CN112811607A - Method for constructing lake and reservoir water ecosystem - Google Patents
Method for constructing lake and reservoir water ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem, which comprises the following steps: s1, firstly, carrying out water ecological basic condition construction and water quality improvement; in the construction of water ecological basic conditions, nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage materials and catalytic materials are placed in a slow release box, and the slow release box is placed in a lake and reservoir bottom layer area and carries hydroxide ions in the natural environment to an underlying water body and a bottom layer; the water quality is improved, and a catalytic material is also filled in the slow release box to activate the enzyme activity and the microorganism activity in the water body; s2, constructing a water ecosystem; forming a vertical structure through aquatic plant construction, aquatic animal construction and microorganism construction to form an aquatic plant community, an aquatic animal community and a microorganism community; the aquatic plant construction comprises submerged plant construction, emergent aquatic plant construction and floating leaf plant construction. The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: promoting the degradation of the sludge, promoting the accelerated conversion of nutrient salt substances and naturally purifying.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of lake and reservoir ecology, in particular to a method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem.
Background
The lake is a unique resource closely related to human survival and development, and plays a great role in water supply, flood control, shipping, breeding, tourism and maintaining the ecological balance of the region. At present, due to the super-intensity development of a basin and the super-intensity utilization of lake resources, a series of problems of water environment deterioration, water resource shortage and frequent water disasters are caused.
The concrete change is as follows: the water quality improvement and treatment technology mainly focuses on research and application of single technologies such as dredging, water diversion and flow flushing, aeration and oxygenation, chemical flocculation, biological purification and the like. However, due to the characteristics of large areas of lakes and reservoirs, the current pollution situation and different climatic environments of lake and reservoir areas, the operability technology is few, the treatment cost is high, and the effect is poor.
Therefore, the construction method for the lake reservoir water ecosystem is formed by the company aiming at the lake environment. Aiming at the characteristics of water pollution at the present stage, natural elements with super-strong energy, high activity and strong power are taken as cores, and adsorption, flocculation, catalysis, degradation, complexation and ion exchange are integrated in the aspect of eliminating pollutant substances; in the aspect of microbial system construction, the microbial agent can activate a plurality of enzyme activities and promote the accelerated conversion and utilization of nutrient salt substances; in the aspect of biological recovery, the aim of enhancing the self-purification capacity of the water body is fulfilled by starting from the culture of indigenous microorganisms, plankton, microorganisms and aquatic organisms are cultured and propagated and expanded in the solution scheme of the whole system by removing pollutants and constructing a biological system, so that the dominant population of the microorganisms really forms strong power for eliminating pollutants, the water body naturally becomes alive, and the self-purification capacity of the water body is continuously enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem, which can promote sludge degradation, promote the accelerated conversion of nutrient salt substances and can naturally purify the sludge.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out diagnosis and analysis;
the content of the diagnostic analysis includes: determining an ecological service function of the lake; analyzing a primary source of the contaminant; determining the time required for recovery according to the quantity of the pollutants; determining the amplitude and the quantity of pollutant emission reduction according to the water body environment capacity;
then, carrying out water ecological basic condition construction and water quality improvement;
during the construction of the water ecological basic condition, the nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material is placed in the slow release tank, the slow release tank is placed in the bottom layer area of the lake reservoir, and the slow release tank carries hydroxide ions in the natural environment to the underlying water body and the bottom layer, so that the activity of aerobic organisms is improved, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is increased, and meanwhile, the nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material also has a strong specific surface area and a super-strong catalytic function, so that the enzyme activity in the water body can be activated, and the activity of microorganisms can be excited;
when the water quality is lifted: adding a catalytic material into the lake to activate the enzyme activity and the microorganism activity in the water body; a nano oxygen-enriched aeration device is arranged in a region with large lake pollution. When the blue algae occurs, the blue algae removing agent is scattered into the lake.
Then, the construction of a specific water ecosystem is carried out: the vertical structure is formed by aquatic plant construction, aquatic animal construction and microorganism construction, so that an aquatic plant community, an aquatic animal community and a microorganism community are formed;
the aquatic plant is constructed, firstly, the aquatic plant is placed on the constructed floating carrier, then, soilless culture is carried out, and a biological floating island formed after the culture is thrown into a lake;
the microorganism construction comprises submerged plant construction, emergent aquatic plant construction and floating leaf plant construction; the method also comprises the construction of the biological floating island, namely, firstly placing aquatic plants on the constructed floating carrier, then carrying out soilless culture, and throwing the biological floating island formed after the culture into a lake.
