CN112772559B - Chinese softshell turtle fertilized egg hatching method and application thereof - Google Patents
Chinese softshell turtle fertilized egg hatching method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly discloses a Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cell incubation method and application thereof, wherein the Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cell incubation method is characterized in that fertilized Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs are selected and placed in a constant-temperature environment without incubation medium and with indoor illumination for incubation, and the method is a simple, convenient and efficient Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cell incubation method, compared with the traditional mode of vermiculite incubation, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cell incubation method provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need incubation medium, is visual and visible, obviously shortens the incubation period, has no obvious difference in egg incubation rate, larval turnover time and survival rate, has obvious advantages in aspects of larval weight, long dorsal scale and wide dorsal scale, has the advantages of being simpler, faster and low in cost, breaks through the prior art that Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cells are placed in incubation medium for incubation, and is the direction of large-scale breeding and industrial development of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a Chinese soft-shelled turtle fertilized egg hatching method and application thereof.
Background
The Chinese soft shell turtle is a kind of turtle family animal, such as soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle and soft-shelled turtle, is a common cultivated turtle species, has delicious meat and good eating value, has the effects of nourishing yin, tonifying kidney, clearing and reducing deficiency heat, and has great medicinal value. Because the Chinese soft-shelled turtles have high edible and medicinal values, the artificial breeding industry of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is rapidly developed. How to improve the technical level of artificial breeding of the Chinese softshell turtles is of great significance for meeting the increasing demands of people.
Currently, many artificial breeding methods for trionyx sinensis use a method of hatching fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis in a hatching medium (for example, vermiculite). However, the method in the above technical solution has the following disadvantages: for the oviparous reptile, Chinese softshell turtle, with a complete oviposition colonization strategy, the effect of light and hatching medium on its egg hatching and newborn larvae is unknown. Therefore, the method for hatching the germ cells of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles is designed, compared with the traditional mode that the germ cells of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles are placed in hatching media to be hatched, the hatching period can be obviously shortened, the method has obvious advantages in the aspects of the weight of the larvae, the length of the dorsal amours, the width of the dorsal amours and the like, the problem to be solved is needed, and theoretical and technical support can be provided for the industrialized cultivation of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for hatching fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtles are mostly placed in hatching media for hatching, and the hatching period is long.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a method for hatching fertilized eggs of Chinese softshell turtles comprises the following steps:
selecting fertilized eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle with hatchability, placing the fertilized eggs in a constant-temperature environment without a hatching medium for hatching, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature environment is 25-35 ℃, and the relative humidity of the constant-temperature environment is 75-85% RH (relative humidity).
As a further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 29-31 ℃; the relative humidity of the isothermal environment is 79-81% RH.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an application of the hatching method for fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis in the hatching of animals of the order testudinales and/or the hatching of animals of the family lizardaceae.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the animals of the order Testudinate can be Chinese soft-shelled turtle, red sea turtle, yellow throat water turtle, Brazilian red ear turtle, big-head platysternon tortoise, mud turtle, two-claw soft-shelled turtle, etc., and are selected according to the requirements, and the selection is not limited herein.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the lizardard family animal may be a carina, for example, a multi-line lizard, an island lizard, a multi-line lizard, a scorpion tiger, a wart tail lizard, a toe-cut tiger, etc., and is specifically selected according to the need, and is not limited herein.
The embodiment of the invention also aims to provide application of the Chinese softshell turtle fertilized egg hatching method in scale breeding of aquatic products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cell incubation method, which is a simple and efficient Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cell incubation method by selecting Chinese soft-shelled turtle germ cells to be placed in a constant-temperature environment without incubation media and with indoor light.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hatching method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis in an embodiment during hatching.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a morphology measurement of obtained newborn larvae after hatching is completed according to the hatching method for fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for hatching germ cells of a soft-shelled turtle is provided, and specifically, a simple and efficient method for hatching germ cells of a soft-shelled turtle includes the following steps:
selecting fertilized eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle with hatchability, placing the fertilized eggs in a constant-temperature environment without a hatching medium for hatching, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature environment is 25-35 ℃, and the relative humidity of the constant-temperature environment is 75-85% RH (relative humidity).
