by using the charging current value of the charging stage, entering the next charging stage when the charging voltage of the battery reaches the charging cut-off voltage value of the charging stage, and stopping charging when the charging voltage of the battery reaches the charging cut-off voltage value of the last charging stage. By the battery charging method, the charging efficiency of the battery can be effectively improved, the risk of overcharging of the battery core can be reduced, and the service life and the charging safety of the battery core are optimized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2a is a schematic diagram showing a charging curve of charging voltage as a function of state of charge at different charging rates in a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2b is a schematic diagram showing a charging curve of battery temperature as a function of state of charge at different charging rates in a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between charging current and battery state of charge for one of the charging phases in a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the charging current and the state of charge of a battery in a battery charging method according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5a is a schematic view showing a comparison of charging curves of a specific example and a comparative example in a battery charging method according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a graph showing a comparison of charging speed curves of a specific example and a comparative example in a battery charging method according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5c is a comparative schematic view showing cycle life curves of specific and comparative examples in a battery charging method according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view showing a battery charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hardware architecture of a computing device capable of implementing the battery charging method and apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
For a better understanding of the present invention, a method, an apparatus, and a device for charging a battery according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
A flow chart of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the battery charging method 100 in the present embodiment includes the steps of:
step S110, setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage in the battery charging processnWherein, InIs less than In-1And n is an integer greater than 1.
The battery in the embodiment of the present invention may be a battery in which both the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be extracted and receive energy-carrying particles, and is not limited herein. In terms of scale, the battery described in the embodiment of the present invention may be a single battery cell, or may be a battery module or a battery pack, which is not limited herein.
As one example, the battery in the embodiment of the invention may be a lithium ion storage unit, a lead acid storage unit, a nickel-insulated storage unit, a nickel-hydrogen storage unit, a lithium sulfur storage unit, or a sodium ion storage unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of charging stages are set for the charging process of the battery, each charging stage corresponds to one charging current value, and the set charging current values are decreased with the sequence of the charging stages in the charging process.
In some embodiments, the value of the current due to charging InIs less than In-1And the charging current value corresponding to the first charging stage in the whole charging process is larger than the charging current values corresponding to other charging stages in the charging process.
As an example, in this step, the charging current value corresponding to the first charging phase of the entire charging process may be set by the maximum charging current value that the battery can withstand. For example, set I1Less than or equal to the maximum acceptable charging current value of the battery.
Step S120, in the (n-1) th charging stage, charging current value I is applied to the batteryn-1Charging is carried out according to the formula In-1And determining the internal resistance value of the battery according to the battery temperature at the specified moment and the battery SOC at the specified moment during charging.
The internal resistance of a battery is one of the most important characteristic parameters of the battery, and is also an important parameter for representing the service life of the battery and the running state of the battery. In a practical application scene, the internal resistance of the battery has a close relationship with the temperature and the SOC of the battery. In order to improve the charging efficiency and prolong the service life of the battery, the influence of the temperature of the battery and the change of the SOC of the battery on the internal resistance of the battery during the charging process of the battery needs to be considered.
In some embodiments, enough experimental measurements can be performed on the internal resistance of the power rechargeable battery, a functional relation f (SOC, I, T, DCR) of the internal resistance of the battery changing with the battery temperature and the SOC is obtained through experimental measurement data, and the internal resistance value of the battery at the specified time is calculated according to the functional relation by using the battery temperature T acquired at the specified time, the charging current value at the current charging stage and the battery SOC.
In other embodiments, the internal resistance values of the battery under different battery temperatures and SOCs can also be obtained through experiments, and a corresponding relation table of the battery temperature parameter, the SOC parameter and the internal resistance of the battery is constructed.
As an example, table 1 exemplarily shows parameter examples of an internal resistance value of a battery corresponding to a battery temperature and a battery SOC during charging of the battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the correspondence relationship between the internal resistance value of the battery and the battery temperature and SOC in the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the example in table 1.
