CN112791125A - 一种治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂及其制备方法,中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:三七1‑10份,川芎3‑20份,延胡索5‑15份,白芍3‑20份,茯苓1‑15份,黄芩5‑20份,麻黄5‑20份,薄荷冰5‑15份;制备方法包括以下步骤:将三七粉碎成细粉;将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用乙醇回流提取,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.1‑2.3的清膏;将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.5‑1.8的清膏;将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂。行气活血、温经散寒、通络止痛,温补肾阳,多味药物共同作用,达到标本兼治,治疗坐骨神经痛的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
坐骨神经痛是以坐骨神经径路及分布区域疼痛为主的综合征。坐骨神经痛的绝大多数病例是继发于坐骨神经局部及周围结构的病变对坐骨神经的刺激压迫与损害,称为继发坐骨神经痛;少数系原发性,即坐骨神经炎。有研究统计40%左右的人群都增有过坐骨神经痛的症状。坐骨神经痛并不是某一特定的疾病,而是因神经根收到压迫引起的一种沿着坐骨神经的通路传递,由腰骶部经臀部向下肢放射至小腿甚至足踝部的烧灼样、刀割样疼痛、麻木等临床症候群。坐骨神经痛属于中医麻痹范畴,临床用药多以行气活血、温经散寒、通络止痛的方药,近年来传统的中医公开了多种配方,治疗坐骨神经痛的中药配方均各不相同,治疗效果也不尽相同,但是都存在治疗效果不明显的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂及其制备方法,解决现有药物对坐骨神经痛的作用效果不明显的问题,提供一种具有综合改善坐骨神经痛且安全高效、质量有保证的中药制剂。
具体地,本发明的技术方案如下所述:
在本发明的第一方面,提供一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七1-10份,川芎3-20份,延胡索5-15份,白芍3-20份,茯苓1-15份,黄芩5-20份,麻黄5-20份,薄荷冰5-15份。
在本发明的第二方面,提供第一方面所述治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将三七粉碎成细粉;
(2)将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用乙醇回流提取,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.1-2.3的清膏;
(3)将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.5-1.8的清膏;
将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗颈源性背痛的中药制剂。
将各个组分的功效现代药理研究概述如下:
三七:气微,味苦而后微甜;性温,味甘、微苦;归肝经、胃经;散瘀止血、消肿定痛;属止血药下属分类的化瘀止血药;用治咯血、吐血、衄血、便血、崩漏、外伤出血、胸腹刺痛、跌扑肿痛。
川芎:气浓香,味苦、辛,稍有麻舌感,微回甜;性温,味辛;归肝经、胆经、心包经。活血行气,祛风止痛;属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血止痛药;用于胸痹心痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,月经不调,经闭痛经,瘾瘕腹痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。
延胡索:气微,味极苦;性温,味辛、苦;归肝经、脾经;活血散瘀、理气止痛;属活血化瘀药下分类的活血止痛药;治疗全身各部气滞血瘀之痛、痛经、经闭、症瘕、产后瘀阻、跌扑损伤、疝气作痛。
白芍:气无,味微苦而酸;性微寒,味苦、酸;归肝经、脾经;平肝止痛、养血调经、敛阴止汗;属补虚药下属分类的补血药;用治头痛眩晕、胸胁疼痛、泻痢腹痛、自汗盗汗、阴虚发热、月经不调、崩漏、带下等。
茯苓:无臭,味淡,嚼之粘牙;性平,味甘、淡;归心经、肺经、脾经、肾经;利水渗湿、健脾宁心;属利水渗湿药下属分类的利水消肿药;用治水肿尿少、痰饮眩悸、脾虚食少、便溏泄泻、心神不安、惊悸失眠。
黄芩:气微,味苦。性寒,味苦;归肺经、胆经、脾经、大肠经、小肠经;清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎;属清热药下属分类的清热燥湿药;用治湿温、暑温胸闷呕恶、湿热痞满、泻痢、黄疸、肺热咳嗽、高热烦渴、血热吐衄、痈肿疮毒、胎动不安。
麻黄:气微香,味涩、微苦。性温,味辛、微苦;归肺经、膀胱经;发汗散寒、宣肺平喘、利水消肿;属解表药下属分类的辛温解表药;用治风寒感冒、胸闷喘咳、风水浮肿、支气管哮喘。多用治表症已解、气喘咳嗽。
本发明的具体实施方式具有以下有益效果:
本发明的用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂中,三七含有三七总皂苷,可以活血祛瘀,通脉活络的作用,川芎中含有阿魏酸等有效成分,可以活血行气,祛风止痛;延胡索中含有延胡索乙素等有效成分,能够活血散瘀、理气止痛;白芍中的芍药苷等成分则可以养血平肝;这些能够活血止痛的药物结合在一起,共同起到行气活血、温经散寒、通络止痛的作用。另外结合利水渗湿、健脾宁心的茯苓,清热燥湿的黄芩,以及发汗散寒、利水消肿的麻黄,温补肾阳,多味药物共同作用,达到标本兼治,治疗坐骨神经痛的目的。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术中论述的,现有技术中西药治疗多采用镇痛药,神经营养药物,糖皮质激素等进行治疗但是这些治疗方法往往只能在短时间内缓解疼痛等症状,治疗作用效果不明显;而手术治疗则创伤较大,并且花费较高,不适用于所有人群。
