CN112483350B - Compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system and method - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112483350B CN112483350B CN202011347779.6A CN202011347779A CN112483350B CN 112483350 B CN112483350 B CN 112483350B CN 202011347779 A CN202011347779 A CN 202011347779A CN 112483350 B CN112483350 B CN 112483350B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
- C01B13/0259—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/04—Purification or separation of nitrogen
- C01B21/0405—Purification or separation processes
- C01B21/0433—Physical processing only
- C01B21/045—Physical processing only by adsorption in solids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K19/00—Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K19/10—Cooling exhaust steam other than by condenser; Rendering exhaust steam invisible
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0045—Oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0046—Nitrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention provides a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system and method, and relates to the technical field of energy equipment. In the system, a compressor, a cooler, a gas storage, a heat regenerator and an expander are sequentially communicated, the expander is connected with a generator, and the expander is used for expanding compressed air in the gas storage to do work and pushing the generator to output electric power; the first gas storage tank is communicated with the expansion machine and is used for storing tail gas discharged by the expansion machine; the first pressure swing adsorption tower is used for separating oxygen from tail gas of the first gas storage tank and storing the oxygen in the second gas storage tank; the first gas storage tank, the second pressure swing adsorption tower and the third gas storage tank are communicated in sequence, and the second pressure swing adsorption tower is used for separating nitrogen from tail gas of the first gas storage tank and storing the nitrogen in the third gas storage tank. The system and the method not only can output electric power, but also can utilize tail gas discharged after compressed air expands to do work to prepare oxygen and nitrogen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy equipment, in particular to a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system and method.
Background
The energy storage has great significance for energy structure optimization and power grid operation adjustment. The advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage technology is a large-scale energy storage technology with a multi-energy co-production function, utilizes air as a working medium to store electric power, and can meet various power grid regulation requirements such as peak shifting, valley filling, rotation standby, voltage and phase regulation, new energy consumption and the like.
The gas adsorption separation technology realizes gas separation by depending on the difference of different adsorbents in adsorption capacity to gas under different pressures, the process is operated at low temperature, the operation is safe and reliable, the automation degree is high, and the method is the main direction of industrial oxygen and nitrogen production at present. However, the separated gas needs to be pressurized by a compressor, and a large amount of energy is consumed, so that the cost for reducing energy consumption is always the hot research.
Therefore, the compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system is designed, not only can work by utilizing the expansion of compressed air and push the generator to output electric power, but also can prepare oxygen and nitrogen by utilizing tail gas exhausted after the expansion of compressed air and work, which is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system and a method, which not only can utilize compressed air to do work by expansion and push a generator to output electric power, but also can utilize tail gas discharged after the compressed air does work by expansion to prepare oxygen and nitrogen.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system, which comprises a compressor, a cooler, a gas storage, a heat regenerator, a hot tank, a cold tank, an expander, a generator, a first pressure swing adsorption tower, a second pressure swing adsorption tower, a first gas storage tank, a second gas storage tank and a third gas storage tank, wherein the cooler comprises an A1 port and a B1 port which are mutually communicated, a C1 port and a D1 port which are mutually communicated, and the heat regenerator comprises an A2 port and a B2 port which are mutually communicated, and a C2 port and a D2 port which are mutually communicated;
the compressor is used for forming compressed air, the compressor, the port A1, the port B1, the gas storage, the port A2, the port B2 and the expander are sequentially communicated, the expander is connected with the generator, and the expander is used for expanding the compressed air in the gas storage to do work and drive the generator to output electric power;
the cold tank, the port C1, the port D1, the hot tank, the port C2 and the port D2 are sequentially communicated to form a circulation loop, the flowing medium in the cold tank is heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil is conveyed to the cooler from the cold tank and is stored in the hot tank after being heated by compressed air, the heat conduction oil is conveyed to the heat regenerator from the hot tank, and the heat conduction oil heats the compressed air flowing through the heat regenerator and flows back to the cold tank;
the first gas storage tank is communicated with the expansion machine and is used for storing tail gas discharged by the expansion machine;
the first pressure swing adsorption tower is used for separating oxygen from tail gas of the first gas storage tank and storing the oxygen in the second gas storage tank;
the first gas storage tank, the second pressure swing adsorption tower and the third gas storage tank are communicated in sequence, and the second pressure swing adsorption tower is used for separating nitrogen from tail gas of the first gas storage tank and storing the nitrogen in the third gas storage tank.
