CN112797411B - Energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and solid waste pyrolysis process method - Google Patents

Energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and solid waste pyrolysis process method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112797411B
CN112797411B CN202011485527.XA CN202011485527A CN112797411B CN 112797411 B CN112797411 B CN 112797411B CN 202011485527 A CN202011485527 A CN 202011485527A CN 112797411 B CN112797411 B CN 112797411B
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pyrolysis
chamber
heat
heat exchange
solid waste
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CN112797411A (en
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吴峰
孙临泉
姜维
薛蔚琦
肖倩
陈光耀
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China Resources Environmental Protection Development Co ltd
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China Resources Environmental Protection Development Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy-saving type solid-waste pyrolysis device and a solid-waste pyrolysis process method, wherein the energy-saving type solid-waste pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace is internally divided into a heat exchange chamber and a pyrolysis chamber through a heat insulation plate, a heat storage belt is arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, and the heat storage belt is used for transmitting heat of the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; and the heat exchange chamber is also provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet. According to the invention, the movable heat exchange is utilized, the heat generated by the pyrolysis chamber is uniformly distributed in the pyrolysis furnace through the heat accumulation belt, a uniform temperature gradient field is generated, solid waste enters the temperature gradient field through the conveying belt, and the solid waste at different combustion points correspondingly reacts in the temperature gradient field, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and solid waste pyrolysis process method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste pyrolysis, in particular to an energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and a solid waste pyrolysis process method.
Background
The heat treatment of solid waste is a common method for treating solid waste at home and abroad, and is especially suitable for treating solid waste by adopting a heat method, and the heat energy of the solid waste is required to be recovered and utilized, and the heat treatment is mainly divided into an incineration method and a pyrolysis method; the incineration method is a comprehensive treatment process of high-temperature decomposition and deep oxidation of solid wastes, and has the advantages that a large amount of harmful wastes are decomposed to become harmless substances, but the incineration method also has the defects of large investment, secondary pollution caused by smoke discharge in the incineration process, serious equipment corrosion phenomenon and the like.
The pyrolysis is to heat the organic matters at high temperature (1000-1200 ℃) under the anaerobic or anoxic condition to decompose the organic matters into three products of gas, liquid and solid, and the gas generated after partial pyrolysis can be used as fuel. Namely, the thermal instability of the organic matters is utilized, and under the anaerobic or anoxic condition, the compound bond of the compound is broken by utilizing heat energy, so that the organic matters with large molecular weight are converted into combustible gas, liquid fuel and coke with small molecular weight. The pyrolysis treatment process is to place the solid waste in a completely sealed hearth, heat the temperature in the hearth to 450-750 ℃, under the conditions of high temperature and oxygen deficiency, the organic matters in the solid waste are decomposed into two parts of solid waste and hot gas, the solid waste is mainly ash, mineral matters and carbide, various metals in the solid waste are separated out after cooling and cleaning, the coke produced by the process can be reused, and in the hot gas, the condensable part is converted into grease, and the residual hot gas is used for heating the furnace wall.
However, the existing high-temperature pyrolysis furnace has the problems of high energy consumption, high running cost and low economical efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and a solid waste pyrolysis process method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the energy-saving solid-waste pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, wherein the pyrolysis furnace is internally divided into a heat exchange chamber and a pyrolysis chamber through a heat insulation plate, a heat storage belt is arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, and the heat storage belt is used for transferring heat of the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; and the heat exchange chamber is also provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the heat storage belt is provided with a plurality of heat storage elements so as to form a temperature field, and the temperature of the temperature field is gradually decreased from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the temperature field is divided into a plurality of cells, and each cell is a temperature interval.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and a U-shaped conveying belt is further arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, one end of the conveying belt is connected with the feeding port, and the other end of the conveying belt is connected with the discharging port.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and a heat exchange fan is further arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the heat storage belt is made of Li 2 CO 3 、K 2 SO 3 、Na 2 SO 4 One or more of KCl, al and graphite.
