CN112807398A - 一种具有滋阴清热,养血安神功效的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种具有滋阴清热,养血安神功效的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有滋阴清热,养血安神功效的中药组合物,本发明中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,丹参5‑15、当归5‑15、石菖蒲5‑15、党参5‑15、茯苓5‑15、五味子5‑15、酸枣仁5‑15、柏子仁5‑15、炙百部5‑15、麦冬5‑15、天冬5‑15、熟地黄5‑15、玄参5‑15、远志5‑15、桔梗2.5‑7.5、甘草2.5‑7.5、牛膝5‑15、杜仲5‑15、珍珠粉0.5‑1.5。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种中药组合物,具体涉及一种具有睡眠调控作用,适用于失眠症,中医“不寐”、“不得眠”、“目不瞑”、“卧不安”范畴的中药组合物,由丹参、当归、石菖蒲、党参、茯苓、五味子、酸枣仁、柏子仁、炙百部、麦冬、天冬、熟地黄、玄参、远志、桔梗、甘草、牛膝、杜仲、珍珠粉等作为中药原料药制备而成。
技术背景:
失眠症是指在睡眠时间充足,环境适宜的条件下发生入睡或睡眠维持困难,并导致日间功能障碍的神经精神疾病,以入睡困难、频繁觉醒、早醒和非恢复性睡眠为主要症状。失眠症是最常见的睡眠障碍,短期失眠发生率可达30%~50%,世界主要工业国中慢性失眠患者至少占总人口的5%~10%,有5%~7%的人曾经或正在使用处方药治疗失眠,针对我国一般人群的流行病学调查表明,15%的国人受慢性失眠困扰。
临床常用的镇静催眠药物包括以地西泮、劳拉西泮为代表的苯二氮类和以扎来普隆、佐匹克隆为代表的非苯二氮类。目前常用的镇静催眠药物存在不同程度的副作用和用药安全问题。苯二氮卓类药物长期使用具有成瘾性和依赖性,并有嗜睡、精细运动失调和记忆力下降等副作用。非苯二氮卓类药物的记忆障碍和停药后反跳性失眠等副作用虽然较小,但也可导致头痛、头晕和嗜睡等日间功能障碍,长期使用同样产生耐药性和依赖性。
现有镇静催眠药物虽能一定程度上延长睡眠时间,但无法提高睡眠质量。人的正常生理睡眠按脑电活动特征和睡眠深度可分为快速眼动(rapid eye movement,REM)睡眠,非快速眼动(non-rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠,NREM睡眠又可分为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ四个时期,其中NREMⅢ,Ⅳ期为深睡期,是恢复精力和体力的主要时期。在整夜睡眠当中,REM睡眠约占20%-25%,NREM睡眠约占75%-80%,其中NREMⅢ,Ⅳ期所占时间约13%-23%。睡眠恢复效果除了与睡眠总时间有关,还与睡眠过程中各阶段的时间分布和比重密切相关。传统苯二氮卓类药物增加NREM睡眠Ⅰ,Ⅱ期时间,可明显缩短或完全取消NREMⅣ期睡眠。新型非苯二氮卓类代表药物唑吡坦和佐匹克隆同样缩短REM和NREM中的Ⅲ,Ⅳ期睡眠时间。正常睡眠结构的破坏使得药物诱导睡眠无法获得与正常生理睡眠相同的恢复性作用。目前常用的镇静催眠药物增加睡眠时间以牺牲睡眠质量作为代价,这是使用此类药物诱导睡眠后次日出现疲劳和困倦的原因之一。
如上所述,失眠症严重影响患者的身心健康和生活质量,同时也给社会造成沉重负担,目前常用的镇静催眠药物可改变睡眠时间,但无法增加睡眠深度,提高睡眠质量,因此具有睡眠结构调控作用,能够增加失眠症患者睡眠深度,提高睡眠质量的新型镇静催眠药物研发具有重大意义。
化学药物多针对单一靶点发挥治疗作用,而失眠是多病因的复杂慢性疾病,化学药物难以对疾病进行整体干预,无法获得接近于生理睡眠的恢复效果,并有较大副作用。
中药治疗失眠作用显著,常用单味药材,如:百合、酸枣仁、天麻,柏子仁,冬虫夏草,茯苓,珍珠母,远志,合欢皮,首乌藤,龙骨,延胡索,琥珀等。常用中成药有:1、朱砂安神丸2、安神补心丸3、解郁安神颗粒4、七叶安神片5、天王补心丹6、加味逍遥丸7、复方五味子糖浆8、柏子养心丸9、牛黄清心丸10、越鞠保和丸11、归脾丸
中药复方成分复杂,具有多靶点、多组分和多通路的整体调节和治疗作用。大量临床实证研究表明,中药复方治疗可获得更接近于生理睡眠的恢复效果,提高睡眠质量且副作用较小。
