CN112795823B - Forging process of aluminum alloy automobile hub - Google Patents
Forging process of aluminum alloy automobile hub Download PDFInfo
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- CN112795823B CN112795823B CN202110150495.6A CN202110150495A CN112795823B CN 112795823 B CN112795823 B CN 112795823B CN 202110150495 A CN202110150495 A CN 202110150495A CN 112795823 B CN112795823 B CN 112795823B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub, which comprises the following steps: step S1, detecting and cutting the aluminum bar raw material; step S2, carrying out sectional heating treatment on the aluminum alloy blank; step S3, preheating a hub die, and then carrying out pre-forging and finish forging on the aluminum alloy blank; step S4, spinning, trimming, turning and heat treating the hub blank, and hanging the hub on the hook by using a hub hanging device; step S5, cleaning and spraying the hub on the suspension chain to obtain a finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub; the hub hanging device comprises a rack, a roller conveying line, a hub positioning mechanism, a sliding movement mechanism and a wheel clamping mechanism, wherein the roller conveying line is positioned in the rack; the invention solves the problems of insufficient structural strength and low production efficiency of the existing aluminum alloy hub.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile hub manufacturing, and particularly relates to a forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub.
Background
Forging is a processing method which utilizes forging machinery to apply pressure on a metal blank to cause the metal blank to generate plastic deformation so as to obtain a forged piece with certain mechanical property, certain shape and certain size. The defects of as-cast porosity and the like generated in the smelting process of metal can be eliminated through forging, the microstructure is optimized, and meanwhile, because the complete metal streamline is preserved, the mechanical property of the forging is generally superior to that of a casting made of the same material.
The hub is one of the most important moving parts of the automobile, and has high requirements on the performance, the weight and the service life. In recent years, because aluminum alloy hubs have the advantages of attractive appearance, light weight, quick heat dissipation, good shock absorption performance, long service life, good balance, oil consumption reduction and the like, the aluminum alloy hubs are distinguished in the automobile industry and are generally adopted by various new automobile models, forging is the most advanced method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy hubs, the strength of the forged aluminum alloy hubs is 3 times that of common aluminum hubs, the forged aluminum alloy hubs are 20% lighter than the cast aluminum alloy hubs in weight, and the elongation of the forged aluminum alloy hubs is generally higher than 12%, so that vibration caused by a road surface can be effectively absorbed in the driving process of automobiles, and the driving comfort is improved.
For the hub cast by the traditional process, the aluminum alloy bar needs to be heated to a molten and flowable state, a high-power heating furnace is needed, the heating time is long, and the operation cost of moving pouring after heating is finished is high. After the mold is cooled and opened, casting defects are reflected in inner sand hole air holes which cannot be predicted and are caused by special conditions, so that the yield of the hub is low, and almost all surfaces of the hub need to be processed after casting and forming.
The traditional hub forging process in the prior art cannot meet the requirement of high production efficiency, and the manufactured product has low structural strength and is often deformed or even broken.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub, and solves the problems that the structural strength of the aluminum alloy hub is not enough and the production efficiency of a product is low in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: detecting the aluminum alloy bar stock, determining the components of the aluminum alloy bar stock, wherein the surface has no obvious scratch and crack and the problem of tissue segregation is avoided; then cutting the aluminum alloy bar material according to a set length to obtain an aluminum alloy blank;
step S2: heating the cut aluminum alloy blank to 180-240 ℃, and preserving heat for 15-30 min; heating the aluminum alloy blank for the first time, heating to 300-;
step S3: preheating a hub die of a forging press at the heating temperature of 200-300 ℃ for 10-20 min; placing the heated aluminum alloy blank into a hub die of a pre-forging press, pre-forging and pressing to form the aluminum alloy blank into a disc-shaped forging blank, sending the disc-shaped forging blank into an intermediate heating furnace for secondary heating and heat preservation, placing the disc-shaped forging blank into a die of a final forging press after heat preservation, and performing final forging and pressing to complete the forming of a spoke part to obtain a hub blank;
step S4: placing a hub blank in a spinning machine, spinning and forming the rim part, cutting edges and turning the hub blank after cooling, then placing the hub blank in a heating furnace at the temperature of 560 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, polishing after discharging from the furnace and cooling to obtain a hub, then placing the hub on a roller conveying line of a hub hanging device, starting a cylinder to clamp and position the hub when the hub is positioned between two push plates, then starting a vertical moving motor to enable a moving support to move downwards, starting a wheel clamping motor after a clamping block is positioned on the peripheral side of the hub, clamping the hub by the clamping block, starting the cylinder to contract to enable the push plates to move away from each other, starting the vertical moving motor to enable the moving support to move upwards, lifting the hub upwards to the upper part of a rack, starting a servo motor to erect the hub, starting a translation motor to convey the hub to a hook of a hanging chain, starting the wheel clamping motor, the clamping blocks are far away from each other, so that the hub is hung on the hook of the suspension chain;
step S5: and cleaning the hub on the suspension chain, removing polishing solution and stains on the surface of the hub, and spraying wear-resistant powder on the surface of the hub to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub.
Further, the aluminum alloy bar stock comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.9 to 7.2 percent of silicon, 0.30 to 0.33 percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of titanium, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of ferrum, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of manganese, 0.001 to 0.003 percent of calcium, 0.003 to 0.01 percent of copper, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of zinc, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of tin, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of lead, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of chromium, 0 to 0.01 percent of nickel, 0 to 0.002 percent of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum.
