CN110902832A - Aquatic animal diversity regulation and control method - Google Patents
Aquatic animal diversity regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110902832A CN110902832A CN201911080384.1A CN201911080384A CN110902832A CN 110902832 A CN110902832 A CN 110902832A CN 201911080384 A CN201911080384 A CN 201911080384A CN 110902832 A CN110902832 A CN 110902832A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling diversity of aquatic animals, which comprises the following steps: construction of aquatic plant communities: constructing a plant system with coexistence of an ecological floating bed and submerged plants in a water body; constructing aquatic animal communities; putting an animal system integrating filter feeding zooplankton, fish and benthonic animals into a water body; adding microorganisms: adding a microbial agent containing nutrient elements into the water body to adjust the balance of microbial population of the water body; detection of the water body: continuously culturing until the water quality detection meets the standard; monitoring and post-treatment of the water body: dividing the water body into a plurality of subareas, arranging a water body monitoring device in each subarea, and harvesting animals and plants in the water body through monitoring results. By artificially constructing aquatic plants, aquatic animals and microbial communities, the productivity of an ecological system is increased, the perfection of a food chain is promoted, the vitality of a water body is improved, the construction of a water body rotting food chain is perfected, and the stability maintaining operation of the water body ecology is perfected.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of construction of water body ecological balance, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling diversity of aquatic animals.
Background
The ecological safety construction of the drinking water source mainly aims at realizing the sustainable development of water environment and surrounding environment and the long-term stability of water quality, and particularly aims at providing places for drinking water sources such as reservoirs, and the long-term stability of the water quality directly influences the lives of people in water supply areas.
Due to the progress of times and the development of society, more and more pollutants can affect the water body, so that the ecological balance of the water body is damaged, and the self-repairing capability of a plurality of water bodies is reduced and even basically lost. Meanwhile, as the food chain of the aquatic animals is more complex, the overall diversity of the aquatic animals is more affected and also more difficult to restore for the water body with the damaged balance. Therefore, for the water body with damaged ecological balance, water treatment is often performed to realize water quality restoration in the prior art, and the method for treating the symptoms and root causes not only needs to spend a large amount of manpower and material resources for periodic treatment, but also cannot recover the self-cleaning effect of the water body, only aggravates the damage of the water body in the past, and the treatment period is shorter and shorter.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling diversity of aquatic animals, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, water quality of a water body with damaged ecological balance is usually repaired by a water treatment mode, the mode is not only temporary but also permanent, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the water body needs to be treated regularly.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
an aquatic animal diversity regulation method comprising:
s100, construction of an aquatic plant community: constructing a plant system with coexistence of an ecological floating bed and submerged plants in a water body;
s200, constructing an aquatic animal community; putting an animal system integrating filter feeding zooplankton, fish and benthonic animals into a water body;
s300, adding microorganisms: adding a microbial agent containing nutrient elements into the water body to adjust the balance of microbial population of the water body;
s400, detection of the water body: continuously culturing until the water quality detection meets the standard;
s500, monitoring and post-processing of the water body: dividing the water body into a plurality of subareas, arranging a water body monitoring device in each subarea, and harvesting animals and plants in the water body through monitoring results.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S100 specifically includes:
s101, dividing a water body into a plurality of areas according to the surface area of the water body, and constructing at least one ecological floating bed in each area, wherein each ecological floating bed comprises a bed body floating on the water surface and amphibious plants planted on the bed body through a substrate and the roots of which extend to the water body;
s102, arranging and planting the high plants and the low plants on the riverbed of the water body by adopting an intercropping method, wherein the ratio of the planting area of the high plants to the planting area of the low plants in the whole riverbed is 2-5: 1.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the side surface of the bed body is also connected with a rotating cage which is partially immersed in the water body, and a plurality of fiber balls are filled in the rotating cage.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the fish includes at least filter-feeding fish, herbivorous fish and carnivorous fish, and the step S200 specifically includes:
s201, after the submerged plant enters a first-stage tillering growth stage, putting benthonic animals into a water body, and constructing a benthonic animal system;
s202, throwing filter feeding zooplankton and fish into the water body at the final tillering stage of the submerged plants to construct and form an aquatic animal community.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S300 specifically includes:
s301, inoculating a compound microbial agent to a solid carbon source by using biodegradable PCL and/or biodegradable PBS as the solid carbon source for culture;
