CN112787102B - Planar luneberg lens antenna using semi-open SIW horn antenna as feed source - Google Patents
Planar luneberg lens antenna using semi-open SIW horn antenna as feed source Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planar luneberg lens antenna using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a semi-open SIW horn antenna, a planar luneberg lens antenna and an air impedance matching unit, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a dielectric layer; the medium substrate comprises a rectangular plate and a circular plate which are integrally arranged; the semi-open SIW horn antenna is arranged on the rectangular plate and comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall, an SIW lower-layer metal wall, a horn-shaped metal through hole array and a coplanar waveguide; the upper metal wall of the SIW is provided with isosceles triangle gaps which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X, and the bottom edge of the upper metal wall is connected with a circular plate; the planar luneberg lens antenna is arranged on the circular plate. The air impedance matching unit is arranged on a rectangular plate in the semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity and comprises a plurality of air holes, and impedance matching between the SIW and the planar Luneberg lens can be realized. The semi-open SIW horn antenna is used as a feed source of the planar luneberg lens antenna. Then, impedance matching is realized through the isosceles triangle gap and the three-order transition air hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planar luneberg lens antenna, in particular to a planar luneberg lens antenna which adopts a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source.
Background
The luneberg lens antenna can convert a cylindrical wave or a spherical wave on one side into a plane wave on the other side, has the advantages of low side lobe, high gain, wide frequency band, high directivity and the like, and is widely applied.
The traditional spherical structure luneberg lens antenna is large in size and weight, is not easy to combine with a feed network, approximately meets the graded refractive index through a multilayer dielectric spherical shell, brings impedance mismatch, and reduces the radiation efficiency of the luneberg lens antenna.
The planar luneberg lens antenna is designed by adopting the metamaterial units with periodic or non-periodic structures and arranging according to a certain rule, so that the problems caused by the traditional luneberg lens antenna with a spherical structure can be greatly reduced.
However, the feed source and the luneberg lens are separated from each other, which affects the continuity of the electromagnetic energy propagating between the two, also causing a certain impedance mismatch, which has an impact on the operating bandwidth and efficiency of the antenna.
In the existing plane Luneberg lens antenna, due to the dual regulation and control of the impedance characteristic and the radiation characteristic between the feed source and the Luneberg lens; the split design has air in the middle, which causes impedance mismatch, thus resulting in narrow operating bandwidth and low efficiency.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to design an integrated planar luneberg lens antenna, which has high academic value and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a planar luneberg lens antenna using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, and the planar luneberg lens antenna using the semi-open SIW horn antenna as the feed source uses the semi-open SIW horn antenna as the feed source of the planar luneberg lens antenna. Then, impedance matching is realized through the isosceles triangle gap and the three-order transition air hole.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a planar Luneberg lens antenna using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source comprises a dielectric substrate, a semi-open SIW horn antenna, a planar Luneberg lens antenna and an air impedance matching unit.
The medium base plate is table tennis bat form, including integrative rectangular plate and the circular plate that sets up, the width of rectangular plate is less than the diameter of circular plate, and the rectangular plate has the symmetry axis X that is on a parallel with self long limit, and symmetry axis X crosses the centre of a circle of circular plate.
The semi-open SIW horn antenna is arranged on the rectangular plate and comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall, an SIW lower-layer metal wall, a horn-shaped metal through hole array and a coplanar waveguide.
The SIW upper layer metal wall and the SIW lower layer metal wall are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate, respectively. Wherein, SIW upper metal wall is provided with the isosceles triangle breach about symmetry axis X symmetry, and the base of isosceles triangle breach is towards circular slab.
The horn-shaped metal through hole array is arranged in the rectangular plate and is symmetrical about a symmetry axis X and comprises a parallel metal through hole array and a splayed through hole array which are connected, the splayed through hole array is respectively arranged adjacent to two waists of the isosceles triangle gap, and the vertex of the isosceles triangle gap is positioned between the parallel metal through hole arrays.
And the SIW upper-layer metal wall, the SIW lower-layer metal wall and the horn-shaped metal through hole array jointly form a semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity.
The coplanar waveguide is used to feed a semi-open horn SIW cavity.
The planar Luneberg lens antenna is arranged on the circular plate and comprises an upper-layer metal patch array structure and a lower-layer metal patch array structure which are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the circular plate.