TABLE 1
Table 1 above shows a correspondence table of the internal resistance value of the battery with the battery temperature and SOC. The temperature in table 1 represents the battery temperature, and when the battery is charged, the values of the battery internal resistance corresponding to the battery temperature and the SOC at the specified time can be determined by looking up the corresponding relationship shown in table 1 according to the battery temperature collected at the specified time and the SOC of the battery at the current charging stage.
In other embodiments, the relationship between the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery and the temperature and the SOC of the rechargeable battery can be expressed by a mathematical function, such as a quadratic function, a power function, an exponential function, a logarithmic function, etc., for different internal designs of the rechargeable battery.
For better understanding, the following exemplarily shows the battery internal resistance of the rechargeable battery according to the embodiment of the present invention as a function of the battery temperature and the battery SOC.
As one example, the correspondence relationship of the internal resistance value of the battery to the battery temperature and the battery SOC can be described by the following equation (1):
DCR＝(3.6207×(SOC)2-1.466×SOC+1.2241)×(0.218+3.1213×e(-0.031×T))(1)
in the above formula (1), the value of the battery SOC is in the range of 0% to 30%.
As one example, the correspondence relationship of the internal resistance value of the battery to the battery temperature and the battery SOC can be described by the following equation (2):
DCR＝(4.1379×(SOC)2-3.8260×SOC+1.8966)×(0.218+3.1213×e(-0.031×T))(2)
in the above formula (2), the value of the battery SOC is within the range of 30% to 50%.
As one example, the correspondence relationship of the internal resistance value of the battery to the battery temperature and the battery SOC can be described by the following equation (3):
DCR＝(0.208+2.9868×e(-0.031×T))×(e(0.0851×SOC)-0.043)
(3)
in the above formula (3), the value of the battery SOC is within the range of 50% to 90%.
As one example, the correspondence relationship of the internal resistance value of the battery to the battery temperature and the battery SOC may be described by the following equation (4):
DCR＝(5.517×(SOC)2-8.5517×SOC+4.2640)×(0.208+3.1213×e(-0.031×T))(4)
in the above formula (4), the value of the battery SOC is in the interval of 90% to 100%.
As an example, the temperature of the battery in the above embodiment ranges from-45 ℃ to 70 ℃.
Step S130, determining the battery charging loss coefficient of the battery according to the battery temperature at the appointed time and the relation between the battery temperature and the battery charging loss coefficient.
In some embodiments, the battery State of charge loss (SOS) may also be referred to as battery fault diagnosis and State of Safety estimation for assessing fault and State of Safety during battery use. In the embodiment of the invention, the battery charging loss in the charging process can be measured by the battery charging loss coefficient SOS.
In the embodiment of the invention, the charging performance of the battery is affected by the change of the temperature of the battery in the charging process, and the charging loss of the battery in the charging process needs to be considered in order to avoid the occurrence of faults in the charging process caused by over-temperature of the battery and influence on the service life of the battery when the battery pack is charged.
Specifically, the functional relation η (T, SOS) between the battery charging loss coefficient SOS and the battery temperature change can be obtained through experiments, and the battery charging loss coefficient is obtained according to the functional relation and the battery temperature T acquired in the battery charging process.
In some embodiments, the values of the battery charging loss coefficients at different battery temperatures can be obtained through experiments, and a corresponding relation table of the battery temperatures and the battery charging loss coefficients is constructed.
Table 2 exemplarily shows parameter examples of a battery charge loss factor affected by a battery temperature during a battery charging process according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the correspondence relationship between the charging environment temperature and the battery SOS in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the example in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Temperature of battery | SOS coefficient of battery charging loss |
| -10 | 1.05 |
| 10 | 1.02 |
| 25 | 1 |
| 45 | 0.83 |
Table 2 is a table of correspondence between battery temperature and charge loss factor according to an embodiment of the present invention. In table 2, the values of the battery charging loss coefficients can be obtained by looking up table 2 according to the battery temperature collected at the specified charging time.
In other embodiments, rechargeable batteries of different internal designs have different temperature loss coefficients, and the functional relationship of battery temperature to battery SOS according to embodiments of the present invention can be described by equation (5) below:
SOS＝-0.00009×T2-0.0006×T+1.0497 (5)
in the above formula (5), T is the battery temperature, and as an example, the value range of the battery temperature is in the range of-45 ℃ to 70 ℃.