The hatching medium refers to a covering or a bearing material for hatching eggs, and belongs to the prior art, for example, the hatching medium can be sand, soil, coconut shell crumbs, stones, moss, vermiculite and the like, or a mixture of the above, for example, a mixture of sand, soil and sand soil is taken as a main material; coconut shell scraps, a mixture of sand and stones, moss, vermiculite and the like can also be used as hatching media, and are determined according to requirements, and are not described herein again.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the incubation method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 28 to 32 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the incubation method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 29 to 31 ℃.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the hatching method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, the relative humidity of the isothermal environment is 79-81% RH.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the hatching method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, the fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis having hatchability refers to eggs of trionyx sinensis that have been fertilized and have fertilized spots. That is, the animals with the eggs of the Chinese softshell turtle have obvious milky white fertilized spots. In practice, hatchability tests can be carried out, i.e.the egg has very pronounced milky white spots in the animal, indicating that it is fertilized and can hatch (cf. Zhu, X., Wei, C., ZHao, W., Du, H., Chen, Y.,2006.Effects of incubation on incubation depth in the animal layer well verse. Aquaculture.259, 243-248.).
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the hatching method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis are placed in a constant temperature environment without hatching medium and with indoor light, with fertilized spots of the trionyx sinensis being upward.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for hatching fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, a proper amount of water needs to be added in the constant temperature environment.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water may be any one selected from purified water, mineral water, distilled water, deionized water, and soft water, which is not limited herein and may be selected as needed. Or spring water, underground water, etc.
Preferably, the water is deionized water, that is, in the hatching process, 1.5L of deionized water needs to be injected into the bottom of a hatching box (the specification is 365 multiplied by 245 multiplied by 115mm) for placing the fertilized eggs of the Chinese softshell turtles in advance.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for hatching fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis, a step of performing illumination is further included, where the illumination is specifically to place fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis with hatchability in a constant temperature environment without a hatching medium, and to perform incubation under illumination conditions with an illumination spectrum of 450-. Wherein the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 29-31 ℃. The relative humidity of the isothermal environment is 79-81% RH.
In the embodiment of the invention, fertilized trionyx sinensis eggs are selected and placed in a constant-temperature environment without an incubation medium and with indoor light for incubation, compared with the traditional mode of vermiculite incubation, the incubation method of trionyx sinensis eggs provided by the embodiment of the invention obviously shortens the incubation period, has obvious advantages in aspects of larva weight, length of dorsal shell, width of dorsal shell and the like, has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and low cost, solves the problem that the incubation period is longer because the trionyx sinensis eggs are mostly placed in the incubation medium for incubation in the prior art, and is a direction for large-scale breeding and industrial development of trionyx sinensis.
Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an application of the hatching method for fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis in the hatching of animals of the order testudinales and/or the hatching of animals of the family lizardaceae.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the animals of the order testudinales may be trionyx sinensis, red sea turtle, mauremys mutica, brazilian red-ear turtle, platysternon megacephalum, mud turtle, soft-shelled turtle, etc., and are selected according to the requirements, and are not limited herein.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lizardtail may be a lycopodium clavatum, such as exendin filamentosum, exendin dolichos, exendin islandica, exendin filamentosum, scorpion, exendin verrucosa, and lizard, which are specifically selected according to the needs, and are not limited thereto.
The embodiment of the invention also aims to provide application of the Chinese softshell turtle fertilized egg hatching method in scale breeding of aquatic products.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the application of the hatching method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis in mass breeding of aquatic products, the aquatic products may be aquatic products having eggs, such as animals of the order turtles, lizards, etc. The species to be cultured can be selected according to the need, and is not limited herein.
