CN112772296A - Liquid strain culture device and culture method for pleurotus eryngii - Google Patents

Liquid strain culture device and culture method for pleurotus eryngii Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112772296A
CN112772296A CN202110252665.1A CN202110252665A CN112772296A CN 112772296 A CN112772296 A CN 112772296A CN 202110252665 A CN202110252665 A CN 202110252665A CN 112772296 A CN112772296 A CN 112772296A
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probe
culture tank
culture
stop point
sleeve
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CN112772296B (en
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万晓芹
张和贵
廖佐琼
杨阳
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Guizhou Guiwang Biotechnology Co ltd
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Guizhou Guiwang Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/40Cultivation of spawn

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  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Abstract

A liquid strain culture device for pleurotus eryngii comprises a culture tank and a pH measuring component. The PH measuring component comprises a plurality of PH measuring electrodes and probes, the probes are arranged in the PH measuring electrodes, and gaps for exposing the PH measuring electrodes are formed in the side walls of the probes. The probe sets up and is close to the tank bottoms setting of culture tank along the diameter direction of culture tank, and the probe runs through culture tank's lateral wall and rather than sliding fit, and the lateral wall sliding seal of probe and culture tank, the probe is by the drive assembly drive. The probe is provided with a first sliding stop point and a second sliding stop point, when the probe is positioned at the first sliding stop point, the notch is positioned in the culture tank, and when the probe is positioned at the second sliding stop point, the notch is positioned outside the culture tank. The method can accurately measure the pH value of the culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is favorable for accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system. The culture method is convenient to operate and can accurately measure the pH value of the culture system.

Description

Liquid strain culture device and culture method for pleurotus eryngii
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of liquid strain culture, in particular to a liquid strain culture device and a culture method for pleurotus eryngii.
Background
When liquid strain culture is carried out, parameters such as temperature, pH value, pressure and the like of a culture system need to be monitored, and the accurate control of the parameters directly relates to the efficiency and the effect of strain culture. However, in the process of culturing liquid strains, the existing equipment has errors in measuring the pH value frequently, and the sensitivity is not high enough, so that the pH value condition of the culture system is not easy to control accurately.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a liquid strain culture device for pleurotus eryngii, which has a simple structure, is convenient to use, can accurately measure the pH value of a culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is favorable for accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a culture method, which is convenient to operate, can accurately measure the PH of the culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is beneficial to accurately controlling the PH of the culture system.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a liquid spawn culture device for pleurotus eryngii, comprising: an incubation tank and a PH measuring assembly.
The PH measuring component comprises a plurality of PH measuring electrodes and probes, the probes are arranged in the PH measuring electrodes, and gaps for exposing the PH measuring electrodes are formed in the side walls of the probes. The probe sets up and is close to the tank bottoms setting of culture tank along the diameter direction of culture tank, and the probe runs through culture tank's lateral wall and rather than sliding fit, and the lateral wall sliding seal of probe and culture tank, the probe is by the drive assembly drive.
The probe is provided with a first sliding stop point and a second sliding stop point, when the probe is positioned at the first sliding stop point, the notch is positioned in the culture tank, and when the probe is positioned at the second sliding stop point, the notch is positioned outside the culture tank.
Furthermore, a plurality of probes are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the culture tank at intervals.
Furthermore, a sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the culture tank, and the sleeve covers the side wall of the culture tank. The outer end of the probe is coaxially connected with a guide rod, and the guide rod penetrates through the end wall of the sleeve and is in sliding fit with the end wall of the sleeve. The guide rod has an external thread and is screw-fitted with a rotating sleeve which is rotatably fitted to the end wall of the sleeve. The driving assembly is arranged on the end wall of the sleeve, and the power output part of the driving assembly is in transmission connection with the rotating sleeve.
Furthermore, a water spraying pipe and an air blowing pipe are arranged on the inner wall of one side, close to the bottom of the culture tank, of the sleeve, and when the probe is located at the second sliding stop point, the water spraying pipe and the air blowing pipe are both arranged towards the notch.