Step S140, calculating the charge phase and I in the (n-1) th charge stage based on the internal resistance value of the battery and the battery charge loss coefficientn-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1。
In some embodiments, step S140 may specifically include calculating the charge cut-off voltage value V corresponding to the charge current of the (n-1) th charge phase using the following formula (6)n-1：
Vn-1＝Vmax-In-1×DCR×SOS (6)
Wherein, VmaxFor the maximum charge cut-off voltage, DCR is the internal resistance value of the battery determined according to the battery temperature at a specified time and the SOC at the specified time, SOS is the battery charge loss coefficient determined according to the battery temperature at the specified time, In-1For the charging current of the current (n-1) th charging stage, Vn-1Is calculated asn-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage values.
In some embodiments, the designated time may also be referred to as a designated time point, and the number of the designated time points may be one or more than two.
In other embodiments, the battery temperature and battery SOC may be monitored in real time.
In some embodiments, the battery temperature and the battery state of charge may change during the charging process of the battery, the battery temperature and the battery state of charge may affect the internal resistance of the battery, and the change in the battery temperature may affect the battery charging loss factor, thereby affecting the charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current value of each charging stage.
In order to accurately control the charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current in the current charging stage, the battery temperature and the SOC at different specified moments can be collected for multiple times in the battery charging process, and according to the battery charging method in the above embodiment, the internal resistance value and the battery charging loss coefficient of the battery are corrected, so that the charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current in the current charging stage is continuously corrected.
Therefore, at one or two or more specified times during the battery charging process, the charge cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current value in the current charging stage is corrected at the specified times by the battery charging method in the above-described embodiment based on the battery temperature and SOC at the specified times.
In the formula (6), at a specific time in the charging process, according to the collected battery temperature and SOC, the internal resistance value of the battery corresponding to the battery temperature and the battery SOC at the specific time can be obtained by querying the table 1; and according to the battery temperature collected at the specified moment, inquiring the table 2 to obtain the value of the battery charging loss coefficient corresponding to the battery temperature.
In some embodiments, the calculated charge cutoff voltage VnLess than the maximum charge cut-off voltage V in the embodiment of the present inventionmaxAs an example, the maximum charge cut-off voltage VmaxWhich can be understood as the theoretical charge cutoff voltage value of the battery. As a specific example, the maximum charge and cut-off voltage of the battery cell may be 4.25V.
In some embodiments, Vn-1Less than Vn. That is, the charge cut-off voltage V of the (n-1) th charge stagen-1A charge cut-off voltage V smaller than the nth charge stagen。
In some examples, the charging current I for each charging phase is set when the above-described battery charging methodnAnd a charge cut-off voltage VnAnd VmaxWith the functional relationship described in the above equation (6), it is possible to better avoid the situation of overcharging the battery at each charging stage.
Step S150, in the (n-1) th charging stage, the current battery charging voltage is greater than or equal to Vn-1When n-1 is less than the total number of the charging stages, the charging process enters the nth charging stage, and the charging voltage of the battery is greater than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 equals the total number of charging phases, stopping charging.
In some embodiments, n-1 is less than the total number of charging phases, indicating that the (n-1) th charging phase is not the last charging phase, and n-1 is equal to the total number of charging phases, indicating that the (n-1) th charging phase is the last charging phase.
In some embodiments, after the battery charging voltage reaches the charge cutoff voltage corresponding to the charging current of the last charging phase in the last charging phase, the charging of the battery may be continued until the battery charging voltage reaches VmaxWhen the charging is stopped, the charging is stopped.
In some embodiments, I is controlled when the n-1 st charging phase enters the n-th charging phase or stops chargingn-1To prevent fromThe constant rate decreases.
As an example, the predetermined rate may take on a value in the interval of 20A/s to 200A/s.
In some embodiments, the predetermined rate may be a current drop rate.