In an optional embodiment, the system further comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline and the second pipeline are respectively communicated with two ends of the first air storage tank;
the inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower and the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower are both communicated to a first pipeline, wherein the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower is far away from the first gas storage tank relative to the inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower, the inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower is positioned at the lower end of the first pressure swing adsorption tower, and the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower is positioned at the upper end of the first pressure swing adsorption tower;
the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower and the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower are both communicated to the second pipeline, wherein the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower is far away from the first gas storage tank relative to the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower.
In an alternative embodiment, the second and third reservoirs communicate at an end of the second conduit remote from the first reservoir.
In an alternative embodiment, the system further comprises a vacuum pump mounted on the second conduit, the vacuum pump being remote from the first gas storage tank compared to the second pressure swing adsorption column.
In an alternative embodiment, the system further comprises an air outlet valve mounted at an end of the first conduit remote from the first air reservoir.
In an alternative embodiment, the system further comprises a check valve mounted on the conduit between the expander and the second reservoir, the check valve being adapted to prevent flow of exhaust gas from the first reservoir to the expander.
In an alternative embodiment, the system further comprises a main solenoid valve mounted on the line between the expander and the first air reservoir.
In an optional embodiment, the system further includes an on-off branch, a first electromagnetic valve is installed on the on-off branch, and two ends of the on-off branch are respectively communicated to the first pipeline and the second pipeline and located between the first pressure swing adsorption tower and the second pressure swing adsorption tower.
In an optional embodiment, the system further comprises a second solenoid valve installed on the first pipeline and located between the on-off branch and the first pressure swing adsorption tower.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization method, which adopts the compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system of the foregoing embodiment, and the method includes:
and opening the first electromagnetic valve and closing the second electromagnetic valve, wherein the tail gas of the first gas storage tank sequentially passes through the first pressure swing adsorption tower, the on-off branch and the second pressure swing adsorption tower, oxygen is separated from the first pressure swing adsorption tower, and nitrogen is separated from the second pressure swing adsorption tower.
The compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system and method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:
1. the compressor and the expander can do work by expanding compressed air and push the generator to output electric power by utilizing a circulating loop formed by the cooler, the hot tank, the heat regenerator and the cold tank;
2. the tail gas of the expansion machine is conveyed to the first gas storage tank, and the nitrogen and the oxygen can be separated from the tail gas by utilizing the first pressure swing adsorption tower and the second pressure swing adsorption tower, so that not only is energy waste avoided, but also waste utilization is realized, and useful nitrogen and oxygen are produced;
3. the system has ingenious structural design, not only has refined structure, but also has good expansibility, for example, a first gas storage tank can be communicated with a plurality of pressure swing adsorption towers, so that other gases in tail gas can be separated, and the separation of other gases can be realized by replacing the adsorbent in the existing pressure swing adsorption towers, so that the required pure gas can be prepared.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 1 for producing oxygen;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 1 for nitrogen generation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 1 for producing oxygen and nitrogen simultaneously;
fig. 5 is a schematic composition diagram of a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Icon: 1-compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system; 2-a compressor; 3-a cooler; 4-gas storage; 5-a heat regenerator; 6-heating the tank; 7-cooling the tank; 8-an expander; 9-a generator; 10-a first pressure swing adsorption column; 11-a second pressure swing adsorption column; 12-a first gas reservoir; 13-a second gas reservoir; 14-a third air reservoir; 15-a vacuum pump; 16-a check valve; 17-a first conduit; 18-a second conduit; 19-switching on and off the branch; 20-a first solenoid valve; 21-a main solenoid valve; 22-a venting valve; 23-a second solenoid valve; 24-a third solenoid valve; 25-a fourth solenoid valve; 26-a fifth solenoid valve; 27-a sixth solenoid valve; 28-seventh solenoid valve; 29-eighth solenoid valve; 30-a ninth solenoid valve; 31-tenth solenoid valve; 32-eleventh solenoid valve; 33-a twelfth solenoid valve; 34-a thirteenth solenoid valve; 35-a fourteenth solenoid valve; 36-a third pressure swing adsorption column; 37-a fifteenth solenoid valve; 38-sixteenth solenoid valve; 39-additional branches; 40-a fourth gas storage tank; 41-additional electromagnetic valve; 42-seventeenth solenoid valve; 43-eighteenth solenoid valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system 1 (referred to as "system") including a compressor 2, a cooler 3, a gas storage 4, a heat regenerator 5, a hot tank 6, a cold tank 7, an expander 8, a generator 9, a first pressure swing adsorption tower 10, a second pressure swing adsorption tower 11, a first gas tank 12, a second gas tank 13, a third gas tank 14, a vacuum pump 15, a check valve 16, a first pipeline 17, a second pipeline 18, and an on-off branch 19, wherein the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 has an adsorbent for adsorbing oxygen, the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 has an adsorbent for adsorbing nitrogen, the cooler 3 includes an a1 port and a B1 port that are communicated with each other, a C1 port and a D1 port that are communicated with each other, and the heat regenerator 5 includes an a2 port and a B2 port that are communicated with each other, a C2 port and a D2 port that are communicated with each other.
