CN112787590A - 配备有光伏装置的面板 - Google Patents

配备有光伏装置的面板 Download PDF

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CN112787590A
CN112787590A CN202110176130.0A CN202110176130A CN112787590A CN 112787590 A CN112787590 A CN 112787590A CN 202110176130 A CN202110176130 A CN 202110176130A CN 112787590 A CN112787590 A CN 112787590A
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雷诺·维尼亚尔
劳伦特·杰龙
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ArcelorMittal SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种配备有光伏装置的面板，该光伏装置由偶数数目的光伏模块的行构成，行基本上平行于面板的纵向边缘而对齐，每行在其每个端部上包括电极，一个端部的电极的极性与另一个端部的电极的极性相反，两个相邻行的极的极性相反，当电极为一个极性时其是公连接器的形式且当电极为相反极性时其是母连接器的形式并且公连接器和母连接器被布置成使得当上方面板的下横向边缘与下方面板的上横向边缘重叠时公连接器和母连接器彼此嵌合。本发明还涉及一种根据本发明的面板的组件，一种能够连接至转换器的、包括根据本发明的组件的电气装置以及一种用于将包括根据本发明的组件的面板电连接至转换器的方法。

Description

配备有光伏装置的面板
本申请为于2016年12月30日提交、申请号为201580036268.3、发明名称为“配备有光伏装置的面板”的中国专利申请的分案申请。所述母案申请的国际申请日为2015年7月1日，国际申请号为PCT/IB2015/001092。
技术领域
本发明涉及配备有光伏装置的建筑物外部墙面面板。这种类型的面板主要旨在但不限于光伏屋顶的建造。
背景技术
下述操作是已知的：给建筑物的屋顶配备彼此电连接的一组光伏模块，使得能够生成电能。
光伏模块由串联连接的一组光伏单元形成。更具体地，所述单元布置成行，其中行彼此连接以形成一种折叠带。每个模块在其外围上具有彼此接近的、+输出和-输出形式的两个电极。
在屋顶上的模块装配期间，寻求一方面使线缆的长度最小化，并且另一方面防止线缆形成干扰能量生成的感应环。
为此，特别地根据CN103151409已知：如图1所示地那样对模块进行“水平地”布线。在第一列，模块(其电极位于上部)串联连接。该列连接至由彼此串联连接且其电极位于下部的模块构成的上一列。这种类型的布线使得具有尺寸较小的感应环，但是其具有若干缺点：
-两个连续的模块在背面连接，这可能需要进入屋顶板(sous-toiture)；
-如果希望在屋顶安装奇数数目的模块的列，则布线变得更复杂并且需要大量线缆；
-线缆从屋顶的侧面出来，这也要求进入屋顶板以将线缆连接至电网。
根据WO2011/144546，下述情况也是已知的：可以经由连接系统来对模块进行布线，该连接系统允许在屋脊部将光伏设备连接至电子电力转换器。然而，这种连接系统使两个相邻屋顶元件的电连接复杂。在光伏屋顶的安装期间，装配两个纵向相邻的面板之后、在该两个面板电连接之前，必须手动地执行多个步骤。必须横跨两个相邻面板放置盒子，在支撑件上安装电导体，注入硅凝胶等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过提供一种配备有光伏装置的建筑物外部墙面面板来弥补上述问题，该建筑物外部墙面面板通过使得在工地执行的操作最小化以及通过简化剩余操作来方便光伏屋顶的安装。
为此，本发明的第一目的在于一种配备有由偶数数目的光伏模块的行构成的光伏装置的面板，行基本上平行于面板的一个纵向边缘而对齐，每行在其每个端部上包括电极，一个端部的电极的极性与另一个端部的电极的极性相反并且两个相邻行的极的极性相反，当电极为一个极性时其是公连接器的形式，且当电极为相反极性时其是母连接器的形式，并且公连接器和母连接器被布置成使得当上方面板的下横向边缘与下方面板的上横向边缘重叠时公连接器和母连接器彼此嵌合。
根据本发明的面板还可以包括单独的或组合的以下可选择的特征：
-面板由成形金属板制成；
-光伏模块是胶合至面板的柔性带；
-光伏模块通过利用真空沉积方法连续沉积性质合适的层而直接实现在面板上；
-行彼此未电连接；