As an example, the current value 43A for the n-1 th charging phase, the current value for the nth charging phase being 22A, may be reduced from 43A to 22A at a rate of 20A per second as the n-1 th charging phase enters the nth charging phase.
According to the battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a group of charging current values which are reduced in sequence and correspond to each charging stage is set, a group of battery internal resistance values related to the battery temperature and the SOC can be preset in consideration of the influence of the change of the battery internal resistance and the loss of the battery during charging on the battery charging process, and a group of charging loss coefficient values which change along with the battery temperature are preset; and calculating to obtain a charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current value of each charging stage according to the charging current value of the current charging stage and the internal resistance value and the charging loss coefficient value of the battery determined based on the battery temperature and the SOC at the specified moment in the charging process of the battery.
And in each charging stage, charging the battery by using the charging current value of the stage until the charging voltage of the battery reaches the charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current value of the stage, entering the nth charging stage if the current charging stage is not the last charging stage, and stopping charging if the current charging stage is the last charging stage. The battery is charged under the control of the charging current corresponding to each stage and the charging cut-off voltage corresponding to each stage, so that the charging efficiency can be improved, and the condition of overcharging the battery is avoided.
In addition, the method of the embodiment of the invention fully considers the influence of the change of the battery temperature on the battery charging process in the charging process, determines the internal resistance of the battery through the battery temperature and the SOC at the appointed moment in the charging process, determines the battery charging loss coefficient through the battery temperature at the appointed moment, further more accurately controls the charging cut-off voltage of each charging stage, and can improve the charging speed and charge more electric quantity for the battery on the premise of ensuring the charging safety.
A method of charging a battery according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 2a and 2 b.
Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram showing a charging curve of charging voltage as a function of state of charge at different charging rates in a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2b shows a charging curve diagram of battery temperature as a function of state of charge at different charging rates in the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the invention.
In fig. 2a and 2b, the charging rate is used to indicate the magnitude of the charging current when the battery is charged, and the charging environment temperature of the rechargeable battery in this embodiment is about 25 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2a, the abscissa represents the state of charge SOC and the ordinate represents the charging voltage. When the rechargeable battery is charged at a charging ambient temperature of about 25 ℃, the charging voltage of the rechargeable battery starts to increase along with the increase of the state of charge, and when the charging voltage of the battery reaches a charging cut-off voltage value of the last charging stage, the charging voltage of the battery stops increasing until the charging is finished.
Continuing to refer to fig. 2, the battery is charged with a charging rate of 1C, a charging rate of 2C, and a charging rate of 4C, respectively, and in the same state of charge, the charging voltage of the battery is highest when the charging rate is 4C, and the SOC is about 82% when the charging cutoff voltage of the last charging stage is reached; the charging voltage at a charging rate of 1C is minimum, and the SOC at the charging cutoff voltage of the last charging stage is about 96%. It can therefore be concluded that at different charge rates the battery has a different state of charge when it reaches the charge cut-off voltage of the last charge phase.
As shown in fig. 2b, the abscissa represents the state of charge SOC and the ordinate represents the battery temperature. The battery is charged at a charging rate of 1C, a charging rate of 2C and a charging rate of 4C, respectively, and the battery temperature of the battery at the charging rate of 4C can be represented as T4CThe battery temperature at a charge rate of 2C of the battery can be expressed as T2CThe battery temperature at a charge rate of 1C of the battery can be expressed as T1C。
In fig. 2b, the battery is charged at a charging rate of 1C, a charging rate of 2C, and a charging rate of 4C, respectively, with the highest battery temperature when SOC reaches 60% at a charging rate of 4C and the lowest battery temperature when SOC reaches 60% at a charging rate of 1C. It can therefore be concluded that the batteries have different battery temperatures during their charging process when they reach the same state of charge at different charging rates.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a charging current and a battery state of charge of one of the charging stages in the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the abscissa is the state of charge SOC of the battery, representing the current percentage of remaining capacity of the battery, and the ordinate is the charging current I.
