CN110190393B - High-gain gradient slot line antenna loaded by metal column lens - Google Patents
High-gain gradient slot line antenna loaded by metal column lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN110190393B CN110190393B CN201910560825.1A CN201910560825A CN110190393B CN 110190393 B CN110190393 B CN 110190393B CN 201910560825 A CN201910560825 A CN 201910560825A CN 110190393 B CN110190393 B CN 110190393B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
- H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal cylindrical lens loaded high-gain gradient slot line antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein two metal patches are arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, a horn-shaped opening is formed between the two metal patches, two ends of the horn-shaped opening are respectively positioned on a group of opposite side edges of the dielectric substrate, the minimum end of the horn-shaped opening is a slot line end, the maximum end of the horn-shaped opening is a radiation tail end, a middle gap width change area formed between the slot line end and the radiation tail end is a radiation section, a microstrip feed structure is arranged on the slot line end, and a metal cylindrical lens structure formed by a plurality of metal cylindrical units is arranged at the radiation section close to the radiation tail end. The metal cylindrical lens structure of the antenna can improve the phase distribution at the radiation tail end of the antenna, thereby inhibiting the main lobe splitting phenomenon of the gradual change slot line antenna at a high frequency band and improving the gain and the integral radiation performance of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna manufacturing, and particularly relates to a metal cylindrical lens loaded high-gain gradient slot line antenna.
Background
With the development requirements of high capacity and high speed of modern wireless communication systems, the antenna, as an indispensable front-end device in the wireless communication system, is also required to have the characteristics of ultra wide band, high gain, stable radiation and the like. The gradual change slot line antenna is a commonly used ultra wide band antenna, and has the advantages of wide impedance frequency band, good time domain characteristic, high gain, easy planar integration and the like, so the gradual change slot line antenna has great application potential in the fields of time domain pulse systems, broadband phased array antenna systems, ultra wide band communication systems and the like. However, when the tapered slot antenna operates in a high-frequency portion of an impedance band, an effective aperture is large, phase distribution of an electromagnetic field on an aperture surface is uneven, and a main lobe of a directional pattern of the antenna is depressed, so that a gain of the tapered slot antenna in a main radiation direction is significantly reduced, and antenna radiation performance is deteriorated.
In optics, spherical waves radiated from a point light source located at the focal point of a lens can be refracted by the lens to become plane waves. The lens loading is realized in the radiation area of the gradual change slot line antenna through the structural design, so that the electromagnetic field phase on the radiation aperture of the antenna is uniformly distributed, the main lobe splitting phenomenon of the antenna at a high-frequency part can be effectively inhibited, the gain bandwidth of the antenna is improved, and the application value is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a metal cylindrical lens loaded high-gain gradient slot line antenna, which can realize more uniform phase distribution of an electromagnetic field on a radiation aperture when a high-frequency band works, so that a main lobe splitting phenomenon when the antenna works at high frequency is inhibited, the gain bandwidth of the antenna is improved, and meanwhile, the loaded metal cylindrical lens has less influence on the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the antenna, and is favorable for improving the overall radiation performance of the gradient slot line antenna.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a loaded high-gain gradual change slot line antenna of metal post lens, includes the dielectric substrate, the front of dielectric substrate is provided with two metal patches, forms a tubaeform opening between two metal patches, and the both ends of tubaeform opening are located a set of side that the dielectric substrate is relative respectively, and the minimum end of tubaeform opening is the slot line end, and the biggest end of tubaeform opening is the radiation end, the slot line end is the radiation section with radiating the middle gap width change area that forms between the end, be provided with microstrip feed structure on the slot line end, the radiation section is close to the metal post lens structure that the radiation end department was provided with a plurality of metal post units and constitutes.
Furthermore, the metal column lens structure comprises a plurality of metal column units which are arranged at equal intervals, and the metal column units penetrate through the dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, two ends of the metal column unit are flush with the dielectric substrate, or two ends of the metal column unit are flush with the metal patch and the conduction band of the microstrip feed structure respectively.
Furthermore, the number of the metal column units is gradually increased from the radiation section to the radiation tail end, and the number of the metal column units is gradually decreased from the central axis of the horn-shaped opening to two sides.
Furthermore, the metal cylindrical lens structures are distributed in a triangular or fan shape.
Furthermore, a gap is reserved between the metal column unit and the metal patch which are positioned on the outermost periphery of the two sides of the central axis of the horn-shaped opening.
Furthermore, the two curves of the flared opening formed by the two metal patches are exponential curves, oblique lines, secondary curves or segmented composite function curves, and the two curves are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the flared opening as an axis.