Further, the temperature of the secondary heating and heat preservation in the step S3 is 440-460 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min.
Further, the hub hanging device comprises a rack, a roller conveying line, a hub positioning mechanism, a sliding movement mechanism and a wheel clamping mechanism, wherein the roller conveying line is positioned inside the rack, the bottom end of the roller conveying line is fixedly connected with the rack, the hub positioning mechanism is positioned below the roller conveying line, the sliding movement mechanism is installed at the top end of the rack, and the wheel clamping mechanism is installed on one side of the sliding movement mechanism;
the wheel hub positioning mechanism comprises fixed cross rods, positioning slide rails, L-shaped frames, push plates, swing rods, connecting rods, positioning support plate plates, gears, racks and cylinders, wherein the two fixed cross rods are oppositely arranged inside the rack, two ends of each fixed cross rod are fixedly connected with the rack, the positioning slide rails are fixedly arranged above the fixed cross rods, the L-shaped frames are slidably connected above the positioning slide rails, the L-shaped frames are oppositely arranged at two sides of the roller conveying line, the push plates are fixedly arranged at the top ends of the L-shaped frames, the push plates are positioned above the roller conveying line, the positioning support plate is arranged between the two fixed cross rods and fixedly connected with the center of the bottom end of each fixed cross rod, the gears are arranged at the center of the bottom end of each positioning support plate, the swing rods are arranged at the center of the top ends of the positioning support plates, shaft rods are arranged between the gears and the swing rods, and one ends of the shaft rods are fixedly connected with the gears, the other end of the shaft lever is fixedly connected with the center of the swing rod, the shaft lever is rotatably connected with the positioning support plate, an air cylinder is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning support plate, a rack is arranged at the output end of the air cylinder, the output end of the air cylinder is fixedly connected with one end of the rack, the rack is meshed with the gear, a connecting rod is arranged at the bottom end of the L-shaped frame, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with one end of the swing rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the center of the bottom end of the L-shaped frame.
Furthermore, one side of the rack, which is far away from the gear, is provided with a limiting wheel, the center of the limiting wheel is rotatably connected with the positioning support plate, and the peripheral side of the limiting wheel is in rolling connection with the rack.
Further, the sliding movement mechanism comprises a translation motor, a translation driving pulley, a translation driven pulley, a transmission shaft, a first pulley, a second pulley, a guide rail, a horizontal sliding frame, a connecting plate, a vertical sliding frame, a threaded rod, a vertical driven pulley, a vertical moving motor, a vertical driving pulley, a baffle, a vertical slider and a movement support, wherein the translation motor is installed and fixed on one side of the frame, the translation driving pulley is installed and fixed at the output end of the translation motor, the transmission shaft is arranged above the translation motor, the first pulley is installed and fixed at two ends of the transmission shaft through the frame, the transmission shaft is rotatably connected with the frame, the translation driven pulley is arranged between the two first pulleys, the translation driven pulley is installed and fixed on the transmission shaft, the translation driving pulley is connected with the translation driven pulley through a first belt in a transmission manner, and the two second pulleys are oppositely arranged at the top end of the other side of the frame, the second belt wheel is rotatably connected with the frame, the first belt wheel is connected with the second belt wheel through a second belt in a transmission way, two guide rails which are oppositely arranged are fixed at the top end of the frame, a horizontal sliding frame is slidably connected above the guide rails, connecting plates are oppositely arranged on two sides of the horizontal sliding frame, one side of each connecting plate is fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding frame, the other side of each connecting plate is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the second belt, a vertical sliding frame is arranged at the inner center of the horizontal sliding frame, the bottom end of the vertical sliding frame is fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding frame, a vertical moving motor is fixedly installed at the top end of the vertical sliding frame, a vertical driving belt wheel is fixedly installed at the output end of the vertical moving motor, a threaded rod is arranged inside the vertical sliding frame, the bottom end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected with the vertical sliding frame, and the top end of the threaded rod penetrates through the vertical sliding frame and is fixedly installed with a vertical driven belt wheel, the vertical driven belt wheel is in transmission connection with the vertical driving belt wheel through a third belt, a vertical sliding block is in threaded connection with the threaded rod, a baffle is sleeved inside the vertical sliding block and is in sliding connection with the baffle, the two ends of the baffle are fixedly connected with the vertical sliding frame, and a moving support is fixedly arranged on one side, away from the vertical sliding frame, of the vertical sliding block.