The solid waste pyrolysis process method based on the energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device comprises the following steps of:
feeding the solid waste into a heat exchange chamber from a feed inlet;
the solid waste material is subjected to water evaporation and volatile matter volatilization in the solid waste material through a heat storage belt;
the rest solid waste enters a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis until the pyrolysis is completed;
and discharging the pyrolyzed solid waste from the discharge hole.
The further technical scheme is as follows: before the solid waste is put into the heat exchange chamber step from the feed inlet, the method further comprises the following steps: the pyrolysis furnace is divided into a heat exchange chamber and a pyrolysis chamber by a heat insulation plate.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the heat storage belt is provided with a plurality of heat storage elements so as to form a temperature field, and the temperature of the temperature field decreases from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; the temperature field is divided into a plurality of cells, and each cell is a temperature interval.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the temperature of the temperature field is 200-600 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the movable heat exchange is utilized, the heat generated by the pyrolysis chamber is uniformly distributed in the pyrolysis furnace through the heat accumulation belt, a uniform temperature gradient field is generated, solid waste enters the temperature gradient field through the conveying belt, the solid waste at different combustion points is correspondingly reacted in the temperature gradient field, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the solid waste pyrolysis process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be attached, detached, or integrated, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily being directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, one skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
1-2, wherein, as shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses an energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace 10, wherein the pyrolysis furnace 10 is internally divided into a heat exchange chamber 30 and a pyrolysis chamber 40 by a heat insulation plate 20, a heat accumulation belt 50 is arranged between the heat exchange chamber 30 and the pyrolysis chamber 40, and the heat accumulation belt 50 is used for transferring heat of the pyrolysis chamber 40 to the heat exchange chamber 30; the heat exchange chamber 30 is also provided with a feed inlet 31 and a discharge outlet 32.
Wherein the inner walls of the pyrolysis furnace 10 are closed with a thermal insulation layer so that pyrolysis of the solid waste is better completed in the pyrolysis furnace 10.
The heat storage belt 50 is provided with a plurality of heat storage elements to form a temperature field, the temperature of the temperature field is gradually reduced from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber, infinite heat exchange is formed, the heat storage material has a high heat storage ratio, the energy storage effect is excellent, and a uniform gradual change temperature field of 200-600 ℃ is formed in the heat exchange chamber 30. The heat storage element can adopt the forms of movable crawler type, spiral auger type and the like according to different temperature control levels of the solid waste calcined in the pyrolysis furnace 10.
Wherein, the pyrolysis chamber 40 adopts the induction heating, can realize 600-1200 degrees closed calcination temperature fields, is equipped with the heat carrier in the pyrolysis chamber 40, and the outside of pyrolysis oven 10 body encircles and sets up induction coil, and induction coil links to each other with electromagnetic induction heating host computer, in the pyrolysis chamber 40, waits to heat the carrier because of electromagnetic induction principle, and there is the vortex production on the surface, and then has heat to heat solid waste material, along with different high temperatures, organic decomposition carbonization and gasification, easy decomposition salt forms metal oxide or carbonate.
Further, in the present embodiment, the heat storage belt 50 is movable, so that the position can be adjusted to meet different scene requirements.
Wherein, the temperature field is divided into a plurality of cells, each cell is a temperature interval, for example, 100-200 ℃, 200-400 ℃, 400-600 ℃, and the like, the heat accumulating belt 50 forms a temperature field decreasing from the pyrolysis chamber 40 to the heat exchange chamber 30 at 600-200 ℃ under the action of the hot air of the pyrolysis chamber 40, when the solid waste material entering the furnace passes through the temperature field, the solid waste material entering the furnace will be heated at different stages due to different boiling points of different substances, the heating heat exchange process for removing moisture and low-temperature volatile matters is performed, and finally the solid waste material remaining enters the pyrolysis chamber 40 for pyrolysis.