根据中医“内病外治”理论,通常将中药通过外敷粘贴在皮肤表面或相关穴位,通过局部刺激、成分透过、经络传导等作用,达到“治未病、治欲病、治已病”的功效。中药水凝胶膏贴剂是将中药材提取物与适宜的亲水性基质混匀后涂布于布上制备成的外用制剂。其直接贴敷于皮肤,通过皮肤吸收进入全身血液循环并达到有效血药浓度。
将中药制备成贴剂用于治疗失眠是一种新的尝试,本发明为此进行了探索性工作,对已有中药的配伍进行了筛选和测定,研究出一种效果优良的中药制剂组合物,特别适合局部外用,包括将其制备成贴剂,如水凝胶膏贴剂。
发明内容:
本发明提供一种具有滋阴清热,养血安神功效的助眠中药组合物,本发明所述的中药组合物,优选水凝胶膏贴剂,使用时将其贴敷于神阙穴。
本发明的中药组合物,是在天王补心丹的基础上改进得到,天王补心丹出自明·薛己《校注妇人良方》,原书记载:“宁心保神,益血固精,壮力强志,令人不忘。清三焦,化痰涎,祛烦热,除惊悸,疗咽干,育养心神。”全方由丹参、当归、石菖蒲、党参、茯苓、五味子、酸枣仁、柏子仁、麦冬、天冬、熟地黄、玄参、远志、桔梗、甘草、朱砂等16味药组成(2020版药典第一部)。
但该方无论是在安全和疗效上均存在一些不足,如:现有天王补心丹口服制剂均以朱砂为佐药,发挥镇静安神作用,其主要成分为硫化汞,长期服用朱砂可引起体内汞蓄积,导致神经系统和肝肾毒性。
本发明在“天王补心丹”的基础上,对其配方进行了改进,减去有毒药物朱砂,加入炙百部以温润肺气,兼解郁除烦;加入炒杜仲以健脾补肾,阳中求阴;加入怀牛膝以活血通络,滋补肝肾;加入珍珠粉以镇静安神;并降低地黄的处方量,经化裁后毒性较原方更小,组方配伍更为合理,经过研究特别适合局部经皮给药。本发明和现有技术中的接近的产品天王补心液、天王补心浓缩丸和天王补心小蜜丸相比,在戊巴比妥钠协同催眠实验中表现出更强的镇静催眠作用。
组方的全部组分如下:丹参、当归、石菖蒲、党参、茯苓、五味子、酸枣仁、柏子仁、炙百部、麦冬、天冬、熟地黄、玄参、远志、桔梗、甘草、怀牛膝、炒杜仲、珍珠粉(以下称该组合“加味天王补心丹”)
凝胶贴膏主要有保水性骨架材料、保湿剂、透皮促进剂、无机填充剂、pH调节剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、增溶剂等组成。在贴膏的处方研究中,通过对骨架材料及用量的考察,解决了贴剂释放和黏附性的矛盾关系。骨架材料用量小,药物释放过快,同时黏附性降低,内聚力和粘弹性变差,甚至难以成型;用量较大,黏附性增大,内聚力和粘弹性,但药物从骨架材料中释放困难。因此,在处方研究中,骨架材料用量和配比是关键问题。药物含量均匀度是贴膏剂质量控制的难点之一。在贴膏的工艺研究中,通过改变溶剂用量和原辅料加入顺序,解决了贴膏中药物含量均匀度的问题。所制成的加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴具有显著的的镇静催眠作用,能够对抗PCPA诱导的小鼠失眠表现,效果与口服给药相当。脑电分析表明加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴够增加失眠模型大鼠睡眠时间,调节睡眠结构,增加慢波睡眠时间和片段数量,具有独特的睡眠调控作用,在增加睡眠时间的同时能够通过加强慢波睡眠提高睡眠质量。
本发明中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,
丹参5-15、当归5-15、石菖蒲5-15、党参5-15、茯苓5-15、五味子5-15、酸枣仁5-15、柏子仁5-15、炙百部5-15、麦冬5-15、天冬5-15、熟地黄5-15、玄参5-15、远志5-15、桔梗2.5-7.5、甘草2.5-7.5、牛膝5-15、杜仲5-15、珍珠粉0.5-1.5。
优选的,本发明中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,丹参8-12、当归8-12、石菖蒲8-12、党参8-12、茯苓8-12、五味子8-12、酸枣仁8-12、柏子仁8-12、炙百部8-12、麦冬8-12、天冬8-12、熟地黄8-12、玄参8-12、远志8-12、桔梗4-6、甘草4-6、牛膝8-12、杜仲8-12、珍珠粉0.8-1.2。最优选的,本发明中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,丹参10、当归10、石菖蒲10、党参10、茯苓10、五味子10、酸枣仁10、柏子仁10、炙百部10、麦冬10、天冬10、熟地黄10、玄参10、远志10、桔梗5、甘草5、牛膝10、杜仲10、珍珠粉1。