Further, the clamping wheel mechanism comprises a rotary seat, a rotating shaft, a clamping driven belt wheel, clamping wheel motors, a clamping driving belt wheel, servo motors, a clamping wheel support, a clamping wheel rotating disc, arc grooves, a sliding rod and clamping blocks, wherein the two servo motors are oppositely arranged on two sides of the rotary seat, the output ends of the servo motors are fixedly connected with the rotary seat, the servo motors are fixedly connected with the bottom end of the moving support, the inner center of the rotary seat is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft, the top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the clamping driven belt wheel, the bottom end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the clamping wheel rotating disc, the clamping wheel rotating disc is provided with three arc grooves, the arc grooves are distributed in a circular array by taking the center of the clamping wheel rotating disc as the circle center, one side of the rotary seat is provided with the clamping wheel motors, the clamping wheel motors are fixedly connected with the rotary seat, the output ends of the clamping wheel motors are fixedly provided with the clamping driving belt wheel, the clamping driving belt wheel is in transmission connection with the clamping driven belt wheel through a fourth belt, the bottom installation of swivel mount is fixed with presss from both sides the wheel support, the bottom that presss from both sides the wheel support is equipped with three slide bars that opposition set up, slide bar and clamp wheel support sliding connection, the one end installation of slide bar is fixed with the clamp splice, and the other end of slide bar rotates installs the guide pulley, the guide pulley is located inside the arc wall, guide pulley and arc wall roll connection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the aluminum alloy blank is subjected to staged heating and heat preservation treatment, so that the aluminum alloy blank is heated more uniformly in the heating process, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the aluminum alloy blank is smaller during each heating, and after the temperature is raised to the forging temperature, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the aluminum alloy blank is smaller than 15 ℃, so that the size of internal crystal grains of the aluminum alloy blank is uniform, the phenomenon that the metallographic structure is not uniform due to the large temperature difference between the inside and the outside during one heating is effectively avoided, and the basic performance of the aluminum alloy blank is improved;
according to the invention, through two forging processes of pre-forging and final forging, secondary heating and heat preservation are carried out during the forging process, the aluminum alloy blank is formed into the hub blank, and the defects of internal cracks and the like caused by cooling and large deformation of the aluminum alloy blank in the forging process are effectively avoided; after spinning forming, cooling, trimming and turning are completed, final heat treatment after forming is carried out, and the reinforcing phase in the formed hub is effectively dissolved in the aluminum alloy matrix through heating and heat preservation at 560 ℃, so that the strength and hardness of the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub are greatly improved, and deformation abnormality in the using process is reduced;
according to the invention, by using the hub hanging device and arranging the hub positioning mechanism and the wheel clamping mechanism, the hub on the roller conveying line can be positioned and grabbed, and the grabbed hub is conveyed to the hook of the suspension chain through the sliding movement mechanism, so that manual carrying can be replaced, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the subsequent surface treatment is facilitated; after polishing, cleaning and spraying of wear-resistant powder, the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub is more attractive in appearance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hub suspension assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the hub positioning mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the hub positioning mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sliding mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the glide mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a pinch roller mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the pinch roller mechanism of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numbers indicate the following list of parts:
1. a frame; 2. a roller conveyor line; 3. a hub positioning mechanism; 301. fixing the cross bar; 302. positioning the slide rail; 303. an L-shaped frame; 304. pushing the plate; 305. a swing rod; 306. a connecting rod; 307. a positioning support plate; 308. a gear; 309. a rack; 310. a cylinder; 311. a limiting wheel; 4. a sliding movement mechanism; 401. a translation motor; 402. translating the driving pulley; 403. translating the driven pulley; 404. a drive shaft; 405. a first pulley; 406. a second pulley; 407. a guide rail; 408. a horizontal sliding rack; 409. a connecting plate; 410. a vertical sliding rack; 411. a threaded rod; 412. a vertical driven pulley; 413. vertically moving a motor; 414. a vertical drive pulley; 415. a baffle plate; 416. a vertical slide block; 417. a motion bracket; 5. a pinch roller mechanism; 501. rotating; 502. a rotating shaft; 503. a material clamping driven belt wheel; 504. a pinch roller motor; 505. a material clamping driving belt wheel; 506. a servo motor; 507. a pinch roller holder; 508. a pinch roller turntable; 5081. an arc-shaped slot; 509. a slide bar; 510. and (5) clamping blocks.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: detecting the aluminum alloy bar stock, determining the components of the aluminum alloy bar stock, and having no obvious scratch and crack on the surface and no tissue segregation problem; then cutting the aluminum alloy bar material according to a set length to obtain an aluminum alloy blank;
step S2: heating the cut aluminum alloy blank to 180 ℃, and preserving heat for 15 min; heating the aluminum alloy blank for the first time, heating to 300 ℃, then preserving heat for 15min, then heating the aluminum alloy blank for the second time, heating to 450 ℃, then preserving heat for 20min, and controlling the internal and external temperature difference of the aluminum alloy blank to be kept within 15 ℃;
step S3: preheating a hub die of a forging press at 200 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10 min; placing the heated aluminum alloy blank into a hub die of a pre-forging press, pre-forging and pressing to form the aluminum alloy blank into a disc-shaped forging blank, sending the disc-shaped forging blank into an intermediate heating furnace for secondary heating and heat preservation, placing the disc-shaped forging blank into a die of a final forging press after heat preservation, and performing final forging and pressing to complete the forming of a spoke part to obtain a hub blank;
step S4: placing the hub blank in a spinning machine, spinning and forming the rim part, cutting edges and turning the hub blank after cooling, then placing the hub blank in a heating furnace at the temperature of 560 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, polishing after discharging and cooling to obtain a hub, then placing the hub on a roller conveyor line 2 of a hub hanging device, starting a cylinder 310 to clamp and position the hub when the hub is positioned between two push plates 304, then starting a vertical moving motor 413 to enable a moving support 417 to move downwards, starting a wheel clamping motor 504 when a clamping block 510 is positioned on the peripheral side of the hub, clamping the hub by the clamping block 510, starting the cylinder 310 to contract to enable the push plates 304 to move away from each other, starting the vertical moving motor 413 to enable the moving support 417 to move upwards, lifting the hub upwards above a frame 1, starting a servo motor 506 at the same time, erecting the hub, starting a translation motor 401, and conveying the hub to a hook of a suspension chain, starting the wheel clamping motor 504 to enable the clamping blocks 510 to be away from each other, so that the wheel hub is hung on the hook of the suspension chain;
step S5: and cleaning the hub on the suspension chain, removing polishing solution and stains on the surface of the hub, and spraying wear-resistant powder on the surface of the hub to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub.
