CN112773892A - 一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗 - Google Patents
一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,所述的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗包含有抗原和疫苗冻干保护剂,其中抗原为TRZYT株弱毒株和QD株弱毒株;所述的TRZYT株弱毒株,是对保藏编号为CCTCCNO.17403的猪伪狂犬病病毒TRZYT株进行毒力基因缺失后,在细胞上进行拯救制备的;所述的QD株弱毒株,是保藏编号为CGMCC No.10266的猪伪狂犬病病毒株进行毒力基因缺失后,在细胞上进行拯救制备的。本发明所提供的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株疫苗所使用的抗原包含有猪伪狂犬病毒基因缺失弱毒株,通过水平传播感染在小鼠体连续传代,均未见毒力返强现象,遗传性稳定,符合猪伪狂犬病病毒缺失疫苗株无毒力返强的标准;且可有效预防猪伪狂犬病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于疫苗弱毒株制备技术领域,具体涉及一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗。
背景技术
猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)在分类学上属于疱疹病毒科α疱疹病毒亚科猪疱疹病毒I型,主要引起猪的伪狂犬病(Pseudorabies,PR)。猪是PRV的唯一宿主,PRV感染妊娠母猪后主要引起流产、产死胎和木乃伊胎等,感染后备母猪主要引起不育症,感染仔猪主要引起神经症状和死亡等。猪伪狂犬病的死亡率甚至高达100%,严重危害我国的养猪业。
该病目前尚无有效的药物能够对其进行治疗,主要依靠疫苗接种进行防控。近几十年来,养猪场主要依靠Bartha-K61疫苗进行防控,并取得了显著成效。但是自2011年以来,多省份发现免疫了Bartha-K61疫苗的猪场依然有感染PRV的猪出现,后经鉴定为变异的PRV强毒株。即现有Bartha-K61疫苗不能够有效防控PRV流行株导致的感染。因此,需要将分离的变异强毒株,采用自然致弱或基因工程手段致弱制备疫苗,防控PRV的感染。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,所提供的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株疫苗所使用的抗原即包含有所筛选的PRV流行变异株的基因缺失弱毒株,还包含PRV的经典疫苗株,从而提供更广泛的免疫保护。
本发明所提供的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,包含有抗原和疫苗冻干保护剂,其中抗原为TRZYT株弱毒株和QD株弱毒株;
所述的TRZYT株弱毒株,是对猪伪狂犬病病毒TRZYT株进行毒力基因缺失后,在细胞上进行拯救制备的;
其中猪伪狂犬病病毒TRZYT株,于2019年3月15日保藏于位于北京市朝阳区北辰西路的中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.17403;
所述的QD株弱毒株,是保藏编号为CGMCC No.10266的猪伪狂犬病病毒株进行毒力基因缺失后,在细胞上进行拯救制备的;
所述的QD株(疱疹病毒Ⅰ型Porcine herpesvirus TypeⅠ)已于2015年3月6日保藏于北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号的中国科学院微生物研究所中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.10266。
所述的毒力基因优选为gE和gI基因。
上述的疫苗,其抗原还包含有Bartha-K61株。
本发明所提供的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株疫苗还包含有活病毒疫苗用冻干保护剂;
所述的保护剂为蔗糖和明胶的水溶液,其在疫苗中的质量百分比终浓度分别为20%和4.8%。