Further, after the vertical structure is formed, water ecological restoration is required; and water ecological restoration, namely, artificially regulating and controlling aquatic plant communities, aquatic animal communities and microbial communities.
Further, the vertical structure is constructed to form a food chain to allow water to be ecologically balanced.
Furthermore, as the materials in the slow release box can continuously play a role for about 6 to 12 months, the materials are reasonably prepared and arranged according to the pollution degree and the water area; therefore, the hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material in the release tank is replaced by one batch every 6 to 12 months.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the novel natural element material capable of storing hydrogen and oxygen is placed in the slow release box and uniformly distributed on the bottom layer, and is implemented in the whole bottom layer treatment area, so that the environment of the bottom layer is mainly improved, the decomposition and transformation of substances in the bottom sludge are promoted, the residual quantity of pollutants in the bottom sludge is gradually reduced, and pollutants possibly reanalyzed in the bottom sludge are greatly reduced;
(2) in the aspect of microbial system construction, the microbial system can activate a plurality of enzyme activities, improve the biological activity and promote the accelerated conversion and utilization of nutrient salt substances;
(3) in the aspect of biological recovery, starting from culturing microorganisms, the purpose of enhancing the self-purification capacity of a water body is achieved, plankton, microorganisms and aquatic organisms are cultured, propagated and expanded in the solution scheme of the whole system through removing pollutants and constructing a biological system, so that the dominant population of the microorganisms really forms strong power for eliminating pollutants, the water body naturally becomes alive, and the purpose of natural purification is achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following description, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
A method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem comprises primary diagnosis and analysis, a specific construction method and subsequent recovery and maintenance.
In the diagnosis and analysis, determining the ecological service function of the lake; analyzing a primary source of the contaminant; determining the time required for recovery according to the quantity of the pollutants; and determining the magnitude and the quantity of pollutant emission reduction according to the water body environment capacity.
In the specific construction: the method comprises the steps of water ecological basic condition construction, water quality improvement and vertical structure construction;
in the construction of the water ecological basic condition, the bottom mud ecology is improved.
Because the bottom mud contains rich nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts, organic pollutants, heavy metal substances and the like, the vicious circle of the eutrophication problem of the water body is aggravated by consuming the dissolved oxygen of the water body and releasing various pollutants to influence the water quality of the overlying water. The material capable of storing hydrogen and oxygen in nanometer is placed in the slow release box and evenly distributed on the bottom layer, and is applied to the whole bottom layer treatment area, so that the environment of the bottom layer is mainly improved, conditions are provided for improving enzyme activity and biological activity, the decomposition and transformation of substances in the bottom sludge are promoted, the residual quantity of pollutants in the bottom sludge is gradually reduced, the pollutants which are possibly reanalyzed in the bottom sludge are greatly reduced, and favorable conditions are provided for the whole treatment.
The nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material in the slow release box plays a role in eliminating the bottom mud and also plays a role in fixing the bottom mud.
Eliminating: and (3) catalyzing and oxidizing to eliminate macromolecular organic matters in the sediment, for example, catalyzing and accelerating the degradation and conversion of the macromolecular nitrogenous organic matters in the sediment by ammoniation bacteria, so that the macromolecular nitrogenous organic matters are decomposed into ammonium nitrogen which can be used by plants and enter the overlying water. The catalysis promotes the microorganism to decompose the organic phosphorus in the sediment into inorganic phosphorus, and the insoluble phosphorus compound is converted into soluble phosphorus, enters into the upper water and is absorbed and utilized by the microorganism and plankton in a large amount under the aerobic condition, and the nutrient substances are removed from the water body through the biological chain.
Fixing: macromolecular organic matters in the sludge are degraded and converted to enable the sludge to be continuously desertified, then special materials are adopted to adsorb and deposit colloidal substances in a water body on a bottom layer, and the colloidal substances and the silt are fused and solidified to form a biological attachment film, so that conditions are provided for microbial implantation, nutrient substances generated by the bottom mud and the water body are continuously absorbed and utilized, and the self-cleaning capacity is comprehensively improved. Meanwhile, heavy metals are complexed and solidified in an ion exchange mode, so that toxic substances are subjected to harmless treatment.