As shown in fig. 1, a U-shaped conveying belt 60 is further disposed between the heat exchange chamber 30 and the pyrolysis chamber 40, one end of the conveying belt 60 is connected with the feeding port 31, the other end is connected with the discharging port 32, and the conveying belt 60 ensures that the following functions are realized: the fresh low-temperature furnace-entering solid waste realizes a uniform and continuous heating process of 200 to 600 ℃, and the pyrolyzed high Wen Chulu solid waste realizes a uniform and continuous cooling process of 600 to 200 ℃, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
Wherein, the U-shaped conveyer belt 60 adopts a movable crawler type, and the ratio of the heat capacity of the solid waste material during calcination and the movable crawler to the total heat capacity of the whole hearth is controlled to be less than 10 percent.
Wherein the heat storage belt is made of Li 2 CO 3 、K 2 SO 3 、Na 2 SO 4 The preparation method is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing one or more of KCl, al and graphite, particularly recommending graphite, wherein the graphite has good conductivity, single component, water insolubility and easy removal of most of reaction products of salts, and the decomposition products of the graphite have little harm, are carbon dioxide, do not need to be treated, have very low cost and are favorable for large-scale popularization.
Wherein, a heat exchange fan 70 is further disposed between the heat exchange chamber 30 and the pyrolysis chamber 40, and is used for extracting high-temperature hot air (including decomposed gas) in the pyrolysis chamber 40, recovering heat energy through the heat exchange chamber 30, and enabling the uniform gradual temperature field to be more smoothly gradual.
The high-temperature hot air in the extraction pyrolysis chamber 40 can be led out of the pyrolysis furnace 10 to initially heat the normal-temperature solid waste through a heat exchange system such as a fluidized drying heating bed, so that the solid waste is increased to 60-80 ℃, and the heat energy efficiency is further improved.
The invention also discloses a solid waste pyrolysis process method, which is based on the energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and comprises the following steps of:
s1, solid waste is put into a heat exchange chamber from a feed inlet;
s2, evaporating water from the solid waste and volatilizing volatile matters in the solid waste through a heat storage belt;
s3, the rest solid waste enters a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis until the pyrolysis is completed;
s4, discharging the pyrolyzed solid waste from the discharge hole.
Wherein, before the step S1, further includes: the pyrolysis furnace is divided into a heat exchange chamber and pyrolysis through a heat insulation plate.
The heat storage belt is provided with a plurality of heat storage elements so as to form a temperature field, and the temperature of the temperature field is gradually decreased from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; the temperature field is divided into a plurality of cells, each cell is a temperature interval, the temperature interval can be 100-200 degrees, 200-400 degrees and 400-600 degrees, so that solid waste entering the pyrolysis furnace has sufficient residence time in each cell, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, and each cell can be provided with an electric furnace wire according to actual requirements, thereby being beneficial to the formation and stability of the temperature cells.
The invention is characterized in that the heat generated in the pyrolysis furnace is recycled to the greatest extent, high temperature of 800-1000 ℃ can be generated through pyrolysis of solid waste materials, high-temperature hot air is formed in the pyrolysis chamber, the high-temperature hot air reversely contacts and transfers heat with a heat storage belt under the control of a heat exchange fan, the heat storage belt forms a temperature gradient which is gradually cooled from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber, the temperature gradient range is 200-600 ℃, the heat storage belt takes the heat storage belt and the labyrinth seal heat storage belt as heat sources to carry out the heating heat exchange process of heating and removing water and volatilizing components at low temperature, and the solid waste materials which are pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber can gradually reduce the temperature under the action of the rear end cooling heat storage belt, so that the uniform continuous cooling heat exchange process of the discharged solid waste materials is completed.