The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.9 percent of silicon, 0.3 percent of magnesium, 0.1 percent of titanium, 0.02 percent of iron, 0.01 percent of manganese, 0.001 percent of calcium, 0.003 percent of copper, 0.01 percent of zinc, 0.01 percent of tin, 0.01 percent of lead, 0.01 percent of chromium, 0.003 percent of nickel, 0.001 percent of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum.
In the step S3, the temperature of the secondary heating and heat preservation is 440 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 min.
Example 2
A forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: detecting the aluminum alloy bar stock, determining the components of the aluminum alloy bar stock, and having no obvious scratch and crack on the surface and no tissue segregation problem; then cutting the aluminum alloy bar material according to a set length to obtain an aluminum alloy blank;
step S2: heating the cut aluminum alloy blank to 210 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 min; heating the aluminum alloy blank for the first time, keeping the temperature for 20min after heating to 320 ℃, then heating the aluminum alloy blank for the second time, keeping the temperature for 30min after heating to 465 ℃, and controlling the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the aluminum alloy blank to be kept within 15 ℃;
step S3: preheating a hub die of a forging press at 250 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 15 min; placing the heated aluminum alloy blank into a hub die of a pre-forging press, pre-forging and pressing to form the aluminum alloy blank into a disc-shaped forging blank, sending the disc-shaped forging blank into an intermediate heating furnace for secondary heating and heat preservation, placing the disc-shaped forging blank into a die of a final forging press after heat preservation, and performing final forging and pressing to complete the forming of a spoke part to obtain a hub blank;
step S4: placing the hub blank in a spinning machine, spinning and forming the rim part, cutting edges and turning the hub blank after cooling, then placing the hub blank in a heating furnace at the temperature of 560 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, polishing after discharging and cooling to obtain a hub, then placing the hub on a roller conveyor line 2 of a hub hanging device, starting a cylinder 310 to clamp and position the hub when the hub is positioned between two push plates 304, then starting a vertical moving motor 413 to enable a moving support 417 to move downwards, starting a wheel clamping motor 504 when a clamping block 510 is positioned on the peripheral side of the hub, clamping the hub by the clamping block 510, starting the cylinder 310 to contract to enable the push plates 304 to move away from each other, starting the vertical moving motor 413 to enable the moving support 417 to move upwards, lifting the hub upwards above a frame 1, starting a servo motor 506 at the same time, erecting the hub, starting a translation motor 401, and conveying the hub to a hook of a suspension chain, starting the wheel clamping motor 504 to enable the clamping blocks 510 to be away from each other, so that the wheel hub is hung on the hook of the suspension chain;
step S5: and cleaning the hub on the suspension chain, removing polishing solution and stains on the surface of the hub, and spraying wear-resistant powder on the surface of the hub to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub.
The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 7% of silicon, 0.32% of magnesium, 0.12% of titanium, 0.06% of iron, 0.03% of manganese, 0.002% of calcium, 0.007% of copper, 0.02% of zinc, 0.03% of tin, 0.03% of lead, 0.03% of chromium, 0.06% of nickel, 0.001% of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum.
In the step S3, the temperature of the secondary heating and heat preservation is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 min.
Example 3
A forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: detecting the aluminum alloy bar stock, determining the components of the aluminum alloy bar stock, wherein the surface has no obvious scratch and crack and the problem of tissue segregation is avoided; then cutting the aluminum alloy bar material according to a set length to obtain an aluminum alloy blank;
step S2: heating the cut aluminum alloy blank to 240 ℃, and preserving heat for 30 min; heating the aluminum alloy blank for the first time, heating to 340 ℃, then preserving heat for 30min, then heating the aluminum alloy blank for the second time, heating to 480 ℃, then preserving heat for 40min, and controlling the internal and external temperature difference of the aluminum alloy blank to be kept within 15 ℃;
step S3: preheating a hub die of a forging press at the heating temperature of 300 ℃ for 20 min; placing the heated aluminum alloy blank into a hub die of a pre-forging press, performing pre-forging and pressing to form the aluminum alloy blank into a disc-shaped forging blank, sending the disc-shaped forging blank into an intermediate heating furnace for secondary heating and heat preservation, placing the disc-shaped forging blank into a die of a final forging press after heat preservation, performing final forging and pressing to complete the forming of a spoke part, and obtaining a hub blank;
step S4: placing the hub blank in a spinning machine, spinning and forming the rim part, cutting edges and turning the hub blank after cooling, then placing the hub blank in a heating furnace at the temperature of 560 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, polishing after discharging and cooling to obtain a hub, then placing the hub on a roller conveyor line 2 of a hub hanging device, starting a cylinder 310 to clamp and position the hub when the hub is positioned between two push plates 304, then starting a vertical moving motor 413 to enable a moving support 417 to move downwards, starting a wheel clamping motor 504 when a clamping block 510 is positioned on the peripheral side of the hub, clamping the hub by the clamping block 510, starting the cylinder 310 to contract to enable the push plates 304 to move away from each other, starting the vertical moving motor 413 to enable the moving support 417 to move upwards, lifting the hub upwards above a frame 1, starting a servo motor 506 at the same time, erecting the hub, starting a translation motor 401, and conveying the hub to a hook of a suspension chain, starting the wheel clamping motor 504 to enable the clamping blocks 510 to be away from each other, so that the wheel hub is hung on the hook of the suspension chain;
step S5: and cleaning the hub on the suspension chain, removing polishing solution and stains on the surface of the hub, and spraying wear-resistant powder on the surface of the hub to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub.