In addition, according to the conditions of water turbidity, low transparency and reduced dissolved oxygen amount of water, a proper amount of water treatment material taking natural elements as cores is put into the water, so that the transparency is improved. The achieved effect is as follows:the (suspended) particles in the water body are adsorbed, the adsorption rate of the (suspended) particles on the suspended matters needs to reach 60% or more, the transparency of the water body is improved through sedimentation, and the photosynthesis is enhanced; increasing dissolved oxygen of water body by photosynthesis, and inhibiting H under aerobic state2S、CH4、NH3And (3) eliminating the peculiar smell of the water body when the anaerobic reaction occurs.
In water quality improvement, nutrient salt removal, algae removal, aeration, enzyme activation and microbial activity are required.
It is noted that the nano hydrogen-oxygen storage material and the catalytic material both comprise rare earth oxides, such as La2O3、CeO2、Nd2O3And also comprises TiO2、SiO2As a nano-based support. When the rare earth element accounts for a large amount, the rare earth element is a nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material; when TiO is present2、SiO2When the ratio is large, the catalyst is used as a catalytic material. Therefore, the mode of main function conversion can be realized by changing the formula, and the cost is saved. The main component is a La2O3 • b CeO2 • c Pr6O11 • d Nd2O3 •e SiO2 • f Al2O3 And small amounts of unavoidable impurities, wherein the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f, g have the value ranges: a is more than or equal to 0.25, b is more than or equal to 0.30, c is more than or equal to 0.035, d is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.015, e is more than or equal to 0.50, f is more than or equal to 0.09, and g is more than or equal to 0.014.
In removing nutrient salts: after the transparency of the water body is improved, substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus, substrate sludge, enzyme activity in the water body and microorganism activity need to be activated, and the water treatment catalytic material is usually adopted to achieve the purpose of improving physicochemical indexes. The effect that reaches is: (1) the new material realizes ion exchange, adsorption and effective oxidation reduction of interface reaction, and eliminates heavy metal harm; (2) the activity of microorganisms is catalytically activated, the ecological chain running of N, P, organic matters and the like is accelerated, the self-cleaning capacity of the water body is improved, and support is provided for ecological restoration; (3) p in the water body can generate phytoplankton with the dead weight of 500 times, N can generate phytoplankton with the dead weight of 71 times, C can generate phytoplankton with the dead weight of 12 times, N, P is a trigger factor for the growth of the phytoplankton, and the mass consumption ratio of C to N to P in the algae formation process is about 35 to 7 to 1.
In the algae removal, the blue algae removal agent is used for removing algae. The blue algae removing agent can change cell membrane potential after entering water body, and can be directly combined with algae protein or replace Mg2+So that the lamellar structure of the cell body is loosened or destroyed, the cell membrane is folded, the content is oozed out, the cell body is endangered to be disintegrated, the photosynthesis can not be normally carried out, and the chlorophyll content is gradually reduced. Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body are adsorbed in a large amount, so that the survival of the blue algae lacks growth factors, and algae cells gradually die due to loss of photosynthesis and nutrient substances and are deposited and accumulated to a bottom layer under the adsorption action. After the algae die and settle, under the catalytic action of the algaecide, the degradation of algal toxins is promoted, the decomposition of algal protoplasm into N, P and other nutrient substances is accelerated, the propagation and growth of microorganisms are accelerated, the nutrient substances in the water body and the bottom mud are gradually converted into other nutrient sources of plankton to be utilized, and then the nutrient sources are taken out of the water body by the utilization of fishes, so that the aim of bioremediation is fulfilled.
Because dissolved oxygen is essential for respiration of organisms in water and is also necessary for ensuring inorganic decomposition of organic matters in water, the nano oxygen-enriched aeration device is arranged in a region with large pollution in lakes and at a pollutant inlet, so that indigenous microorganisms in the original water area can recover activity. The ammonia nitrogen concentration is further reduced by a nano oxygen-enriched aeration technology.
The participation of nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage materials is still needed when activating enzyme and microbial activity. The core material in the box body device has strong polarity and magnetism, has the functions of storing hydrogen and oxygen, can carry hydroxide ions in natural environment to the underlying water body and the bottom layer, and improves the activity of aerobic organisms and increases the dissolved oxygen in the water body; the catalyst has strong specific surface area and super-strong catalytic function, can activate a plurality of enzyme activities, and can excite the activity of microorganisms; can promote the conversion and utilization of nutrient substances and greatly reduce the residual quantity of ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances on the bottom layer.