s302, putting the solid carbon source cultured with the microorganisms into a water body.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the microbial agent comprises exogenous microorganisms, nutrient elements used for the growth of the exogenous microorganisms and a microbial activator;
and the exogenous microorganisms include at least photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each partition in step S500 includes at most one water intake or inlet.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the step S500 of harvesting by monitoring specifically includes:
s501, respectively setting a water body data threshold value for each subarea;
s502, monitoring and recording water body monitoring data in each subarea, and identifying the water body monitoring data in a water body stereogram;
s503, comparing the water body monitoring data in each partition with the corresponding water body data threshold, and if the water body monitoring data in each partition is superior to the water body data threshold of the corresponding area, marking the partition as "+", otherwise, marking the partition as "-";
and S504, when a certain partition and at least two adjacent partitions are marked as "+", harvesting the animals and the plants in the partition.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the filter feeding zooplankton comprises cladocera, rotifer and copepods, and is thrown according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5-2: 0.5-2;
the benthonic animals comprise snails, shellfish and shrimps, and are thrown according to the proportion of 1.5-3kg per mu of water surface;
the weight ratio of the sum of the filter-feeding fishes and the herbivorous fishes to the carnivorous fishes is 5-10: 1.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the shellfish is selected from one or more of crista plicata, hyriopsis cumingii and corbicula fluminea;
the filter-feeding fish and the grass-feeding fish are selected from one or more of chubs, bighead carps and crucian carps;
the carnivorous fish is selected from one or more of catfish, longsnout catfish and yellow catfish.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the aquatic plant and aquatic animal communities are constructed artificially (particularly, the aquatic animal system is constructed integrally), so that the productivity of an ecological system is increased, and the vitality of a water body is improved; through manual intervention, the perfection of the food chain is promoted, the food chain can be quickly recovered and lengthened, the removal rate of pollutants in the water body is further accelerated, the original water body ecology is not damaged, and the ecological balance of the water body is continuously kept;
2. a microbial agent is further introduced, so that the formation of a food chain of aquatic animal products constructed on the whole aquatic animal system is enhanced, pollutants in the water body are degraded, the ecological restoration of the water body is further realized, and the construction of the water body rotten food chain is perfected;
3. the ecological water body ecological balance is recovered by continuously culturing after the biological construction is finished, the water body is monitored in a partitioning mode in the later period, the ecological stability maintaining operation of the water body is further perfected, the later maintenance of the whole aquatic animal system is ensured, and the damage to the whole water body environment caused by the diversity disorder of aquatic animals is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for regulating diversity in aquatic animals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a recovery operation through monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a water body constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a bed and a rotating cage in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5a is a water sample picture before processing in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 5 b-5 d are water sample pictures of the process of the present example;
fig. 5e is a photograph of a water sample taken 3 months after treatment in an example of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-an ecological floating bed; 2-submerged plants;
11-bed body; 12-rotating the cage; 13-fiber balls;
21-high submerged plants; 22-Low submerged plants.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling diversity of aquatic animals, including:
s100, construction of an aquatic plant community: constructing a plant system with the coexistence of an ecological floating bed 1 and submerged plants 2 in a water body;
s200, constructing an aquatic animal community; putting an animal system integrating filter feeding zooplankton, fish and benthonic animals into a water body;
s300, adding microorganisms: adding a microbial agent containing nutrient elements into the water body to adjust the balance of microbial population of the water body;
s400, detection of the water body: continuously culturing until the water quality detection meets the standard;
s500, monitoring and post-processing of the water body: dividing the water body into a plurality of subareas, arranging a water body monitoring device in each subarea, and harvesting animals and plants in the water body through monitoring results.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, step S100 specifically includes:
s101, dividing a water body into a plurality of regions according to the surface area of the water body, constructing at least one ecological floating bed 1 in each region, wherein each ecological floating bed 1 comprises a bed body 11 floating on the water surface and amphibious plants planted on the bed body 11 through a substrate, and the roots of the amphibious plants extend to the water body;
s102, arranging and planting the high submerged plants 21 and the low submerged plants 22 on the riverbed of the water body by adopting an intercropping method, wherein the ratio of the planting area of the high submerged plants 21 to the planting area of the low submerged plants 22 in the whole riverbed is 2-5: 1.