Further, the inner wall of one side of the sleeve close to the bottom of the culture tank is provided with a depressed area, and the depressed area is formed by the depression of the inner wall of the sleeve. The depressed area is filled with the sponge, and the bottom of depressed area is provided with the drain pipe, and the drain pipe has the joint that is used for being connected with negative pressure device.
Furthermore, the bottom of the depressed area is provided with a diversion trench, the diversion trench is formed by the bottom depression of the depressed area, and the diversion trenches are radially distributed along the circumferential direction of the drain pipe.
Further, a sealing structure is arranged between the probe and the side wall of the culture tank, and the sealing structure comprises a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring. First sealing washer and the equal fixed connection of second sealing washer are in the lateral wall of blake jar, and the both sides of second sealing washer are located to two first sealing washer branches, and first sealing washer and second sealing washer are all laminated with the outer wall of probe. The second seal ring has an inner cavity and an inflation conduit for inflating the inner cavity.
Further, along the diameter direction of the second sealing ring, the inner diameter of the inner cavity is one tenth to one eighth of the thickness of the second sealing ring.
Furthermore, the inner side and the outer side of the side wall of the culture tank are both provided with a stop block for preventing the first sealing ring from falling off, and the end part of the first sealing ring is attached to the end part of the second sealing ring.
A culture method using the liquid strain culture device comprises the following steps: and driving the probe from the second sliding stop point to the first sliding stop point by using the driving assembly to measure the pH value. After the measurement is finished, the probe is driven to the second sliding stop point from the first sliding stop point by the driving assembly, water is sprayed into the gap by the water spraying pipe for cleaning, and then the gap is dried by the air blowing pipe.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the use process of the liquid strain culture device for pleurotus eryngii provided by the embodiment of the invention, in order to prolong the service life of the pH measuring electrode and reduce the damage of the culture system to the sensitivity of the pH measuring electrode, when the pH value is not measured, the probe is controlled to be positioned at the second sliding stop point by the driving component, so that the pH measuring electrode is positioned outside the culture tank and is not soaked in the culture system, and the positive significance is provided for prolonging the service life of the pH measuring electrode and ensuring the sensitivity of the pH measuring electrode.
When the PH value needs to be measured, the probe is driven to the first sliding stop point from the second sliding stop point by the driving assembly, the probe extends into the culture tank, the notch enters the culture tank from the outside of the culture tank, and the PH measuring electrode is in contact with the culture system to measure the PH value. After the measurement is finished, the probe is driven to the second sliding stop point from the first sliding stop point by the driving assembly, and then the probe can be drawn out of the culture tank.
In general, the liquid strain culture device for pleurotus eryngii provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, capability of accurately measuring the pH value of the culture system, higher sensitivity and accuracy, and contribution to accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system. The culture method provided by the embodiment of the invention is convenient to operate, can accurately measure the pH value of the culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is favorable for accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid seed culture apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a probe is located at a second sliding stop point;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid seed culture apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a probe is located at a first sliding stop point;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a probe;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sleeve of the liquid spawn culturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another view of a sleeve of the liquid spawn running device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the area a in fig. 1.
Icon: a liquid spawn culturing device 1000; a culture tank 100; a sleeve 110; a recessed region 111; a sponge 112; a drain pipe 113; a diversion trench 114; a spray pipe 120; an air blowing pipe 130; a stopper 140; a pH measuring electrode 200; a probe 300; a notch 310; a guide rod 400; a rotating sleeve 500; a drive assembly 600; a first seal ring 700; a second seal ring 800; an inner cavity 810; an inflation conduit 820.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "parallel," "perpendicular," and the like do not require that the components be absolutely parallel or perpendicular, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "parallel" merely means that the directions are more parallel relative to "perpendicular," and does not mean that the structures are necessarily perfectly parallel, but may be slightly tilted.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
The terms "substantially", "essentially", and the like are intended to indicate that the relative terms are not required to be absolutely exact, but may have some deviation. For example: "substantially equal" does not mean absolute equality, but it is difficult to achieve absolute equality in actual production and operation, and some deviation generally exists. Thus, in addition to absolute equality, "substantially equal" also includes the above-described case where there is some deviation. In this case, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "substantially", and the like are used in a similar manner to those described above.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a liquid spawn culturing apparatus 1000 for pleurotus eryngii, the liquid spawn culturing apparatus 1000 comprising: an incubation tank 100 and a PH measuring assembly.
