CN112768946B - Ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112768946B CN112768946B CN202011611798.5A CN202011611798A CN112768946B CN 112768946 B CN112768946 B CN 112768946B CN 202011611798 A CN202011611798 A CN 202011611798A CN 112768946 B CN112768946 B CN 112768946B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gain
- arc
- ultra
- impedance matching
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Landscapes
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna, relates to a wireless communication equipment component, and aims to solve the problem of insufficient bandwidth and gain in the prior art. Comprises a bottom plate, an open back cavity and a dipole; the lower port of the open back cavity is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the upper port of the open back cavity is expanded outwards; the dipole is arranged in the middle of the lower port of the open back cavity and is electrically connected with the feed port of the bottom plate; the two electromagnetic poles in the dipole are structurally symmetrical: the electromagnetic pole comprises a vertical rod, an arc rod and a cross rod which are connected in sequence, the cross rods of the two electromagnetic poles extend in a back direction, and spherical protrusions are arranged at the positions, close to the arc rod, of the cross rods. The method has the advantages that the impedance bandwidth from 4.1GHz to 14.3GHz is realized, and the C-band and the X-band are all covered, and a small part of the Ku band is covered. The gain of the antenna in the bandwidth can reach 10-18.7 dBi, the whole scheme realizes ultra-wideband high-gain radiation, and the ultra-wideband high-gain antenna is particularly suitable for radar technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a component of wireless communication equipment, in particular to an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the requirements of wireless communication systems for antennas are continuously increasing, and in order to accommodate both the original frequency band and the increasing frequency bands, such as PCS, LTE, WLAN, Sub 6G, etc., the antennas should have a wider operating frequency band.
The dipole antenna realizes the same radiation pattern on two polarization surfaces, and has a series of good characteristics of low back lobe, low cross polarization, stable gain and the like. However, the prior art has many disadvantages, firstly, only the most basic dipole structure is adopted, so that the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth are narrow, and only the most basic communication frequency band can be covered. In addition, the gain is low due to the adoption of only a single reflecting plate structure, and the application range of the reflecting plate is greatly limited.
With the rapid development of fifth-generation mobile communications in recent years, millimeter-wave antennas have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. The mobile communication has very wide frequency spectrum resources in a millimeter wave frequency band, can realize high-speed data transmission, has the speed of several Gbits per second, and is expected to wirelessly transmit uncompressed high-definition images and ultra-fast file transmission in the future. As an important component of a communication system, there is an increasing demand for low-cost, wide-bandwidth, and high-gain millimeter-wave antennas or arrays. Researchers have proposed many different types of millimeter-wave antennas with superior performance, such as cavity-backed antennas, slot antennas, patch antennas, and the like. It is well known that dual-polarized antenna arrays operating in low frequency bands are widely used in wireless communication systems due to the advantages of dual-polarized antennas in polarization diversity and improved channel capacity
The dipole antenna can be added with a back cavity to reduce the influence of the platform, but the working efficiency is lower, and the reliability and the manufacturability are poorer. For application platforms requiring high broadband and high gain, the prior art schemes cannot meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna to solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention relates to an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna, which comprises a bottom plate, an open back cavity and a dipole; the lower port of the open type back cavity is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the upper port of the open type back cavity is expanded outwards; the dipole is arranged in the middle of the lower port of the open back cavity and is electrically connected with the feed port of the bottom plate; two electromagnetic poles in the dipole are symmetrical in structure: the electromagnetic pole comprises a vertical rod, an arc rod and a cross rod which are connected in sequence, the cross rods of the two electromagnetic poles extend in a back direction, and spherical protrusions are arranged at the positions, close to the arc rod, of the cross rods.
The axis of the cross rod passes through the spherical center of the spherical bulge.
The lower end face of the impedance matching module is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the bottom plate, two vertical through holes are formed in the impedance matching module, and each through hole is respectively sleeved on the outer side of a vertical rod in a non-contact mode.
The cross section of the impedance matching module is oval, and the axis of the through hole is intersected with the long axis of the oval and is perpendicular to the plane of the oval.