The air impedance matching unit is arranged on a rectangular plate in the semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity and comprises a plurality of air holes, and impedance matching between the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar Luneberg lens antenna can be achieved.
The air impedance matching unit comprises a small air hole array, a hollow air hole array and a large air hole array which are all parallel to the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle gap. The distances from the small air hole array, the hollow air hole array and the large air hole array to the bottom edges of the isosceles triangle gaps are gradually reduced. The small air hole array is formed by equidistantly and uniformly arranging a plurality of small air holes, the hollow air hole array is formed by equidistantly and uniformly arranging a plurality of hollow air holes, and the large air hole array is formed by equidistantly and uniformly arranging a plurality of large air holes. The diameters of the small air holes, the hollow air holes and the large air holes are gradually increased.
The small air hole array, the hollow air hole array and the large air hole array are provided with two rows, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of air hole arrays is 2 mm.
The sizes of the small air holes, the hollow air holes and the large air holes are adjusted, so that the dielectric constant of the rectangular plate is in a gradual change trend, and the dielectric constant is matched with the impedance of the planar Luneberg lens antenna.
The upper-layer metal patch array structure and the lower-layer metal patch array structure both comprise metal patches which are arranged in an array manner, and a cross-shaped patch gap is formed between every two adjacent metal patches; each cross patch gap comprises a square part and four rectangular strips vertically arranged on the periphery of the square part.
The side length of the square part in the cross patch gap and the width of the rectangular strip are adjusted, so that the dielectric constant of the planar luneberg lens antenna is gradually changed.
The gradient of the dielectric constant of the planar luneberg lens antenna from 2 to 1 is realized by adjusting the side length of the square part in the cross patch gap and the width of the rectangular strip.
The cross-sectional heights of the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar Luneberg lens antenna are equal and are one tenth of the wavelength of the working frequency.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through reasonably designing the transition between the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar luneberg lens, the feed source of the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar luneberg lens can obtain better impedance matching, the problem of mutual separation of the feed source and the lens is solved, the structure is more compact, the integration is easier, the performance is more flexible, and compared with the traditional spherical luneberg lens antenna, the radiation performance is unchanged.
2. The invention is designed on the same medium substrate, and the feed source and the Luneberg lens antenna do not need to be additionally physically connected, thereby being convenient for processing and manufacturing, having lower cost and being easier to integrate.
3. The invention feeds the whole system through the coplanar waveguide, and electromagnetic waves work as a TE10 mode in the semi-open SIW horn antenna and serve as a feed source of a planar luneberg lens antenna. Then, through the isosceles triangle breach, realize the smooth transition of SIW to luneberg lens, because impedance matching effect is not very ideal, load the transition air hole of third order in loudspeaker department, better realization impedance matching. The equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 in the air hole area is influenced by the size of the aperture, the impedance matching of the bell mouth and the Luneberg lens is realized through the gradual change of the dielectric constant, and then the integrated design is realized. The planar Luneberg lens is formed by changing the sizes of unit metal patches and combining the unit metal patches according to a certain arrangement rule to form a high-impedance surface, thereby realizing the gradual change of dielectric constant
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional overall view of a planar luneberg lens antenna of the present invention using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source.
Fig. 2 shows a side view of a planar luneberg lens antenna of the present invention fed with a semi-open SIW horn antenna.
Fig. 3 shows a top view of a planar luneberg lens antenna of the present invention using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed.
Fig. 4 shows a bottom view of a planar luneberg lens antenna of the present invention fed by a semi-open SIW horn.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of reflection coefficients of an SIW upper metal wall with and without isosceles triangle notches.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of air hole order on reflection coefficient in the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the E-plane pattern corresponding to the air hole order in the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the reflection coefficient of a planar luneberg lens antenna of the present invention using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed.
Fig. 9 shows the E-plane pattern of the planar luneberg lens antenna of the present invention using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as the feed.
Fig. 10 shows the H-plane pattern of a planar luneberg lens antenna fed with a semi-open SIW horn antenna.
Fig. 11 is a size diagram of a planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna according to this embodiment.
Fig. 12 shows an enlarged size view of the cross-shaped patch gap of fig. 11.