When the vertical structure is constructed, the water body is recovered in a natural purification mode after construction.
The original microorganisms (namely indigenous microorganisms) in the lake are utilized to improve the water quality, and the essential difference of the water quality and the artificially-thrown exogenous biological bacteria is mutually contradictory.
As the depth of water in lakes and reservoirs, the degree of pollution and the like directly influence the survival and the propagation of various organisms in the water body, and some indigenous microorganisms are endangered to disappear, the removal of water pollutants and the self-purification capacity of the water body are greatly influenced. Therefore, the indigenous microorganisms are screened, domesticated and cultured to eliminate pollutants, absorb and utilize nutrients, improve the water body purification function and realize harmless transfer and resource utilization of the pollutants. Collecting the background muddy water in the lake and reservoir, screening and domesticating indigenous microorganisms from the muddy water, putting the muddy water into a microorganism culture medium, cultivating and breeding dominant microbial populations in a targeted manner, and putting the dominant microbial populations into the lake to restore the self-purification capacity of the water body.
When the aquatic plant community is constructed, submerged plants, emergent plants and floating-leaf plants are selected for matching according to different water depths and seasons, and necessary ecological floating islands are equipped on projects needing landscape effects or special water bodies.
In the scheme, the submerged plant is selected from one or more of common sowthistle herb, hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton pectinatus, potamogeton bambusoides, waterfish algae, waterweed and the like. The density is 60-150 strains/m according to different types2In the meantime.
In the scheme, the emergent aquatic plants comprise one or more of pinus, reed, cattail, loosestrife, allium fistulosum, thalictrum ramosissimum, lotus, calamus, saxifrage, juncus effuses, droughhaired groundsel herb and the like. The density is 1-30 plants/m according to different species2In the meantime.
In the scheme, the floating-leaf plants comprise water lily, vegetable, soft-shelled turtle, gorgon fruit and the like. The density is 1-5 strains/m according to different types2In the meantime.
The ecological floating island is characterized in that extra-light biological carriers are spliced, combined and built into a required area or geometric shape according to different design requirements, the ecological floating island is placed into a damaged water body, aquatic (terrestrial) plants which are screened and domesticated and have strong functions of absorbing organic pollutants in water are planted into a prefabricated floating carrier planting groove, the plants grow in an environment similar to soilless culture, plant root systems naturally extend and suspend in the water body, organic pollutants such as ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water are absorbed and absorbed, living and attaching conditions are provided for fishes, shrimps, insects and microorganisms in the water body, and compounds for inhibiting algae growth are released. Under the combined action of plants, animals, insects and microorganisms, the environmental water quality is purified, and the purpose of restoring and rebuilding a water body ecological system is achieved.
In the scheme, the planted plants comprise edible plants such as cress, water spinach, water bamboo, arrowhead and the like and one or more ornamental plants such as carlsbergia, reed, cattail, loosestrife, allium mongolicum regel, relish flower, lotus flower, calamus, saxifrage, juncus effuses, drooping umbrellata and the like. The density is 1-30 plants/m according to different species2In the meantime.
In the construction of aquatic animal communities, food network chains are formed. And determining the type and the quantity of the thrown fishes according to the combination of the classic biological manipulation theory and the non-classic biological manipulation theory and the actual fish community structure in the water body to construct an aquatic ecosystem so as to obtain healthy water circulation.
The classical biological manipulation theory is that the fish community structure is adjusted to reduce the fishes which eat plankton, so as to strengthen the population of plankton, thereby controlling the excessive reproduction of algae, improving the transparency of water body and improving the water quality, namely, the carnivorous fish is put in a stocking or the plankton predatory fishes are killed, so as to strengthen the population of plankton, increase the feeding pressure to the plankton, and the plankton is taken as a direct predator of the plankton and acts on the downward effect of the plankton on the algae.
The non-classical biological manipulation theory is that the biomass of fierce fishes is controlled, planktonic predatory fishes are stocked, the cyanobacterial bloom species are directly herded by utilizing the special ingestion characteristics and the digestion mechanism of the zooplanktonic predatory fishes, and the core target positioning is to control the cyanobacterial bloom. In the application and practice of non-classical biological manipulation, silver carps and bighead carps are the most commonly used species due to the advantages of high survival rate of artificial propagation, long survival period, wider diet, incapability of natural propagation in lakes, easy population control, good biological manipulation stability and the like.