The open type back cavity is formed by enclosing two oppositely arranged side flat plates and two oppositely arranged arc plates.
The side flat plate is in an inverted trapezoid shape and forms a non-zero included angle with the bottom plate, and the included angle between the plane of the side flat plate, which is far away from one side of the dipole, and the bottom plate is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees.
The two arc plates which are oppositely arranged are two opposite side wall parts on the same circular table.
The whole body is made of metal.
The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna has the advantages that the impedance bandwidth from 4.1GHz to 14.3GHz is realized, and all C wave bands and X wave bands and a small part of Ku wave bands are covered. The relative bandwidth can reach 110% at most, the port reflection coefficient in the bandwidth is smaller than-10 dBi, the antenna gain in the bandwidth can reach 10-18.7 dBi, and the whole scheme realizes ultra-wideband high-gain radiation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the open back cavity of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the dipole and impedance matching module of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing a simulation of the reflection coefficient of the impedance matching module of the present invention with respect to the change in height of the dip stick.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a simulation curve of the reflection coefficient of the impedance matching module according to the present invention with respect to the variation of the inner diameter of the through hole.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a simulation of the change in reflection coefficient with respect to the change in diameter of the spherical protrusion according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of a simulation of the reflection coefficient of the spherical protrusion of the present invention versus the change in the distance of the arc rod.
Fig. 9 is a graph of a gain simulation of the impedance matching module of the present invention with respect to changes in the height of the dip stick.
FIG. 10 is a graph of a simulated gain of the spherical protrusion of the present invention versus the change in arc rod distance.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a simulation curve of the gain of the relative change of the radius of the arc at the lower end of the arc plate.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing a simulation curve of the gain of the relative change of the radius of the arc at the upper end of the arc plate according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a graph of a gain simulation of the relative change of the arc chord length of the upper end of the arc plate.
Fig. 14 is a graph of gain simulation for the relative change in vertical height of the open back cavity of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a graph of a gain simulation of the relative change of the arc chord length of the lower end of the arc plate.
Fig. 16 is a graph of a simulation of the reflection coefficient of an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna of the present invention at optimal parameters.
Fig. 17 is a graph illustrating a simulation of gain of an ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna according to the present invention under optimum parameters.
Reference numerals:
10-a bottom plate: 11-a feeding port;
20-open back cavity: 21-side flat plate, 22-arc plate;
30-impedance matching module: 31-a through hole;
40-dipole: 41-vertical rod, 42-arc rod, 43-transverse rod and 44-spherical bulge.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna of the present invention is made of metal as a whole: comprising a backplane 10, an open back cavity 20, an impedance matching module 30 and a dipole 40. The antenna has a very simple structure, does not need other media except a metal structure, and can play a great role in the fields of wireless communication, high-resolution radar detection and the like.
The middle part of the bottom plate 10 is provided with two feeding ports 11 communicating the upper surface and the lower surface.
The lower port of the open back cavity 20 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the bottom plate 10, and the upper port is extended outwards. Is formed by mutually surrounding two oppositely arranged side flat plates 21 and two oppositely arranged arc plates 22 at intervals. The side flat plate 21 is in an inverted trapezoid shape and forms a non-zero included angle with the bottom plate 10, and the included angle between the plane of the side flat plate 21 far away from the dipole 40 and the bottom plate 10 is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees. For better signal radiation, the angle is preferably less than 90 °. The two arc plates 22 arranged oppositely are two opposite side wall parts on the same circular table. The structure of the open back cavity 20 is geometrically understood to be that a hollow circular truncated cone with only side wall thickness is divided by two symmetrical cutting flat plates, the rest part of the circular truncated cone between the cutting flat plates is two arc plates 22, and the part of the cutting flat plate between the two arc plates 22 is the side flat plate 21.