以上组成中,各味药的重量是以生药计算的,在生产时可按照相应比例增大或减少,如大规模生产可以以kg为单位,或以t(吨)为单位;小规模制剂也可以以g为单位。重量可以增大或者减小,但各组成之间的生药材重量配比的比例不变。以上重量配比的比例是经过科学筛选得到的,对于特殊病人,如重症或轻症,肥胖或瘦小的病人,可以相应调整组成的量的配比,增加或减少不超过100%,药效基本不变。
本发明的中药组合物,是通过将上述配方组成的中药原料药材经过提取或其他方式加工,制成药物活性物质,随后,以该物质为原料,需要时加入药物可接受的载体,按照制剂学的常规技术制成的。所述活性物质可以通过分别粉碎或提取中药原料得到,也可以通过共同粉碎或提取中药原料药材得到,也可以通过其他方式得到,如:通过粉碎、压榨、研磨、过筛、渗漉、萃取、水提、醇提、酯提、层析等方法得到、这些活性物质可以是粉末形式或浸膏形式的物质,可以是干浸膏也可以是流浸膏,根据制剂的不同需要决定制成不同的浓度。
本发明的中药组合物,为药物制剂形式,优选的是单位剂量的药物制剂形式,在制成药物制剂时可以制成任何可药用的剂型,这些剂型选自:片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、混悬剂、注射剂、栓剂、透皮给药、口腔鼻腔喷雾、雾化吸入剂。优选的是局部给药形式,最佳优选的是透皮给药、口服给药。
本发明进一步提供本发明中药组合物的制备方法,所述方法,包括药物活性物质中加入一些药物可接受的载体,可以采用制剂学常规技术制备成药物制剂,如将药物活性物质与药物可接受的载体混合。所述药物可接受的的载体选自药剂学常规的药用辅料。
本发明优选的制备方法包括以下步骤如下:
取丹参、当归、石菖蒲、党参、茯苓、五味子、酸枣仁、柏子仁、炙百部等9味药加10倍量、70%乙醇浸泡1小时,加热煮沸回流提取2小时过滤,收集滤液。药渣与剩余9味药材合并加水煎煮两次,第一次加入10倍水量煮沸2小时过滤,第二次水提加入10倍水量煮沸1小时过滤,收集滤液。
上述醇提和水提滤液分别浓缩,醇提滤液浓缩条件为蒸汽压力0.01Mpa,蒸发室温度60-70℃,真空度0.07Mpa,浓缩时间45分钟。水提滤液浓缩条件为蒸汽压力0.01Mpa,蒸发室温度60-70℃,真空度0.07Mpa,浓缩时间2-4小时,合并浓缩液,混匀,所得浓缩液中加入珍珠粉就是本发明的中药提取物。
本发明进一步以上述中药提取物为药物活性物质,按照制剂学中的要求,制备成药物制剂组合物,如可以采用以下方法制备成水凝胶膏贴剂油相的制备:甘油中添加聚丙烯酸钠、氢氧化铝、高岭土等进行充分的混合均匀水相A的制备:水中加入羧甲基纤维素钠、PVP等,溶解备用;
水相B的制备:另取少量水,加入酒石酸进行溶解;
将油相与水相A进行混合,加入水相B后充分混炼,涂于无纺布上,用离型膜进行复合,裁切成规定大小,即得本发明的水凝胶贴。
本发明的组合物,经过实验研究,具有较现有技术更加优越的技术效果,有关实验如下:
实验例1:加味天王补心丹的镇静催眠作用
1.加味天王补心丹提取物协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,SPF级,22-25g,购自斯贝福(北京)实验动物有限公司。
受试样品:制得的加味天王补心丹浸膏,按照提取率和药材剂量,称取相应质量的浸膏,加入生理盐水制成混悬液,供灌胃。
实验方法:小鼠购入后适应性饲养一周,按体重随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为溶剂对照组(vehicle,生理盐水)、加味天王补心丹低剂量(以生药质量记,0.5g/kg)组、加味天王补心丹中剂量(以生药质量记,1.02g/kg)组与加味天王补心丹高剂量(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组。给药方法如下:
(1)加味天王补心丹不同剂量组分别单次灌胃给予相应药物(20ml/kg),溶剂对照组灌胃给予等体积生理盐水。
(2)灌胃给药40min后,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(42mg/kg,10ml/kg),将小鼠置于25℃左右的独立空间,记录给药时间。
(3)观察小鼠睡眠状态,记录翻正反射的消失时间即小鼠保持仰卧位60秒不恢复,则视其进入睡眠;记录小鼠翻正反射恢复时间即60秒内翻转小鼠能自主恢复,连续三次,则视为其睡眠结束。
(4)分别计算睡眠潜伏期与睡眠时间,睡眠潜伏期为翻正反射消失时间-给药时间,睡眠时间为翻正反射恢复时间-翻正反射消失时间。
实验结果:见图1。
图1加味天王补心丹提取物协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用注:n=10,与溶剂对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