本发明公开了一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,由三七、川芎、延胡索、白芍、茯苓、黄芩、麻黄和薄荷冰制成,三七中含有的三七总皂苷可以活血祛瘀,通脉活络的作用,川芎中含有阿魏酸等有效成分,可以活血行气,祛风止痛;延胡索中含有延胡索乙素等有效成分,能够活血散瘀、理气止痛;白芍中的芍药苷等成分则可以养血平肝;这些能够活血止痛的药物结合在一起,共同起到行气活血、温经散寒、通络止痛的作用。另外结合利水渗湿、健脾宁心的茯苓,清热燥湿的黄芩,以及发汗散寒、利水消肿的麻黄,温补肾阳,多味药物共同作用,达到标本兼治,治疗坐骨神经痛的目的。
并且通过对这些药材的加工处理,将药物中的有效成分充分提取出来,能够更好地促进人体对药物中有效成分的吸收和利用,增强治疗效果。
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七1-10份,川芎3-20份,延胡索5-15份,白芍3-20份,茯苓1-15份,黄芩5-20份,麻黄5-20份,薄荷冰5-15份;
在一种具体的实施方式中,所述用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七2-8份,川芎5-15份,延胡索7-12份,白芍5-15份,茯苓3-10份,黄芩7-15份,麻黄5-15份,薄荷冰7-12份;
优选的,所述用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七4.5份,川芎6.0份,延胡索8.0份,白芍12.5份,茯苓5.5份,黄芩11.5份,麻黄9.5份,薄荷冰8.5份。
在一种或多种具体的实施方式中,所述用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂任何一种药剂学上许可的剂型。
优选的,所述剂型包括颗粒剂,液体制剂,片剂,胶囊剂,膏剂和丸剂。
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种上述治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将三七粉碎成细粉;
(2)将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用乙醇回流提取,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.1-2.3的清膏;
(3)将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.5-1.8的清膏;
将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗颈源性背痛的中药制剂。
优选的,步骤(1)中将三七粉碎成50-80目细粉;
优选的,步骤(2)中用乙醇回流提取,中药与乙醇的质量比为1:2~4,回流时间为2.5~4.5小时;
优选的,步骤(3)中将加水煎煮两次,第一次1小时,第二次1小时。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1
一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七4.5份,川芎6.0份,延胡索8.0份,白芍12.5份,茯苓5.5份,黄芩11.5份,麻黄9.5份,薄荷冰8.5份;
上述中药制剂的制备方法为:
(1)将三七粉碎成50-80目细粉;
(2)将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用三倍质量的乙醇回流提取3.5小时,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.2的清膏;
(3)将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,第一次1小时,第二次1小时,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.6的清膏;
将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗颈源性背痛的中药制剂。
实施例2
一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七5.0份,川芎7.0份,延胡索9.5份,白芍13份,茯苓6.5份,黄芩12.0份,麻黄10.0份,薄荷冰9.0份;
上述中药制剂的制备方法为:
(1)将三七粉碎成50-80目细粉;
(2)将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用三倍质量的乙醇回流提取3.5小时,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.1的清膏;
(3)将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,第一次1小时,第二次1小时,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.5的清膏;
将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗颈源性背痛的中药制剂。
实施例3
一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七4.5份,川芎5.5份,延胡索7.0份,白芍11.5份,茯苓5.0份,黄芩11.0份,麻黄9.0份,薄荷冰8.0份;
上述中药制剂的制备方法为:
(1)将三七粉碎成50-80目细粉;
(2)将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用三倍质量的乙醇回流提取3.5小时,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.3的清膏;
(3)将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,第一次1小时,第二次1小时,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.7的清膏;
将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗颈源性背痛的中药制剂。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于:省略三七,其他组分的组成及制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于:省略川芎,其他组分的组成及制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于:省略延胡索,其他组分的组成及制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例4