Specifically, the compressor 2 is used for forming compressed air, the compressor 2, a1 mouth, B1 mouth, gas storage 4, A2 mouth, B2 mouth and expander 8 communicate in proper order, expander 8 is connected with generator 9, and expander 8 is used for the expansion of compressed air in the expansion gas storage 4 to do work and promote generator 9 output power, and the pressure range of the tail gas that expander 8 exhaust is: 0.5MPa to 0.8 MPa.
The cold tank 7, the port C1, the port D1, the hot tank 6, the port C2 and the port D2 are sequentially communicated to form a circulation loop, an internal flowing medium is heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil is conveyed to the cooler 3 from the cold tank 7 and is stored in the hot tank 6 after being heated by compressed air, the heat conduction oil is conveyed to the heat regenerator 5 by the hot tank 6, and the heat conduction oil heats the compressed air flowing through the heat regenerator 5 and flows back to the cold tank 7.
The first tank 12 is communicated with the expander 8, the first tank 12 stores the exhaust gas discharged from the expander 8, the check valve 16 is installed on a pipe between the expander 8 and the second tank 13, and the check valve 16 prevents the exhaust gas from flowing from the first tank 12 to the expander 8.
The first and second pipes 17 and 18 are respectively communicated with both ends of the first air tank 12. The inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 are both communicated to the first pipeline 17, wherein the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 is far away from the first gas storage tank 12 relative to the inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10. The outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 are both communicated to a second pipeline 18, wherein the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 is far away from the first gas storage tank 12 relative to the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10.
The second tank 13 and the third tank 14 communicate at one end of the second conduit 18 remote from the first tank 12. The vacuum pump 15 is installed on the second pipeline 18, and the vacuum pump 15 is far away from the first gas storage tank 12 compared with the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11.
The on-off branch 19 is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 20, and two ends of the on-off branch 19 are respectively communicated with the first pipeline 17 and the second pipeline 18 and are positioned between the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11.
In this way, the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 is used to separate oxygen from the tail gas of the first gas tank 12 and store the oxygen in the second gas tank 13, corresponding to the sequential communication of the first gas tank 12, the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the second gas tank 13. The first gas storage tank 12, the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 and the third gas storage tank 14 are sequentially communicated, and the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 is used for separating nitrogen from tail gas of the first gas storage tank 12 and storing the nitrogen in the third gas storage tank 14.
The system further includes a main solenoid valve 21, an exhaust valve 22, a second solenoid valve 23, a third solenoid valve 24, a fourth solenoid valve 25, a fifth solenoid valve 26, a sixth solenoid valve 27, a seventh solenoid valve 28, an eighth solenoid valve 29, a ninth solenoid valve 30, a tenth solenoid valve 31, an eleventh solenoid valve 32, a twelfth solenoid valve 33, a thirteenth solenoid valve 34, and a fourteenth solenoid valve 35.
A main solenoid valve 21 is installed on a line between the expander 8 and the first air tank 12. An exhaust valve 22 is mounted at an end of the first conduit 17 remote from the first reservoir 12. The second electromagnetic valve 23 is installed on the first pipeline 17 and is located between the on-off branch 19 and the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10.
A third solenoid valve 24 and a fourth solenoid valve 25 are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the gas storage 4, respectively, wherein the fourth solenoid valve 25 is a throttle valve. A fifth solenoid valve 26 and a sixth solenoid valve 27 are installed at both ends of the first air tank 12, respectively. The seventh solenoid valve 28 and the eighth solenoid valve 29 are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10, respectively, and the ninth solenoid valve 30 is installed at the exhaust port of the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10. The tenth solenoid valve 31 and the eleventh solenoid valve 32 are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11, respectively, and the twelfth solenoid valve 33 is installed at the exhaust port of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11. A thirteenth solenoid valve 34 and a fourteenth solenoid valve 35 are installed at the inlets of the second and third air tanks 13 and 14, respectively.