The dipole 40 is disposed in the middle of the lower port of the open back cavity 20 and electrically connected to the feeding port 11 of the bottom plate 10. The two electromagnetic poles in the dipole 40 are structurally symmetrical: the electromagnetic pole comprises a vertical rod 41, an arc rod 42 and a cross rod 43 which are connected in sequence, the cross rods 43 of the two electromagnetic poles extend oppositely, and spherical protrusions 44 are arranged at the positions, close to the arc rod 42, of the cross rods 43. The axis of the cross bar 43 passes through the center of the spherical protrusion 44. The drop bar 41 and the cross bar 43 form a 90 ° angle, and the arc bar 42 is 1/4 arc.
The lower end surface of the impedance matching module 30 is fixedly connected with the upper end surface of the bottom plate 10, and two vertical through holes 31 are arranged in the impedance matching module 30. Each through hole 31 is sleeved outside a vertical rod 41 in a non-contact manner to form capacitive impedance to the dipole 40. The cross section of the impedance matching module 30 is an ellipse, and the axis of the through hole 31 is intersected with the long axis of the ellipse and is perpendicular to the plane of the ellipse.
The working principle of the ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna is as follows:
parameter definition: l1The length of a single electromagnetic pole is the length of the axis of the lower end of the vertical rod 41 passing through the arc rod 42 to the free end of the cross rod 43 in sequence; h is1Height of the impedance matching block 30, d1The inner diameter of the through hole 31; d2Is the diameter of the spherical projection 44,/2Is the distance between the spherical bulge 44 and the arc rod 42Separating; h is2Vertical height, R, of open back cavity 20bIs the radius of the arc at the lower end of the arc plate 22, CbIs the chord length of the arc at the lower end of the arc plate 22, and the center of the circle is positioned at the central point of the lower end surface of the open back cavity 20; rtIs the radius of the arc at the upper end of the arc plate 22, CtIs the chord length of the arc at the upper end of the arc plate 22, and the center of the circle is located at the central point of the upper end surface of the open back cavity 20.
1. With respect to operating frequency
Operating frequency f satisfies the formula
In the formula, k is a proportionality coefficient. The operating frequency of the antenna is inversely proportional to the length of the individual electromagnetic poles.
2. Regarding impedance bandwidth
The impedance bandwidth is mainly affected by the following four parameters: height h of impedance matching module1Inner diameter d of through hole1Diameter d of the spherical projection2And the distance l between the spherical bulge and the arc rod2。
2.1 height h of impedance matching Module1The variation effect, as shown in fig. 5, is that four different curves correspond to four different heights of the impedance matching module, respectively. Wherein the curve (1) corresponds to the height h1Is 30% of the height of the vertical rod, and the curve (2) corresponds to the height h170% of the height of the vertical rod, and the curve (3) corresponds to the height h1The height of the vertical rod is 100 percent, and the curve (4) corresponds to the height h1Is 123% of the height of the drop rod.
Curves (1) and (2) show that when the height of the impedance matching module is not higher than 70% of the height of the pole of the electromagnet, the impedance matching module hardly works and the reflection coefficient of the antenna in the working frequency band is poor.
The curve (3) shows that when the height of the impedance matching module is close to that of the electromagnetic pole vertical pole, the impedance matching module can play a good impedance matching adjusting role, the antenna is good in impedance matching in the working frequency band, and the antenna has a relative impedance bandwidth of 110%. Therefore, the height of the impedance matching module is preferably equal to or close to the height of the dip stick.
The curve (4) shows that when the height of the impedance matching module is greater than that of the vertical rod, the impedance matching module only acts in a part of working frequency bands of the antenna, the reflection coefficient can be smaller than-10 dB in the part of working frequency bands, and other channels are difficult to obtain ideal reflection coefficients.
2.2 through-hole inner diameter d of impedance matching Module1The effect of the variation, as shown in FIG. 6, is that four different curves are for four different bore diameters, respectively. Wherein the curve (1) corresponds to the inner diameter d1Is 1 time of the diameter of the vertical rod, and the curve (2) corresponds to the inner diameter d1Is 2.5 times of the diameter of the vertical rod, and the curve (3) corresponds to the inner diameter d1Is 3.5 times of the diameter of the vertical rod, and the curve (4) corresponds to the inner diameter d1Is 5 times of the diameter of the vertical rod,
the curve (1) shows that when the inner diameter of the through hole of the impedance matching module is too small, the impedance matching module only acts in a high-frequency band of working frequency, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna in the working frequency band is good or bad.