The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 7.2 percent of silicon, 0.33 percent of magnesium, 0.15 percent of titanium, 0.1 percent of iron, 0.05 percent of manganese, 0.003 percent of calcium, 0.01 percent of copper, 0.03 percent of zinc, 0.05 percent of tin, 0.05 percent of lead, 0.05 percent of chromium, 0.01 percent of nickel, 0.002 percent of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum.
In the step S3, the temperature of the secondary heating and heat preservation is 460 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 min.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the wheel hub suspension device in the above embodiment includes a frame 1, a roller conveyor line 2, a wheel hub positioning mechanism 3, a sliding movement mechanism 4 and a wheel clamping mechanism 5, where the roller conveyor line 2 is located inside the frame 1, a bottom end of the roller conveyor line 2 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, the wheel hub positioning mechanism 3 is located below the roller conveyor line 2, the sliding movement mechanism 4 is installed at a top end of the frame 1, and the wheel clamping mechanism 5 is installed at one side of the sliding movement mechanism 4;
the wheel hub positioning mechanism 3 comprises fixed cross bars 301, positioning slide rails 302, an L-shaped frame 303, a push plate 304, a swing rod 305, a connecting rod 306, a positioning support plate 307, a gear 308, a rack 309 and a cylinder 310, wherein the two fixed cross bars 301 are oppositely arranged inside the rack 1, two ends of the fixed cross bars 301 are fixedly connected with the rack 1, the positioning slide rails 302 are fixedly arranged above the fixed cross bars 301, the L-shaped frame 303 is slidably connected above the positioning slide rails 302, the L-shaped frame 303 is oppositely arranged on two sides of the roller conveying line 2, the push plate 304 is fixed at the top end of the L-shaped frame 303, the push plate 304 is positioned above the roller conveying line 2, the positioning support plate 307 is arranged between the two fixed cross bars 301, the positioning support plate 307 is fixedly connected with the bottom center of the fixed cross bars 301, the gear 308 is arranged at the bottom center of the positioning support plate 307, the swing rod 305 is arranged at the top center of the positioning support plate 307, a shaft rod is arranged between the gear 308 and the swing rod 305, one end of the shaft rod is fixedly connected with the gear 308, the other end of the shaft rod is fixedly connected with the center of the swing rod 305, the shaft rod is rotatably connected with the positioning support plate 307, an air cylinder 310 is fixedly arranged on one side of the positioning support plate 307, the output end of the air cylinder 310 is provided with a rack 309, the output end of the air cylinder 310 is fixedly connected with one end of the rack 309, the rack 309 is meshed with the gear 308, the bottom end of the L-shaped frame 303 is provided with a connecting rod 306, one end of the connecting rod 306 is rotatably connected with one end of the swing rod 305, and the other end of the connecting rod 306 is rotatably connected with the center of the bottom end of the L-shaped frame 303.
A limiting wheel 311 is arranged on one side of the rack 309, which is far away from the gear 308, the center of the limiting wheel 311 is rotatably connected with the positioning support plate 307, and the peripheral side of the limiting wheel 311 is in rolling connection with the rack 309.
The sliding movement mechanism 4 comprises a translation motor 401, a translation driving pulley 402, a translation driven pulley 403, a transmission shaft 404, a first pulley 405, a second pulley 406, a guide rail 407, a horizontal sliding frame 408, a connecting plate 409, a vertical sliding frame 410, a threaded rod 411, a vertical driven pulley 412, a vertical movement motor 413, a vertical driving pulley 414, a baffle 415, a vertical slider 416 and a movement support 417, wherein the translation motor 401 is fixedly installed on one side of the rack 1, the translation driving pulley 402 is fixedly installed at the output end of the translation motor 401, the transmission shaft 404 is arranged above the translation motor 401, two ends of the transmission shaft 404 are fixedly installed through the rack 1, the first pulleys 405 are fixedly installed on the transmission shaft 404, the transmission shaft 404 is rotatably connected with the rack 1, the translation driven pulley 403 is arranged between the two first pulleys 405, the translation driven pulley 403 is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft 404, the translation driving pulley 402 is in transmission connection with the translation driven pulley 403 through a first belt, two second belt wheels 406 are oppositely arranged at the top end of the other side of the rack 1, the second belt wheels 406 are rotatably connected with the rack 1, the first belt wheels 405 are in transmission connection with the second belt wheels 406 through second belts, two oppositely arranged guide rails 407 are fixed at the top end of the rack 1, a horizontal sliding frame 408 is slidably connected above the guide rails 407, connecting plates 409 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the horizontal sliding frame 408, one side of each connecting plate 409 is fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding frame 408, the other side of each connecting plate 409 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the second belt, a vertical sliding frame 410 is arranged at the center inside of the horizontal sliding frame 408, the bottom end of the vertical sliding frame 410 is fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding frame 408, a vertical moving motor 413 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the vertical sliding frame 410, a vertical driving belt wheel 414 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the vertical moving motor 413, a threaded rod 411 is arranged inside the vertical sliding frame 410, the bottom and the vertical carriage 410 of threaded rod 411 rotate to be connected, and the top of threaded rod 411 runs through vertical carriage 410 and the installation is fixed with vertical driven pulley 412, vertical driven pulley 412 is connected through third belt drive with vertical driving pulley 414, threaded connection has vertical slider 416 on the threaded rod 411, baffle 415 has been cup jointed to vertical slider 416 inside, vertical slider 416 and baffle 415 sliding connection, the both ends and the vertical carriage 410 fixed connection of baffle 415, one side installation that vertical carriage 410 was kept away from to vertical slider 416 is fixed with motion support 417.