The PH measuring assembly includes a plurality of PH measuring electrodes 200 and a probe 300, the PH measuring electrodes 200 are disposed in the probe 300, and a gap 310 for exposing the PH measuring electrodes 200 is formed on a sidewall of the probe 300. The probe 300 is arranged along the diameter direction of the culture tank 100 and close to the bottom of the culture tank 100, the probe 300 penetrates through the side wall of the culture tank 100 and is in sliding fit with the side wall of the culture tank 100, the probe 300 is in sliding seal with the side wall of the culture tank 100, the culture solution leakage is avoided, and the probe 300 is driven by the driving assembly 600.
The probe 300 has a first sliding stop and a second sliding stop, and when the probe 300 is located at the first sliding stop, the notch 310 is located inside the culture tank 100, and when the probe 300 is located at the second sliding stop, the notch 310 is located outside the culture tank 100.
In the using process, in order to prolong the service life of the PH measuring electrode 200 and reduce the damage of the culture system to the sensitivity of the PH measuring electrode 200, when the PH value is not measured, the driving component 600 is used for controlling the probe 300 to be positioned at the second sliding stop point, so that the PH measuring electrode 200 is positioned outside the culture tank 100 and is not soaked in the culture system, and the PH measuring electrode has positive significance for prolonging the service life of the PH measuring electrode 200 and ensuring the sensitivity of the PH measuring electrode 200.
When the pH value needs to be measured, the probe 300 is driven from the second sliding stop point to the first sliding stop point by the driving assembly 600, the probe 300 extends into the culture tank 100, the notch 310 enters the culture tank 100 from the outside of the culture tank 100, and the pH measuring electrode 200 is in contact with the culture system to measure the pH value. After the measurement is completed, the probe 300 can be withdrawn from the culture tank 100 by driving the probe 300 from the first stop to the second stop by the driving assembly 600.
Generally, the liquid strain culture device 1000 has a simple structure, is convenient to use, can accurately measure the pH value of a culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is beneficial to accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system.
Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of probes 300 are uniformly spaced along the circumference of the culture tank 100 for measuring the PH of each part in the culture tank 100 to reduce interference and errors caused by local differences.
Further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, a sleeve 110 is disposed outside the culture tank 100, and the sleeve 110 covers the sidewall of the culture tank 100 and is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the culture tank 100. The outer end of the probe 300 is coaxially connected with a guide rod 400, and the guide rod 400 penetrates through the end wall of the sleeve 110 and is in sliding fit with the end wall of the sleeve 110.
The guide rod 400 is externally threaded and is threadedly engaged with a rotating sleeve 500, the rotating sleeve 500 being rotatably engaged with the end wall of the sleeve 110. The driving assembly 600 is mounted on the end wall of the sleeve 110, and the power output part of the driving assembly 600 is in transmission connection with the rotating sleeve 500.
The driving assembly 600 drives the guide rod 400 to move along the length direction thereof by driving the rotating sleeve 500, thereby controlling the probe 300 to be inserted into the culture tank 100 or withdrawn from the culture tank 100.
The inner wall of the sleeve 110 on the side close to the bottom of the culture tank 100 is provided with a water spray pipe 120 and an air blow pipe 130, and the outlet parts of the water spray pipe 120 and the air blow pipe 130 are provided with pressurizing heads so as to facilitate the water and air to be sprayed out. When the probe 300 is at the second sliding stop point, the water jet 120 and the air blowing tube 130 are both disposed toward the notch 310.
After the PH is measured, the probe 300 slides from the first sliding stop point to the second sliding stop point, water is sprayed into the gap 310 by the water spraying pipe 120 to clean the PH measuring electrode 200, and then the gap 310 and the PH measuring electrode 200 are dried by the air blowing pipe 130. Therefore, the residual liquid after the last measurement cannot interfere with the next measurement, the trouble of manual cleaning is avoided, the sensitivity of the PH measuring electrode 200 is improved, the corrosion to the PH measuring electrode 200 is effectively reduced, and the service life of the PH measuring electrode 200 is prolonged.