As shown in FIG. 3, the charging current value of the current charging phase is I1During charging, if the battery charging voltage is less than the charge cut-off voltage V1Then, continue to use I1Charging the battery at a charging current value of magnitude, SOCaIndicates that the charging current I is maintained during the charging process1When the open-circuit voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage value V1The capacity of the battery is charged.
In I1Gradually decreases to I2Continuously charging the battery, the charged capacity using SOCbIs shown, SOCbGreater than SOCa。
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a charging current and a battery state of charge in a battery charging method according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the abscissa represents the state of charge SOC of the battery, indicating the current remaining capacity of the battery, and the ordinate represents the charging current I.
As shown in FIG. 4, the charging current values from the 1 st to the nth charging phases of the battery charging process are set to I1，I2，...，In。
In FIG. 4, SOC1Is expressed as a charging current I1Cut-off from charging to chargingVoltage V1The state of charge of the battery; SOC2Representing the charging current I1Gradually decreases to I at a predetermined current rate2The state of charge of the battery; SOC3Is expressed as a charging current I2Charging to a charge cut-off voltage V2The state of charge of the battery; SOC4Representing the charging current I2Gradually decreases to I at a predetermined current rate3The state of charge of the battery; … …, respectively; SOCnIs expressed as a charging current InCharging to a charge cut-off voltage VnThe state of charge of the battery; SOCmRepresenting the charging current InThe state of charge of the battery is gradually reduced to 0 at a predetermined current rate.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present invention has improved charging efficiency and charging amount compared to the constant current charging method.
The following describes in detail the battery charging method in the examples of the present invention, and the improvement of the above battery charging method over the existing battery charging method, with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
setting three charging stages, setting a set of charging current values {43A, 22A, 12A } which are reduced in sequence corresponding to the three charging stages, and charging cutoff voltages {4.1V, 4.2V, 4.3V } corresponding to the charging current of each charging stage, placing the battery in a charging environment temperature of-10 ℃ and charging the battery.
During the process of charging the battery with the current 43A, the battery temperature at a specified time is collected, and the SOC of the battery at the specified time is determined.
The battery charging loss coefficient is determined according to the battery temperature, the internal resistance value of the battery is determined according to the battery temperature and the SOC at the specified time, and the charging cut-off voltage 4.1V corresponding to the charging current 43A at the specified time is calculated by using the formula (6).
When the collected battery charging voltage VtIn contrast to the charge cut-off voltage of 4.1V for this charging phase, if V istLess than 4.1V, and continuing to supply electricityStream 43A charges the battery until the battery charging voltage VtAnd 4.1V or more, and enters a second charging stage, namely, the battery is charged with the current of 22A.
During the process of changing the current from 43A to 22A at the amplitude of 10A per second, and charging the battery at the current 22A, the battery temperature at a specified time is collected, and the SOC of the battery at the specified time is determined.
The battery charging loss coefficient is determined according to the battery temperature, the internal resistance value of the battery is determined according to the battery temperature and the SOC at the moment, and the charging cut-off voltage 4.2V corresponding to the charging current 22A at the specified moment is calculated by using the formula (6).
When the collected battery charging voltage VtIn contrast to the charge cut-off voltage of 4.2V for this charging phase, if V istLess than 4.2V, and continuing to charge the battery at a current of 22A until the battery charge voltage VtAnd 4.2V or more, and entering a third charging stage, namely charging the battery with the current of 12A.
The current is changed from 22A to 12A in the amplitude of 10A per second, and the battery temperature at a specified time is collected during the process of charging the battery with the current 12A, and the SOC of the battery at the specified time is determined.
The battery charging loss coefficient is determined according to the battery temperature, the internal resistance value of the battery is determined according to the battery temperature and the SOC at the specified time, and the charging cut-off voltage 4.23V corresponding to the charging current 12A at the specified time is calculated by using the formula (6).
When the collected battery charging voltage VtIn contrast to the charge cut-off voltage of 4.23V for this charging phase, if V istLess than 4.23V, and continuing to charge the battery at a current of 12A until the battery charging voltage VtAnd stopping charging when the voltage is greater than or equal to 4.23V.