Curves (2) and (3) show that when the inner diameter of the through hole of the impedance matching module is about 3 times of the diameter of the electromagnetic pole rod, the impedance matching module can play a good role in impedance matching adjustment, and the antenna has good impedance matching in a working frequency band. Therefore, the preferred value of the inner diameter of the impedance matching module is 3 times the diameter of the dip rod.
Curve (4) shows that when the inner diameter of the through hole of the impedance matching module is too large, the module only acts in the high frequency band of the working frequency band of the antenna, and the reflection coefficient of less than-10 dB can be realized in the high frequency band of the working frequency band.
2.3 diameter d of the spherical projection2The effect of the variation, as shown in fig. 7, is that four different curves correspond to four different diameters of the spherical projection, respectively. Wherein the curve (1) corresponds to the diameter d1Is 1.1 times of the diameter of the cross rod, and the curve (2) corresponds to the diameter d1Is 2 times of the diameter of the cross rod, and the curve (3) corresponds to the diameter d1Is 3 times of the diameter of the cross rod, and the curve (4) corresponds to the diameter d1Is 5 times of the diameter of the cross bar,
curve (1) shows that when the diameter of the spherical projection is too small, it only acts in the low frequency band of the operating frequency, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna in the operating frequency band is good or bad.
Curves (2) and (3) show that when the diameter of the spherical bulge is about 2.5 times of the diameter of the electromagnetic pole rod, the antenna can play a good impedance matching and adjusting role, and the antenna has good impedance matching in a working frequency band. Therefore, a preferred value of the diameter of the spherical protrusion is 2.5 times the diameter of the cross bar.
Curve (4) shows that when the diameter of the spherical protrusion is too large, it only acts in the low frequency band of the operating frequency band of the antenna, and a reflection coefficient of less than-10 dB can be achieved in the low frequency band of the operating frequency band.
2.4 distance l of the spherical projection from the arc rod2The effect of the variation, as shown in fig. 8, is that four different curves correspond to four different distances of the spherical projection from the arc rod, respectively. Wherein, curve (1) corresponds the unlimited arc pole that is close of globular arch, and curve (2) correspond the distance of globular arch and arc pole about horizontal pole 30% length, and curve (3) correspond the distance of globular arch and arc pole about horizontal pole 60% length, and curve (4) correspond the distance of globular arch and arc pole and reach the biggest.
The curve (1) shows that when the spherical bulge is infinitely close to the arc rod, the antenna can play a good impedance matching and adjusting role, the antenna has good impedance matching in the working frequency band, and the antenna has 110% of relative impedance bandwidth. Therefore, the distance of the spherical projection from the arc rod is preferably zero or slightly greater than zero.
Curves (2), (3) and (4) all show that when the spherical bulge is gradually far away from the arc rod, the module only acts in the low frequency band of the working frequency band of the antenna, and the reflection coefficient smaller than-10 dB can be realized in the low frequency band of the working frequency band. In particular, when the spherical projection is close to the free end of the cross-bar, the module is hardly functional and the antenna has a poor reflection coefficient in the operating frequency band.
3. With respect to radiation characteristics
The radiation characteristics are mainly influenced by the following seven parameters: height h of impedance matching module1The distance l of the spherical bulge relative to the arc rod2Radius R of arc at lower end of arc platebRadius R of arc at upper end of arc platetRadius C of arc at upper end of arc platebChord length C of arc at upper end of arc platetAnd a vertical height h2。
3.1 height h of impedance matching Module1The variation effect is shown in fig. 9, where four different curves correspond to four different heights of the impedance module on the picture. Wherein the curve (1) corresponds to the height h1Is 30% of the height of the vertical rod, and the curve (2) corresponds to the height h170% of the height of the vertical rod, and the curve (3) corresponds to the height h1The height of the vertical rod is 100 percent, and the curve (4) corresponds to the height h1Is 123% of the height of the drop rod.