Further, the inner wall of the sleeve 110 on the side near the bottom of the culture tank 100 has a depressed area 111, and the depressed area 111 is formed by the depression of the inner wall of the sleeve 110. The recessed area 111 is filled with a sponge 112, and the bottom of the recessed area 111 is provided with a drain pipe 113, the drain pipe 113 having a joint for connection with a negative pressure device. After the washing of the PH measuring electrode 200 is completed, the water for washing flows to the bottom side of the sleeve 110 and is discharged through the drain pipe 113. The sponge 112 can greatly improve the water adsorption, the residue is avoided, and the negative pressure device combined with the drain pipe 113 can sufficiently suck out the washing water.
The bottom of the recessed area 111 is provided with a guide groove 114, the guide groove 114 is formed by recessing the bottom of the recessed area 111, and the guide grooves 114 are radially distributed along the circumferential direction of the drain pipe 113. The guide grooves 114 can effectively improve the efficiency of water entering the drain pipe 113 from the depressed area 111 and the sponge 112, and improve the drainage effect.
Further, referring to fig. 6, a sealing structure is disposed between the probe 300 and the sidewall of the culture tank 100, and the sealing structure includes a first sealing ring 700 and a second sealing ring 800. First sealing washer 700 and the equal fixed connection of second sealing washer 800 are in the lateral wall of culture tank 100, and two first sealing washers 700 divide and locate the both sides of second sealing washer 800, and first sealing washer 700 and the laminating of the outer wall of the equal same probe 300 of second sealing washer 800. The second seal ring 800 has an interior chamber 810 and an inflation conduit 820 for inflating the interior chamber 810.
The inner cavity 810 of the second sealing ring 800 is inflated by the inflation pipe 820, so that the sealing effect of the second sealing ring 800 and the stabilizing effect on the probe 300 can be greatly improved.
When the probe 300 moves, the internal pressure of the second sealing ring 800 can be slightly reduced, so that the probe 300 can slide conveniently, and after the probe 300 slides in place, the internal pressure of the second sealing ring 800 is increased again, so that the probe 300 can be stabilized, and the sealing effect can be further improved.
The inner diameter a of the inner cavity 810 is one tenth to one eighth of the thickness b of the second sealing ring 800 in the diameter direction of the second sealing ring 800. In this embodiment, the inner diameter a of the inner cavity 810 is one ninth of the thickness b of the second sealing ring 800. Due to the design, the inner cavity 810 does not have negative effects on the overall strength of the second sealing ring 800, the inner cavity 810 is pressurized, the overall structure of the second sealing ring 800 cannot be damaged, and the second sealing ring 800 still has a stronger sealing effect while the original structure is maintained.
The inner side and the outer side of the sidewall of the culture tank 100 are provided with stoppers 140 for preventing the first sealing ring 700 from coming off, and the end of the first sealing ring 700 is attached to the end of the second sealing ring 800. When the inner cavity 810 of the second sealing ring 800 is inflated and pressurized, the attaching force between the second sealing ring 800 and the first sealing ring 700 can be further improved, the first sealing ring 700 is extruded, and the sealing and stabilizing effects of the first sealing ring 700 on the probe 300 are also enhanced under the co-extrusion effect of the stop block 140 and the second sealing ring 800.
In the present embodiment, the PH measuring electrode 200 is located in the gap 310 of the probe 300, and the gap 310 is located at the lower part of the probe body of the probe 300, so that it is ensured that the PH measuring electrode 200 is not easily contacted with the residual liquid after the PH measuring electrode 200 is cleaned.
The probe 300 and the guide rod 400 are both hollow structures for the lead wires of the PH measuring electrode 200 to pass through.