The technical effects of the hatching method of fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis according to the present invention will be further described below by referring to specific examples. In the following examples, the fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis used in the experiment were collected from the first-party aquaculture company, guangzhou, Guangdong province, and were all laid on the same day for a total of 342 eggs. The collected fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtle are all tested for hatchability, i.e. the animals of the eggs have very obvious milky white fertilized spots, indicating that the eggs are fertilized and can be hatched (refer to the literature: Zhu, X., Wei, C., ZHao, W., Du, H., Chen, Y.,2006.Effects of incubation temperature on embryo development in the animal yellow spot.
Example 1
A method for hatching fertilized eggs of Chinese softshell turtles comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the collected fertilized eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles by an electronic balance (JJ100, China) (error is +/-0.01 g), and randomly grouping and numbering to obtain the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs with hatchability;
2) selecting and evenly placing the soft-shelled turtle eggs with hatchability in a hatching box (the specification is 365 multiplied by 245 multiplied by 115mm), enabling fertilized spots to face upwards, injecting 1.5L of deionized water at the bottom of the hatching box, sealing the bottom of the hatching box by using a PE plastic film, reducing the evaporation of water during hatching, placing the eggs into a constant-temperature hatching box (LRH-150F, China) for hatching, setting the hatching temperature to be 30 +/-1 ℃, setting the relative humidity of air in the hatching box to be 80.00 +/-1.00% RH, and measuring the relative humidity by a hygrometer (ZG-7010, China).
Example 2
In order to verify that the hatching medium is not necessary for hatching Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs, and under the condition of no hatching medium, the proper illumination is favorable for the effects of Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg hatching and newborn larva characteristics. The following group incubation experiments were performed:
weighing the collected fertilized eggs of the Chinese softshell turtles by using an electronic balance (JJ100, China) (error is +/-0.01 g), randomly grouping and numbering, wherein the experiment comprises a vermiculite group, a lightless and medialess group and a lightless and medialess group, each experiment group is provided with three repetitions, and each repetition is provided with 38 eggs for incubation.
In this example, the vermiculite group is a hatching box (specification is 365 × 245 × 115mm) with 30mm vermiculite laid on the bottom, the soft-shelled turtle egg is placed in the hatching box evenly with the fertilized plaque facing upwards, the hatching box is covered with 20mm vermiculite, the vermiculite humidity is controlled to be 1:1 by weight ratio of water to vermiculite, and then the hatching box is sealed with PE plastic film to reduce the evaporation of water during hatching (as shown in A picture in figure 1).
In this example, the non-light medium-free group is an incubator (365 × 245 × 115mm in specification) filled with 1.5L of deionized water at the bottom, the soft-shelled turtle eggs are placed into the closed incubator with the fertilized spots facing upward (as shown in fig. 1B), the closed incubator is covered with a PE plastic cover, and the relative humidity of the air in the incubator is 80.00 ± 1.00% RH, as measured by a hygrometer (ZG-7010, China).
In this embodiment, the light medium-free group is the hatching box (specification is 365 × 245 × 115mm) with 1.5L of deionized water injected into the bottom, the soft-shelled turtle eggs are separately packed into the closed hatching box with the fertilized spots facing upwards, the hatching box is sealed by a PE plastic cover, the relative humidity of the air in the hatching box is 80.00 ± 1.00% RH, as measured by a hygrometer (ZG-7010, China), and simultaneously, the light is 24 hours LED white light illumination with a spectrum of 450-.
