CN112814876B - Compressed air energy storage system and method capable of achieving self-temperature equalization and air storage - Google Patents

Compressed air energy storage system and method capable of achieving self-temperature equalization and air storage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112814876B
CN112814876B CN202110006853.6A CN202110006853A CN112814876B CN 112814876 B CN112814876 B CN 112814876B CN 202110006853 A CN202110006853 A CN 202110006853A CN 112814876 B CN112814876 B CN 112814876B
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air
temperature
self
equalizing
tank
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CN112814876A (en
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张跃
郑天文
税杨浩
蒋力波
潘磊
张程云
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Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute EIRI Tsinghua University
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Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute EIRI Tsinghua University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/065—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours
    • F17D1/07—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours by compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0381—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact integrated in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a compressed air energy storage system and method capable of achieving self-temperature equalization and air storage, and relates to the technical field of air energy storage. The system comprises a multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit, wherein the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit comprises a plurality of self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tanks; the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank comprises an outer tank, an inner tank, annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes and phase-change materials, wherein the inner tank is arranged inside the outer tank, the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes are arranged between the outer tank and the inner tank at intervals and are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank, liquid absorption cores are arranged on the inner surfaces of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes, working media are arranged in the liquid absorption cores, the working media are used for absorbing heat, evaporating, condensing and releasing heat, and the phase-change materials are arranged between the outer tank and the inner tank and between two adjacent annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes; the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank can increase the energy storage density of the system in the energy storage process, ensure the acting capacity of the system in the energy release process, maintain the stable and efficient operation of the system and improve the power generation efficiency of the system.

Description

Compressed air energy storage system and method capable of achieving self-temperature equalization and air storage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air energy storage, in particular to a compressed air energy storage system and method capable of achieving self-temperature equalization and air storage.
Background
During the energy storage of current compressed air energy storage system, along with the injection of high-pressure air, air temperature can rise sharply in the gas holder, leads to gas holder internal pressure to increase by a wide margin to gas holder internal pressure reaches the highest gas storage pressure too early, thereby has reduced the gas storage volume in the gas holder.
When the existing compressed air energy storage system releases energy, along with the output of high-pressure air in an air storage tank, the temperature of air in the tank can be sharply reduced, and the sharp reduction of the temperature can cause the pressure in the air storage tank to be greatly reduced, so that the pressure in the air storage tank reaches the lowest turbine pressure too early, and the work capacity of the system is reduced. In addition, the air temperature reduction of the outlet of the air storage tank means the air temperature reduction of the inlet of the turbine, so that the output power of the system has fluctuation in the energy release process, and the quality of electric energy is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: when the air storage tank of the existing compressed air energy storage system stores energy, the pressure in the tank reaches the highest pressure too early, the air storage capacity in the tank is reduced, and when the energy is released, the pressure in the tank reaches the lowest turbine pressure too early, so that the overall working capacity of the system is reduced.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a compressed air energy storage system with self-temperature-equalizing air storage, which comprises a single-stage compressor, a multi-stage heat exchange unit, a heat storage tank, a multi-stage turbine and a multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage unit, wherein the multi-stage heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of heat exchangers, and the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage unit comprises a plurality of self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks;
the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank comprises an outer tank, an inner tank, annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes and phase-change materials, wherein the inner tank is arranged inside the outer tank, the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes are arranged between the outer tank and the inner tank at intervals and are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank, liquid absorption cores are arranged on the inner surfaces of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes, working media are arranged in the liquid absorption cores, the working media are used for absorbing heat, evaporating, condensing and releasing heat, and the phase-change materials are arranged between the outer tank and the inner tank and between two adjacent annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes;
the single-stage compressor is used for compressing air and then injecting the compressed air into the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks, and sequentially increasing the air pressure in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank in a relay pressurization mode until the air in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank reaches the final air storage pressure;
the multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit, the multistage heat exchange unit and the multistage turbine are communicated and form a circulation loop, a self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank in the multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit supplies gas to the inlet of the multistage turbine according to the sequence of air pressure from large to small, and the air enters the multistage turbine to do work and then supplies gas to the inlet of the next stage of the multistage turbine through the heat exchanger;
the heat storage tank is communicated with each heat exchanger and forms a circulation loop, and the heat storage tank is used for absorbing air compression heat in the air compression energy storage process and is also used for releasing the stored air compression heat in the compressed air energy release process.
In an optional embodiment, the inner tank is communicated with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe both extend out of the outer tank;
the cross-sectional shape of annular samming heat pipe is fillet rectangle, and annular samming heat pipe includes two lateral walls between inner wall, outer wall and inner wall and the outer wall, and inner wall and inner tank laminating, outer wall and outer tank laminating, imbibition core setting are on the internal surface of inner wall and two lateral walls.