According to the invention, the movable heat exchange is utilized, the heat generated by the pyrolysis chamber is uniformly distributed in the pyrolysis furnace through the heat accumulation belt, a uniform temperature gradient field is generated, solid waste enters the temperature gradient field through the conveying belt, and the solid waste at different combustion points correspondingly reacts in the temperature gradient field, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The foregoing examples are provided to further illustrate the technical contents of the present invention for the convenience of the reader, but are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention thereto, and any technical extension or re-creation according to the present invention is protected by the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The energy-saving solid-waste pyrolysis device is characterized by comprising a pyrolysis furnace, wherein the pyrolysis furnace is internally divided into a heat exchange chamber and a pyrolysis chamber through a heat insulation plate, a heat accumulation belt is arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, and the heat accumulation belt is used for transferring heat of the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; the heat exchange chamber is also provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet; the heat storage belt is provided with a plurality of heat storage elements so as to form a temperature field, and the temperature of the temperature field decreases from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; the temperature field is divided into a plurality of cells, and each cell is a temperature interval; and a U-shaped conveying belt is further arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, one end of the conveying belt is connected with the feeding port, and the other end of the conveying belt is connected with the discharging port.
2. The energy-saving solid-waste pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange fan is further arranged between the heat exchange chamber and the pyrolysis chamber.
3. The energy-saving solid-waste thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said thermal storage belt is made of Li 2 CO 3 、K 2 SO 3 、Na 2 SO 4 One or more of KCl, al and graphite.
4. A solid waste pyrolysis process characterized by an energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
feeding the solid waste into a heat exchange chamber from a feed inlet;
the solid waste material is subjected to water evaporation and volatile matter volatilization in the solid waste material through a heat storage belt;
the rest solid waste enters a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis until the pyrolysis is completed;
and discharging the pyrolyzed solid waste from the discharge hole.
5. The process of solid waste pyrolysis according to claim 4, further comprising, prior to the step of feeding the solid waste material from the feed port into the heat exchange chamber: the pyrolysis furnace is divided into a heat exchange chamber and a pyrolysis chamber by a heat insulation plate.
6. The process according to claim 4, wherein the heat storage belt is provided with a plurality of heat storage elements to form a temperature field, and the temperature of the temperature field decreases from the pyrolysis chamber to the heat exchange chamber; the temperature field is divided into a plurality of cells, and each cell is a temperature interval.
7. The process according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the temperature field is 200-600 degrees.
CN202011485527.XA 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Energy-saving solid waste pyrolysis device and solid waste pyrolysis process method Active CN112797411B (en)

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Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105754628A (en) * 2016-05-19 2016-07-13 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Waste tire pyrolyzing and cracking tube cracking system
CN205501192U (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-08-24 榆林煤化工产业升级技术研发中心 Novel coal pyrolysis reactor
WO2017068609A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 カンケンテクノ株式会社 Exhaust gas treatment device
CN209178228U (en) * 2018-10-07 2019-07-30 克拉玛依市奥峰环保科技有限责任公司 A kind of deeply dehydrating sludge, desiccation, carbonization treatment disposal system
CN111424130A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-07-17 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 Improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method
CN111647415A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-09-11 华航环境发展有限公司 Many cabins formula pyrolysis carbomorphism device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017068609A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-27 カンケンテクノ株式会社 Exhaust gas treatment device
CN205501192U (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-08-24 榆林煤化工产业升级技术研发中心 Novel coal pyrolysis reactor
CN105754628A (en) * 2016-05-19 2016-07-13 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 Waste tire pyrolyzing and cracking tube cracking system
CN209178228U (en) * 2018-10-07 2019-07-30 克拉玛依市奥峰环保科技有限责任公司 A kind of deeply dehydrating sludge, desiccation, carbonization treatment disposal system
CN111424130A (en) * 2020-06-01 2020-07-17 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 Improved heat accumulating type coal-based reduction device and reduction method
CN111647415A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-09-11 华航环境发展有限公司 Many cabins formula pyrolysis carbomorphism device

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