-行的长度相同并且它们的端部基本上平行于面板的横向边缘而对齐。
本发明的第二目的在于根据本发明的面板的组件，通过将面板的纵向边缘和/或面板的横向边缘进行边缘重叠而使得面板并列以形成纵向方向上的光伏模块。
本发明的第三目的在于一种可以连接至转换器的电气装置，该电气装置包括沿着给定斜坡倾斜的根据本发明的组件，其中：
-在组件的斜坡的底部处，第一列的下端的电极电连接至第二列的下端的电极，等等；
-在给定列的两个相邻面板的边缘重叠部分处，上方面板的每行的下端的电极连接至下方面板上的相反极性的相对电极；
-在顶部处，列的上端的电极以与在斜坡的底部处的连接类似的方式彼此连接，或连接至转换器。
本发明的第四目的在于一种将沿着斜坡倾斜的根据本发明的组件的构成面板电连接至转换器的方法，该方法包括下述步骤：
-在组件的斜坡的底部处，将第一列的下端的电极电连接至第二列的下端的电极，以此类推；
-在给定列的两个相邻面板的边缘重叠部分处，将上方面板的每行的下端的电极连接至下方面板上的相反极性的相对电极；
-在顶部处，将列的上端的电极以与在斜坡的底部处的连接类似的方式彼此连接，或连接至转换器。
附图说明
通过阅读以下描述，本发明的其他特性和优点将变得清晰。
通过参照附图、阅读旨在是说明性的而非限制性的以下描述，将更好地理解本发明，在附图中：
图1是根据现有技术的面板的组件的示意图；
图2是根据本发明的一个变体的面板的透视示意图；
图3是根据本发明的一个变体的面板的组件的示意图；
图4是根据本发明的一个变体的面板的组件的示意图。
相同的附图标记在每个附图中表示相同的元素。
具体实施方式
在整个文本中，面板表示具有平坦的形状的元件，即它的厚度相比于它的其他维度较小。面板可以具有由单一材料或者复合组件构成的板或片的形式。在复合组件的情况下，面板是相同材料或不同材料的多个层的堆叠。所讨论的材料主要可以是金属材料、聚合物或甚至陶瓷。可以以非限制性示例的目的列举一些金属材料，如钢、铝、铜和锌。面板优选地为金属板。优选地，该金属板由预先电镀或者预先涂漆的钢制成以保护它免受腐蚀。面板可以可选择地在它的底面上发泡，从而构成夹心面板的外部墙面。
在本发明的框架中，面板将优选地借助于任何已知成形方法预先成形，已知成形方法包括作为非限制性示例而列举的折叠、滚轧成形(profilage)、冲压或模制。
这种成形特别将导致面板的表面上形成凸纹。在整个文本中，凸纹表示形成于面板表面的突起。，例如，凸纹可以是如在下述示例性实施方案的情况下的梯形形状、或者是矩形形状、波纹形状、正弦形状或甚至Ω形状。凸纹包括上部中心部分和两个侧翼。
为了形成屋顶或立面，通过将面板的纵向边缘和面板的横向边缘进行边缘重叠来装配面板并且通过紧固装置(比如螺钉、钉子或铆钉)将面板固定于建筑物的支撑结构。
在整个文本中，光伏模块表示能够将太阳能转换为电能的组件并且由将彼此间电连接的光伏单元与外界隔离的保护屏障来界定。
参照图2，面板1主要由第一纵向边缘2、至少部分地由光伏装置覆盖的中心部分3和第二纵向边缘4构成。
光伏装置由布置在面板上表面的、偶数数目的光伏模块的行5构成。每行包括由光伏单元6的组件形成的至少一个光伏模块。借助于非限制性示例，它可以是以胶合至面板的中心部分的柔性带的形式的模块或者是通过使用真空沉积方法连续沉积性质合适的层而直接实现在面板的中心部分上的模块。
在每个光伏模块中，这些光伏单元的布置和组织不受限制。借助于非限制性示例，这些单元可以被布置成在单列中一个位于另一个之下或者可以布置在多个列中，该多个列彼此连接以形成一种折叠带。优选地，以及为了方便通过真空沉积方法将光伏模块直接实现在面板上，单元布置在单列中。
因此，光伏模块的行5可以是单片的，换而言之，其以单独一个部件制成，或者可以由端对端对齐放置的多个光伏模块构成。两个连续的光伏模块通过下述操作而端对端放置：在一个模块的最后一个光伏单元和另一模块的第一光伏单元之间建立电接触，使得两个单元串联连接。
行基本上平行于面板的纵向边缘而对齐。优选地，行的长度相同并且它们的端部基本上平行于面板的横向边缘而对齐以方便连接两个相邻面板的行。
如下文将要描述的，为了方便面板的组件的布线，光伏装置还具有以下特征：
-偶数数目的行；
-每行在其每个端部上包括电极7，一个端部的电极的极性与另一个端部的电极的极性相反；
-两个相邻的行的电极的极性相反。
当面板安装在建筑物上时，面板上表面的电极的存在方便模块彼此连接。不再需要进入屋顶板(sous-toiture)以进行布线。
优选地，面板的行彼此未电连接。行之间的电连接仅在面板如下文将要描述的装配之后进行。这简化了工厂中面板的制造并且使得可以使得根据装配的特异性来在现场调整布线。