Specifically, the radius of the metal pillar element, the number of the element, and the element pitch affect the equivalent dielectric constant of the loaded dielectric substrate, thereby affecting the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the loaded dielectric substrate. The metal column lens structure can improve the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate in a loading area and reduce the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the loading area. The metal column array is distributed in a triangular or fan shape, so that the equivalent dielectric constant in the axial direction of the gradual change slot line is the largest, the transmission speed of electromagnetic waves is the smallest, the equivalent dielectric constant towards the two side edges of the gradual change slot line is reduced, and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic waves is increased, so that the phase distribution at the radiation tail end of the antenna is more uniform, the main lobe splitting phenomenon of the gradual change slot line antenna in a high frequency band is inhibited, and the gain and the overall radiation performance of the antenna are improved. The radius, the distance and the shape of the metal column array of the metal column are changed, so that the equivalent dielectric constants of the loaded metal column dielectric substrate in different directions can be effectively adjusted, and the gain improvement value and the corresponding frequency band of the loaded antenna can be effectively adjusted.
Furthermore, the microstrip feed structure comprises a conduction band of the microstrip feed line printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate, a metal patch is used as a ground plane, one end of the conduction band of the microstrip feed line is positioned at the edge of the dielectric substrate and is a feed end of the antenna, the other end of the conduction band of the microstrip feed line crosses a slot line at the slot line end on the back surface of the dielectric substrate and is a tail end of the microstrip feed line, and a transition end from a microstrip to a slot line is arranged at a spatial intersection of the conduction band of the microstrip feed line and the slot line end slot line.
Furthermore, a metal patch is used as a ground plane, the transition end from the microstrip to the slot line is of a microstrip-slot line-short circuit pin transition structure, and the tail end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with another metal patch at the edge of the slot line through a short circuit pin.
Furthermore, the transition end from the microstrip to the slot line is of a fan-shaped microstrip-circular slot line transition structure, the open end of the slot line end is the tail end of the circular slot line, and the tail end of the microstrip feeder line is fan-shaped.
Specifically, a transition end from the microstrip to the slot line can adopt a microstrip-slot line-short circuit pin transition structure, a conduction band of the microstrip feeder line crosses the slot line on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate at the slot line end, the short circuit pin is connected with another metal patch at the edge of the slot line, and impedance matching adjustment is realized by adjusting the position of the short circuit pin; the transition end from the microstrip to the slot line can also adopt a fan-shaped microstrip-circular slot line transition structure, the conduction band of the microstrip feeder line crosses the slot line on the reverse side of the medium substrate at the slot line end and forms the tail end of the fan-shaped microstrip feeder line, the open end at the slot line end is circular, and the impedance matching of the two transmission lines can be adjusted by adjusting the fan-shaped size of the microstrip tail end and the circular size of the slot line tail end.
In the prior art, when an electromagnetic wave transmitted by an original tapered slot antenna without a loading structure reaches the radiation tail end of the antenna, the propagation distance along the axial direction of the tapered slot antenna is shortest, the propagation distance along the edges of two sides of the tapered slot antenna is longest, and the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave at the radiation tail end of the antenna is uneven due to different wave paths.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-gain gradient slot line antenna loaded by the metal cylindrical lens can realize more uniform electromagnetic field phase distribution on the radiation aperture when working in a high-frequency band, inhibit the main lobe splitting phenomenon in high frequency and improve the gain bandwidth of the antenna. Meanwhile, the loaded metal cylindrical lens has small influence on the low-frequency radiation characteristic of the antenna, and is favorable for improving the overall radiation performance of the gradual change slot line antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the gain curves of an original tapered slot antenna and a metal post lens loaded tapered slot antenna in the main radiation direction;
wherein: 1-a dielectric substrate, 2-a metal patch, 3-a microstrip feed structure, 4-a metal column lens structure, 5-a metal column unit, 6-a slot line end, 7-a radiation section, 8-a radiation tail end, 9-a conduction band of a microstrip feed line, 10-a feed end of an antenna, 11-a tail end of the microstrip feed line, 12-a transition end from a microstrip to a slot line, 13-a short-circuit pin and 14-a tail end of a circular slot line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a metal column lens loaded high-gain tapered slot antenna includes a dielectric substrate 1, two metal patches 2 are disposed on a front surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a horn-shaped opening is formed between the two metal patches 2, two ends of the horn-shaped opening are respectively located on a set of opposite side edges of the dielectric substrate 1, a minimum end of the horn-shaped opening is a slot line end 6, a maximum end of the horn-shaped opening is a radiation tail end 8, a middle gap width variation region formed between the slot line end 6 and the radiation tail end 8 is a radiation section 7, the slot line end 6 has a certain length, one end thereof is an open end, the other end thereof is a radiation section 7, the open end of the slot line end 6 is provided with a microstrip feed structure 3, and coupling of electromagnetic waves from a microstrip feed line to a slot line is achieved through a transition end 12 from a microstrip to a slot line. The radiation section 7 is provided with a metal column lens structure 4 formed by a plurality of metal column units 5 near the radiation tail end 8, and the metal column units 5 can be metal columns or hollow metalized through holes. Preferably, the edges of the gap between the two metal patches at the slot line end 6 are parallel.