本发明所提供的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株疫苗所使用的抗原包含有猪伪狂犬病毒基因缺失弱毒株,通过水平传播感染在小鼠体连续传代,均未见毒力返强现象,遗传性稳定,符合猪伪狂犬病病毒缺失疫苗株无毒力返强的标准;且可有效预防猪伪狂犬病。
附图说明
图1:病毒TRZYT株分离培养图,其中左图为正常Vero细胞,右图为接种病料出现细胞病变的细胞;
图2:PCR扩增产物的检测电泳图,其中泳道1为marker,泳道2为超纯水的阴性对照,泳道3为病毒收集液。
具体实施方式
本发明在筛选获得了一种发生了遗传变异的猪伪狂犬病病毒强毒株TRZYT株的基础上,采用已有的方法对TRZYT株的gE基因和gI基因进行缺失来制备弱毒株,所制备的弱毒株能够对所筛选的变异株TRZYT株提供有效的免疫防护。
猪伪狂犬病毒PRV的gE基因是PRV从视网膜、嗅觉上皮细胞、三叉神经节侵入中枢神经组织所必需的。gE基因对猪伪狂犬病毒PRV体毒力表达、侵袭神经和沿着神经传递起着决定性的作用,而PRV的gE基因缺失株只能侵入神经系统的第一级,gE基因缺失使得PRV的毒性减弱。
gI基因位于gE基因的前方,其缺失会影响PRV病毒的神经嗜性。PRV缺失gE、gI基因不影响病毒的逆行传播,但是限制病毒在神经元中的顺行传播,从而降低了PRV病毒的毒性。
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明技术方案的基础上,可以选用本领域常用的方法步骤,而不仅限于本发明说明书实施例的具体记载。
实施例1:猪伪狂犬病病毒的筛选及鉴定
1、筛选病毒株
2018年11月贵州某发病猪场已注射过猪伪狂犬病活疫苗(Bartha-K61株疫苗)的猪群发生了猪伪狂犬病的病症,从发病猪群中进行了猪伪狂犬病毒的筛选。具体的筛选步骤如下:
取发病猪的肝脏和淋巴结样品,用pH7.2的0.1M的PBS溶液将样品进行匀浆,反复冻融后,5000r/min离心10min,取上清中加10μL青链霉素,37℃静置1h,经0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌。取滤液10μL加入刚长成单层的Vero细胞(图1),待出现病变后,收毒,置-80℃反复冻融检测。
2、病毒的检测
使用如下序列的引物对来扩增PRV gE基因片段,采用Oligo 7.0设计引物扩增收集的病毒液,PCR扩增产物进行电泳,其中病毒收集液扩增出了目的条带(图2);扩增引物的序列信息如下:
F1:5′-ATGCGGCCCTTTCTGCTGCGCGCC-3′;
F2:5′-TTAAGCGGGGCGGGACATCAACAGGC-3′。
将筛选的猪伪狂犬病病毒命名为TRZYT株,经Vero细胞培养驯化,病毒含量达107.0TCID50/0.1ml以上。
猪伪狂犬病病毒TRZYT株,于2019年3月15日保藏于位于北京市朝阳区北辰西路的中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.17403。
3、病毒的毒力检测
将TRZYT株病毒液(病毒含量为107.5TCID50/0.1ml)分装后置于-80℃,于36个月对其滴度进行测定。经测定,病毒含量为107.1TCID50/0.1ml。结果表明,该毒株具有较好的稳定性。
10只6周龄BALB/c小鼠随机分成两组,每组5只,一组试用200TCID50稀释毒经颈部皮下进行注射,接种量为0.5mL/只。另一组接种等量的PBS液作为阴性对照。每天观察和记录小鼠的临床症状和死亡情况。结果小鼠接种该病毒液后出现了典型的伪狂犬病症状:发病的小鼠啃咬接种部位,严重的皮肤出血,皮毛脱落,接种120h后,接种病毒组小鼠全部死亡。对照组小鼠无异常变化。表明该毒株为强毒株。
4、动物回归试验
接种4~8日龄PRV抗体阴性仔猪,注射48-72h后出现明显的临床症状,主要表现为体温升高,出现步态不稳、吃乳减少,运动不协调,四肢呈划水状,部分猪只呕吐或者腹泻等症状。解剖可以发现脑膜充血,脑脊髓液量过多,肝、脾等脏器出现坏死;并可以从脑组织中再次分离到PRV病毒株。
5、抗体中和实验
将TRZYT株、猪伪狂犬病病毒QD株(疱疹病毒Ⅰ型Porcine herpesvirus TypeⅠ,保藏编号为CGMCC No.10266,已于2015年3月6日保藏于北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号的中国科学院微生物研究所中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心)分别经继代和纯化制成灭活疫苗,分别免疫小鼠,免疫剂量2.0ml/只,每隔2周免疫一次,共免疫3次,第三次免疫后2周进行采血,分离血清,经50℃灭活后进行中和实验。