The figure shows that:
10. a dielectric substrate; 11. a rectangular plate; 12. a circular plate;
an SIW upper metal wall; 21. an isosceles triangle gap;
SIW lower metal wall;
40. a flared metal via array; 41. an array of parallel metal vias; 42. a splayed metal via array;
50. a coplanar waveguide;
60. an upper metal patch array structure; 61. a cross-shaped patch gap; 62. a square portion; 63. a rectangular strip;
70. a lower metal patch array structure;
80. an air impedance matching unit; 81. an array of small air holes; 82. an array of hollow pores; 83. a large array of air holes;
90. a coupling gap.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a planar luneberg lens antenna using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source includes a dielectric substrate 10, a semi-open SIW horn antenna, a planar luneberg lens antenna, and an air impedance matching unit 80.
The medium base plate is in a table tennis bat shape and comprises a rectangular plate 11 and a circular plate 12 which are integrally arranged, the width of the rectangular plate is smaller than the diameter of the circular plate, the rectangular plate is provided with a symmetry axis X which is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular plate, and the symmetry axis X passes through the circle center of the circular plate.
The semi-open SIW horn antenna is arranged on a rectangular plate and comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall 20, an SIW lower-layer metal wall 30, a horn-shaped metal through hole array 40 and a coplanar waveguide 50.
The SIW upper layer metal wall and the SIW lower layer metal wall are printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate, respectively, preferably in the same size as the length and width of the rectangular plate.
The upper metal wall of the SIW is provided with isosceles triangle gaps 21 which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X, and the bottom edges of the isosceles triangle gaps face the circular plate.
Further, the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle gap coincides with the side edge of the rectangular plate connected with the circular plate.
The isosceles triangle gap is also called as the wide wall is stripped; when the upper metal wall of the SIW is not provided with isosceles triangle gaps, i.e. is a whole plate, the wide wall is not peeled.
The flared metal via array is disposed in the rectangular plate and is symmetrical about the symmetry axis X, and includes a parallel metal via array 41 and a splay via array 42 connected to each other.
The parallel metal via array 41 is two rows of linear metal via arrays that are symmetrical about the symmetry axis X and are parallel to each other, and each linear metal via array is preferably formed by arranging a plurality of rectangular metal vias at equal intervals.
The vertex of the isosceles triangle gap is positioned between the parallel metal through hole arrays.
The splayed through hole arrays are respectively adjacent to or closely attached to two waists of the isosceles triangle gap, and the cross points of the reverse connecting lines of the splayed through hole arrays approximately coincide with the top points of the isosceles triangle gaps. The benefits of this arrangement are: smooth transition is facilitated in the splayed through hole array, and impedance matching is achieved.
The SIW upper layer metal wall, the SIW lower layer metal wall and the horn-shaped metal through hole array jointly form a semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity.
Coplanar waveguides are used to feed a semi-open horn SIW cavity.
The planar luneberg lens antenna is disposed on a circular plate and includes an upper metal patch array structure 60 and a lower metal patch array structure 70 printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the circular plate, respectively.
The upper-layer metal patch array structure and the lower-layer metal patch array structure are vertically symmetrical and respectively comprise metal patches which are arranged in an array manner, and a cross-shaped patch gap 61 shown in fig. 3, 11 and 12 is formed between every two adjacent metal patches; each cross patch gap comprises a square portion 62 and four rectangular strips 63 arranged perpendicularly around the square portion.
In the present invention, the size of the cross-shaped patch gap (including the square portion and the rectangular strip) gradually increases from the center to the outer periphery.
The separation gap between two adjacent rectangular strips in two adjacent cross-shaped patch gaps is preferably 3.6mm, namely, the period is preferably 3.6 mm.
The side length of the square part in the cross patch gap and the width of the rectangular strip are adjusted, so that the dielectric constant of the planar luneberg lens antenna is gradually changed, preferably from 2 to 1, and the radiation function of the luneberg lens is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the cross-sectional heights of the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar luneberg lens antenna are equal, and are one tenth of the wavelength of the working frequency. Because the section heights are the same, the matching between the two parts can be improved, the processing difficulty is favorably reduced, and the integration with other equipment is more favorably realized.
The air impedance matching unit is arranged on the rectangular plate in the semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity and comprises a plurality of air holes, and impedance matching between the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar Luneberg lens antenna can be achieved.