In an alternative embodiment, the wick comprises copper powder, the working fluid comprises ethanol, and the phase change material comprises paraffin.
In an alternative embodiment, the area of the outer surface of the inner vessel in contact with the phase change material is provided with heat dissipating fins.
In an alternative embodiment, the plurality of self-temperature-equalizing gas tanks include a first self-temperature-equalizing gas tank, a second self-temperature-equalizing gas tank and a third self-temperature-equalizing gas tank, and the first self-temperature-equalizing gas tank, the second self-temperature-equalizing gas tank and the third self-temperature-equalizing gas tank are arranged in sequence from small to large according to the final gas storage pressures of the first self-temperature-equalizing gas tank, the second self-temperature-equalizing gas tank and the third self-temperature-equalizing gas tank.
In an alternative embodiment, the plurality of heat exchangers includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a third heat exchanger, and the multi-stage turbine includes a first stage turbine, a second stage turbine, and a third stage turbine;
the third self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank, the first heat exchanger, the first-stage turbine, the second heat exchanger, the second-stage turbine, the third heat exchanger and the third-stage turbine are communicated in sequence;
the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank, the second heat exchanger, the second-stage turbine, the third heat exchanger and the third-stage turbine are communicated in sequence;
the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank, the third heat exchanger and the third-stage turbine are communicated in sequence.
In an optional embodiment, the system further comprises a first branch, a first valve is arranged on the first branch, one end of the first branch is connected to an outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank, and the other end of the first branch is connected to an inlet of the second heat exchanger.
In an optional embodiment, the system further includes a second branch, a second valve is disposed on the second branch, one end of the second branch is connected to the outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank, and the other end of the second branch is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger.
In an optional embodiment, the system further includes a third branch, a seventh valve is disposed on the third branch, one end of the third branch is connected to the outlet of the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank, and the other end of the third branch is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for storing compressed air with self-uniform temperature and gas, where the method employs the compressed air energy storage system with self-uniform temperature and gas storage of the foregoing embodiment, and the method includes:
the energy storage control is used for controlling the single-stage compressor to compress air and then inject the air into the air storage tank, sequentially increasing the air pressure in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank in a relay pressurization mode until the air in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank reaches the air storage final pressure, and simultaneously controlling the heat storage tank to absorb the air compression heat;
and energy release control is performed, a self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank in the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage unit is controlled to supply air to the inlet of the multi-stage turbine from high air pressure to low air pressure, the air enters the turbine to do work and then passes through the heat exchanger to supply air to the next-stage inlet of the multi-stage turbine, and meanwhile, the heat storage tank is controlled to release the stored compression heat.
The compressed air energy storage system and method capable of storing air at uniform temperature provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:
1. when the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank adopted by the system stores energy, along with the injection of high-pressure air, the temperature of the air in the tank is increased sharply, at the moment, heat is transferred to the liquid absorbing core through the inner wall of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe, the working medium in the liquid absorbing core absorbs heat and evaporates, the evaporated working medium flows upwards along the cavity in the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe, because the temperature of the two side walls of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe is lower than the temperature of the evaporated working medium, the working medium can be condensed on the two side walls to release heat, the heat is transferred to the phase-change materials on the two sides through the two side walls, the condensed liquid working medium flows downwards under the action of capillary force and returns to the inner wall of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe to continue to evaporate, and through the circulation, the heat of the inner tank in the air storage process can be transferred to the phase-change materials through the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe, so that the temperature of the inner tank is kept stable, and the phenomenon that the pressure of the inner tank is increased greatly due to the temperature rise of the inner tank is avoided, thereby improving the gas storage capacity of the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank and increasing the energy storage density of the system;