Comparative example:
setting the charge cut-off voltage to be 4.25V, placing the battery in an environment with the temperature of-10 ℃, and charging and discharging the battery; and charged at a constant current 43A until the battery charging voltage reaches 4.25V.
The battery charging method in the above-described specific embodiment and comparative embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 5a, 5b, and 5 c.
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram comparing charging curves of an embodiment and a comparative embodiment in a battery charging method according to still another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram comparing the charging speed curves of the specific embodiment and the comparative embodiment in the battery charging method according to still another embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5b is a comparative schematic view of cycle life curves of specific and comparative examples in a battery charging method according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 5a, the abscissa is the battery capacity and the ordinate is the charging voltage. As shown in fig. 5a, when the battery is charged in a charging environment at-10 c, the battery capacity in the specific example is greater than that in the comparative example when the battery charging voltage reaches the maximum charge cut-off voltage. That is, the battery charging method in the embodiment charges the battery with a larger amount of electricity than in the comparative embodiment.
In fig. 5b, the abscissa is the charging time and the ordinate is the battery capacity. As shown in fig. 5b, the battery was in a charging environment at-10 c, and when the charging time reached about 45min, the comparative example stopped charging the battery. In the specific examples, the battery charging method charges the battery with a larger amount of electricity than in the comparative examples, and the battery charging method in the specific examples charges the battery with a larger amount of electricity and at a faster charging speed for the same charging time.
In fig. 5c, the abscissa represents the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery, and the ordinate represents the battery capacity retention rate. As shown in fig. 5c, the capacity retention rates of the batteries in the specific example and the comparative example both showed a downward trend as the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery increased. When the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery is about 300 or more, the capacity retention rate of the battery of the embodiment is high, and the embodiment exhibits a longer cycle life.
In summary, the embodiments improve the charge amount and the charge speed of the battery and have a longer service life of the battery, compared to the battery charging method of the comparative embodiment.
According to the battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a charging mode of charging step by step is adopted, the change of the internal resistance of the rechargeable battery at different battery temperatures and SOC and the influence of the battery temperature on the charging loss in the charging process are fully considered, so that the charging cut-off voltage corresponding to the charging current in each charging stage is determined, and the battery charging process is controlled to enter different charging stages according to the charging cut-off voltages corresponding to the charging currents in different charging stages.
The charging method of the embodiment of the invention can charge the rechargeable battery, thereby not only improving the charging speed and the charging electric quantity of the battery, improving the driving mileage of the new energy automobile using the rechargeable battery, but also prolonging the service life of the rechargeable battery.
A battery charging apparatus and device according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a battery charging apparatus according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the battery charging apparatus 600 includes: a current setting unit 610, an internal resistance determination unit 620, a charging loss factor determination unit 630, a charging cut-off voltage calculation unit 640, and a charging unit 650.
A current setting unit 610 for setting a charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processnWherein, InIs less than In-1N is an integer greater than 1;
an internal resistance determining unit 620 for charging the battery at the n-1 th charging stage by In-1Charging is carried out according to the formula In-1And determining the internal resistance value of the battery according to the battery temperature at the specified moment and the battery SOC at the specified moment during charging.
A charging loss factor determining unit 630, configured to determine a battery charging loss factor of the battery according to the battery temperature at the specified time and by using a relationship between the battery temperature and the battery charging loss factor.
A charge cut-off voltage determining unit 640 forCalculating the (n-1) th charging stage and the (I) th charging loss coefficient of the battery according to the internal resistance value and the charging loss coefficient of the batteryn-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1。
Specifically, the sum of I and the calculation using the above equation (6)n-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1Wherein V ismaxThe maximum charge cut-off voltage, DCR is the internal resistance value of the battery determined according to the battery temperature and SOC, and SOS is the battery charge loss coefficient.
A charging unit 650 for:
in the (n-1) th charging stage, the current battery charging voltage is greater than or equal to Vn-1When n-1 is less than the total number of the charging stages, the charging process enters the nth charging stage, and the charging voltage of the battery is greater than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 equals the total number of charging phases, stopping charging.