The embodiment also provides a compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization method (hereinafter referred to as a "method"), which adopts the compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system 1, not only can output electric power, but also can utilize tail gas exhausted after compressed air expands to work to prepare oxygen and nitrogen.
The method comprises the following steps:
step one, compressed air energy storage.
The third solenoid valve 24 is opened and the fourth solenoid valve 25 is closed.
The compressor 2 is driven by low-ebb electric energy to compress normal pressure air to high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air, the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air passes through the cooler 3 and exchanges heat with low-temperature medium from the inside of the cold tank 7, the low-temperature medium absorbs heat and is heated and then stored in the hot tank 6, and the compressed air releases heat in the cooler 3 and then is injected into the gas storage 4 for storage.
And step two, compressing the air to release energy and generate power.
The fourth electromagnetic valve 25 and the main electromagnetic valve 21 are opened.
On the basis of the first step, the low-temperature compressed air from the inside of the gas storage 4 enters the heat regenerator 5 after being throttled and stabilized in pressure by the fourth electromagnetic valve 25 and exchanges heat with the medium from the hot tank 6, the low-temperature compressed air absorbs heat and is heated to enter the expansion machine 8, and the expansion machine 8 is used for utilizing the compressed air to expand to do work and push the generator 9 to output electric power.
In the working process of the expander 8, the pressure of the tail gas discharged by the expander 8 is still high after expansion work, so that the tail gas sequentially passes through the check valve 16 and the main electromagnetic valve 21 and is stored in the first gas storage tank 12.
In the first step and the second step, the compressor 2 consumes the off-peak power of the power grid or the renewable energy power to compress the air for storage; when electricity is needed, the expansion machine 8 utilizes the high-pressure air to expand to do work and drive the generator 9 to generate electricity, so that peak shaving of a power grid or consumption of renewable energy resources can be realized.
And step three, preparing oxygen.
Referring to fig. 2, the arrows in fig. 2 indicate the flow direction of air. The fifth solenoid valve 26, the seventh solenoid valve 28, and the ninth solenoid valve 30 are opened, and the first solenoid valve 20, the second solenoid valve 23, the sixth solenoid valve 27, the eighth solenoid valve 29, the tenth solenoid valve 31, the eleventh solenoid valve 32, the twelfth solenoid valve 33, the thirteenth solenoid valve 34, the fourteenth solenoid valve 35, and the exhaust valve 22 are closed.
The tail gas in the first gas storage tank 12 sequentially passes through the fifth electromagnetic valve 26 and the seventh electromagnetic valve 28, enters the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10, the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 separates and adsorbs oxygen in the tail gas, and the residual gas is discharged from the ninth electromagnetic valve 30.
And step four, preparing nitrogen.
Referring to fig. 3, the second, tenth, and twelfth solenoid valves 23, 31, and 33 are opened, and the first, sixth, seventh, eighth, eleventh, thirteenth, and fourteenth solenoid valves 20, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, and the exhaust valve 22 are closed.
The tail gas in the first gas storage tank 12 sequentially passes through the second electromagnetic valve 23 and the tenth electromagnetic valve 31, enters the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11, the nitrogen in the tail gas is separated and adsorbed by the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11, and the residual gas is discharged from the twelfth electromagnetic valve 33.
And step five, preparing oxygen and nitrogen simultaneously.
Referring to fig. 4, the first solenoid valve 20, the fifth solenoid valve 26, the seventh solenoid valve 28, the eighth solenoid valve 29, the tenth solenoid valve 31, and the twelfth solenoid valve 33 are opened, and the second solenoid valve 23, the sixth solenoid valve 27, the ninth solenoid valve 30, the thirteenth solenoid valve 34, the fourteenth solenoid valve 35, and the exhaust valve 22 are closed.
The tail gas in the first gas storage tank 12 sequentially passes through the fifth electromagnetic valve 26 and the seventh electromagnetic valve 28, enters the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10, the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 separates and adsorbs oxygen in the tail gas, the residual gas sequentially passes through the eighth electromagnetic valve 29, the first electromagnetic valve 20 and the tenth electromagnetic valve 31, enters the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11, the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 separates and adsorbs nitrogen in the tail gas, and the residual gas is discharged from the twelfth electromagnetic valve 33.