Example 3
Recording and counting incubation data of the vermiculite group, the no-light medium-free group and the no-light medium-free group in the embodiment 2, specifically recording incubation time and the number of incubated larvae, observing during incubation, observing incubation conditions of turtle eggs of each group every 2 hours when the incubation time is close to the incubation time so as to ensure that the larvae can be taken out in time after incubation, recording incubation dates and individual numbers of each group, completing data statistics and analysis, showing all experimental data by means of a standard error of a mean value +/-and analyzing by using SPSS software, and showing that the difference is obvious when P < 0.05. The specific hatching egg weight, hatching rate and hatching period result data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of light factors and incubation media on incubation periods and hatchability of Chinese softshell turtles
In table 1, data are presented as mean ± sem, with significant differences between the means of the different superscripts in each column.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the incubation weights, the hatchability and the incubation period results of the three experimental groups show that the incubation weights of the vermiculite group, the matt and medium-free group and the matt and medium-free group are respectively 4.36 +/-0.03, 4.35 +/-0.03 and 4.42 +/-0.04, the differences among the three groups are not significant (P is more than 0.05), the hatchability of the vermiculite group, the matt and medium-free group and the matt and medium-free group are respectively 76.32 +/-4.56%, 78.07 +/-3.51% and 84.21 +/-2.63%, and the differences among the three groups are not significant (P is more than 0.05); the incubation periods of the vermiculite group, the no-light no-medium group and the light no-medium group are 45.70 +/-0.26 d, 42.92 +/-0.15 d and 42.91 +/-0.09 d respectively, the difference between the vermiculite group and the no-light no-medium group and the light no-medium group is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the difference between the no-light no-medium group and the light no-medium group is not obvious (P is more than 0.05).
Thus, it can be seen that the effect of light and hatching medium on its egg hatching and newborn larvae is unknown in the prior art for the oviparous reptile, trionyx sinensis, with a complete oviposition colonization strategy. Herein, the influence of light and hatching medium on the characteristics of Chinese soft shell turtle egg hatching and newborn larva is researched under the condition of proper temperature and humidity. The results show that: medium-free incubation significantly shortened the incubation period (P < 0.05) compared to the traditional pattern of vermiculite incubation, but there was no significant difference in egg hatchability (P > 0.05). Research results show that the hatching medium is not necessary for hatching Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs, and under the condition of no medium, the influence of proper illumination on Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg hatching and newborn larva characteristics is favorable.
Example 4
The shape measurement and vitality detection of the newborn larvae obtained by incubating the vermiculite group, the no-light medium-free group and the no-light medium-free group in the example 2 are carried out, specifically, the collected newborn larvae are used for measuring shape indexes such as body weight, length of the dorsal concha, width of the dorsal concha and the like by using an electronic digital vernier caliper, wherein the length of the widest part of the back in the horizontal direction is taken as the width of the dorsal concha, and the length of the middle position of the back in the vertical direction is taken as the length of the dorsal concha, and the like, according to the method shown in fig. 2. Newborn larvae were placed on their backs, and The turn-over time was read and recorded by an electronic timer (+ -0.01 s) as an index to quantify The vitality of The newborn larvae (see: Virginie, D., Emmanuelle, B., Marc, G., Anne-Caroline, P.J., The lightening stress as a firm index in fresh Water turtles. biol J Linn Soc, 1.). After the morphometry and viability detection are completed, the newborn larvae are transferred to a plastic box (the specification is 360 multiplied by 240 multiplied by 110mm) for feeding, and no feeding is carried out in the feeding process, because the oviparous animals mostly go through the process of converting endogenous nutrition (yolk sac) into exogenous nutrition (feed), adapt and survive in the process, and reflect the stress resistance of the newborn larvae. And water needs to be changed in time, so that the freshness of water quality in the feeding process is ensured, the number of dead individuals of each group after incubation for 7 days is recorded, data statistics and analysis are completed, and each experiment is independently repeated for at least 3 times during data statistics and analysis. All experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error and analyzed using SPSS software, with P <0.05 indicating significant difference. The resulting data for specific morphological characteristics of the newborn larvae are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of light factors and mediators on the characteristics of the young Chinese softshell turtle
In table 2, the data are expressed as mean ± sem, with significant differences between the means of the different superscripts in each column.