In some embodiments, the charging unit 650 is further configured to control I when the n-1 st charging phase enters the n-th charging phase or stops chargingn-1Decreasing at predetermined intervals.
Specifically, the battery in the embodiment of the invention may be a lithium ion storage unit, a lead acid storage unit, a nickel-insulated storage unit, a nickel-hydrogen storage unit, a lithium sulfur storage unit, or a sodium ion storage unit.
According to the battery charging apparatus 600 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of charging stages may be set for the battery charging process, and the charging current value corresponding to each charging stage decreases with the sequence of the charging stages in the charging process; according to the battery charging device, the charging cut-off voltage of the rechargeable battery is adjusted along with the charging current, the battery temperature and the charge state, and on the premise that the charging safety is guaranteed, a higher charging speed and more charging electric quantity are obtained.
The battery charging apparatus 600 according to the embodiment of the present invention may correspond to an execution body in the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and functions of each unit in the battery charging apparatus 600 are respectively for implementing corresponding processes of each method in fig. 1, and are not described herein again for brevity.
At least a portion of the battery charging methods and battery charging apparatuses described in connection with fig. 1-6 may be implemented by a computing device. Fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a computing device of an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, computing device 700 may include an input device 701, an input interface 702, a central processor 703, a memory 704, an output interface 705, and an output device 706. The input interface 702, the central processing unit 703, the memory 704, and the output interface 705 are connected to each other via a bus 710, and the input device 701 and the output device 706 are connected to the bus 710 via the input interface 702 and the output interface 705, respectively, and further connected to other components of the computing device 700. Specifically, the input device 701 receives input information from the outside (for example, a set charging current value and/or a set battery charging voltage for each charging stage of the battery charging process), and transmits the input information to the central processor 703 through the input interface 702; the central processor 703 processes input information based on computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 704 to generate output information, stores the output information temporarily or permanently in the memory 704, and then transmits the output information to the output device 706 through the output interface 705; the output device 706 outputs output information external to the computing device 700 for use by a user.
That is, the computing device 700 shown in fig. 7 may be implemented as a battery charging device comprising: a processor 703 and a memory 704. The memory 704 is used to store executable program code; the processor 703 is configured to read executable program codes stored in the memory to execute the battery charging method of the above-mentioned embodiment, and may execute steps S110 to S150 in the battery charging method.
Here, the processor may communicate with the battery management system and the voltage sensor mounted on the power battery to execute computer-executable instructions based on relevant information from the battery management system and/or the voltage sensor, thereby implementing the battery charging method and the battery charging apparatus described in conjunction with fig. 1 to 6.
By the battery charging equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the battery charging speed and the charging amount can be increased, and the overcharge risk is avoided.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product or computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product or computer-readable storage medium includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific arrangements and instrumentality described above and shown in the drawings. A detailed description of known methods is omitted herein for the sake of brevity. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method processes of the present invention are not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated, and those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and additions or change the order between the steps after comprehending the spirit of the present invention.
The functional blocks shown in the above-described structural block diagrams may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, plug-in, function card, or the like. When implemented in software, the elements of the invention are the programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. The program or code segments may be stored in a machine-readable medium or transmitted by a data signal carried in a carrier wave over a transmission medium or a communication link. A "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that can store or transfer information. Examples of a machine-readable medium include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, Erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, Radio Frequency (RF) links, and so forth. The code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the internet, intranet, etc.
It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this patent describe some methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the above-described steps, that is, the steps may be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, may be performed in an order different from the order in the embodiments, or may be performed simultaneously.