And step six, an oxygen desorption process.
And when the process of adsorbing and separating oxygen in the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 is finished, performing a desorption process, opening the eighth electromagnetic valve 29 and the thirteenth electromagnetic valve 34, closing the other electromagnetic valves, starting the vacuum pump 15, and pumping the oxygen in the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 into the second air storage tank 13 for storage.
And step seven, a nitrogen desorption process.
And when the nitrogen adsorption and separation process of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 is finished, performing a desorption process, opening the eleventh electromagnetic valve 32 and the fourteenth electromagnetic valve 35, closing the other electromagnetic valves, starting the vacuum pump 15, and pumping the nitrogen in the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 into the third gas storage tank 14 for storage.
And step eight, back flushing the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11.
The sixth solenoid valve 27, the seventh solenoid valve 28, the eighth solenoid valve 29, the tenth solenoid valve 31, the eleventh solenoid valve 32, and the exhaust valve 22 are opened, and the other solenoid valves are closed.
The tail gas in the first gas storage tank 12 passes through a sixth electromagnetic valve 27, and enters the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 respectively, the adsorbent in each tower is washed, and the washed tail gas is discharged through an exhaust valve 22.
It is easy to understand that the adsorbents in the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 can also be the same, so as to realize the adsorption and separation of the other adsorbents, and the first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 can be operated in parallel, so that the adsorption gas production and desorption processes are carried out alternately, and the gas production process is ensured to be continuous.
The first pressure swing adsorption tower 10, the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 and the pipeline connected with the first pressure swing adsorption tower can be provided with sensors, and the sensors comprise a pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a temperature sensor.
The compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system 1 and the method provided by the embodiment have the beneficial effects that:
1. the compressor 2 and the expander 8 can do work by utilizing the expansion of compressed air and push the generator 9 to output electric power by utilizing a circulation loop formed by the cooler 3, the hot tank 6, the heat regenerator 5 and the cold tank 7;
2. the tail gas of the expansion machine 8 is conveyed to a first gas storage tank 12, and nitrogen and oxygen can be separated from the tail gas by utilizing a first pressure swing adsorption tower 10 and a second pressure swing adsorption tower 11, so that not only is energy waste avoided, but also waste utilization is realized, useful nitrogen and oxygen are produced, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system is improved;
3. the system has ingenious structural design, not only has refined structure, but also has good expansibility, for example, a greater number of pressure swing adsorption towers can be communicated with the first gas storage tank 12, so that other gases in the tail gas can be separated, and the other gases can be separated by replacing the adsorbent in the existing pressure swing adsorption towers, so that the required pure gas can be prepared.
4. The system and the method prepare pure gas products such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like by a gas adsorption separation principle, and have the advantages of simple system and high economical efficiency.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system 1, which is similar to the system in the first embodiment, and the difference is that the present embodiment further includes a third pressure swing adsorption tower 36, an additional branch 39 and a fourth air storage tank 40.
The inlet of the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36 is communicated to the first pipeline 17, wherein the inlet of the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36 is far away from the first gas storage tank 12 relative to the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11. The outlet of the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36 is communicated to the second pipeline 18, wherein the outlet of the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36 is far away from the first gas storage tank 12 relative to the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11. A fifteenth electromagnetic valve 37 and a sixteenth electromagnetic valve 38 are respectively installed at two ends of the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36, and an eighteenth electromagnetic valve 43 is installed at an exhaust port of the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36.
An additional solenoid valve 41 is installed on the additional branch 39, and two ends of the additional branch 39 are respectively communicated to the first pipeline 17 and the second pipeline 18 and are positioned between the second pressure swing adsorption tower 11 and the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36.
The fourth reservoir 40 communicates through a seventeenth solenoid valve 42 at the end of the second conduit 18 remote from the first reservoir 12. The fourth gas storage tank 40 is used for storing the gas produced by the third pressure swing adsorption tower 36.
The adsorbent of the third pressure swing adsorption column 36 may be the same as or different from that in the first pressure swing adsorption column 10 and the second pressure swing adsorption column 11. In this way, the system can produce a greater variety of gases or increase the efficiency of producing gases.