2. in the energy release process of the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank adopted by the system, the temperature of air in the tank is reduced along with the output of high-pressure air, and in addition, the temperature of the phase-change material is higher than the temperature in the storage. The phase-change material releases heat to heat the two side walls of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe and the liquid absorption core inside the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe, the working medium in the liquid absorption core absorbs heat to evaporate, flows back to the inner wall through the cavity of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe to be condensed, and releases heat to heat air in the inner tank. Along with the proceeding of the wick evaporation process on the two side walls of the thermal ring-shaped uniform temperature heat pipe, the working medium concentration in the wick on the two side walls of the thermal ring-shaped uniform temperature heat pipe is reduced, along with the proceeding of the working medium condensation process, the concentration of the wick on the inner wall is increased, and the working medium on the inner wall can flow upwards along the wick under the action of capillary force and returns to the two side walls of the thermal ring-shaped uniform temperature heat pipe to continue to evaporate. The circulation can fully utilize the heat stored by the phase-change material in the energy storage process, heat the air in the air storage tank during the turbine to maintain the temperature stability of the air storage tank, and avoid the phenomena of pressure reduction in the tank and unstable output power caused by temperature reduction in the tank, thereby ensuring the working capacity of the system and maintaining the stable and efficient operation of the system;
3. the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe is arranged between the outer tank and the inner tank, so that the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe can play a role in supporting the outer tank, and the stability of the structure is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic full-sectional structure view of a self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank during energy storage;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank during energy release;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a compressed air energy storage system with self-temperature equalization and air storage according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank; 200-a compressed air energy storage system for self-temperature equalization air storage; 1-outer pot; 2-inner tank; 3, an air inlet pipe; 4-air outlet pipe; 5-insulating layer; 6-annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe; 7-inner wall; 8-outer wall; 9-side wall; 10-a cavity; 11-a phase change material; 12-an electric motor; 13-a generator; 14-a single stage compressor; 15-heat storage tank; 16-a first self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank; 17-a second self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank; 18-a third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank; 19-a first heat exchanger; 20-a second heat exchanger; 21-a third heat exchanger; 22-a first stage turbine; 23-a second stage turbine; 24-a third stage turbine; 25-a first branch; 26-a second branch; 27-a third branch; 28-a bypass conduit; 29-a first valve; 30-a second valve; 31-a third valve; 32-a fourth valve; 33-a fifth valve; 34-a sixth valve; 35-a seventh valve; 36-an eighth valve; 37-ninth valve; 38-tenth valve; 39-eleventh valve; 40-a twelfth valve; 41-a thirteenth valve; 42-a fourteenth valve; 43-a fifteenth valve; 44-a sixteenth valve; 45-a seventeenth valve; 46-an eighteenth valve; 47-nineteenth valve; 48-twentieth valve; 49-twenty-first valve; 50-a twenty-two valve; 51-a twenty-third valve; 52-a twenty-fourth valve; 53-twenty-fifth valve; 54-a twenty-sixth valve; 55-radiating fins.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 100, where the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 100 includes an outer tank 1, an inner tank 2, a heat insulating layer 5, an annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6, and a phase-change material 11.
Specifically, inner tank 2 is used for storing high-pressure gas, and inner tank 2 sets up inside outer jar 1, and the intercommunication has intake pipe 3 and outlet duct 4 on inner tank 2, and intake pipe 3 and outlet duct 4 all stretch out outer jar 1. The number of the inlet pipe 3 and the outlet pipe 4 may be two. The heat preservation layer 5 wraps the outer tank 1 to play a role in heat preservation.
A plurality of annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes 6 are arranged between the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2 at intervals and are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank 2. Annular samming heat pipe 6 sets up between outer jar 1 and inner tank 2, makes annular samming heat pipe 6 can play the effect that supports outer jar 1, improves the stability of structure. The cross-sectional shape of annular samming heat pipe 6 is fillet rectangle, and annular samming heat pipe 6 includes two lateral walls 9 between inner wall 7, outer wall 8 and inner wall 7 and the outer wall 8, and inner wall 7 and the laminating of inner tank 2, outer wall 8 and the laminating of outer jar 1 all are provided with the imbibition core on the internal surface of inner wall 7 and two lateral walls 9, and the imbibition core can include sintered metal, and is concrete can include the copper powder. Working media are arranged in the liquid absorption core and used for absorbing heat, evaporating, condensing and releasing heat, and the working media can comprise ethanol (alcohol).
Phase change materials 11 are arranged between the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2 and between the two adjacent annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes 6, the phase change materials 11 are used for absorbing heat in the inner tank 2 in the air compression process, so that the gas storage pressure of the inner tank 2 is reduced, the energy storage density of the system is increased, and the phase change materials 11 are also used for releasing heat into the tank and heating air in the turbine energy release process, so that the power generation efficiency of the system is improved. In the present embodiment, the phase change material 11 includes paraffin.
The region of the outer surface of the inner tank 2, which is in contact with the phase change material 11, is provided with heat radiating fins 55, thereby improving the efficiency of heat transfer between the inner tank 2 and the phase change material 11. The heat radiating fins 55 may be provided at both ends of the inner vessel 2, or may be provided at the middle of the inner vessel 2.