The curve (1) and the curve (2) show that when the height of the impedance matching module is not higher than 70% of the height of the electromagnetic pole vertical pole, the gain of the antenna in the frequency band of 8-14 GHz is sharply reduced. When the height of the module is lower than 70% of the height of the pole droop, the lower the height of the module, the lower the gain of the antenna.
Curves (3) and (4) show that when the height of the impedance matching module is close to the height of the pole pendant, or when the module height is greater than the height of the pole pendant, i.e., the module reaches a height that also partially surrounds the pole portion of the pole, the change in the height of the module has little effect on the antenna gain.
3.2 distance l of the spherical projection from the arc rod2The effect of the variation, as shown in fig. 10, is that four different curves correspond to four different distances of the spherical projection relative to the arc rod on the picture. Wherein, curve (1) corresponds the unlimited arc pole that is close of globular arch, and curve (2) correspond the distance of globular arch and arc pole about horizontal pole 30% length, and curve (3) correspond the distance of globular arch and arc pole about horizontal pole 60% length, and curve (4) correspond the distance of globular arch and arc pole and reach the biggest.
Curves (1) and (2) show that when the spherical bulge is close to the arc rod, the gain of the antenna in the working frequency band is higher and can reach 19dBi at most.
Curves (3) and (4) show that the gain of the antenna in the operating frequency band gradually decreases as the spherical bulge gradually moves away from the arc rod. In particular, when the knob approaches the free end of the beam, the gain of the antenna drops by about 1.5dBi compared to the case of optimal gain.
3.3 radius R of arc at lower end of arc platebInfluence of variationAs shown in fig. 11, four different curves correspond to four different conditions of the radius of the arc at the lower end of the arc plate, and the center of the arc coincides with the center point of the lower end surface of the back cavity. Wherein, the curve (1) corresponds to the radius R of the lower end circular arcbThe horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod is 1.3 times, and the radius R of the curve (2) corresponding to the arc at the lower endbThe horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod is 1.7 times, and the radius R of the curve (3) corresponding to the arc at the lower endbThe horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod is 2 times, and the radius R of the curve (4) corresponding to the arc at the lower endbWhich is 2.2 times the horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross bar.
Curve (1) shows that the gain of the antenna is higher as the arc at the lower end of the arc plate of the back cavity is closer to the electromagnetic pole. However, the back cavity has a large influence on the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, and the impedance matching of the antenna becomes poor, so that the antenna cannot obtain a relative impedance bandwidth of 110%.
Curve (2) shows that when the distance between the arc at the lower end of the arc plate of the back cavity and the electromagnetic pole is proper and is about 1.7 times of the horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod, the gain of the antenna is high, meanwhile, the back cavity has little influence on the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, the relative impedance bandwidth is still 110%, and curve (2) corresponds to the optimal parameters meeting the requirements of large impedance bandwidth and high gain.
Curves (3) and (4) show that the gain of the antenna is lower as the arc at the lower end of the back cavity arc plate is farther away from the electromagnetic pole.
3.4 radius R of arc at upper end of arc platetThe variation influence is that as shown in fig. 12, four different curves respectively correspond to four different conditions of the radius of the arc at the upper end of the arc plate, and the circle center of the arc coincides with the central point of the upper end surface of the back cavity. Wherein, the curve (1) corresponds to the radius R of the circular arc at the upper endtThe horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross bar is 2.5 times, and the radius R of the curve (2) corresponding to the circular arc at the upper endtThe horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod is 3 times, and the radius R of the curve (3) corresponding to the circular arc at the upper endtThe horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross bar is 3.5 times, and the radius R of the curve (4) corresponding to the circular arc at the upper end t4 times the horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross bar.
Curve (1) shows that when the arc at the upper end of the back cavity arc plate is close to the electromagnetic pole and is about 2.5 times of the horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod, the gain of the antenna is improved by 1dBi at 7-10 GHz, but is reduced by 1.5dBi at 11-14 GHz, compared with curve (2).