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the results of morphological indexes such as the weight, the length of the dorsal conch, the width of the dorsal conch, the turning-over time and the like of the newborn larva in the three experimental groups show that the weights of the vermiculite group, the no-light medium-free group and the no-light medium-free group are respectively 2.98 +/-0.04 g, 2.98 +/-0.03 g and 3.21 +/-0.04 g, the difference between the vermiculite group and the no-light medium-free group is not significant (P is more than 0.05), but the difference between the vermiculite group and the no-light medium-free group is significant (P is less than 0.05); the lengths of the backsnails of the vermiculite group, the matt medium-free group and the lustrous medium-free group are respectively 24.39 +/-0.15 mm, 24.56 +/-0.13 mm and 24.96 +/-0.12 mm, the difference between the matt medium-free group and the vermiculite group is not significant (P is more than 0.05), but the difference between the matt medium-free group and the vermiculite group is significant (P is less than 0.05); the widths of the backstraps of the vermiculite group, the matt non-medium group and the lustrous non-medium group are 22.61 +/-0.16 mm, 22.29 +/-0.13 mm and 22.99 +/-0.10 mm respectively, the difference between the matt non-medium group and the vermiculite group is not significant (P is more than 0.05), and the difference between the matt non-medium group and the vermiculite group is significant (P is less than 0.05). The experimental results show that the newborn larva with the light medium group or without the medium group has larger mass and the dorsal concha is longer and wider.
Furthermore, the vitality of the newborn larvae and the survival rate after incubation for 7 days of the three experimental groups are shown in Table 2. The vitality of the newborn larva is measured according to the turning time, and the results show that the turning time of the vermiculite group, the no light medium-free group and the no light medium-free group is 0.71 +/-0.02 s, 0.77 +/-0.02 s and 0.71 +/-0.02 s respectively, and the difference among the three groups is not significant (P is more than 0.05). The survival rates of the vermiculite group, the no-light medium-free group and the light medium-free group after incubation for 7 days are 94.68 +/-0.56%, 98.25 +/-1.75% and 97.88 +/-1.06%, respectively, and the difference among the three groups is not significant (P is more than 0.05) (Tab.2). The results of the experiments show that the vitality of the newborn larvae using the three hatching modes is consistent.
Thus, as can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the effect of light and hatching medium on the hatching of their eggs and newborn larvae is unknown in the prior art for the oviparous reptile soft shelled turtle with a fully oviparous reproductive strategy. Herein, the influence of light and hatching medium on the characteristics of Chinese soft shell turtle egg hatching and newborn larva is researched under the condition of proper temperature and humidity. The results show that: compared to the traditional pattern of vermiculite hatching, the medium-free hatching significantly shortened the hatching period (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in egg hatchability, as well as in larval weight, dorsal beetle length, dorsal beetle width, turnover time and larval survival rate after 7 days of larval hatching (P > 0.05). Compared with the light-free and medium-free hatching, the light-free and medium-free group is superior to the light-free and medium-free group in terms of the weight of the larva, the length of the dorsal concha and the width of the dorsal concha (P is less than 0.05). Research results show that the medium is not necessary for Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg incubation, and under the condition of no medium, the influence of proper illumination on Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg incubation and newborn larva characteristics is favorable.
It is noted that light is an important ecological factor for biological growth and development, and in many oviparous animals, light is essential for embryonic development and can increase the rate of metabolism of the embryo to accelerate embryonic development (see: Horiguchi, t., Ito, c., Numata, h.,2009.Regulation of embryo by light and its electronic design in the animal Tadpole program Triops granarius. Zoogl Sci.26,483-490 and Itoh, M.T., Sumi, Y.,2000. circum. circular clock controlling and gripping in the cric t (Griylus bimatous). J Biol. Rhyths.15, 241-245). In addition, light exposure during embryonic development can significantly affect the phenotype of offspring, such as lateralization in fish and birds, and most oviparous reptiles lay eggs underground, thereby avoiding the effects of light. But there are exceptions, such as lizards. A previous study showed that intense light significantly accelerated The rate of development of The embryo of Spongilla in China, but had a negative effect on larval size and survival (see: Zhang, Y.P., Li, S.R., Ping, J., Li, S.W., Zhou, H.B., Sun, B.J., Du, W.G.,2016.The effects of light exposure in culture on regenerative damage and hattering traits in cultures scientific reports 6, 38527). Compared with lizards which are not completely covered with eggs, the influence of light factors on hatching and newborn larvae of the oviparous reptiles Chinese soft-shelled turtles with complete egg covering reproduction strategies is unknown.