In a further preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a rotating cage 12 partially immersed in the water body is further connected to the side surface of the bed 11, and a plurality of fiber balls 13 are filled in the rotating cage 12. The fiber balls 13 can be made of polyester fiber yarns, and through the arrangement, the fiber balls 13 can freely rotate in the rotating cage 12 and are exposed out of the water surface or immersed in the water along with the rotating cage 12 and water flow, so that the reciprocating operation of reoxygenation and oxygen supply to the water body is realized.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to better implement the construction of the plant community and the animal community and further improve the stability of the construction of the water ecological balance system, the fishes at least include filter-feeding fishes, herbivorous fishes and carnivorous fishes, step S200 specifically includes:
s201, after the submerged plant 2 enters a first-stage tillering growth stage, putting benthonic animals into a water body, and constructing a benthonic animal system;
s202, throwing filter feeding zooplankton and fish into the water body when the submerged plant 2 enters the tillering end stage, and constructing and forming an aquatic animal community.
In a more preferred embodiment, step S300 specifically includes:
s301, inoculating a compound microbial agent to a solid carbon source by using biodegradable PCL and/or biodegradable PBS as the solid carbon source for culture;
s302, putting the solid carbon source cultured with the microorganisms into a water body.
In a further preferred embodiment, the microbial agent comprises exogenous microorganisms, nutrient elements used for growth of the exogenous microorganisms and a microbial activator;
and the exogenous microorganisms include at least photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.
In order to ensure the relative stability and controllability of any one partition, each partition in step S500 includes at most one water intake or inlet.
In a further preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the step S500 of harvesting by monitoring specifically includes:
s501, respectively setting a water body data threshold value for each subarea;
s502, monitoring and recording water body monitoring data in each subarea, and identifying the water body monitoring data in a water body stereogram;
s503, comparing the water body monitoring data in each partition with the corresponding water body data threshold, and if the water body monitoring data in each partition is superior to the water body data threshold of the corresponding area, marking the partition as "+", otherwise, marking the partition as "-";
and S504, when a certain partition and at least two adjacent partitions are marked as "+", harvesting the animals and the plants in the partition.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter feeding zooplankton comprises cladocerans, rotifers and copepods, and is dosed according to a weight ratio of 1:0.5-2: 0.5-2;
the benthonic animals comprise snails, shellfish and shrimps, and are thrown according to the proportion of 1.5-3kg per mu of water surface;
the weight ratio of the sum of the filter-feeding fishes and the herbivorous fishes to the carnivorous fishes is 5-10: 1.
In a further preferred embodiment, the shellfish is selected from one or more of crista plicata, hyriopsis cumingii and corbicula fluminea;
the filter-feeding fish and the grass-feeding fish are selected from one or more of chubs, bighead carps and crucian carps;
the carnivorous fish is selected from one or more of catfish, longsnout catfish and yellow catfish.
The ecological balance of the water body of the north-urban reservoir in the Zhoushan city is constructed through a specific embodiment.
1) Constructing an ecological floating bed in a water body, and planting high plants and low plants of submerged plants respectively after the water body is divided according to the area of 3:1 (the high plants and the low plants of submerged plants are intercropped, and the whole planting area of the high plants and the low plants of submerged plants meets the water area division of 3: 1);
2) after the submerged plants enter a primary tillering holy war stage, putting benthonic animals into the water body; at the end stage when submerged plants enter tillering, zooplankton, filter-feeding fish and carnivorous fish are put into the water body (the putting amount of the benthos, zooplankton, filter-feeding fish and carnivorous fish is shown in table 1 calculated by the area of a water area of 10 ten thousand square meters);
3) adding a microbial agent containing nutrient elements into a water body (calculated by the area of a water area of 10 ten thousand square meters, exogenous microorganisms and the used nutrient elements are recorded as a compound microbial agent, and the table 2 shows that the adding amount of the microbial agent and a microbial activator is met);
4) continuously culturing until the water quality detection meets the standard; (incubation time was 1 and a half month, and removal efficiency of each contaminant is shown in Table 3)
5) Dividing the water body into a plurality of subareas, arranging a water body monitoring device in each subarea, and harvesting animals and plants in the water body through monitoring results. (Water quality results are shown in FIG. 5, wherein FIG. 5a is a water sample before treatment, FIGS. 5 b-5 d are water samples during treatment, and FIG. 5e is a water sample after 3 months of treatment)
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