In the invention, the air impedance matching unit preferably comprises a small air hole array, a hollow air hole array and a large air hole array which are all parallel to the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle gap.
The distance from the small air hole array, the hollow air hole array and the large air hole array to the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle gap is gradually reduced.
The small air hole array is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of small air holes at equal intervals, and preferably has two rows.
The hollow air hole array is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of hollow air holes at equal intervals, and preferably has two rows.
The large air hole array is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of large air holes at equal intervals, and preferably has two rows.
The diameters of the small air holes, the hollow air holes and the large air holes are gradually increased.
The small air hole array, the hollow air hole array and the large air hole array are provided with two rows, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of air hole arrays is 2 mm.
The sizes of the small air holes, the hollow air holes and the large air holes are adjusted, so that the dielectric constant of the rectangular plate is in a gradual change trend, and the dielectric constant is matched with the impedance of the planar Luneberg lens antenna.
Assuming that the diameter of the small air hole is d1, the diameter of the hollow air hole is d2, and the diameter of the large air hole is d3, the dielectric constants of the small air hole, the hollow air hole and the large air hole are equivalent to those of the rectangular plate (the equivalent method is the prior art, and is not described here again), as shown in the following table.
| Diameter (unit: mm) | Dielectric constant of rectangular plate |
| d1＝0.95 | 5.23 |
| d2＝1.4 | 4.17 |
| d3＝1.7 | 3.23 |
The dielectric constant of the feed source is 6.15, the feed source is gradually changed through the rectangular plate until the outermost layer of the Robert lens, and the dielectric constant of the rectangular plate is 1.
In the above table, the equivalent dielectric constants corresponding to the three air holes are shown, and the diameters are arranged from small to large, so that the equivalent dielectric constant is gradually changed (discrete), and as can be seen from fig. 6, as the number of the steps of the loaded air holes is increased, the reflection coefficient is gradually reduced. Impedance matching can be considered when the reflection coefficient of a feed port is lower than-10 dB (for the whole analysis of the antenna, not the separate analysis), so that it is obvious from FIG. 6 that when a third-order air hole is loaded, the reflection coefficient is lower than-10 dB in a required frequency band, the matching requirement is met, and the circular plane Robert lens has the dielectric constant gradually changed from 1 to 2 from the outside to the inside, so that the function of the lens is realized.
The invention feeds the whole system through the coplanar waveguide, and electromagnetic waves work as a TE10 mode in the semi-open SIW horn antenna and serve as a feed source of a planar luneberg lens antenna. And then, through an isosceles triangle gap, smooth transition from the SIW to the Robert lens is realized, and because the impedance matching effect is not ideal, a third-order transition air hole is loaded at the horn, so that impedance matching is better realized. The equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 in the air hole area is influenced by the size of the aperture, the impedance matching of the bell mouth and the Luneberg lens is realized through the gradual change of the dielectric constant, and then the integrated design is realized. The planar luneberg lens is formed into a high-impedance surface by changing the sizes of the unit metal patches and combining the unit metal patches according to a certain arrangement rule, so that the gradient of the dielectric constant is realized.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, a planar luneberg lens antenna using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source preferably has the following dimensions: the distance between the two rows of linear metal through hole arrays is w 1 6.5mm, splayed metal through holeThe width of the contraction end of the array is w 2 The width of the splayed metal through hole array expanding end is w which is 6.5mm 3 The length of the axis of the isosceles triangle gap in the parallel metal through hole array is l, 19.4mm, the rectangular metal through hole in the linear metal through hole array is square, the side length of the rectangular metal through hole is d 1mm, the period (the sum of the side length and the interval) of the rectangular metal through hole is p 2mm, and the length of the axis of the isosceles triangle gap in the parallel metal through hole array is l 1 14.45mm, the axial length of the isosceles triangle gap in the splayed metal through hole array is l 2 18.98mm, the included angle between the middle waist of the isosceles triangle gap and the x axis is 18.5 degrees, and the distance between two adjacent rows of air holes is a 1 2mm, the diameter of the small air hole is d 1 0.95mm, the diameter of the hollow air hole is d 2 1.4mm, the diameter of the large air hole is d 3 1.7mm, the radius R of the circular plate is 21.9 mm. Further, assuming that the side length of the square portion in the cross-shaped patch gap is b1 and the width of the rectangular strip is b2, the dielectric constant ε at the equivalent circular plate of the corresponding metal patch n Then, the corresponding dimensions are preferably as follows:
| Layer | b 1 /mm | b 2 /mm | ε n |
| 1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2 |
| 2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.79 |
| 3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.48 |
| 4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.24 |
| 5 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1 |
the above-mentioned numbers 1 to 5 are 5 cross-shaped patch gaps arranged from the center to the periphery.