Similar to other turtles, the Chinese soft-shelled turtles do not have the egg protection behavior, and the Chinese soft-shelled turtles are naturally hatched after spawning, so that the hatching medium becomes an important barrier for protecting the hatching of eggs. Different hatching media possess different physical properties that affect the hatching of oviparous reptile eggs. In mauremys mutica, different hatching media significantly affect the hatching period of the eggs and the morphological characteristics of the newborn larvae. In green turtles, the hatchability of the eggs is inversely correlated with the increase in the diameter of the hatching medium particles. The Chinese soft-shelled turtles are common aquaculture animals in China, the annual output reaches 32 ten thousand tons, and the Chinese soft-shelled turtles have high economic value and nutritional value. However, the production of the young Chinese softshell turtles still adopts the traditional medium hatching mode, and the medium-free hatching has the advantages of being simpler, more convenient, quicker and lower in cost, and if the effects of the two hatching modes are not different, the medium-free hatching is undoubtedly the direction of the large-scale breeding and industrialized development of the Chinese softshell turtles. In addition, terrapin animals, which are important model animals for researching temperature type sex determination mechanisms, are often subjected to molecular genetic manipulation at the embryonic development stage, and compared with the traditional medium hatching mode, medium-free hatching is more convenient for observation of egg embryonic development and molecular genetic manipulation. Therefore, the influence of the light factors and the hatching media on the hatching rate, the hatching period, the morphological characteristics and the vitality of the young Chinese softshell turtles is researched, so that basic data are provided for the production application of a medium-free hatching mode.
Example 5
A hatching method of fertilized eggs of Chinese softshell turtles comprises the following steps:
selecting fertilized Chinese soft shell turtle eggs, placing the fertilized Chinese soft shell turtle eggs in a constant temperature environment without an incubation medium and with indoor light for incubation, wherein the fertilized Chinese soft shell turtle eggs with incubation property refer to the eggs of the fertilized Chinese soft shell turtle with fertilization spots, namely, animal electrodes of the eggs of the Chinese soft shell turtle have obvious milky fertilization spots, the fertilization spots of the Chinese soft shell turtle eggs are placed upwards during incubation, the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 25 ℃, and the relative humidity of the constant temperature environment is 75% RH.
Example 6
A Chinese soft-shelled turtle fertilized egg hatching method comprises the following steps:
selecting and placing the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs with hatchability in a constant-temperature environment without a hatching medium for hatching, wherein the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs with hatchability refer to the eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle which is fertilized and has fertilized spots, namely the animal eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle have obvious milky fertilized spots, the fertilized spots of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs are placed upwards during hatching, the temperature of the constant-temperature environment is 35 ℃, and the relative humidity of the constant-temperature environment is 85% RH.
Example 7
A hatching method of fertilized eggs of Chinese softshell turtles comprises the following steps:
selecting and placing the trionyx sinensis eggs in a constant temperature environment without a hatching medium for hatching, wherein the pelnyx sinensis eggs with hatching property refer to the eggs of pelnyx sinensis which are fertilized and have fertilized spots, namely animal eggs of pelnyx sinensis have obvious milky fertilized spots, the fertilized spots of pelnyx sinensis eggs are placed upwards during hatching, the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 30 ℃, and the relative humidity of the constant temperature environment is 80% RH.
Example 8
The same as example 7 except that the temperature of the constant temperature environment was 28 ℃ and the relative humidity of the constant temperature environment was 79% RH, compared with example 7.
Example 9
Same as example 7 except that the temperature of the constant temperature environment was 32 ℃ and the relative humidity of the constant temperature environment was 81% RH, as compared with example 7.