| Quality of water | Duration of treatment | Removal efficiency |
| Sulfide compound | 1.5 months | 98％ |
| pH value | 1.5 months | Maintained between 6-9 |
| COD | 1.5 months | 80％ |
| Total phosphorus | 1.5 months | 85 |
| Malodor | ||
| 1 month | 95％ |
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. An aquatic animal diversity regulation method, comprising:
s100, construction of an aquatic plant community: a plant system with coexistence of an ecological floating bed (1) and submerged plants (2) is constructed in a water body;
s200, constructing an aquatic animal community; putting an animal system integrating filter feeding zooplankton, fish and benthonic animals into a water body;
s300, adding microorganisms: adding a microbial agent containing nutrient elements into the water body to adjust the balance of microbial population of the water body;
s400, detection of the water body: continuously culturing until the water quality detection meets the standard;
s500, monitoring and post-processing of the water body: dividing the water body into a plurality of subareas, arranging a water body monitoring device in each subarea, and harvesting animals and plants in the water body through monitoring results.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S100 comprises:
s101, dividing a water body into a plurality of regions according to the surface area of the water body, constructing at least one ecological floating bed (1) in each region, wherein each ecological floating bed (1) comprises a bed body (11) floating on the water surface and amphibious plants which are planted on the bed body (11) through a substrate and the roots of which extend to the water body;
s102, arranging and planting the high submerged plants (21) and the low submerged plants (22) on the riverbed of the water body by adopting an intercropping method, wherein the ratio of the planting area of the high submerged plants (21) to the planting area of the low submerged plants (22) in the whole riverbed is 2-5: 1.
3. An aquatic animal diversity control method according to claim 2, wherein a rotating cage partially immersed in the water is further connected to the side surface of the bed (11), and the rotating cage (12) is filled with a plurality of fiber balls (13).
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fish species at least include filter-feeding fish species, herbivorous fish species and carnivorous fish species, and the step S200 specifically includes:
s201, after the submerged plant (2) enters a first-stage tillering growth stage, putting benthonic animals into a water body, and constructing a benthonic animal system;
s202, throwing filter feeding zooplankton and fish into the water body at the final tillering stage of the submerged plant (2) to construct and form an aquatic animal community.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step S300 comprises:
s301, inoculating a compound microbial agent to a solid carbon source by using biodegradable PCL and/or biodegradable PBS as the solid carbon source for culture;
s302, putting the solid carbon source cultured with the microorganisms into a water body.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the microbial agent comprises exogenous microbes, nutrient elements for growth of the exogenous microbes and microbial activators;
and the exogenous microorganisms include at least photosynthetic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein each section of step S500 comprises at most one intake or intake.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of harvesting by monitoring in step S500 comprises:
s501, respectively setting a water body data threshold value for each subarea;
s502, monitoring and recording water body monitoring data in each subarea, and identifying the water body monitoring data in a water body stereogram;
s503, comparing the water body monitoring data in each partition with the corresponding water body data threshold, and if the water body monitoring data in each partition is superior to the water body data threshold of the corresponding area, marking the partition as "+", otherwise, marking the partition as "-";
and S504, when a certain partition and at least two adjacent partitions are marked as "+", harvesting the animals and the plants in the partition.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the filter feeding zooplankton comprises cladocera, rotifers and copepods, and is dosed according to a weight ratio of 1:0.5-2: 0.5-2;
the benthonic animals comprise snails, shellfish and shrimps, and are thrown according to the proportion of 1.5-3kg per mu of water surface;
the weight ratio of the sum of the filter-feeding fishes and the herbivorous fishes to the carnivorous fishes is 5-10: 1.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the shellfish is selected from one or more of crista plicata, hyriopsis cumingii and corbicula fluminea;
the filter-feeding fish and the grass-feeding fish are selected from one or more of chubs, bighead carps and crucian carps;
the carnivorous fish is selected from one or more of catfish, longsnout catfish and yellow catfish.
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| CN112777751A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-05-11 | 东莞理工学院 | River and lake water ecological restoration regulation and control system and restoration method |
| CN112811607A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-05-18 | 四川瑞泽科技有限责任公司 | Method for constructing lake and reservoir water ecosystem |
| CN113292165A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-24 | 珠海华发城市研究院有限公司 | Benefit type ecological chain water quality purification method |
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