将TRZYT株病毒液进行100倍稀释,分别与TRZYT株、猪伪狂犬病病毒QD株制备的血清等体积混合,室温中和1小时后,接种小鼠,接种后观察96-168小时。
结果发现TRZYT株的TRZYT株血清中和组的小鼠都没有出现病症,而猪伪狂犬病病毒QD株血清中和组有30%~40%的小鼠出现猪伪狂犬病病症。即本发明筛选的毒株作为抗原制备的阳性血清对其自身的中和能力明显好于其它毒株制备的阳性血清;表明本发明获得TRZYT病毒株为新的猪伪狂犬病毒变异株。
6、抗原基因的分析
分别对将TRZYT株和QD株的gB、gC、gD、gI基因进行扩增测序,对TRZYT株和QD株的上述四个基因进行分析,结果表明RZYT株和猪伪狂犬病病毒QD株的免疫基因存在氨基上的差异,表明TRZYT株相比于之前的流行株QD株发生了变异(表1);推测这是QD株作为抗原制备的抗体血清对TRZYT株中和效果不佳的原因所在。
表1:TRZYT株和QD株四种猪伪狂犬病毒的毒力基因的氨基酸序列差异表
攻毒保护试验结果表明,TRZYT株灭活疫苗能对TRZYT株本毒提供完全的免疫保护,而对QD株毒能够提供部分保护。而QD株灭活疫苗能对QD株本毒提供完全的保护,对TRZYT株毒只能够提供部分保护。而Bartha-K61株疫苗对TRZYT株和QD株的保护效果都较差。
这说明TRZYT株和QD株的之间的交叉保护性较差,也说明本发明分离到TRZYT株为猪伪狂犬病病毒的变异株,与经典毒株在攻毒保护上有着显著的差异。
实施例2:猪伪狂犬病毒gE/gI双基因缺失株的构建
一、构建TRZYT株gE/gI双基因缺失株
从分离的猪伪狂犬病病毒TRZYT株中提取该分离株的DNA,采用基因工程的方法对该分离株进行毒力基因gE和gI基因的缺失。
参考PRV全基因组序列(BK001744)合成系列引物,分别用来扩增位于US7(gI)基因和US8(gE)基因两侧(含部分gI和gE基因)的可用于同源重组的左臂片段(L)和右臂片段(R)。其中L包括部分US6基因和部分gI基因,R包括部分gE基因、全部的US9基因和部分US2基因。
另外同时设计引物扩增EGFP和EGFP真核表达盒,以及用于鉴定基因缺失的引物。引物序列及预期PCR产物的大小见表2。
表2:引物序列信息表
2、gE和gI基因转移载体的构建
以TRZYT株基因组为模板,利用引物gEILF/GEILR和gEIRF/GEIRR,分别扩增出位于gE和gI两侧的序列(含部分gE和gI基因)作为左右重组臂gEIL、gEIR,其中gEIL、gEIR的一端分别带有一个loxP位点。将其克隆到pMD19-T后对其进行PCR和酶切鉴定,鉴定正确后测序,对测序正确的阳性克隆T-gEIL采用Hind III和Pst I进行双酶切,将该片段克隆到同样酶切处理的pBluescript SK载体上,鉴定正确后采用Spe I和Xba I分别对该重组质粒和连有右侧同源臂的重组质粒载体进行双酶切,分别回收含有左侧同源臂的线性化重组质粒和右侧同源臂,将二者进行连接。PCR和酶切进行鉴定。鉴定正确后送测序,测序结果正确的命名为pSKgEILR。
以pCDNA 3.1-EGFP质粒为模板,采用引物EorfF/EorfR扩增EGFP阅读框,连入真核表达载体pVAX1,鉴定正确后采用引物cassetteF/cassetteF扩增出含有EGFP的真核表达盒,连入pMD19-T载体,鉴定正确后命名为pMDEV。
采用Pst I和Spe I对pMDEV进行双酶切,回收真核表达盒,连入同样双酶切的pSKgEILR,鉴定正确后即为gE和gI基因转移载体,命名为pSKgE-EGFP。
3、gE和gI基因缺失株病毒的构建及纯化拯救
3.1、转染
重组病毒拯救在六孔细胞培养板上进行,待Vero细胞长满90%时进行转染。取TRZYT株基因组3μg,与1μg转移质粒pSKgE-EGFP混合后,按常规方法共转染,详细方法参见LipofectamineTM 2000说明书。同时设仅含转移质粒的对照组。
3.2、鉴定
TRZYT株基因组与pSKgE-EGFP共转染48h后,观察转染细胞病变形成情况及荧光蛋白表达情况。转染细胞裂解后盲传两代,仍有细胞病变和绿色荧光,初步判断重组病毒拯救成功。重组病毒经噬斑纯化和PCR鉴定,命名为PRV/gE-/gI-/EGFP。
3.3、缺失株报告基因的剔除