The working process of the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 provided by the embodiment is as follows:
when energy is stored in the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100, please refer to fig. 3, along with the injection of high-pressure air, the temperature of the air in the tank increases sharply, at this time, heat is transferred to the liquid absorption core through the inner wall 7 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6, the working medium inside the liquid absorption core absorbs heat and evaporates, the evaporated working medium flows upwards along the cavity 10 in the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 (as shown by an arrow in the cavity 10 in fig. 3), because the temperature of the two side walls 9 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 is lower than the temperature of the evaporated working medium at this time, the working medium condenses on the two side walls 9 to release heat, the heat is transferred to the phase change materials 11 on the two sides through the two side walls 9, the condensed liquid working medium flows downwards under the action of capillary force and returns to the inner wall 7 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 to continue to evaporate, and as such circulation, the heat of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 can transfer the heat of the inner tank 2 to the phase change materials 11 in the energy storage process, therefore, the temperature of the inner tank 2 is kept stable, the phenomenon that the pressure of the inner tank 2 is greatly increased due to the temperature rise of the inner tank 2 is avoided, the gas storage capacity of the temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 100 is improved, and the energy storage density of the system is increased;
in the process of energy release from the uniform temperature air container 100, please refer to fig. 4, the temperature of the air in the uniform temperature air container 100 decreases with the output of the high pressure air, and the temperature of the phase change material 11 is higher than the temperature in the uniform temperature air container 100. The phase-change material 11 releases heat to heat two side walls 9 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 and liquid absorption cores inside, the working medium in the liquid absorption cores absorbs heat to evaporate, the working medium flows back to the inner wall 7 through the cavity 10 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 to be condensed, the released heat heats the air in the inner tank 2, along with the proceeding of the evaporation process of the liquid absorption cores on the two side walls 9 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6, the concentration of the working medium in the liquid absorption cores on the two side walls 9 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 is reduced, along with the proceeding of the condensation process of the working medium, the concentration of the liquid absorption cores on the inner wall 7 is increased, the working medium on the inner wall 7 flows upwards along the liquid absorption cores under the action of capillary force and returns to the two side walls 9 of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipe 6 to continue to evaporate, and the circulation can fully utilize the heat stored in the phase-change material 11 in the energy storage process to heat the air in the temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 during turbine so as to maintain the temperature stability, the phenomena of pressure reduction in the tank and unstable output power caused by temperature reduction in the tank are avoided, so that the working capacity of the system is ensured, the stable and efficient operation of the system is maintained, and the power generation efficiency of the system is improved.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 5, arrows in fig. 5 indicate air flow directions, and the present embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage system 200 (hereinafter referred to as "system") with self-temperature-equalizing air storage, which includes a motor 12, a generator 13, a single-stage compressor 14, a multi-stage heat exchange unit, a heat storage tank 15, a multi-stage turbine, a multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage unit, a first branch 25, a second branch 26, a third branch 27, and a switch unit, wherein the multi-stage heat exchange unit includes a plurality of heat exchangers, and the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage unit includes a plurality of self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks 100 according to the first embodiment. Wherein the motor 12 is used to drive a single stage compressor 14 and the multi-stage turbine is used to drive a generator 13 to generate electricity.
Specifically, the plurality of self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tanks 100 include a first self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 16, a second self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 17 and a third self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 18, and the first self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 16, the second self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 17 and the third self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 18 are sequentially arranged from small to large according to the final gas storage pressures of the first self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 16, the second self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 17 and the third self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 18. The plurality of heat exchangers includes a first heat exchanger 19, a second heat exchanger 20, and a third heat exchanger 21, and the multistage turbine includes a first stage turbine 22, a second stage turbine 23, and a third stage turbine 24.
The single-stage compressor 14 is used for compressing air and then injecting the compressed air into the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100, and sequentially increasing the air pressure in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 in a relay pressurization mode until the air in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 reaches the air storage final pressure.
The multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit, the multistage heat exchange unit and the multistage turbine are communicated and form a circulation loop, the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank 100 in the multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit supplies gas to the inlet of the multistage turbine according to the sequence of air pressure from large to small, and the air enters the turbine to do work and then supplies gas to the next-stage inlet of the multistage turbine through the heat exchanger.
The heat storage tank 15 is communicated with each heat exchanger and forms a circulation loop, and the heat storage tank 15 is used for absorbing air compression heat in the air compression energy storage process and releasing the stored air compression heat in the compressed air energy release process.
The third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18, the first heat exchanger 19, the first-stage turbine 22, the second heat exchanger 20, the second-stage turbine 23, the third heat exchanger 21 and the third-stage turbine 24 are communicated in sequence. The second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17, the second heat exchanger 20, the second-stage turbine 23, the third heat exchanger 21 and the third-stage turbine 24 are communicated in sequence. The first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16, the third heat exchanger 21 and the third-stage turbine 24 are communicated in sequence.
A first valve 29 is arranged on the first branch 25, one end of the first branch 25 is connected to the outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18, and the other end of the first branch 25 is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 20. A second valve 30 is arranged on the second branch 26, one end of the second branch 26 is connected to the outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18, and the other end of the second branch 26 is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 21. A seventh valve 35 is arranged on the third branch 27, one end of the third branch 27 is connected to the outlet of the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17, and the other end of the third branch 27 is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger 21.