Example 10
The same as example 7 except that the temperature of the constant temperature environment was 29 ℃ as compared with example 7.
Example 11
The same as example 7 except that the temperature of the constant temperature environment was 31 ℃ as compared with example 7.
Example 12
Compared with the example 7, except that deionized water is added into the constant temperature environment, the method is the same as the example 7.
Example 13
A hatching method of fertilized eggs of Chinese softshell turtles comprises the following steps:
selecting Amyda sinensis ovum, placing in constant temperature environment without hatching medium, and hatching under illumination conditions with illumination spectrum of 450nm and illumination intensity of 591 lux. Wherein the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 29 ℃. The relative humidity of the thermostated environment is 79% RH. The soft-shelled turtle egg is fertilized and has fertilized spots, namely, animal of the soft-shelled turtle egg has obvious milky fertilized spots, and the fertilized spots of the soft-shelled turtle egg are placed upwards during hatching.
Example 14
The comparative example was conducted in the same manner as example 13 except that the illumination spectrum was 460nm and the illumination intensity was 739 lux.
Example 15
The comparative example was conducted in the same manner as example 13 except that the illumination spectrum was 455nm and the illumination intensity was 665 lux.
Example 16
The same as example 13 except that the temperature of the constant temperature atmosphere was 31 ℃ and the relative humidity of the constant temperature atmosphere was 81% RH, as compared with example 13.
Example 17
The same as example 13 except that the temperature of the constant temperature atmosphere was 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of the constant temperature atmosphere was 80% RH, as compared with example 13.
It should be noted that in nature, the hatching medium is crucial for Chinese soft-shelled turtles with a complete oviposition reproduction strategy. The hatching medium plays roles of heat preservation, moisture preservation, protection and the like in the process of hatching eggs. However, in the aquaculture of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, the hatching medium is not a necessary condition required for hatching eggs of the soft-shelled turtles or is unknown. Considering that the medium-free incubation mode has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, rapidness and low cost, under the artificial condition, the proper temperature and humidity are controlled, the medium-free incubation mode replaces the traditional medium incubation mode, and the medium-free incubation mode has important practical significance for the large-scale production of Chinese softshell turtles and the genetic operation of embryo development stages. The research result of the invention shows that the incubation period can be obviously shortened (P is less than 0.05) by the non-light medium-free incubation compared with the traditional incubation mode which needs the medium. But had no significant effect on hatchability, weight of newborn larvae, length of dorsal concha, width of dorsal concha, turnover time and survival rate of larvae after 7 days of incubation (P > 0.05). Different hatching media possess different physical properties, of which the two most important factors affecting the hatching of turtles and the characteristics of newborn larvae are temperature and humidity. In the present example, no light medium incubation did not significantly affect the incubation and larval character of soft shell turtle eggs compared to the vermiculite group. This indicates that under the condition of manually controlling proper hatching temperature and humidity, the hatching medium is not necessary for hatching the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs. That is, medium-free hatching is feasible in pelodiscus sinensis with a complete oviposition reproductive strategy.
It is further explained that light, an important ecological factor, is involved in the growth and development of organisms. However, in nature, the incubation of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs with a complete egg-coating and breeding strategy does not need light, so that the illumination is not known at present to be harmful to the incubation of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs and whether the newborn larvae are harmful or not. The research results show that: there was no significant difference between the no light medium group and the no light medium group in hatchability, incubation period, turnover time and survival rate after the larvae had been hatched for 7 days (P > 0.05). However, the light and medium-free group was superior to the light and medium-free group and the medium-containing group in terms of the weight of the larvae, the length of the dorsal beetles and the width of the dorsal beetles (P < 0.05). This is probably because the turtle animals prefer protection in the selection of fully ovulated and ovulated behavioral reproduction strategies, while abandoning the beneficial effects of light on egg hatching and larval development. Therefore, dark conditions do not need to be created in the production, and the influence of normal indoor illumination on the hatching of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs and the characteristics of the newborn larvae is harmless.