图A结果表明,高剂量加味天王补心丹浸膏单次灌胃给药能够缩短戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠潜伏期,与溶剂对照组比较有显著性差异(p<0.01)。图B中结果表明,单次灌胃给予高剂量天王补心丹可显著延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠持续时间,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.001)。上述结果提示加味天王补心丹提取物具有镇静催眠作用。
实验例2:加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴的镇静催眠作用
1.加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,SPF级,22-25g,购自斯贝福(北京)实验动物有限公司。
受试样品:空白水凝胶膏贴、加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴均裁剪为宽2.5cm,长10cm的长条状。制得的加味天王补心丹浸膏,按照提取率和药材剂量,称取相应质量的浸膏,加入生理盐水制成混悬液,供灌胃。地西泮按照临床使用剂量换算为小鼠给药剂量,称取相应质量固体制成生理盐水溶液,供灌胃。
实验方法:小鼠购入后适应性饲养一周,按体重随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为溶剂对照组(vehicle,生理盐水)、加味天王补心丹灌胃组(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组、加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴组和阳性对照组(地西泮,3mg/kg,i.g.)组。处理方法如下:
(1)各组小鼠备皮,腹部剃毛,除天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴组外均贴空白对照贴。各组贴剂粘贴于小鼠腹部后于背部黏合,包裹适当宽度保鲜膜保湿,以胶带固定。天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴剂给药6h后腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(42mg/kg,10ml/kg),将小鼠置于25℃左右的独立空间,记录给药时间。
(2)加味天王补心丹灌胃组和地西泮组贴空白帖6h后揭除贴剂,单次灌胃给予相应药物(20ml/kg),溶剂对照组灌胃给予等体积生理盐水。灌胃给药40min后,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(42mg/kg,10ml/kg),将小鼠置于25℃左右的独立空间,记录给药时间。
(3)观察小鼠睡眠状态,记录翻正反射的消失时间即小鼠保持仰卧位60秒不恢复,则视其进入睡眠;记录小鼠翻正反射恢复时间即60秒内翻转小鼠能自主恢复,连续三次,则视为其睡眠结束。
(4)分别计算睡眠潜伏期与睡眠时间,睡眠潜伏期为翻正反射消失时间-给药时间,睡眠时间为翻正反射恢复时间-翻正反射消失时间。
实验结果:见图2。
图2加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用注:n=10,与溶剂对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
图A结果表明,加味天王补心丹口服和经皮给药具有缩短戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠潜伏期的趋势,效果相当。图B结果表明,加味天王补心丹口服和经皮给药能够显著延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠持续时间,二者间无显著差异。
实验例3:加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴对PCPA模型的失眠干预作用
实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,SPF级,22-25g,购自斯贝福(北京)实验动物有限公司。