The wheel clamping mechanism 5 comprises a rotary seat 501, a rotating shaft 502, a material clamping driven pulley 503, wheel clamping motors 504, a material clamping driving pulley 505, servo motors 506, a wheel clamping support 507, a wheel clamping rotary disc 508, arc-shaped grooves 5081, a sliding rod 509 and clamping blocks 510, wherein the two servo motors 506 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the rotary seat 501, the output end of each servo motor 506 is fixedly connected with the rotary seat 501, the servo motors 506 are fixedly connected with the bottom end of a moving support 417, the rotating shaft 502 is rotatably connected with the center of the interior of the rotary seat 501, the material clamping driven pulley 503 is fixedly connected with the top end of the rotating shaft 502, the wheel clamping rotary disc 508 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the rotating shaft 502, the three arc-shaped grooves 5081 are formed in the wheel clamping rotary disc 508, the arc-shaped grooves 5081 are distributed in a circular array by taking the center of the wheel clamping rotary disc 508 as a circle center, the wheel clamping motors 504 are arranged on one side of the rotary seat 501, the wheel clamping motors 504 are fixedly connected with the rotary seat 501, the material clamping driving pulley 505 is arranged at the output end of the wheel clamping motors 504, the material clamping driving pulley 505 is in transmission connection with the material clamping driven pulley 503 through a fourth belt, a clamping wheel support 507 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the rotary seat 501, three oppositely-arranged sliding rods 509 are arranged at the bottom end of the clamping wheel support 507, the sliding rods 509 are in sliding connection with the clamping wheel support 507, a clamping block 510 is fixedly mounted at one end of each sliding rod 509, a guide wheel is rotatably mounted at the other end of each sliding rod 509, the guide wheel is located inside an arc-shaped groove 5081, and the guide wheel is in rolling connection with the arc-shaped groove 5081.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the hub hanging device is used, a hub is flatly placed on the roller conveying line 2 and conveyed forwards, when the hub is located between the two push plates 304, the air cylinder 310 is started, the output end of the air cylinder 310 extends and drives the rack 309 to move, the limiting wheel 311 tightly meshes the rack 309 with the gear 308, the rack 309 drives the gear 308 to rotate, the gear 308 drives the swing rod 305 to rotate through the shaft rod, the swing rod 305 drives the connecting rod 306 to move through rotation, the connecting rod 306 drives the L-shaped frame 303 and the push plates 304 to move close to each other on the positioning slide rail 302, and the push plates 304 clamp and position the hub on the roller conveying line 2;
after the hub is positioned, the vertical moving motor 413 is started, the output end of the vertical moving motor 413 drives the vertical driving pulley 414 to rotate, the vertical driving pulley 414 drives the vertical driven pulley 412 to rotate through the third belt, the vertical driven pulley 412 drives the threaded rod 411 to rotate, the threaded rod 411 drives the vertical sliding block 416 to slide in the vertical sliding frame 410 along the baffle 415 through rotation, so as to drive the moving support 417 to move downwards, when the clamping block 510 is positioned on the peripheral side of the hub, the clamping wheel motor 504 is started, the output end of the clamping wheel motor 504 drives the clamping driving pulley 505 to rotate, the clamping driving pulley 505 drives the clamping driven pulley 503 to rotate through the fourth belt, the clamping driven pulley 503 drives the clamping wheel turntable 508 to rotate through the rotating shaft 502, the clamping wheel turntable 508 rotates and drives the sliding rod 509 to slide through the arc-shaped groove 5081 and the guide wheel, the sliding rod 509 drives the clamping blocks 510 to move close to each other, the clamping block 510 clamps the hub, starting the cylinder 310 to contract to enable the push plates 304 to move away from each other, starting the vertical movement motor 413 to enable the movement bracket 417 to move upwards to lift the wheel hub upwards to the upper side of the frame 1, simultaneously starting the servo motor 506, enabling the output end of the servo motor 506 to drive the rotary base 501 to rotate so as to erect the wheel hub, starting the translation motor 401, enabling the output end of the translation motor 401 to drive the translation driving pulley 402 to rotate, the translation driving pulley 402 to drive the translation driven pulley 403 to rotate through a first belt, the translation driven pulley 403 to drive the first pulley 405 to rotate through the transmission shaft 404, the first pulley 405 to drive the second pulley 406 to rotate through a second belt, the second pulley to drive the horizontal sliding frame 408 to slide along the guide rail 407 through the connecting plate 409, conveying the wheel hub to the hook of the suspension chain, starting the wheel clamping motor 504 to enable the clamping blocks 510 to move away from each other, and enabling the wheel hub to be hung on the hook of the suspension chain, for subsequent processing.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims (2)
1. A forging process of an aluminum alloy automobile hub is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: detecting the aluminum alloy bar stock, determining the components of the aluminum alloy bar stock, wherein the surface has no obvious scratch and crack and the problem of tissue segregation is avoided; then cutting the aluminum alloy bar material according to a set length to obtain an aluminum alloy blank;