In conclusion, egg hatching is an important link for the industrial development of Chinese softshell turtle aquaculture. Compared with the traditional medium incubation mode, the medium-free incubation is more time-saving, more convenient and more cost-saving, and has no obvious influence on the incubation of Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs and newborn larvae. In addition, trionyx sinensis is also increasingly known as a model animal in the field of sex differentiation research. Therefore, the medium-free hatching has production value and scientific research value in the hatching of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs. Light is used as an important ecological factor and participates in the growth and development of the Chinese softshell turtles. In the process of medium-free incubation of the Chinese softshell turtle eggs, normal indoor illumination has no influence on the embryo development and the characteristics of newborn larvae of the Chinese softshell turtles.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the embodiment of the invention provides a Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg hatching method, fertilized Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs are selected and placed in a constant-temperature environment without hatching media for hatching, the method is a simple, convenient and efficient Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg hatching method, the hatching of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs and the characteristics of newborn larvae are favorably influenced by proper illumination under the condition that the hatching media are not necessary for hatching the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs and no hatching media exist, compared with the traditional mode of vermiculite hatching, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle egg hatching method provided by the embodiment of the invention obviously shortens the hatching period, has obvious advantages on the reverse sides of body weight, length of dorsal scales, width of dorsal scales and the like, has the advantages of being simpler, quicker and lower in cost, solves the problem that the Chinese soft-shelled turtle eggs are mostly placed in the hatching media for hatching in the prior art, has the problem of longer hatching period, and is the direction of large-scale breeding and industrial development of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, has wide market prospect.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for hatching fertilized eggs of Chinese softshell turtles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting fertilized eggs of the Chinese softshell turtles, and placing the fertilized eggs in a constant-temperature environment without hatching medium for hatching, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature environment is 25-35 ℃, and the relative humidity of the constant-temperature environment is 75-85% RH;
in the hatching method of the fertilized eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, the fertilized eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles have hatching property, and the fertilized eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles with hatching property refer to the eggs of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles which are fertilized and have fertilized spots;
in the hatching method of the germ cells of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, the side with germ cells of the germ cells which can be hatched is far away from the ground when the germ cells of the Chinese soft-shelled turtles are placed;
the method for hatching the fertilized eggs of the Chinese softshell turtles further comprises a step of illumination, wherein the illumination is to place the fertilized eggs of the Chinese softshell turtles in a constant-temperature environment without a hatching medium and incubate under the illumination conditions that the illumination spectrum is 450-.
2. The method for hatching the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 28 to 32 ℃.
3. The method for hatching the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the constant temperature environment is 29 to 31 ℃.
4. The method for hatching the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtle according to claim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the isothermal environment is 79-81% RH in the method for hatching the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtle.
5. The method for hatching the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtles according to claim 1, wherein a proper amount of water is further added to the constant-temperature environment in the method for hatching the fertilized eggs of Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
6. Use of a method of hatching fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the hatching of animals of the order Testudiniales and/or in the hatching of animals of the family lizardaceae.
7. Use of the method of hatching fertilized eggs of trionyx sinensis according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the mass breeding of aquatic products.
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| CN102696549A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-03 | 王成 | Method for hatching Chinese soft shell turtle egg in medium-free manner |
| CN107624713A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-26 | 广西平南县平原农牧有限公司 | A kind of hatching method of black matrix soft-shelled turtle ovum |
| CN110604095A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥市畜牧水产技术推广中心(合肥市渔政监督管理站) | Batch incubator, incubator chamber and incubation method for Chinese turtles |
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| CN102696549A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-03 | 王成 | Method for hatching Chinese soft shell turtle egg in medium-free manner |
| CN107624713A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-26 | 广西平南县平原农牧有限公司 | A kind of hatching method of black matrix soft-shelled turtle ovum |
| CN110604095A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-12-24 | 合肥市畜牧水产技术推广中心(合肥市渔政监督管理站) | Batch incubator, incubator chamber and incubation method for Chinese turtles |
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