As described above, only the specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system, the module and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again. It should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A battery charging method, comprising:
setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processnWherein, InIs less than In-1N is an integer greater than 1;
in the (n-1) th charging stage, charging the battery with In-1Charging is carried out according to the formula In-1The method comprises the steps that during charging, the battery temperature at a specified moment and the battery SOC at the specified moment are determined, and the internal resistance value of the battery is determined;
determining the battery charging loss coefficient of the battery according to the battery temperature at the specified moment and by using the relation between the battery temperature and the battery charging loss coefficient;
calculating the charge phase and I at the n-1 th stage based on the internal resistance value of the battery and the battery charge loss coefficientn-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1；
In the (n-1) th charging stage, the charging voltage of the battery reaches Vn-1When n-1 is less than the total number of the set charging stages, the nth charging stage is entered, and the charging voltage of the battery reaches Vn-1And when n-1 is equal to the total number of the charging stages, stopping charging;
wherein the calculation of the charge phase and I at the n-1 th stage is based on the internal resistance value of the battery and the battery charge loss factorn-1Corresponding Vn-1The method comprises the following steps:
using formula Vn-1＝Vmax-In-1× DCR × SOS calculation and In-1Corresponding Vn-1Wherein V ismaxThe maximum charge cut-off voltage value of the battery is obtained, the DCR is the internal resistance value of the battery, and the SOS is the battery charge loss coefficient;
the battery charging method further includes:
entering the nth charging stage or stopping charging in the (n-1) th charging stage, and controlling the In-1Decreasing at a predetermined rate.
2. The battery charging method according to claim 1,
the battery is a lithium ion storage unit, a lead-acid storage unit, a nickel-insulated storage unit, a nickel-hydrogen storage unit, a lithium-sulfur storage unit or a sodium ion storage unit.
3. A battery charging apparatus, comprising:
a current setting unit for setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processnWherein, InIs less than In-1N is an integer greater than 1;
an internal resistance determining unit for charging the battery at the n-1 st charging stage by In-1Charging is carried out according to the formula In-1The method comprises the steps that during charging, the battery temperature at a specified moment and the battery SOC at the specified moment are determined, and the internal resistance value of the battery is determined;
the charging loss coefficient determining unit is used for determining the battery charging loss coefficient of the battery according to the battery temperature at the specified moment and the relation between the battery temperature and the battery charging loss coefficient;
a charge cut-off voltage determining unit for calculating the charge phase and I in the (n-1) th charge phase based on the internal resistance value of the battery and the battery charge loss coefficientn-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1；
A charging unit for:
in the (n-1) th charging stage, the current battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1When n-1 is less than the total number of the set charging stages, the nth charging stage is entered, and the charging voltage of the battery reaches Vn-1And when n-1 is equal to the total number of the charging stages, stopping charging;
the charge cutoff voltage determination unit is further configured to:
using formula Vn-1＝Vmax-In-1× DCR × SOS calculate the AND In-1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn-1Wherein V ismaxMaximum charge cut-off voltage, DCR is the internal resistance value of the battery determined according to the battery temperature and the SOC, and SOS is the battery charge loss coefficient；
The charging unit is further configured to:
entering the nth charging stage or stopping charging in the (n-1) th charging stage, and controlling the In-1Decreasing at a predetermined rate.
4. The battery charging apparatus according to claim 3,
the battery is a lithium ion storage unit, a lead-acid storage unit, a nickel-insulated storage unit, a nickel-hydrogen storage unit, a lithium-sulfur storage unit or a sodium ion storage unit.
5. A battery charging apparatus, characterized in that the battery charging apparatus comprises:
a memory for storing executable program code;
a processor for reading executable program code stored in the memory to perform the battery charging method of any of claims 1 to 2.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the battery charging method of any one of claims 1 to 2.
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| CN107612076A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-19 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN107612075A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-19 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| KR102441505B1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2022-09-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Battery charging method for electric vehicle |
| EP3678277B1 (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2022-03-09 | Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. | Quick charging method for battery, charging device, device to be charged and charging system |
| CN109728371A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 上海卡耐新能源有限公司 | A kind of power soft pack cell ladder charge control mode |
| CN111934369B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2022-09-06 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Charging method and device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112448434B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2024-01-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Charging control method and charging control device |
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| CN111092272B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-04-18 | 湖南大学 | Lithium ion battery three-stage charging method considering internal resistance characteristic |
| CN112659973B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-11-18 | 东风汽车有限公司 | Battery charging control method, storage medium and electronic device |
| CN113571789A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-29 | 钰泰半导体南通有限公司 | Method and device for accelerating charging speed of lithium ion battery and storage medium |
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