In the scheme, the fish comprises silver carp, bighead carp, snakehead fish,One or more of mandarin fish, weever, yellow catfish, xenocypris davidi bleeker, herring, etc. The stocking density is 1 tail/100 m21 tail/1000 m2。
In addition, a benthic organism community was constructed. For example, by feeding shellfish benthos, some bivalves ingest deposits from their habitat only in the area of the bed mud surface where the organisms fall, while some animals have specialized organs to obtain food from the water-mud interface and gastropods graze organic debris. The end result of this feeding pattern is the formation of a large number of fecal particles and their deposition on the surface of the sediment. Many animals prefer to digest these fecal particles, and each time they pass through the digestive tract of the benthic animals, a layer of microorganisms covering the surface is stripped off, and when it is again exposed to the environment, the microorganisms will reuse it, and thus be ingested, utilized and decomposed by primary consumers and decomposers. In this way some invertebrate indigestible plant matter such as cellulose and lignin break down rapidly. The large benthonic animals continuously dig holes and discharge excrement, so that the turnover rate of the surface layer of the water body sediment of a plurality of centimeters is very high. This process is called "biostirring" and it mixes organic matter into the sediment as finer particles that are ultimately used by small and medium sized benthonic animals. In addition, the large benthonic animals can also remove the periphyton covering layer on the surface of the submerged plant to promote the growth of the aquatic plant.
In the scheme, the benthos comprises one or more of pear-shaped treponema annulate, cercospora patina treponema, plica cristata, anodonta denticulata, hyriopsis cumingii and the like. The density of the snails is 2-10 g/m2The density of the mussels is 20-40 g/m2。
In the recovery maintenance, the water ecological system is reasonable and healthy in structure, plays a full role and operates stably and in a long-acting manner by optimally regulating and controlling the microbial population, the fish community, the higher aquatic plant community and the benthos community.
The above examples only represent preferred embodiments, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, carrying out water ecological basic condition construction and water quality improvement;
in the construction of the water ecological basic condition, the nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material and the catalytic material are placed in the slow release box, and the slow release box is placed in the bottom layer area of the lake reservoir and carries hydroxide ions in the natural environment to the underlying water body and the bottom layer, so that the activity of aerobic organisms is improved, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is increased;
the water quality is improved, the slow release box is also filled with a catalytic material to activate the enzyme activity and the microorganism activity in the water body, and meanwhile, a nano oxygen-enriched aeration device is arranged in a region with greater lake pollution;
s2, constructing a water ecosystem;
forming a vertical structure through aquatic plant construction, aquatic animal construction and microorganism construction to form an aquatic plant community, an aquatic animal community and a microorganism community;
the aquatic plant construction comprises submerged plant construction, emergent aquatic plant construction and floating leaf plant construction.
2. The method for constructing the lake and reservoir water ecosystem, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the nano hydrogen storage-oxygen storage material and the catalytic material in the release box are replaced by one batch every 6 to 12 months.
3. The method for constructing the lake and reservoir water ecosystem, according to claim 2, wherein: the aquatic plant construction comprises submerged plant construction, emergent aquatic plant construction and floating leaf plant construction;
the microorganism construction comprises the steps of collecting muddy water at the bottom of a lake, screening out microorganisms, putting the microorganisms into a microorganism culture medium for mass culture, and finally putting the microorganisms into the lake.
4. A method for constructing a lake and reservoir water ecosystem, according to claim 3, wherein: the aquatic plant construction also comprises biological floating island construction, namely, the aquatic plant is placed on the constructed floating carrier, then soilless culture is carried out, and the biological floating island formed after the culture is thrown into a lake.
5. The method for constructing the lake and reservoir water ecosystem, according to claim 4, is characterized in that: when the vertical structure is constructed, a food chain is formed to balance water ecology.
6. The method for constructing the lake and reservoir water ecosystem, according to claim 5, wherein: before the water ecological basic condition is constructed, diagnosis and analysis are needed;
the content of the diagnostic analysis includes: determining an ecological service function of the lake; analyzing a primary source of the contaminant; determining the time required for recovery according to the quantity of the pollutants; and determining the magnitude and the quantity of pollutant emission reduction according to the water body environment capacity.
7. The method for constructing the lake and reservoir water ecosystem, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: after the vertical structure is formed, water ecological restoration is needed;
and the water ecological restoration is to artificially regulate and control an aquatic plant community, an aquatic animal community and a microbial community.
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