每行在其一个端部上包括用作第一电极的公连接器并且在其另一个端部上包括用作第二电极的母连接器，这两个连接器被布置成使得当上方面板的下横向边缘与下方面板的上横向边缘重叠时，它们彼此嵌合。嵌合表示当两个相邻面板接合时公连接器的一部分插入母连接器的一部分，使得在该两个面板装配至屋顶的同时该两个面板电连接，而不需要执行另外的步骤，比如作为例子的两个电缆的手动连接。为此，公连接器的一部分具有与母连接器的一部分互补的形式。优选地，公连接器和母连接器的轴被调节成使得两个面板容易靠近/接合。优选地，该轴垂直于面板而定向。这种类型的连接方便在建筑物上装配面板并且简化了光伏设施的布线。
母连接器可以例如包括位于面板的下横向边缘处且包括母插头的盒，该母插头的轴垂直于面板而定向。在这种情况下，相应的公连接器包括轴垂直于面板而定向的、位于上横向边缘处的公插头。在通过沿着垂直于下方面板而定向的轴平移来安装上面板时，公连接器和母连接器彼此嵌合。
如下所述且如图3所示的，根据本发明的面板优选地在工厂中制造，然后在装配之前运输至工地。一方面，在工厂中制造整个面板使得可以保证面板的质量以及其正常工作，并且另一方面，由于在单个步骤中安装建筑物的外部墙面和光伏组件而使在工地的装配操作最小化。
优选地，每个用于给定组件的面板均具有第一行5，在该第一行5中的每个电极7具有与另一面板的第一行的相应极相同的极性。然而，面板的尺寸和面板的光伏模块的行的数目可以变化。
在要被覆盖的建筑物的结构8上，第一面板1通过紧固装置(比如螺钉、钉子或甚至铆钉)来固定。优选地，面板定向成使得它的纵向边缘在斜坡的方向上延伸。这种定向方便组件上的雨水排出并且保持组件的密封性。
然后，一个或更多个面板布置在第一面板周围并且彼此装配：
-通过将相邻面板的横向边缘进行边缘重叠而形成光伏模块的列，使得上方面板的光伏模块的行的下端的每个电极面向下方面板的行的上端的相反极性的电极；
-和/或通过将相邻面板的纵向边缘进行边缘重叠来增加列的数目。
因此，光伏模块的列被限定为光伏模块的行在纵向方向上的并列。根据要被覆盖的结构的形状和局部限制(比如，存在例如窗户、门或烟囱)，面板的列的长度可以变化。
以这种方式，通过形成多个光伏模块的列9而实现面板的组件。因为每个面板配备有偶数数目的光伏模块的行，所以列的数目为偶数。每列的光伏模块的数目取决于在给定列中并列的面板的数目，因而其在不同的列之间是可以变化的。在面板不具有任何横向边缘的边缘重叠的情况下，光伏模块的列与光伏模块的行是同一的。
每列在其每个端部上包括电极，一个端部的电极的极性与另一个端部的电极的极性相反并且两个相邻列的电极的极性相反。换而言之，每列在其下端处包括与该列的第一行的下端的电极同一的电极，并且每列在其上端处包括与该列的最后一行的上端的电极同一的相反极性的电极。面板的两个相邻行的极性相反，就两个相邻列而言也存在这种极性反向。
然后每个面板的光伏模块的行5如下所述地那样电连接。
在组件的斜坡10的底部处，第一列9的下端的电极7电连接至第二列的下端的电极，第三列的下端的电极电连接至第四列的下端的电极，以此类推。
实际上，这种电连接借助于横向连接器11而进行，比如，作为非限制性示例的柔性电缆或刚性电连接条。如果列的两个端部的电极配备有公连接器和母连接器，则电缆或连接条延伸出相同的公连接器和母连接器，使得可以将列的端部的连接器连接至电缆或连接条。
横向连接器11还可以包括二极管，该二极管定向为使得其阻断从正电极向负电极的电流流过并且允许电流在相反方向上流过。必要时该二极管可以使有故障的行被短路掉。
在给定列的两个相邻面板的边缘重叠部分12处，上方面板的每行的下端的电极连接至下方面板上的相反极性的相对电极，即连接至下面板的相应行的上端的电极。
实际上，如果在安装面板的同时光伏模块的行在其端部配备有公连接器和母连接器，则这种电连接通过将公连接器和母连接器彼此嵌合来简单地进行。或者，该连接可以借助于与上述横向连接器类似的竖直连接器13来进行。
在顶部14处，根据转换器的可接受的输入电压，列的上端的电极以与在斜坡的底部处的连接类似的方式彼此连接或连接至转换器。该输入电压通过适应相互串联连接的行的数目而调节。本领域技术人员将能够根据具体情况来调整该连接原则。图3图示了在顶部的一种可能的连接类型。第一列的上电极连接至转换器。第二列的上电极借助于与在斜坡的底部处所使用的连接器类似的横向连接器15连接至第三列的上电极。第四列的上电极以相同的方式连接至第五列的上电极。最后，第六列的上电极连接至转换器电路。因此，前六列的n个光伏模块串联连接并且将等于它们的额定电压的n倍的电压传送给转换器。
然后使用相同的方法对接下来的行进行连接。
因此，在顶部进行朝向转换器方向的线缆输出，顶部容易进入，这方便其安装，或者方便在维修时进入。
如图3中示出的连接原则所示，偶数数目的行5以及因此的偶数数目的列9确保在不依靠沿着屋顶长度延伸的任何长电缆的情况下，可以在屋脊(顶部)处进行与转换器的电连接。因此，非偶数数目的行将导致最后一列的下电极不能在屋脊处连接至转换器，代价是要依靠在屋顶的整个高度上延伸的线缆。