The metal column lens structure 4 comprises a plurality of metal column units 5 which are arranged at equal intervals, and the metal column units 5 penetrate through the dielectric substrate 1, are positioned in the radiation section 7 and are close to the radiation tail end 8; two ends of the metal column unit 5 are flush with the dielectric substrate 1, or two ends of the metal column unit 5 are respectively flush with the metal patch 2 and the conduction band of the microstrip feed structure 3; the number of the metal column units 5 is gradually increased from the radiation section 7 to the radiation tail end 8, the number of the metal column units 5 is gradually reduced from the central axis of the horn-shaped opening to two sides, the metal column lens structures 4 are distributed in a triangular or fan shape, so that the equivalent dielectric constant in the axial direction of the gradual change slot line is the largest, the transmission speed of electromagnetic waves is the smallest, the equivalent dielectric constant towards the two side edges of the gradual change slot line is reduced, the transmission speed of the electromagnetic waves is increased, the phase distribution at the radiation tail end of the antenna is more uniform, the main lobe splitting phenomenon of the gradual change slot line antenna at a high frequency band is inhibited, and the gain and the integral radiation performance of the antenna are. The metal column units 5 positioned at the outermost peripheries of the two sides of the central axis of the horn-shaped opening are not contacted with the edge of the gradual change groove line of the metal patch 2.
The two curves of the flared opening formed by the two metal patches 2 are exponential curves, oblique lines, secondary curves or segmented composite function curves, and the two curves are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the flared opening as an axis. The edge curves of the two metal patches 2 close to the edge of the dielectric substrate 1 can be straight lines coincident with the edge of the dielectric substrate, and can also be designed into sawtooth edges, comb edges and the like.
Specifically, the radius, the number of the metal pillar elements 5, and the element pitch affect the equivalent dielectric constant of the mounted dielectric substrate, and thus affect the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the mounted dielectric substrate. The metal column lens structure can improve the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate in a loading area and reduce the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the loading area. The metal column array is distributed in a triangular or fan shape, so that the equivalent dielectric constant in the axial direction of the gradual change slot line is the largest, the transmission speed of electromagnetic waves is the smallest, the equivalent dielectric constant towards the two side edges of the gradual change slot line is reduced, and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic waves is increased, so that the phase distribution at the radiation tail end of the antenna is more uniform, the main lobe splitting phenomenon of the gradual change slot line antenna in a high frequency band is inhibited, and the gain and the overall radiation performance of the antenna are improved. The radius, the distance and the shape of the metal column array of the metal column are changed, so that the equivalent dielectric constants of the loaded metal column dielectric substrate in different directions can be effectively adjusted, and the gain improvement value and the corresponding frequency band of the loaded antenna can be effectively adjusted.
The microstrip feed structure 3 comprises a conduction band 9 of a microstrip feeder line printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a metal patch 2 is used as a ground plane, one end of the conduction band 9 of the microstrip feeder line is positioned at the edge of the dielectric substrate 1 and is a feed end 10 of an antenna, the other end of the conduction band 9 of the microstrip feeder line crosses a slot line of the slot line end 6 on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is a tail end 11 of the microstrip feeder line, and a transition end 12 from a microstrip to the slot line is arranged at the space intersection of the conduction band 9 of the microstrip feeder line and the slot line of the slot line end 6.
A metal patch 2 is used as a ground plane, a transition end 12 from the microstrip to the slot line is of a microstrip-slot line-short circuit pin transition structure, a short circuit pin 13 penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1, one end of the short circuit pin 13 is connected with the tail end 11 of the microstrip feeder line on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other end of the short circuit pin 13 is connected with another metal patch 2 on the edge of the slot line on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1.
The transition end 12 from the microstrip to the slot line is of a fan-shaped microstrip-circular slot line transition structure, the open end of the slot line end 6 is a circular slot line tail end 14, and the tail end 11 of the microstrip feeder line is fan-shaped.