With reference to fig. 8, 9 and 10, the return loss of the invention is less than-10 dB in the frequency range of 18-28GHz, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 45%. The gain is about 10.2dBi, the half-power beam width of the H-plane directional diagram is about 10 degrees, and the antenna has good radiation performance such as broadband and high gain, is more miniaturized and planar and is easy to integrate in a plane system.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A planar luneberg lens antenna using a semi-open SIW horn antenna as a feed source is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a semi-open SIW horn antenna, a planar luneberg lens antenna and an air impedance matching unit;
the medium substrate is in a table tennis bat shape and comprises a rectangular plate and a circular plate which are integrally arranged, the width of the rectangular plate is smaller than the diameter of the circular plate, the rectangular plate is provided with a symmetry axis X which is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular plate, and the symmetry axis X passes through the circle center of the circular plate;
the semi-open SIW horn antenna is arranged on the rectangular plate and comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall, an SIW lower-layer metal wall, a horn-shaped metal through hole array and a coplanar waveguide;
the SIW upper layer metal wall and the SIW lower layer metal wall are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular plate; wherein, the upper metal wall of the SIW is provided with isosceles triangle gaps which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X, and the bottom edges of the isosceles triangle gaps face the circular plate;
the horn-shaped metal through hole arrays are arranged in the rectangular plate and are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X and comprise parallel metal through hole arrays and splayed through hole arrays which are connected, the splayed through hole arrays are respectively arranged adjacent to two waists of the isosceles triangle gaps, and the vertexes of the isosceles triangle gaps are positioned between the parallel metal through hole arrays;
the SIW upper-layer metal wall, the SIW lower-layer metal wall and the horn-shaped metal through hole array form a semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity together;
the coplanar waveguide is used for feeding power to the semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity;
the planar Luneberg lens antenna is arranged on the circular plate and comprises an upper-layer metal patch array structure and a lower-layer metal patch array structure which are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the circular plate;
the air impedance matching unit is arranged on a rectangular plate in the semi-open horn-shaped SIW cavity and comprises a plurality of air holes, and impedance matching between the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar Luneberg lens antenna can be achieved.
2. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air impedance matching unit comprises a small air hole array, a hollow air hole array and a large air hole array which are all parallel to the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle gap; the distance from the small air hole array, the hollow air hole array and the large air hole array to the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle gap is gradually reduced; the small air hole array is formed by equidistantly and uniformly arranging a plurality of small air holes, the hollow air hole array is formed by equidistantly and uniformly arranging a plurality of hollow air holes, and the large air hole array is formed by equidistantly and uniformly arranging a plurality of large air holes; the diameters of the small air holes, the hollow air holes and the large air holes are gradually increased.
3. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the small air hole array, the hollow air hole array and the large air hole array are provided with two rows, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of air hole arrays is 2 mm.
4. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sizes of the small air holes, the hollow air holes and the large air holes are adjusted, so that the dielectric constant of the rectangular plate is in a gradual change trend, and the dielectric constant is matched with the impedance of the planar Luneberg lens antenna.
5. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper-layer metal patch array structure and the lower-layer metal patch array structure both comprise metal patches which are arranged in an array manner, and a cross-shaped patch gap is formed between every two adjacent metal patches; each cross patch gap comprises a square part and four rectangular strips vertically arranged on the periphery of the square part.
6. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the side length of the square part in the cross patch gap and the width of the rectangular strip are adjusted, so that the dielectric constant of the planar luneberg lens antenna is gradually changed.
7. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna of claim 6, wherein: the gradient of the dielectric constant of the planar luneberg lens antenna from 2 to 1 is realized by adjusting the side length of the square part in the cross patch gap and the width of the rectangular strip.
8. The planar luneberg lens antenna fed by a semi-open SIW horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross-sectional heights of the semi-open SIW horn antenna and the planar Luneberg lens antenna are equal and are one tenth of the wavelength of the working frequency.
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