The switch unit is connected between the third heat exchanger 21 and the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit, the switch unit comprises a third valve 31, a fourth valve 32, a fifth valve 33, a sixth valve 34 and a bypass pipeline 28, the third valve 31, the fourth valve 32 and the third heat exchanger 21 are sequentially communicated and form a circulation loop, the fifth valve 33, the sixth valve 34 and the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit are sequentially communicated and form a circulation loop, one end of the bypass pipeline 28 is communicated between the third valve 31 and the fourth valve 32, and the other end of the bypass pipeline 28 is communicated between the fifth valve 33 and the sixth valve 34.
The system further comprises an eighth valve 36, a ninth valve 37, a tenth valve 38, an eleventh valve 39, a twelfth valve 40, a thirteenth valve 41, a fourteenth valve 42, a fifteenth valve 43, a sixteenth valve 44, a seventeenth valve 45, an eighteenth valve 46, a nineteenth valve 47, a twentieth valve 48, a twenty-first valve 49, a twenty-twelfth valve 50, a twenty-third valve 51, a twenty-fourth valve 52, a twenty-fifth valve 53 and a twenty-sixth valve 54. Among them, the eleventh to eighteenth valves 39 to 46 are preferably throttle valves, and the other valves are preferably on-off valves.
An eighth valve 36 and a ninth valve 37 are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the single-stage compressor 14, respectively. A tenth valve 38 is installed at the outlet of the third heat exchanger 21. An eleventh valve 39, a twelfth valve 40 and a thirteenth valve 41 are respectively arranged at the first inlet, the first outlet and the second outlet of the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16. A fourteenth valve 42, a fifteenth valve 43 and a sixteenth valve 44 are respectively installed at the first inlet, the first outlet and the second outlet of the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17. A seventeenth valve 45 and an eighteenth valve 46 are respectively installed at the first inlet and the first outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18. A nineteenth valve 47 is installed between the third self-temperature-equalizing air tank 18 and the first heat exchanger 19. A twentieth valve 48 is mounted at the outlet of the first stage turbine 22. A twenty-first valve 49 is installed at the inlet of the second heat exchanger 20. A twelfth valve 50 and a twentieth valve 51 are mounted at the inlet and outlet of the second stage turbine 23, respectively. A twenty-fourth valve 52 is mounted at the inlet of the third stage turbine 24. A twenty-fifth valve 53 is installed between the first heat exchanger 19 and the heat storage tank 15. A twenty-sixth valve 54 is installed between the second heat exchanger 20 and the heat storage tank 15.
The embodiment further provides a compressed air energy storage method with self-temperature equalization and air storage (hereinafter referred to as "method"), which mainly adopts the compressed air energy storage system 200 with self-temperature equalization and air storage, and for convenience of description, it is assumed that the ambient air pressure is P0The single-stage compressor 14 has a pressure increase ratio of λ, and the first-stage turbine 22, the second-stage turbine 23, and the third-stage turbine 24 have expansion ratios of β, respectively1、β2And beta3. The method comprises the following steps:
energy storage control
The main control strategy is as follows: the single-stage compressor 14 is controlled to compress air and then inject the compressed air into the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks 100, the air pressure in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 is sequentially increased in a relay pressurization mode until the air in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 reaches the air storage final pressure, and meanwhile, the heat storage tank 15 is controlled to absorb air compression heat.
Step 1: the eighth valve 36, the ninth valve 37, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33, and the eleventh valve 39 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
After the single-stage compressor 14 is started to compress the ambient air, the compressed ambient air sequentially passes through the eighth valve 36, the third heat exchanger 21, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33 and the eleventh valve 39, and is finally injected into the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 until the air pressure in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 reaches lambdap0。
Step 2: the eighth valve 36, the ninth valve 37, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33, and the fourteenth valve 42 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
After the single-stage compressor 14 is started to compress the ambient air, the compressed ambient air sequentially passes through the eighth valve 36, the third heat exchanger 21, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33 and the fourteenth valve 42, and is finally injected into the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 until the air pressure in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 reaches lambdap0。
And step 3: the eighth valve 36, the ninth valve 37, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33, and the seventeenth valve 45 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
After the single-stage compressor 14 is started to compress the ambient air, the compressed ambient air sequentially passes through the eighth valve 36, the third heat exchanger 21, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33 and the seventeenth valve 45, and is finally injected into the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 until the air pressure in the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 reaches lambdap0。
And 4, step 4: the twelfth, ninth, fourth, fifth and fourteenth valves 40, 37, 32, 33 and 42 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is throttled by the twelfth valve 40 to have a stable pressure P1(P0<P1<λP0) Enters a single-stage compressor 14 and is compressed to lambdap by the single-stage compressor 141Then the air passes through a ninth valve 37, a third heat exchanger 21, a fourth valve 32, a fifth valve 33 and a fourteenth valve 42 in sequence, and finally is injected into the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 until the air pressure in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 reaches lambdap1. In the process, if the pressure in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 is not increased to lambdap1When the pressure of the air in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is reduced to P1If yes, step 4 is stopped, and step 1 is started until the pressure of the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is increased to lambdap0Then, step 4 is performed.