Specifically, a transition end from the microstrip to the slot line can adopt a microstrip-slot line-short circuit pin transition structure, a conduction band of the microstrip feeder line crosses the slot line on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate 1 at the slot line end, the short circuit pin is connected with another metal patch at the edge of the slot line, and impedance matching adjustment is realized by adjusting the position of the short circuit pin; the transition end from the microstrip to the slot line can also adopt a fan-shaped microstrip-circular slot line transition structure, the conduction band of the microstrip feeder line crosses the slot line on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate 1 at the slot line end and forms the tail end 11 of the fan-shaped microstrip feeder line, the open end at the slot line end is circular, and the impedance matching of the two transmission lines can be adjusted by adjusting the fan-shaped size at the microstrip tail end and the circular size at the slot line tail end.
In terms of manufacturing, the manufacturing process of the metal cylindrical lens loaded high-gain gradient slot line antenna can adopt a semiconductor process, a ceramic process, a laser process or a printed circuit process. The conduction bands of the metal patch 2 and the microstrip feed structure 3 are made of conductive materials with good conductivity and are respectively positioned on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The short-circuit pin 13 and the metal column unit 5 of the microstrip feed structure 3 both penetrate through the dielectric substrate and are made of conductive materials with good conductivity, and the conductive materials can be metal columns or metalized through holes in forms.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip feed structure 3 is a microstrip-slot line-short-circuit pin transition structure.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the microstrip feed structure 3 is a transition structure of a sector microstrip-circular slot line.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a metal post lens loaded high gain gradual change slot line antenna, includes dielectric substrate (1), its characterized in that: the front surface of the dielectric substrate (1) is provided with two metal patches (2), a horn-shaped opening is formed between the two metal patches (2), two ends of the horn-shaped opening are respectively located on a group of opposite side edges of the dielectric substrate (1), the minimum end of the horn-shaped opening is a slot line end (6), the maximum end of the horn-shaped opening is a radiation tail end (8), a middle gap width change area formed between the slot line end (6) and the radiation tail end (8) is a radiation section (7), the slot line end (6) is provided with a microstrip feed structure (3), and a metal column lens structure (4) formed by a plurality of metal column units (5) is arranged at the position, close to the radiation tail end (8), of the radiation section (7); the metal column lens structure (4) comprises a plurality of metal column units (5) which are arranged at equal intervals, and the metal column units (5) penetrate through the dielectric substrate (1); the number of the metal column units (5) is gradually increased from the radiation section (7) to the radiation tail end (8), and the number of the metal column units (5) is gradually reduced from the central axis of the horn-shaped opening to two sides; a gap is reserved between the metal column unit (5) and the metal patch (2) which are positioned at the outermost periphery of the two sides of the central axis of the horn-shaped opening;
two ends of the metal column unit (5) are flush with the dielectric substrate (1), or two ends of the metal column unit (5) are respectively flush with the metal patch (2) and the conduction band of the microstrip feed structure (3); the metal cylindrical lens structures (4) are distributed in a triangular or fan shape; the two curves of the flared opening formed by the two metal patches (2) are exponential curves, oblique lines, secondary curves or segmented composite function curves, and the two curves are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the flared opening as an axis;
the microstrip feed structure (3) comprises a conduction band (9) of a microstrip feed line printed on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate (1), one end of the conduction band (9) of the microstrip feed line is positioned at the edge of the dielectric substrate (1) and is a feed end (10) of an antenna, the other end of the conduction band (9) of the microstrip feed line crosses a slot line of the slot line end (6) on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate (1) and is a tail end (11) of the microstrip feed line, and a transition end (12) from a microstrip to the slot line is arranged at the space intersection of the conduction band (9) of the microstrip feed line and the slot line end (6);
one metal patch (2) is used as a ground plane, the transition end (12) from the microstrip to the slot line is of a microstrip-slot line-short circuit pin transition structure, and the tail end (11) of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the other metal patch (2) at the edge of the slot line through a short circuit pin (13);
the transition end (12) from the microstrip to the slot line is of a fan-shaped microstrip-circular slot line transition structure, the open end of the slot line end (6) is a circular slot line tail end (14), and the tail end (11) of the microstrip feeder line is fan-shaped.
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| CN201910560825.1A CN110190393B (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | High-gain gradient slot line antenna loaded by metal column lens |
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| CN114447629B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-01-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna, antenna module and electronic equipment |
| CN113506977B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-03-10 | 深圳大学 | Ultra-wideband high-gain conformal Vivaldi end-fire antenna |
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