利用Cre-loxP系统介导的位点特异性重组技术剔除报告基因EGFP。取10μg经Cre酶处理过的DNA,采用磷酸钙方法转染Vero细胞,置37℃CO2培养箱中培养2-3d,待细胞产生80%病变时收获病毒液。将病毒液反复冻融三次后取上清,按2uL/孔接种于24孔板长成单层的Vero细胞,在幵始出现细胞病变时铺上低熔点琼脂糖,荧光显微镜下挑取没有荧光的空斑。如此反复的纯化病毒,直至所有病毒空斑均不带有绿色突光,构建的TRZYT株双基因缺失株命名为PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-。
3.4、PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-株的鉴定
提取PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-基因组DNA,用引物gEIF/gEIR和引物gBF/gBR进行PCR扩增,鉴定拯救的病毒基因内部片段是否缺失,设亲本株、PRV/gE-/gI-/EGFP基因组DNA作为对照。
以TRZYT株病毒为模板,成功获得gE和gI基因转移载体;随后将其与PRV基因组同源重组,成功拯救并纯化出含有EGFP标记基因的gE和gI基因缺失株病毒;采用Cre重组酶去除EGFP标记基因后,成功拯救并纯化出不含有EGFP标记基因的gE和gI基因缺失株病毒,命名为PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-株。
4、重组病毒的遗传稳定性检测
将筛选获得的初代PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-重组病毒在Vero细胞上连续传代,每5代提取感染细胞总DNA,进行缺失部分基因的PCR检测。
将筛选获得的PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-初代重组病毒在Vero细胞上连续传代,每5代提取感染细胞总DNA,缺失部分基因的PCR检测结果表明基因的大小均为缺失片段后的大小,表明该重组病毒稳定性好。
5、PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-毒种安全性试验
用PBS将抗原稀释10倍,肌肉接种100克小鼠四只,每只0.2mL,观察14天,其反应或死亡的不得超过两只。
毒种安全性试验结果表明该疫苗对小鼠是安全的,无伪狂犬特异性症状,不影响生长发育。因此本发明获得的猪伪狂犬病病毒基因缺失疫苗(PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-)是安全的,可以用来制备疫苗。
6、PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-的免疫效力检测
将6周龄的BALB/C小鼠随机分成3组,每组5只并称重,分别注射疫苗株Bartha-K61、缺失株PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-和DMEM。对照组每只注射100μL DMEM,其它两组后肢肌肉注射104TCID50病毒剂量的疫苗。免疫后每日观察小鼠的临床症状,有无精神萎靡、厌食、瘙痒、震颤等,21d再次称重,并于14d、21d尾静脉采血,分离血清,用TRZYT株全病毒包被的ELISA板检测血清抗体水平。免疫后21d用TRZYT株攻毒,以104TCID50的剂量接种各试验组及对照组,采用后肢肌肉注射,接种病毒后连续观察14d。
免疫后21d,Bartha-K61、PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-组及DMEM对照组小鼠平均增重分别为4.4g、4.1g、4.5g,增重差异不大,说明缺失株对小鼠的增重无抑制作用。免疫后14d时仍未检到抗体,21d时PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-组抗体水平明显升高,其他组仍没有明显变化。表明PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-缺失株可诱导小鼠产生明显的免疫反应。免疫21d后用TRZYT株攻毒,PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-组保护率明显高于Bartha-K61组。