And 5: the twelfth valve 40, the ninth valve 37, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33, and the seventeenth valve 45 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is throttled by the twelfth valve 40 to have a stable pressure P1(P0<P1<λP0) Enters a single-stage compressor 14 and is compressed to lambdap by the single-stage compressor 141Then passes through a ninth valve 37, a third heat exchanger 21, a fourth valve 32, a fifth valve 33 and a seventeenth valve 45 in sequence, and finally is injected into the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 until the air pressure in the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 reaches lambdap1. In the process, if the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 is not pressurized to lambdap1When the pressure of the air in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is reduced to P1If yes, step 5 is terminated, and step 1 is started until the pressure of the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is increased to lambdap0Thereafter, step 5 is performed.
Step 6: the fifteenth valve 43, the ninth valve 37, the fourth valve 32, the fifth valve 33, and the seventeenth valve 45 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 is throttled by the fifteenth valve 43 to have a stable pressure P2(λP0<P2<λP1) Enters a single-stage compressor 14 and is compressed to lambdap by the single-stage compressor 142Then the air passes through a ninth valve 37, a third heat exchanger 21, a fourth valve 32, a fifth valve 33 and a seventeenth valve 45 in sequence, and finally is injected into the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 until the air pressure in the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 reaches lambdap2. In the process, if the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 is not pressurized to lambdap2In the meantime, the air pressure in the second self-temperature-equalizing air tank 17 is first reduced to P2If yes, the step 6 is stopped, and the step 4 is started until the pressure of the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 is increased to lambdap1Thereafter, step 6 is performed.
And 7: continuing the step 4 until the air pressure in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 is lambda P1。
And 8: continuing the step 1 until the air pressure in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is lambda P0。
And step 9: in the air compression process, the heat storage tank 15 absorbs the air compression heat through the third heat exchanger 21.
Energy release control
The main control strategy is as follows: and controlling a self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 in the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage unit to supply air to the inlet of the multi-stage turbine in the descending order of air pressure, supplying air to the inlet of the next stage of the multi-stage turbine through a heat exchanger after the air enters the multi-stage turbine to do work, and controlling the heat storage tank 15 to release the stored air compression heat.
Step 10: the eighteenth valve 46, the nineteenth valve 47, the twentieth valve 48, the twenty-first valve 49, the twenty-twelfth valve 50, the twentieth valve 51, the sixth valve 34, the third valve 31, the tenth valve 38, the twenty-fourth valve 52, the twenty-fifth valve 53, and the twenty-sixth valve 54 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 is controlled to be throttled by the eighteenth valve 46 to have stable pressure P3Wherein P is3＝P0/(β1*β2*β3) And the output of the heat exchanger passes through a nineteenth valve 47, a first heat exchanger 19, a first-stage turbine 22, a twentieth valve 48, a twenty-first valve 49, a second heat exchanger 20, a twentieth valve 50, a second-stage turbine 23, a thirteenth second valve 51, a sixth valve 34, a third valve 31, a third heat exchanger 21, a tenth valve 38, a twenty-fourth valve 52 and a third-stage turbine 24 in sequence, so that the expansion work of the first-stage turbine 22, the second-stage turbine 23 and the third-stage turbine 24 is realized. During this time, the heat storage tank absorbs the air compression heat by the first heat exchanger 19, the second heat exchanger 20, and the third heat exchanger 21, respectively. This process continues until the air pressure within the third self-equalizing air reservoir 18 decreases to P3。
Step 11: the eighteenth valve 46, the first valve 29, the twenty-first valve 49, the twenty-twelfth valve 50, the twentieth valve 51, the sixth valve 34, the third valve 31, the tenth valve 38, the twenty-fourth valve 52, and the twenty-sixth valve 54 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 is controlled to be throttled by the eighteenth valve 46 to have stable pressure P4Wherein P is4＝P0/(β2*β3) And the output of the second-stage turbine 24 passes through a first valve 29, a twenty-first valve 49, a second heat exchanger 20, a twentieth valve 50, a second-stage turbine 23, a thirteenth valve 51, a sixth valve 34, a third valve 31, a third heat exchanger 21, a tenth valve 38, a twenty-fourth valve 52 and the third-stage turbine 24 in sequence, so that the second-stage turbine 23 and the third-stage turbine 24 perform expansion work. During this time, the heat storage tanks absorb the heat of air compression through the second heat exchanger 20 and the third heat exchanger 21, respectively. This process continues until the air pressure within the third self-equalizing air reservoir 18 decreases to P4。
Step 12: the eighteenth, second, sixth, third, tenth and twenty- fourth valves 46, 30, 34, 31, 38 and 52 are opened and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 18 is controlled to be throttled by the eighteenth valve 46 to have stable pressure P5Wherein P is5＝P0/β3And the output is sequentially processed by the second valve 30, the sixth valve 34, the third valve 31, the third heat exchanger 21, the tenth valve 38, the twenty-fourth valve 52 and the third-stage turbine 24, so that the third-stage turbine 24 expands and works. During this time, the heat storage tank absorbs the heat of air compression by the third heat exchanger 21. This process continues until the air pressure within the third self-equalizing air reservoir 18 decreases to P5。