It can be seen that, in the system provided by this embodiment, the number of pressure swing adsorption towers may be greater than or equal to two, and the gas for adsorption and separation is determined by the adsorbent and the adsorption pressure placed in the pressure swing adsorption towers, and the pressure swing adsorption towers can be operated simultaneously in multiple numbers, and can be operated independently in a single number.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system is characterized by comprising a compressor (2), a cooler (3), a gas storage bank (4), a heat regenerator (5), a hot tank (6), a cold tank (7), an expander (8), a generator (9), a first pressure swing adsorption tower (10), a second pressure swing adsorption tower (11), a first gas storage tank (12), a second gas storage tank (13) and a third gas storage tank (14), wherein the cooler (3) comprises an A1 port and a B1 port which are mutually communicated, a C1 port and a D1 port which are mutually communicated, and the heat regenerator (5) comprises an A2 port and a B2 port which are mutually communicated, and a C2 port and a D2 port which are mutually communicated;
the compressor (2) is used for forming compressed air, the compressor (2), the A1 port, the B1 port, the gas storage (4), the A2 port, the B2 port and the expander (8) are sequentially communicated, the expander (8) is connected with the generator (9), and the expander (8) is used for expanding the compressed air in the gas storage (4) to do work and push the generator (9) to output electric power;
the cold tank (7), the port C1, the port D1, the hot tank (6), the port C2 and the port D2 are sequentially communicated to form a circulation loop, an internal flowing medium is heat conduction oil, the heat conduction oil is conveyed from the cold tank (7) to the cooler (3), is heated by the compressed air and then is stored in the hot tank (6), the heat tank (6) conveys the heat conduction oil to the heat regenerator (5), and the heat conduction oil heats the compressed air flowing through the heat regenerator (5) and flows back to the cold tank (7);
the first air storage tank (12) is communicated with the expansion machine (8), and the first air storage tank (12) is used for storing tail gas discharged by the expansion machine (8);
the first gas storage tank (12), the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10) and the second gas storage tank (13) are communicated in sequence, and the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10) is used for separating oxygen from the tail gas of the first gas storage tank (12) and storing the oxygen in the second gas storage tank (13);
the first gas storage tank (12), the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) and the third gas storage tank (14) are communicated in sequence, and the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) is used for separating nitrogen from the tail gas of the first gas storage tank (12) and storing the nitrogen in the third gas storage tank (14).
2. The compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the system further comprises a first pipeline (17) and a second pipeline (18), wherein the first pipeline (17) and the second pipeline (18) are respectively communicated with two ends of the first air storage tank (12);
the inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10) and the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) are both communicated to the first pipeline (17), wherein the inlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) is far away from the first gas storage tank (12) relative to the inlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10);
the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10) and the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) are both communicated with the second pipeline (18), wherein the outlet of the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) is far away from the first gas storage tank (12) relative to the outlet of the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10).
3. The compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second air tank (13) and the third air tank (14) are communicated with one end of the second pipeline (18) far away from the first air tank (12).
4. The compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system according to claim 3, further comprising a vacuum pump (15), wherein the vacuum pump (15) is installed on the second pipeline (18), and the vacuum pump (15) is far away from the first air storage tank (12) than the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11).
5. A compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that the system further comprises an exhaust valve (22), wherein the exhaust valve (22) is installed at one end of the first pipeline (17) far away from the first air storage tank (12).
6. A compressed air energy storage and exhaust gas comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that said system further comprises a check valve (16), said check valve (16) being mounted on a conduit between said expander (8) and said second storage tank (13), said check valve (16) being adapted to prevent said exhaust gas from flowing from said first storage tank (12) to said expander (8).
7. A compressed air energy storage and exhaust gas comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that said system further comprises a main solenoid valve (21), said main solenoid valve (21) being installed on a line between said expander (8) and said first air tank (12).
8. The compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the system further comprises an on-off branch (19), a first electromagnetic valve (20) is installed on the on-off branch (19), and two ends of the on-off branch (19) are respectively communicated to the first pipeline (17) and the second pipeline (18) and are located between the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10) and the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11).
9. The compressed air energy-storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the system further comprises a second solenoid valve (23), wherein the second solenoid valve (23) is installed on the first pipeline (17) and is located between the on-off branch (19) and the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10).
10. A compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization method, which is characterized by adopting the compressed air energy storage and exhaust comprehensive utilization system of claim 9, and comprises the following steps:
opening the first electromagnetic valve (20), closing the second electromagnetic valve (23), the tail gas of the first gas storage tank (12) passes through the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10), the on-off branch (19) and the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11) in sequence, the oxygen is separated in the first pressure swing adsorption tower (10), and the nitrogen is separated in the second pressure swing adsorption tower (11).
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