二、构建QD株gE/gI双基因缺失株
按照构建TRZYT的gE/gI双基因缺失株的方法来构建猪伪狂犬病病毒QD株(CGMCCNo.10266)的gE/gI双基因缺失株。
以PRV QD株病毒为模板获得gE和gI基因转移载体;随后将其与PRV基因组同源重组,拯救并纯化出含有EGFP标记基因的gE和gI基因缺失株病毒;采用Cre重组酶去除EGFP标记基因后,拯救并纯化出不含有EGFP标记基因的gE和gI基因缺失株病毒(命名为PRVQD/gE-/gI-株)。
将筛选获得的PRVQD/gE-/gI-株初代重组病毒在Vero细胞上连续传代,每5代提取感染细胞总DNA,缺失部分基因的PCR检测结果表明基因的大小均为缺失片段后的大小,表明该重组病毒稳定性好。
毒种安全性试验结果表明该疫苗对小鼠是安全的,无伪狂犬特异性症状,不影响生长发育,可以用来制备疫苗。
实施例3制备猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株疫苗
以Vero细胞作为培养细胞,按常规的方法猪伪狂犬病毒培养方法,以PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-病毒株、PRV QD/gE-/gI-株分别感染细胞,当细胞病变(CPE)达90%左右时收获病毒,置-80℃反复冻融三次,测定病毒的TCID50。根据收获病毒液的毒价,进行适当的稀释,稀释后的PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-病毒液、PRV QD/gE-/gI-株病毒液与保护剂的体积比为1:1:1.5,充分混合,其中蔗糖终浓度为20%,明胶终浓度为4.8%。每瓶装2.5mL,并置冻干机中进行冻干。疫苗中PRV TRZYT/gE-/gI-病毒、PRV QD/gE-/gI-病毒的含量不低于107TCID50/0.1ml。
制备的冻干疫苗微黄色海绵状疏松圆块,样品易与瓶身脱离且加入水后能够迅速溶解。随机抽检样品均无细菌、霉菌生长,无支原体生长,外源病毒检测呈阴性。疫苗剩余水分约为2%,所有抽检样品真空度合格。
安全检验试验经10倍剂量注射后小鼠无不良反应,且全部健活。小鼠效力检测实验显示对照组小鼠全部死亡,免疫小鼠全部键活。
疫苗使用TRZYT和QD株进行攻毒,攻毒结果表明制备的疫苗对TRZYT和QD株的保护率明显高于市售的Bartha-K61疫苗,结果表明本发明的疫苗在临床上的免疫效果明显优于现在广泛使用的Bartha-K61疫苗。且本发明疫苗对猪伪狂犬病病毒区域流行株免疫效果好于其它疫苗。
序列表
<110> 铜仁职业技术学院
<120> 一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗
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Claims (5)
1.一种猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,其特征在于,所述的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗包含有抗原和疫苗冻干保护剂,其中抗原为TRZYT株弱毒株和QD株弱毒株;
所述的TRZYT株弱毒株,是对保藏编号为CCTCC NO.17403的猪伪狂犬病病毒TRZYT株进行毒力基因缺失后,在细胞上进行拯救制备的;
所述的QD株弱毒株,是保藏编号为CGMCC No.10266的猪伪狂犬病病毒株进行毒力基因缺失后,在细胞上进行拯救制备的。
2.如权利要求1所述的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,其特征在于,所述的毒力基因为gE和gI基因。
3.如权利要求1所述的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,其特征在于,所述的抗原还包含有猪伪狂犬病毒Bartha-K61株。
4.如权利要求1所述的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,其特征在于,所述的冻干保护剂为蔗糖和明胶的水溶液。
5.如权利要求4所述的猪伪狂犬病毒弱毒株冻干疫苗,其特征在于,所述的蔗糖和明胶在疫苗中的质量百分比终浓度分别为20%和4.8%。
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