Step 13: the sixteenth valve 44, the twenty-first valve 49, the twenty-twelfth valve 50, the twenty-third valve 51, the sixth valve 34, the third valve 31, the tenth valve 38, the twenty-fourth valve 52, and the twenty-sixth valve 54 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 is controlled to be throttled by a sixteenth valve 44 to be at a stable pressure P4Wherein P is4＝P0/(β2*β3) The output of the heat exchanger passes through a twenty-first valve 49, a second heat exchanger 20, a twentieth valve 50, a second-stage turbine 23, a thirteenth valve 51, a sixth valve 34, a third valve 31, a third heat exchanger 21, a tenth valve 38, a twenty-fourth valve 52 and a third-stage turbine 24 in sequence to realize the second stageThe turbine 23 and the third stage turbine 24 expand to perform work. During this time, the heat storage tanks absorb the heat of air compression through the second heat exchanger 20 and the third heat exchanger 21, respectively. This process continues until the air pressure within the second self-equalizing air reservoir 17 is reduced to P4。
Step 14: the sixteenth valve 44, the seventh valve 35, the sixth valve 34, the third valve 31, the tenth valve 38, and the twenty-fourth valve 52 are opened, and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 17 is controlled to be throttled by a sixteenth valve 44 to be at a stable pressure P5Wherein P is5＝P0/β3And the output of the third-stage turbine 24 passes through a seventh valve 35, a sixth valve 34, a third valve 31, a third heat exchanger 21, a tenth valve 38, a twenty-fourth valve 52 and the third-stage turbine 24 in sequence, so that the third-stage turbine 24 performs expansion work. During this time, the heat storage tank absorbs the heat of air compression by the third heat exchanger 21. This process continues until the air pressure within the second self-equalizing air reservoir 17 is reduced to P5。
Step 15: the thirteenth, sixth, third, tenth and twenty-fourth valves 41, 34, 31, 38 and 52 are opened and the remaining valves are closed.
The air in the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 16 is controlled to be throttled by the thirteenth valve 41 to be at a stable pressure P5Wherein P is5＝P0/β3And the output of the third-stage turbine 24 passes through a sixth valve 34, a third valve 31, a third heat exchanger 21, a tenth valve 38, a twenty-fourth valve 52 and the third-stage turbine 24 in sequence, so that the third-stage turbine 24 performs expansion work. During this time, the heat storage tank absorbs the heat of air compression by the third heat exchanger 21. This process continues until the air pressure within the first self-equalizing air reservoir 16 decreases to P5。
The compressed air energy storage system 200 and method with self-temperature equalization and air storage provided by the embodiment have the beneficial effects that:
1. the number of the heat exchangers is equal to the number of stages of the turbine, and the compression link and the turbine link share the third heat exchanger 21 and the heat storage tank 15, so that the occupied areas of a heat exchange system and a heat storage system can be greatly reduced, and the investment costs of the heat storage tank 15 and the heat exchangers are reduced;
2. by adopting the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank 100 provided by the first embodiment, the energy storage density of the system is increased in the energy storage process, the working capacity of the system is ensured in the energy release process, the stable and efficient operation of the system is maintained, and the power generation efficiency of the system is improved.
It is easy to understand that, the present embodiment employs three self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks 100, in other embodiments, two, four, or even more self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks 100 may be employed, and the working manners of other self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks 100 are the same as those in the present embodiment, and are not described herein again. Of course, other numbers of self-equalizing air containers 100 are also contemplated as falling within the scope of the claimed invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The compressed air energy storage system capable of storing air at a self-uniform temperature is characterized by comprising a single-stage compressor (14), a multi-stage heat exchange unit, a heat storage tank (15), a multi-stage turbine and a multi-stage self-uniform temperature air storage unit, wherein the multi-stage heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of heat exchangers, and the multi-stage self-uniform temperature air storage unit comprises a plurality of self-uniform temperature air storage tanks;
the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank comprises an outer tank (1), an inner tank (2), annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes (6) and phase-change materials (11), wherein the inner tank (2) is arranged inside the outer tank (1), the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes (6) are arranged between the outer tank (1) and the inner tank (2) at intervals and are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner tank (2), liquid absorption cores are arranged on the inner surfaces of the annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes (6), working media are arranged in the liquid absorption cores and used for absorbing heat, evaporating, condensing and releasing heat, and the phase-change materials (11) are arranged between the outer tank (1) and the inner tank (2) and between two adjacent annular temperature-equalizing heat pipes (6);
the single-stage compressor (14), the multistage heat exchange unit and the multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit are communicated and form a circulation loop, the single-stage compressor (14) is used for injecting compressed air into the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank, and sequentially increasing the air pressure in each self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank in a relay pressurization mode until the air in each self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank reaches the final gas storage pressure;
the multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit, the multistage heat exchange unit and the multistage turbine are communicated and form a circulation loop, the self-temperature-equalizing gas storage tank in the multistage self-temperature-equalizing gas storage unit supplies gas to the inlet of the multistage turbine according to the sequence of air pressure from large to small, and the air enters the multistage turbine to do work and then passes through the heat exchanger to supply gas to the inlet of the next stage of the multistage turbine;
the heat storage tank (15) is communicated with each heat exchanger and forms a circulation loop, and the heat storage tank (15) is used for absorbing air compression heat in the air compression energy storage process and releasing the stored air compression heat in the compressed air energy release process.