This embodiment also provides a culture method using the above liquid strain culture apparatus 1000, which includes: the probe 300 is driven from the second sliding stop point to the first sliding stop point by the driving assembly 600, and the PH measurement is performed. After the measurement is completed, the probe 300 is driven from the first sliding stop point to the second sliding stop point by the driving assembly 600, and water is sprayed into the gap 310 by the water spraying pipe 120 for cleaning, and then the gap 310 is dried by the air blowing pipe 130.
To sum up, the liquid strain culture device 1000 has a simple structure, is convenient to use, can accurately measure the pH value of a culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is beneficial to accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system. The culture method is convenient to operate, can accurately measure the pH value of the culture system, has higher sensitivity and accuracy, and is favorable for accurately controlling the pH value condition of the culture system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A liquid spawn culture apparatus for pleurotus eryngii, comprising: a culture tank and a pH measuring component;
the PH measuring assembly comprises a plurality of PH measuring electrodes and a probe, the PH measuring electrodes are arranged in the probe, and a gap for exposing the PH measuring electrodes is formed in the side wall of the probe; the probe is arranged along the diameter direction of the culture tank and close to the bottom of the culture tank, penetrates through the side wall of the culture tank and is in sliding fit with the side wall of the culture tank, the probe is in sliding seal with the side wall of the culture tank, and the probe is driven by a driving assembly;
the probe is provided with a first sliding stop point and a second sliding stop point, when the probe is positioned at the first sliding stop point, the notch is positioned inside the culture tank, and when the probe is positioned at the second sliding stop point, the notch is positioned outside the culture tank.
2. The liquid seed culture apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of probes are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the culture tank.
3. The liquid spawn culturing device according to claim 1, wherein a sleeve is provided outside the culture tank, and the sleeve covers a side wall of the culture tank; the outer end of the probe is coaxially connected with a guide rod, and the guide rod penetrates through the end wall of the sleeve and is in sliding fit with the end wall of the sleeve; the guide rod is provided with an external thread and is in threaded fit with a rotating sleeve, and the rotating sleeve is rotatably matched with the end wall of the sleeve; the driving assembly is arranged on the end wall of the sleeve, and a power output part of the driving assembly is in transmission connection with the rotating sleeve.
4. The liquid spawn culturing device according to claim 3, wherein a water spray pipe and an air blow pipe are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve on the side close to the bottom of the culture tank, and both the water spray pipe and the air blow pipe face the notch when the probe is located at the second sliding stop point.
5. The liquid seed culture device according to claim 4, wherein the inner wall of the sleeve on the side close to the bottom of the culture tank is provided with a concave area, and the concave area is formed by the concave of the inner wall of the sleeve; the depressed area is filled with the sponge, the bottom of depressed area is provided with the drain pipe, the drain pipe has the joint that is used for being connected with negative pressure device.
6. The liquid spawn culturing device according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of flow guiding grooves are formed in the bottom of the recessed area, and are radially distributed along the circumferential direction of the drainage pipe.
7. The liquid seed culture device according to claim 6, wherein a sealing structure is provided between the probe and the side wall of the culture tank, the sealing structure comprising a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring; the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are fixedly connected to the side wall of the culture tank, the two first sealing rings are respectively arranged on two sides of the second sealing ring, and the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are attached to the outer wall of the probe; the second sealing ring is provided with an inner cavity and an inflation pipeline used for inflating the inner cavity.
8. The liquid seed culture apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the inner diameter of the inner cavity is one tenth to one eighth of the thickness of the second seal ring in the diameter direction of the second seal ring.
9. The liquid seed culture device according to claim 7, wherein the side wall of the culture tank is provided at both the inside and the outside with a stopper for preventing the first sealing ring from coming off, and the end of the first sealing ring is attached to the end of the second sealing ring.
10. A culture method using the liquid seed culture apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 9, comprising:
driving the probe from the second sliding stop point to the first sliding stop point by using the driving assembly to measure the pH value;
after the measurement is finished, the probe is driven to the second sliding stop point from the first sliding stop point by the driving assembly, water is sprayed into the gap by the water spraying pipe for cleaning, and then the gap is dried by the air blowing pipe.
CN202110252665.1A 2021-03-09 2021-03-09 Liquid strain culture device and culture method for pleurotus eryngii Active CN112772296B (en)

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