the aluminum alloy bar comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.9 to 7.2 percent of silicon, 0.30 to 0.33 percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of titanium, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of ferrum, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of manganese, 0.001 to 0.003 percent of calcium, 0.003 to 0.01 percent of copper, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of zinc, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of tin, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of lead, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of chromium, 0 to 0.01 percent of nickel, 0 to 0.002 percent of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum;
step S2: heating the cut aluminum alloy blank to 180-240 ℃, and preserving heat for 15-30 min; heating the aluminum alloy blank for the first time, heating to 300-340 ℃, then preserving heat for 15-30min, then heating the aluminum alloy blank for the second time, heating to 450-480 ℃, then preserving heat for 20-40min, and controlling the internal and external temperature difference of the aluminum alloy blank to be kept within 15 ℃;
step S3: preheating a hub die of a forging press at the heating temperature of 200-300 ℃ for 10-20 min; placing the heated aluminum alloy blank into a hub die of a pre-forging press, performing pre-forging and pressing to form the aluminum alloy blank into a disc-shaped forging blank, sending the disc-shaped forging blank into an intermediate heating furnace for secondary heating and heat preservation, placing the disc-shaped forging blank into a die of a final forging press after heat preservation, performing final forging and pressing to complete the forming of a spoke part, and obtaining a hub blank;
step S4: placing a hub blank in a spinning machine, spinning and forming a rim part, cutting edges and turning the hub blank after cooling, then placing the hub blank in a heating furnace at the temperature of 560 ℃, preserving heat for 5h, polishing after discharging and cooling to obtain a hub, then placing the hub on a roller conveying line (2) of a hub hanging device, starting a cylinder (310) to clamp and position the hub when the hub is positioned between two push plates (304), then starting a vertical moving motor (413) to enable a moving support (417) to move downwards, starting a wheel clamping motor (504) when a clamping block (510) is positioned on the peripheral side of the hub, clamping the hub by the clamping block (510), starting the cylinder (310) to shrink to enable the push plates (304) to move away from each other, starting the vertical moving motor (413) to enable the moving support (417) to move upwards, lifting the hub upwards to the upper part of a rack (1), and starting a servo motor (506), erecting the hub, starting a translation motor (401), conveying the hub to a hook of a suspension chain, starting a wheel clamping motor (504), enabling clamping blocks (510) to be away from each other, and enabling the hub to be suspended on the hook of the suspension chain;
the wheel hub hanging device comprises a rack (1), a roller conveying line (2), a wheel hub positioning mechanism (3), a sliding movement mechanism (4) and a wheel clamping mechanism (5), wherein the roller conveying line (2) is located inside the rack (1), the bottom end of the roller conveying line (2) is fixedly connected with the rack (1), the wheel hub positioning mechanism (3) is located below the roller conveying line (2), the sliding movement mechanism (4) is installed at the top end of the rack (1), and the wheel clamping mechanism (5) is installed on one side of the sliding movement mechanism (4);
the wheel hub positioning mechanism (3) comprises fixed cross rods (301), positioning slide rails (302), L-shaped frames (303), push plates (304), swing rods (305), connecting rods (306), positioning support plate (307), gears (308), racks (309) and cylinders (310), wherein the two fixed cross rods (301) are oppositely arranged inside the rack (1), two ends of each fixed cross rod (301) are fixedly connected with the rack (1), the positioning slide rails (302) are fixedly arranged above the fixed cross rods (301), the L-shaped frames (303) are slidably connected above the positioning slide rails (302), the L-shaped frames (303) are oppositely arranged on two sides of the roller conveying line (2), the push plates (304) are fixed at the top ends of the L-shaped frames (303), the push plates (304) are positioned above the roller conveying line (2), the positioning support plate (307) is arranged between the two fixed cross rods (301), the positioning support plate (307) is fixedly connected with the bottom center of the fixed cross rod (301), a gear (308) is arranged at the bottom center of the positioning support plate (307), a swing rod (305) is arranged at the top center of the positioning support plate (307), a shaft rod is arranged between the gear (308) and the swing rod (305), one end of the shaft rod is fixedly connected with the gear (308), the other end of the shaft rod is fixedly connected with the center of the swing rod (305), the shaft rod is rotatably connected with the positioning support plate (307), an air cylinder (310) is fixedly arranged on one side of the positioning support plate (307), a rack (309) is arranged at the output end of the air cylinder (310), the output end of the air cylinder (310) is fixedly connected with one end of the rack (309), the rack (309) is meshed with the gear (308), a connecting rod (306) is arranged at the bottom end of the L-shaped frame (303), one end of the connecting rod (306) is rotatably connected with one end of the swing rod (305), the other end of the connecting rod (306) is rotatably connected with the bottom center of the L-shaped frame (303);
a limiting wheel (311) is arranged on one side, away from the gear (308), of the rack (309), the center of the limiting wheel (311) is rotatably connected with the positioning support plate (307), and the peripheral side of the limiting wheel (311) is in rolling connection with the rack (309);