2. The compressed air energy storage system with self-temperature equalization and air storage function according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner tank (2) is communicated with an air inlet pipe (3) and an air outlet pipe (4), and the air inlet pipe (3) and the air outlet pipe (4) both extend out of the outer tank (1);
the cross-sectional shape of annular samming heat pipe (6) is fillet rectangle, annular samming heat pipe (6) include inner wall (7), outer wall (8) and inner wall (7) with two lateral walls (9) between outer wall (8), inner wall (7) with inner tank (2) laminating, outer wall (8) with outer jar (1) laminating, the wick sets up inner wall (7) and two on the internal surface of lateral wall (9).
3. The compressed air energy storage system with self-temperature equalization and air storage according to claim 2, wherein the liquid absorption core comprises copper powder, the working medium comprises ethanol, and the phase change material (11) comprises paraffin.
4. The self temperature equalization air storage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that the area of the outer surface of the inner tank (2) in contact with the phase change material (11) is provided with heat dissipating fins (55).
5. The self-temperature-equalizing air-storing compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of self-temperature-equalizing air tanks comprise a first self-temperature-equalizing air tank (16), a second self-temperature-equalizing air tank (17) and a third self-temperature-equalizing air tank (18), and the first self-temperature-equalizing air tank (16), the second self-temperature-equalizing air tank (17) and the third self-temperature-equalizing air tank (18) are arranged in sequence from small to large according to the final air-storing pressure of each air tank.
6. The self temperature equalization stored compressed air energy storage system of claim 5 wherein the plurality of heat exchangers includes a first heat exchanger (19), a second heat exchanger (20) and a third heat exchanger (21), and the plurality of turbines includes a first stage turbine (22), a second stage turbine (23) and a third stage turbine (24);
the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank (18), the first heat exchanger (19), the first-stage turbine (22), the second heat exchanger (20), the second-stage turbine (23), the third heat exchanger (21) and the third-stage turbine (24) are communicated in sequence;
the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank (17), the second heat exchanger (20), the second-stage turbine (23), the third heat exchanger (21) and the third-stage turbine (24) are communicated in sequence;
the first self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank (16), the third heat exchanger (21) and the third-stage turbine (24) are communicated in sequence.
7. The self-temperature-equalizing air-storing compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, further comprising a first branch (25), wherein a first valve (29) is disposed on the first branch (25), one end of the first branch (25) is connected to the outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank (18), and the other end of the first branch (25) is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger (20).
8. The self-temperature-equalizing air-storing compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, further comprising a second branch (26), wherein a second valve (30) is disposed on the second branch (26), one end of the second branch (26) is connected to the outlet of the third self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank (18), and the other end of the second branch (26) is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger (21).
9. The self-temperature-equalizing air-storing compressed air energy storage system according to claim 6, further comprising a third branch (27), wherein a seventh valve (35) is disposed on the third branch (27), one end of the third branch (27) is connected to the outlet of the second self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank (17), and the other end of the third branch (27) is connected to the inlet of the third heat exchanger (21).
10. A method for storing energy from compressed air stored at a uniform temperature, the method comprising the system of claim 1, the method comprising:
the energy storage control is used for controlling the single-stage compressor (14) to compress air and then inject the compressed air into the air storage tank, sequentially increasing the air pressure in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank in a relay pressurization mode until the air in each self-temperature-equalizing air storage tank reaches the air storage final pressure, and simultaneously controlling the heat storage tank (15) to absorb the air compression heat;
and energy release control is performed, the self-temperature-equalizing air storage tanks in the multi-stage self-temperature-equalizing air storage units are controlled to supply air to inlets of the multi-stage turbines from high air pressure to low air pressure, the air enters the multi-stage turbines to do work and then passes through the heat exchanger to supply air to the next-stage inlets of the multi-stage turbines, and meanwhile, the heat storage tank (15) is controlled to release stored air compression heat.
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