受试样品:空白水凝胶膏贴、加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴均裁剪为宽2.5cm,长10cm的长条状。制得的加味天王补心丹提取物,按照提取率和药材剂量,称取相应质量的浸膏,加入生理盐水制成混悬液,供灌胃。地西泮按照临床使用剂量换算为小鼠给药剂量,称取相应质量固体制成生理盐水溶液,供腹腔注射。实验方法:小鼠购入后适应性饲养一周,按体重随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为溶剂对照组(vehicle,生理盐水)、阳性对照组(地西泮3mg/kg,i.g.)、PCPA模型组(400mg/kg,i.p.)、加味天王补心丹灌胃组(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组和加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴组。给药方法如下:
(1)除溶剂对照组外,各组小鼠腹腔注射PCPA(400mg/kg,10ml/kg)造模,连续给药三天,末次给药12小时后进行戊巴比妥钠协同催眠实验。
(2)各组小鼠备皮,腹部剃毛,除天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴组外均贴空白对照贴,6h后揭除。各组贴剂粘贴于小鼠腹部后于背部黏合,包裹适当宽度保鲜膜保湿,以胶带固定。天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴剂给药6h后揭除,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(42mg/kg,10ml/kg),将小鼠置于25℃左右的独立空间,记录给药时间。
(3)加味天王补心丹灌胃组和地西泮组揭除空白对照贴后,单次灌胃给予相应药物(20ml/kg),溶剂对照组除空白对照贴后灌胃给予等体积生理盐水。灌胃给药40min后,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(42mg/kg,10ml/kg),将小鼠置于25℃左右的独立空间,记录给药时间。
(4)观察小鼠睡眠状态,记录翻正反射的消失时间即小鼠保持仰卧位60秒不恢复,则视其进入睡眠;记录小鼠翻正反射恢复时间即60秒内翻转小鼠能自主恢复,连续三次,则视为其睡眠结束。
(5)分别计算睡眠潜伏期与睡眠时间,睡眠潜伏期为翻正反射消失时间-给药时间,睡眠时间为翻正反射恢复时间-翻正反射消失时间。
实验结果:见图3。
图3加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴对PCPA失眠模型的干预作用注:n=10,与溶剂对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001;与PCPA模型组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001。
PCPA诱导失眠实验结果表明,与溶剂对照组比较,PCPA模型组小鼠睡眠持续时间显著缩短(图B)。阳性药地西泮、加味天王补心丹提取物灌胃单次给药和加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴作用6小时可显著延长模型小鼠的睡眠持续时间(图B)。加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴组小鼠睡眠潜伏期与对照组比较显著缩短。上述结果提示加味天王补心丹通过口服与经皮给药途径均能够改善PCPA引起的小鼠失眠表现。
实验例4:加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴对低压低氧失眠模型的干预作用
实验动物:SD大鼠,雄性,SPF级,200~250g,购自斯贝福(北京)实验动物有限公司。
实验仪器:DSI无线生理信号采集系统(Dataquest A.R.T.4.31),HD-S21型小动物无线生理信号遥测植入子,NeuroScore 3.1.1脑电分析软件。
受试样品:空白水凝胶膏贴、加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴均裁剪为宽5cm,长10cm的长条状。制得的加味天王补心丹提取物,按照提取率和药材剂量,称取相应质量的浸膏,加入生理盐水制成混悬液,供灌胃。
实验方法:
(1)植入子手术
动物购入后适应性饲养一周进行手术,10%水合氯醛3ml/kg腹腔注射麻醉大鼠。头颈部手术区域备皮,剃毛后使用碘伏和酒精棉球消毒皮肤。大鼠以俯卧位置于脑立体定位仪手术台上,调整适配器位置,固定大鼠头部。纵向切开头部皮肤,切口长度2cm,暴露颅骨,刮去骨膜。找到bregma点,在其左右各2mm处用手术刀划定标记,颅骨钻钻孔,剥离植入子导线前端线鞘暴露金属导丝,弯曲后置入颅骨下,但不穿破硬脑膜,用于记录脑电活动。植入子主体部分置于大鼠背部皮下。手术完成后缝合伤口,将大鼠放置于温暖环境中至苏醒,术后连续一周腹腔注射抗生素。
(2)给药与信号采集
大鼠术后恢复一周,第8天记录24h睡眠情况作为基线。按体重随机分为3组,每组3只,分别为正常对照组(control,生理盐水)、低压低氧失眠模型组、加味天王补心丹灌胃组(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组和加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴组。给药后正常对照组饲养于常压常氧环境,其余三组大鼠单笼饲养于模拟海拔3500米低压氧仓中,共造模72h,每天给药一次,期间进行持续脑电检测。
(3)脑电分析
使用NeuroScore 3.1.1脑电分析软件默认的啮齿类动物睡眠分析模块(Rodentsleep scoring model),以10s为单位对脑电信号进行睡眠评分,根据脑电特征将原始信号进行分类,分别为清醒、活动清醒、慢波睡眠、和异相睡眠。实验结果:见图4-图5。
图4加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴对失眠模型大鼠睡眠时间的影响注:n=3,PS:异相睡眠,SWS:慢波睡眠。与正常对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001;与失眠模型组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001;图A结果表明低压低氧条件下大鼠慢波睡眠时间显著减少,活动清醒时间显著增加,与模型组比较,加味天王补心丹口服和经皮给药均能显著增加大鼠慢波睡眠时间,减少清醒时间,两者作用效果相当。在24清醒/睡眠时间分布图中(图B、图C)模型组在各时间段内清醒时间增加,睡眠时间减少。加味天王补心丹口服和经皮给药均能使清醒/睡眠时间分布恢复至接近正常对照组水平。结果提示四神丸能够增加大鼠的睡眠时间和睡眠深度。
图5加味天王补心丹对失眠模型大鼠睡眠片段的影响注:n=3,PS:异相睡眠,SWS:慢波睡眠。与正常对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001;与失眠模型组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01,###p<0.001;图A结果表明低压低氧条件下大鼠活动清醒片段平均持续时间显著增加,与模型组比较,加味天王补心丹口服和经皮给药均能显著减少活动清醒片段平均持续时间,效果相当。图B结果表明低压低氧条件下大鼠慢波睡眠片段数量具有下降趋势,与模型组比较加味天王补心丹口服和经皮给药均能显著增加大鼠慢波睡眠片段数量。提示加味天王补心丹具有调节睡眠结构的作用。
实验例5:加味天王补心丹提取物与市售口服制剂镇静催眠作用的比较1.加味天王补心丹提取物协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用实验动物:ICR小鼠,雄性,SPF级,22-25g,购自斯贝福(北京)实验动物有限公司。
受试样品:制得的加味天王补心丹浸膏,按照提取率和药材剂量,称取相应质量的浸膏,加入生理盐水制成混悬液,供灌胃;天王补心液(万年青)、天王补心浓缩丸(佛慈)和天王补心丸(小蜜丸,九芝堂)按照临床常用剂量换算为小鼠剂量,浓缩丸和小蜜丸研碎后生理盐水溶解,口服液生理盐水稀释备用。
实验方法:小鼠购入后适应性饲养一周,按体重随机分为6组,每组10只,分别为溶剂对照(vehicle,生理盐水)组、阳性对照(地西泮,3mg/kg)组加味天王补心丹浸膏(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组、天王补心液(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组、天王补心浓缩丸(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组、天王补心小密丸(以生药质量记,2.04g/kg)组。给药方法如下:
(1)加味天王补心丹各组分别单次灌胃给予相应药物(20ml/kg),溶剂对照组灌胃给予等体积生理盐水。
(2)灌胃给药40min后,腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(42mg/kg,10ml/kg),将小鼠置于25℃左右的独立空间,记录给药时间。
(3)观察小鼠睡眠状态,记录翻正反射的消失时间即小鼠保持仰卧位60秒不恢复,则视其进入睡眠;记录小鼠翻正反射恢复时间即60秒内翻转小鼠能自主恢复,连续三次,则视为其睡眠结束。
(4)分别计算睡眠潜伏期与睡眠时间,睡眠潜伏期为翻正反射消失时间-给药时间,睡眠时间为翻正反射恢复时间-翻正反射消失时间。
实验结果:见图1。
图6加味天王补心丹提取物与市售口服制剂镇静催眠作用的比较注:n=10,与溶剂对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
图A结果表明,加味天王补心丹浸膏单次灌胃给药能够缩短戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠潜伏期,与溶剂对照组比较无显著性差异。图B中结果表明,单次灌胃给予天王补心丹提取物可显著延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠持续时间,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05);天王补心口服液可延长睡眠持续时间,作用效果略弱于加味天王补心丹提取物;天王补心浓缩丸和小密丸对戊巴比妥钠诱导的睡眠持续时间无显著作用。上述结果提示加味天王补心丹提取物的镇静催眠作用优于市售其他天王补心丹口服制剂。
附图说明
图1加味天王补心丹提取物协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用
图2加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴协同戊巴比妥钠催眠作用
图3加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴对PCPA失眠模型的干预作用
图4加味天王补心丹水凝胶膏贴对失眠模型大鼠睡眠时间的影响
图5加味天王补心丹对失眠模型大鼠睡眠片段的影响
图6加味天王补心丹提取物与市售口服制剂镇静催眠作用的比较
具体实施方式:
实施例1:该中药组合提取物的制备
本发明中药组合物,由以下重量份的重要原料药制备而成,丹参10、当归10、石菖蒲10、党参10、茯苓10、五味子10、酸枣仁10、柏子仁10、炙百部10、麦冬10、天冬10、熟地黄10、玄参10、远志10、桔梗5、甘草5、牛膝10、杜仲10、珍珠粉1。
将所述重量配比的丹参、当归、石菖蒲、党参、茯苓、五味子、酸枣仁、柏子仁、炙百部等9味药加10倍量、70%乙醇浸泡1小时,加热煮沸回流提取2小时过滤,收集滤液。药渣与剩余9味药材合并加水煎煮两次,第一次加入10倍水量煮沸2小时过滤,第二次水提加入10倍水量煮沸1小时过滤,收集滤液。
上述醇提和水提滤液分别浓缩,醇提滤液浓缩条件为蒸汽压力0.01Mpa,蒸发室温度60-70℃,真空度0.07Mpa,浓缩时间45分钟。水提滤液浓缩条件为蒸汽压力0.01Mpa,蒸发室温度60-70℃,真空度0.07Mpa,浓缩时间2-4小时,合并浓缩液,混匀备用。
实施例2:该中药组合提取物水凝胶膏贴剂的制备
将实施例1中所得浓缩液中加入珍珠粉制备成本发明药物的活性成分。该中药组合的活性成分加入油相,甘油中依次添加聚丙烯酸钠、氢氧化铝、高岭土等进行充分的混合均匀;水相A:水中加入羧甲基纤维素钠、PVP等,溶解备用;水相B:另取少量水,加入酒石酸进行溶解;将油相与水相A进行混合,加入水相B后充分混炼,涂于无纺布上,用离型膜进行复合,裁切成规定大小,既得该药物的水凝胶贴,每贴含膏量10g,含生药量1.7g。
实施例3:片剂和胶囊的制备
取实施例1中所得浓缩液中加入珍珠粉0.2kg,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入β-环糊精包合物混匀。将上述原辅料混合物置入一步制粒机,加入淀粉、乳糖和微晶纤维素(1:1:2)制粒并干燥。测定水分<2%后,20-30目筛整粒,加入0.1-1%微粉硅胶和硬脂酸镁混匀。胶囊剂直接填充0#深色胶囊(避光)。
压片采用8#-9#冲模压片,片剂压力控制在20-40牛顿。压好的片剂置于包衣机中,包防潮避光衣,增重控制在2%-4%。胶囊和片剂成品包铝塑铝包材中。