Curve (2) shows that when the distance between the arc at the upper end of the arc plate of the back cavity and the electromagnetic pole is proper, which is about 3 times of the horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod, the gain of the antenna is better. Compared with the curve (1), although the gain of the antenna at 7-10 GHz is slightly reduced by 1dBi, the gain at 11-14 GHz is improved by 1.5 dBi. The curve (2) corresponds to the situation as the optimal parameter.
Curves (3) and (4) show that the gain of the antenna is lower when the arc at the upper end of the back cavity arc plate is farther away from the electromagnetic pole and is more than 3 times of the horizontal distance from the central point to the free end of the cross rod.
3.5 chord length C of arc at upper end of arc platetThe variation influence is that as shown in fig. 13, four different curves respectively correspond to four different conditions of the chord length of the arc at the upper end of the arc plate, and the circle center coincides with the central point of the upper end surface of the back cavity. Wherein the curve (1) corresponds to the chord length C of the upper end circular arctThe length of the minor axis of the elliptic cross section of the impedance matching module is 9 times, and the chord length C of the curve (2) corresponding to the circular arc at the upper endtThe length of the minor axis of the elliptic cross section of the impedance matching module is 10 times, and the chord length C of the curve (3) corresponding to the circular arc at the upper endtThe length of the minor axis of the elliptic cross section of the impedance matching module is 12 times, and the chord length C of the curve (4) corresponding to the circular arc at the upper endtIs 13 times the length of the minor axis of the elliptical cross-section of the impedance matching block.
Curve (1) shows that the gain of the antenna decreases when the upper end of the cavity-backed side plate is close to the electromagnetic pole.
Curve (2) shows that when the distance between the upper end of the cavity-backed side plate and the electromagnetic pole is moderate and is about 10 times of the length of the short axis of the elliptical cross section of the impedance matching module, the antenna has the optimal gain, and the gain is improved by 1dBi compared with curve (1).
Curves (3) and (4) show that when the upper end of the cavity-backed side plate is far away from the electromagnetic pole and the distance is greater than or equal to 12 times of the length of the minor axis of the elliptical cross section of the impedance matching module, the change of the distance between the upper end of the cavity-backed side plate and the electromagnetic pole has little influence on the antenna gain.
3.6 vertical height h of the Back Cavity2The effect of the variation, as shown in fig. 14, is that four different curves correspond to four different vertical heights, respectively. Wherein, curve (1) corresponds back of the body chamber upper end horizontal plane and is less than globular protruding lower extreme, and curve (2) correspond back of the body chamber upper end horizontal plane and horizontal pole axis coincidence, and curve (3) correspond back of the body chamber upper end horizontal plane and are a little higher than globular protruding upper end, and curve (4) correspond back of the body chamber vertical height and are about 2 times pole length of hanging down.
Curves (1) and (2) show that the gain of the antenna in the operating frequency band decreases when the vertical height of the back cavity is less than the optimum parameter.
On the premise of realizing 110% of relative impedance bandwidth, the curve (3) corresponds to the condition as the optimal parameter, namely the horizontal plane at the upper end of the back cavity is slightly higher than the upper end of the spherical bulge.
The curve (4) shows that when the vertical height of the back cavity is larger than the optimal parameter, the gain of the antenna is increased in the 6-9 GHz frequency band, but is decreased in the 10-14 GHz frequency band.
3.7 chord length C of arc at lower end of arc platebThe variation influence is that as shown in fig. 15, four different curves respectively correspond to four different conditions of the chord length of the arc at the lower end of the arc plate, and the circle center coincides with the central point of the lower end surface of the back cavity. Wherein the curve (1) corresponds to the chord length C of the lower end circular arcbThe length of the minor axis of the elliptic cross section of the impedance matching module is 4 times, and the chord length C of the curve (2) corresponding to the circular arc at the lower endbThe length of the minor axis of the elliptic cross section of the impedance matching module is 4.5 times, and the chord length C of the curve (3) corresponding to the circular arc at the lower endbThe length of the minor axis of the elliptic cross section of the impedance matching module is 6 times, and the chord length C of the curve (4) corresponding to the circular arc at the lower endbIs 8 times the length of the minor axis of the elliptical cross-section of the impedance matching block.