与实施例1的区别在于:省略白芍,其他组分的组成及制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例5
与实施例1的区别在于:省略茯苓、黄芩和麻黄,其他组分的组成及制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例6
与实施例1的区别在于:采用CN1228071C中记载的方法制备的中药制剂。
急性毒性试验:
SPF级SD大鼠,由广东省医学实验动物中心提供。
选择20只120-150g的SD大鼠,大鼠6-8周龄,雌雄各半,同次试验体重相差不超过10g。大鼠购入后,在实验室观察一周。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-7制得的药物制剂对大鼠进行灌胃处理,24h内连续灌胃3次,灌胃药量为100mg/kg,每次间隔4h。给药后7天内,观察大鼠饮食和行为活动均正常,体重逐日增加,偶见相互厮打现象,无特殊不良表现,未见毒性反应。第8d时处死大鼠,行大体解剖和病理组织学检查,观察主要脏器病理,未见异常,表明本发明的中药组合物无急性毒性反应。
长期毒性试验:
选择30只120-150g SD大鼠,大鼠6-8周龄,雌雄各半。试验大鼠均健康无病、检疫合格。
大鼠的饲养条件为:通风良好,饲养室的换气次数为12次/h,气流速度15cm/s;光照为12h明,12h暗。饲养环境清洁,饲养环境温度为25-30℃,湿度为40%-50%。室内噪声在50dB以下,雌雄分养。食物清洁,无霉变,且符合大鼠的生理需求;饮水洁净。
将实施例1-3,对比例1-7制得的药物制剂按照25mg/kg/天、50mg/kg/天、100mg/kg/天三个剂量组连续灌胃给药2个月。
观察大鼠一般情况如进食、体重、外观体征和行为活动及大便情况。测定血液学及生化相关指标并行系统解剖及组织病理学检查。结果可见大鼠一般情况良好,未见明显变化。肝肾功能未见异常,说明上述中药组合物安全无毒性。
坐骨神经痛大鼠模型的建立
Wistar大鼠110只,雄性,体重200-250g,将大鼠麻醉后,切开臀部皮肤,钝性分离肌肉后,小心分离坐骨神经干,从坐骨神经三叉分支处向中端每隔1mm用制的损毁夹夹75s,共夹4个点,共5min,夹力为50g,被夹的坐骨神经的长度约5-6mm;随后缝合皮肤;术部一次撒入青霉素粉剂防止感染。
观测指标与分析
痛阈值测定:用RTY-1型热痛测试仪测定。结果显示:如果以手术侧(右侧)的痛阈的差值作为观察指标,从手术后第3天起差值与术前比较有统计学差异(P<0.01);术后第5、7、9、11、13、15天的痛阈差值有差异(P≤0.05),术后第17天到第30天的差值阈作为观察指标,则可见两条曲线间有非常显著的差异(P<0.01),即造模成功。
将造模成功的大鼠每11只为一组,随机分为11组,将实施例1-3和对比例1-7制备的中药制剂对造模大鼠进行灌胃,每日早晚各一次,灌胃剂量为50mg/kg,灌胃持续4周,对照组进行生理盐水灌胃;每周进行手术侧的机械刺激痛觉过敏测试,得到的测试结果如下表所示:
表1
已经测得同批次未进行坐骨神经痛造模的大鼠后肢的机械刺激回缩阈值为760±50,结合上表的数据可以看出,本发明实施例1-3组经过4周的治疗,机械刺激痛觉敏感的程度明显降低,机械刺激回缩阈值基本恢复到520左右,但是对比例1-4在分别省略了三七、川芎、延胡索、白芍后对大鼠的坐骨神经痛缓解作用均有所下降,对比例5在同时省略茯苓、黄芩和麻黄三味药后,对大鼠的坐骨神经痛缓解作用大大下降。对比例6采用了专利CN1228071C中记载的治疗颈椎病的中药制剂,可以看出其对于坐骨神经痛的治疗作用较差。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七1-10份,川芎3-20份,延胡索5-15份,白芍3-20份,茯苓1-15份,黄芩5-20份,麻黄5-20份,薄荷冰5-15份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七2-8份,川芎5-15份,延胡索7-12份,白芍5-15份,茯苓3-10份,黄芩7-15份,麻黄5-15份,薄荷冰7-12份。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:
三七4.5份,川芎6.0份,延胡索8.0份,白芍12.5份,茯苓5.5份,黄芩11.5份,麻黄9.5份,薄荷冰8.5份。
4.权利要求1-3任一权利要求所述的治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂的剂型包括任何一种药剂学上许可的剂型。
5.权利要求4所述的治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述剂型包括颗粒剂,液体制剂,片剂,胶囊剂,膏剂和丸剂。
6.权利要求1-3任一权利要求所述的治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将三七粉碎成细粉;
(2)将延胡索、川芎、麻黄用乙醇回流提取,弃去残渣,提取液回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度2.1-2.3的清膏;
(3)将白芍、茯苓、黄芩加水煎煮两次,滤液合并、浓缩、醇沉,回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度1.5-1.8的清膏;
将上述清膏合并,加入三七粉、薄荷冰,混合均匀,干燥,再粉碎成细粉,即可获得治疗坐骨神经痛的中药制剂。
7.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,步骤(1)中将三七粉碎成50-80目细粉。
8.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中用乙醇回流提取,中药与乙醇的质量比为1:2~4,回流时间为2.5~4.5小时。
9.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,步骤(3)中将加水煎煮两次,第一次1小时,第二次1小时。
10.权利要求1-3任一所述的中药制剂在制备治疗坐骨神经痛药物中的应用。
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