使用根据本发明的面板在布线图的设计中提供很大的灵活性。因而可以在屋顶发生变化(比如，作为例子的烟囱体、通风口、顶楼窗户、门或检查口)的情况下调整光伏设施的布线图。如图4所示，屋顶的变化16使得必须将两个面板纵向断开，然后这两个面板中的每个仅具有单一一个光伏模块的行。在布线方面，通过在屋顶变化的情况下简单地安装横向连接器11可以容易地绕开屋顶的变化。
在面板的组件的第二示例性实施方案中，在斜坡的底部处和在顶部处连接模块的方式可以颠倒，以使得线缆输出位于斜坡的底部。
因此，由于在建筑工地提供根据本发明的面板的半成品，所以非常容易将面板放置到位并且与此同时或在此之后连接光伏模块。

Claims (13)

1.一种配备有光伏装置的面板(1)，所述光伏装置由偶数数目的光伏模块的行(5)构成，所述行基本上平行于所述面板的纵向边缘而对齐，每行包括单个对的电极(7)，电极对位于所述行的两个不同的端部，一个端部的电极的极性与另一个端部的电极的极性相反，两个相邻行的极的极性相反，当所述电极(7)在所述行的一个端部时，其是公连接器的形式，且当所述电极(7)在所述行的另一个端部时，其是母连接器的形式并且所述公连接器和所述母连接器被布置成使得当上方面板的下横向边缘与下方面板的上横向边缘重叠时所述公连接器和所述母连接器彼此嵌合，所述面板由成形金属板制成，所述面板由第一纵向边缘、至少部分地由所述光伏装置覆盖的中心部分和第二纵向边缘构成，其中，所述中心部分向上突起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中，所述光伏模块是胶合至所述面板的柔性带。
3.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中，所述光伏模块通过利用真空沉积方法连续沉积合适类型的层而直接实现在所述面板上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)彼此未电连接。
5.根据权利要求2所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)彼此未电连接。
6.根据权利要求3所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)彼此未电连接。
7.根据权利要求1、5和6中的任意一项所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)的长度相同并且它们的端部基本上平行于所述面板的横向边缘而对齐。
8.根据权利要求2所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)的长度相同并且它们的端部基本上平行于所述面板的横向边缘而对齐。
9.根据权利要求3所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)的长度相同并且它们的端部基本上平行于所述面板的横向边缘而对齐。
10.根据权利要求4所述的面板，其中，所述行(5)的长度相同并且它们的端部基本上平行于所述面板的横向边缘而对齐。
11.一种根据权利要求1至10中的任意一项所述的面板的组件，通过将所述面板的纵向边缘和/或所述面板的横向边缘进行边缘重叠而使所述面板并列以形成在纵向方向上的光伏模块的列(9)。
12.一种能够连接至转换器的电气装置，所述电气装置包括沿着给定斜坡倾斜的根据权利要求11所述的组件，其中：
-在所述组件的斜坡(10)的底部处，第一列(9)的下端的电极(7)电连接至第二列的下端的电极，依此类推；
-在同一列的两个相邻面板的边缘重叠部分(12)处，上方面板的每行的下端的电极连接至下方面板上的相反极性的相对电极；
-在顶部(14)处，列的上端的电极以与在斜坡的底部处的连接类似的方式彼此连接，或连接至所述转换器。
13.一种将沿着给定斜坡倾斜的根据权利要求11所述的组件的构成面板电连接至转换器的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在所述组件的斜坡(10)的底部处，将第一列(9)的下端的电极(7)电连接至第二列的下端的电极，依此类推；
-在同一列的两个相邻面板的边缘重叠部分(12)处，将上方面板的每行的下端的电极连接至下方面板上的相反极性的相对电极；
-在顶部(14)处，将列的上端的电极以与在斜坡的底部处的连接类似的方式彼此连接，或连接至所述转换器。
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