实施例4:颗粒剂的制备
取实施例1中所得浓缩液中加入珍珠粉0.2kg,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入β-环糊精包合物及1:1-1:3糊精,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,整粒20-30目。灌装于双铝包装袋中。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有滋阴清热,养血安神功效的中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,
丹参5-15、当归5-15、石菖蒲5-15、党参5-15、茯苓5-15、五味子5-15、酸枣仁5-15、柏子仁5-15、炙百部5-15、麦冬5-15、天冬5-15、熟地黄5-15、玄参5-15、远志5-15、桔梗2.5-7.5、甘草2.5-7.5、牛膝5-15、杜仲5-15、珍珠粉0.5-1.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,丹参8-12、当归8-12、石菖蒲8-12、党参8-12、茯苓8-12、五味子8-12、酸枣仁8-12、柏子仁8-12、炙百部8-12、麦冬8-12、天冬8-12、熟地黄8-12、玄参8-12、远志8-12、桔梗4-6、甘草4-6、牛膝8-12、杜仲8-12、珍珠粉0.8-1.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,由以下重量份的中药原料药制备而成,丹参10、当归10、石菖蒲10、党参10、茯苓10、五味子10、酸枣仁10、柏子仁10、炙百部10、麦冬10、天冬10、熟地黄10、玄参10、远志10、桔梗5、甘草5、牛膝10、杜仲10、珍珠粉1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,是通过将中药原料药经过提取或其他方式加工,制成药物活性物质,随后,以该物质为原料,需要时加入药物可接受的载体,按照制剂学的常规技术制成的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药组合物,所述活性物质可以通过分别粉碎或提取中药原料得到,也可以通过共同粉碎或提取中药原料药材得到,也可以通过其他方式得到,如:通过粉碎、压榨、研磨、过筛、渗漉、萃取、水提、醇提、酯提、层析等方法得到。
6.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,为药物制剂形式,在制成药物制剂时可以制成任何可药用的剂型。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中药组合物,所述剂型选自:片剂、胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、混悬剂、注射剂、栓剂、透皮给药、口腔鼻腔喷雾、雾化吸入剂。
8.权利要求1所述的中药组合物的制备方法,所述方法,包括药物活性物质中加入一些药物可接受的载体,采用制剂学常规技术制备成药物制剂。
9.权利要求8所述的中药组合物的制备方法,所述方法,包括以下步骤如下:取丹参、当归、石菖蒲、党参、茯苓、五味子、酸枣仁、柏子仁、炙百部等9味药加10倍量、70%乙醇浸泡1小时,加热煮沸回流提取2小时过滤,收集滤液。药渣与剩余9味药材合并加水煎煮两次,第一次加入10倍水量煮沸2小时过滤,第二次水提加入10倍水量煮沸1小时过滤,收集滤液。
上述醇提和水提滤液分别浓缩,醇提滤液浓缩条件为蒸汽压力0.01Mpa,蒸发室温度60-70℃,真空度0.07Mpa,浓缩时间45分钟。水提滤液浓缩条件为蒸汽压力0.01Mpa,蒸发室温度60-70℃,真空度0.07Mpa,浓缩时间2-4小时,合并浓缩液,混匀,所得浓缩液中加入珍珠粉,按照制剂学中的要求,制备成药物制剂组合物。
10.权利要求9所述的中药组合物的制备方法,采用以下方法制备成水凝胶膏贴剂
油相的制备:甘油中添加聚丙烯酸钠、氢氧化铝、高岭土等进行充分的混合均匀;水相A的制备:水中加入羧甲基纤维素钠、PVP等,溶解备用;
水相B的制备:另取少量水,加入酒石酸进行溶解;
将油相与水相A进行混合,加入水相B后充分混炼,涂于无纺布上,用离型膜进行复合,裁切成规定大小,即得本发明的水凝胶贴。
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