the sliding movement mechanism (4) comprises a translation motor (401), a translation driving pulley (402), a translation driven pulley (403), a transmission shaft (404), a first pulley (405), a second pulley (406), a guide rail (407), a horizontal sliding frame (408), a connecting plate (409), a vertical sliding frame (410), a threaded rod (411), a vertical driven pulley (412), a vertical movement motor (413), a vertical driving pulley (414), a baffle (415), a vertical slider (416) and a movement support (417), wherein the translation motor (401) is fixedly arranged on one side of the rack (1), the translation driving pulley (402) is fixedly arranged at the output end of the translation motor (401), the transmission shaft (404) is arranged above the translation motor (401), the first pulley (405) is fixedly arranged at two ends of the transmission shaft (404) in a penetrating mode through the rack (1), and the transmission shaft (404) is rotatably connected with the rack (1), a translational driven belt wheel (403) is arranged between the two first belt wheels (405), the translational driven belt wheel (403) is fixedly arranged on a transmission shaft (404), a translational driving belt wheel (402) is in transmission connection with the translational driven belt wheel (403) through a first belt, two second belt wheels (406) are oppositely arranged at the top end of the other side of the rack (1), the second belt wheels (406) are rotatably connected with the rack (1), the first belt wheels (405) are in transmission connection with the second belt wheels (406) through a second belt, two oppositely arranged guide rails (407) are fixed at the top end of the rack (1), a horizontal sliding frame (408) is slidably connected above the guide rails (407), connecting plates (409) are oppositely arranged at two sides of the horizontal sliding frame (408), one side of each connecting plate (409) is fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding frame (408), and the other side of each connecting plate (409) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the second belt, a vertical sliding frame (410) is arranged at the center inside the horizontal sliding frame (408), the bottom end of the vertical sliding frame (410) is fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding frame (408), a vertical moving motor (413) is fixedly installed at the top end of the vertical sliding frame (410), a vertical driving belt pulley (414) is fixedly installed at the output end of the vertical moving motor (413), a threaded rod (411) is arranged inside the vertical sliding frame (410), the bottom end of the threaded rod (411) is rotatably connected with the vertical sliding frame (410), the top end of the threaded rod (411) penetrates through the vertical sliding frame (410) and is fixedly installed with a vertical driven belt pulley (412), the vertical driven belt pulley (412) is in transmission connection with the vertical driving belt pulley (414) through a third belt, a vertical sliding block (416) is connected onto the threaded rod (411) in a threaded manner, a baffle plate (415) is sleeved inside the vertical sliding block (416), and the vertical sliding block (416) is in sliding connection with the baffle plate (415), two ends of the baffle (415) are fixedly connected with the vertical sliding frame (410), and a moving support (417) is fixedly arranged on one side of the vertical sliding block (416) far away from the vertical sliding frame (410);
the clamping wheel mechanism (5) comprises a rotary seat (501), a rotary shaft (502), a clamping driven pulley (503), a clamping wheel motor (504), a clamping driving pulley (505), servo motors (506), a clamping wheel support (507), a clamping wheel turntable (508), an arc-shaped groove (5081), a sliding rod (509) and clamping blocks (510), wherein the two servo motors (506) are oppositely arranged on two sides of the rotary seat (501), the output end of each servo motor (506) is fixedly connected with the rotary seat (501), the servo motors (506) are fixedly connected with the bottom end of a moving support (417), the inner center of the rotary seat (501) is rotatably connected with the rotary shaft (502), the top end of the rotary shaft (502) is fixedly connected with the clamping driven pulley (503), the bottom end of the rotary shaft (502) is fixedly connected with the clamping wheel turntable (508), three arc-shaped grooves (5081) are formed in the clamping wheel turntable (508), and the arc-shaped grooves (5081) are distributed in a circular array by taking the center of the clamping wheel turntable (508) as the circle center, a clamping wheel motor (504) is arranged on one side of the rotating base (501), the clamping wheel motor (504) is fixedly connected with the rotating base (501), a clamping driving pulley (505) is fixedly installed at the output end of the clamping wheel motor (504), the clamping driving pulley (505) is in transmission connection with a clamping driven pulley (503) through a fourth belt, a clamping wheel support (507) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rotating base (501), three opposite sliding rods (509) are arranged at the bottom end of the clamping wheel support (507), the sliding rods (509) are in sliding connection with the clamping wheel support (507), a clamping block (510) is fixedly installed at one end of each sliding rod (509), a guide wheel is rotatably installed at the other end of each sliding rod (509), the guide wheel is located in an arc-shaped groove (5081), and the guide wheel is in rolling connection with the arc-shaped groove (5081);
step S5: and cleaning the hub on the suspension chain, removing polishing solution and stains on the surface of the hub, and spraying wear-resistant powder on the surface of the hub to obtain the finished product of the aluminum alloy automobile hub.
2. The forging process of the aluminum alloy automobile hub according to claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the temperature of the secondary heating and heat preservation is 440-460 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-10 min.
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| CN114196855A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 河北唐兴合金科技有限公司 | Anti-fatigue high-bearing-capacity aluminum alloy hub and forging process thereof |
| CN114226631B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-06-24 | 宁波自由者汽车部件有限公司 | Passenger automobile hub machining and forging equipment |
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