Curves (1) and (2) show that the gain of the antenna decreases when the lower end of the cavity-backed side plate is close to the electromagnetic pole.
The curve (3) shows that when the distance between the lower end of the cavity-backed side plate and the electromagnetic pole is moderate and is about 6 times of the length of the short axis of the elliptical cross section of the impedance matching module, the antenna has higher gain, and the condition corresponding to the curve (3) is the optimal parameter.
Curve (4) shows that when the lower end of the cavity-backed side plate is far away from the electromagnetic pole and is greater than or equal to 8 times of the length of the minor axis of the elliptical cross section of the impedance matching module, the gain of the antenna at 5-8 GHz is slightly improved, but the impedance matching of the antenna is poor at the moment, and the bandwidth of the antenna is reduced.
In summary, the highly symmetric open-type back cavity 20 is similar to an optically concave mirror with a light-gathering effect, and can gather the diverging electromagnetic waves in the same direction, so that the antenna has high-gain radiation in the zenith direction. The impedance adjustment of the antenna mainly plays a role through the size and the relative position of the spherical bulge 44, and then the effect of high bandwidth and high gain is realized by matching with the specific parameter selection of the impedance matching module 30. In the extreme case, the adjustment of the fit can be done solely by the spherical projection 44. However, it is better that the number of the spherical protrusions 44 is not set more, and it is found from the research that the impedance characteristic of the antenna is not improved when the number of the spherical protrusions 44 is two or more. And while achieving the high bandwidth and high gain objectives of the present invention with equivalent parameters, the results show that the other knobs 44, except for the first knob 44 closest to the arc 42, become less effective and tend to be zero-efficient. There is no rule that the more the number of the spherical protrusions 44 is set, the better the impedance characteristics of the antenna are.
The simulation results of the ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna in the optimal parameter value state are shown in fig. 16 and 17: in FIG. 16, the reflection coefficient is less than-10 dB from 4.1GHz to 14.3 GHz. Namely, the impedance bandwidth is 4.1GHz to 14.3GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 110%. FIG. 17 shows that the actual gain within the bandwidth is 10-18.7 dBi, and especially over 12dBi from 5.2GHz to 14.3 GHz. In the range from 5.8GHz to 14.3GHz, the gains are all larger than 13dBi, and the highest gain can reach 18.7 dBi.
The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna is particularly suitable for radar technology, and effectively improves the three-dimensional imaging resolution of a radar target. According to the relation between the distance resolution deltad of the detection radar and the bandwidth BW and the speed of light C of the antenna: Δ d ═ C/(2 × BW), the equation shows that the range-direction resolution of the radar system is inversely proportional to the bandwidth, i.e., the range resolution is higher with larger bandwidth. The range-direction resolution of the radar target can be improved by expanding the bandwidth of the system antenna. The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna can provide a relative impedance bandwidth of up to 110%, and has a directional gain larger than 13dBi within a bandwidth of 5.8 GHz-14.3 GHz, so that the distance resolution can be improved, and the detection distance can be improved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications may be made in the above-described embodiments and concepts and all such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna comprises a bottom plate (10), an open back cavity (20) and a dipole (40); the lower port of the open type back cavity (20) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the bottom plate (10), and the upper port is outwards expanded; the dipole (40) is arranged in the middle of the lower port of the open back cavity (20) and is electrically connected with the feed port (11) of the bottom plate (10); characterized in that two electromagnetic poles in the dipole (40) are structurally symmetrical: the electromagnetic pole comprises a vertical rod (41), an arc rod (42) and a cross rod (43) which are connected in sequence, the cross rods (43) of the two electromagnetic poles extend oppositely, and spherical protrusions (44) are arranged at the positions, close to the arc rod (42), of the cross rods (43);
the impedance matching device is characterized by further comprising an impedance matching module (30), the lower end face of the impedance matching module (30) is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the bottom plate (10), two vertical through holes (31) are formed in the impedance matching module (30), and each through hole (31) is respectively sleeved on the outer side of a vertical rod (41) in a non-contact mode; the cross section of the impedance matching module (30) is oval, and the axis of the through hole (31) is intersected with the long axis of the oval and is vertical to the plane of the oval;
the ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna is entirely made of metal.
2. The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein the axis of said beam (43) passes through the center of the sphere of said knob (44).
3. The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein said open back cavity (20) is enclosed by two oppositely disposed side plates (21) and two oppositely disposed arc plates (22).
4. The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna according to claim 3, wherein said side plates (21) are inverted trapezoidal and form a non-zero angle with the bottom plate (10), and the plane of the side plates (21) facing away from the dipole (40) forms an angle with the bottom plate (10) of less than or equal to 90 °.
5. The ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna according to claim 3, wherein said two oppositely disposed arc plates (22) are two opposite side wall portions on the same circular truncated cone.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011611798.5A CN112768946B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011611798.5A CN112768946B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112768946A CN112768946A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
| CN112768946B true CN112768946B (en) | 2021-09-21 |
Family
ID=75696837
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011611798.5A Active CN112768946B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112768946B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117650371B (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-30 | 北京宏动科技股份有限公司 | Ultra-wideband directional high-gain antenna and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1833336A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2006-09-13 | 新兴产业株式会社 | Antenna |
| CN106099373A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-11-09 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of feed structure is with the broadband dipole antenna of parallel resonance ring |
| CN111430895A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Broadband wide axial ratio beam cross dipole antenna |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11050151B2 (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-06-29 | City University Of Hong Kong | Multi-band antenna |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202011611798.5A patent/CN112768946B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1833336A (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2006-09-13 | 新兴产业株式会社 | Antenna |
| CN106099373A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-11-09 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of feed structure is with the broadband dipole antenna of parallel resonance ring |
| CN111430895A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Broadband wide axial ratio beam cross dipole antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112768946A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7495616B2 (en) | Omnidirectional ultra-wideband monopole antenna | |
| KR100872177B1 (en) | Ultra-Wide Band antenna | |
| US6429825B1 (en) | Cavity slot antenna | |
| KR20070020272A (en) | Directed dipole antenna | |
| CN109301460A (en) | The double array antennas of 5G millimeter wave two-band | |
| CN113922079B (en) | Novel H-plane SIW horn antenna based on super-surface unit | |
| CN109193136B (en) | High-gain patch antenna with broadband and filtering characteristics | |
| CN109888485B (en) | Compact low-profile multi-beam microstrip antenna | |
| KR20050107881A (en) | Multiple meander strip monopole antenna with broadband characteristic | |
| CN201966319U (en) | Wideband low-profile cavity backed integrated antenna | |
| CN112768946B (en) | Ultra-wideband high-gain dipole antenna | |
| KR102274497B1 (en) | Antenna device including parabolic-hyperbolic reflector | |
| CN201204258Y (en) | Millimeter wave base-sheet integrated waveguide multibeam antenna | |
| CN110190393B (en) | High-gain gradient slot line antenna loaded by metal column lens | |
| CN109411886B (en) | Broadband high-gain pattern reconfigurable antenna and communication equipment | |
| CN114759354B (en) | Miniaturized broadband stable beam horn feed source antenna | |
| CN110854526A (en) | Substrate integrated waveguide feed medium end-fire antenna | |
| CN110459861A (en) | A kind of double frequency elliptical slot antenna based on substrate integration wave-guide design | |
| CN115173068A (en) | Broadband circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna array and wireless communication equipment | |
| CN110739536B (en) | Half-mode Vivaldi antenna and miniaturized large-angle frequency scanning antenna array | |
| CN113922090A (en) | Ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna | |
| US20030151559A1 (en) | Pyramidal-corrugated horn antenna for sector coverage | |
| US7250919B2 (en) | Antenna | |
| WO2022087832A1 (en) | Base station antenna and base station antenna feed system | |
| CN115275589B (en) | Full-coupling resonant loop antenna unit and two-dimensional chebyshev network feed array antenna |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |