CN112768731A - 一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统 - Google Patents

一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统 Download PDF

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CN112768731A
CN112768731A CN202011509896.8A CN202011509896A CN112768731A CN 112768731 A CN112768731 A CN 112768731A CN 202011509896 A CN202011509896 A CN 202011509896A CN 112768731 A CN112768731 A CN 112768731A
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周剑
郝义国
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Grove Hydrogen Energy Technology Group Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/30Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,包括冷却液与压缩空气热交换器、氢气入口压力调整、阳极压力保护、外增湿器、氢气循环、氢气吹扫阀、电堆空气出口压力、电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地绝缘电阻检测、节电池电压巡检单元、氢气气源的选择、氢气气源安全阀、氢气气源隔离阀、空气排放口混合器、空气进口过滤器、冷却回路和DC/DC,所述冷却液与压缩空气热交换器,在压缩空气温度过高时降温,压缩空气温度较低时加热。该氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,保证了氢能汽车电堆系统的安全性和可靠性,具有阳极压力保护,防止氢气入口压力调整器失效而使阳极产生高压毁坏电堆。

Description

一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及氢能汽车燃料电池技术领域,具体为一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统。
背景技术
随着氢能汽车进入新能源汽车的行列,氢能汽车电堆系统的安全性和可靠性提出了很高的要求,为此,我们提出一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,包括冷却液与压缩空气热交换器、氢气入口压力调整、阳极压力保护、外增湿器、氢气循环、氢气吹扫阀、电堆空气出口压力、电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地绝缘电阻检测、节电池电压巡检单元、氢气气源的选择、氢气气源安全阀、氢气气源隔离阀、空气排放口混合器、空气进口过滤器、冷却回路和DC/DC,所述冷却液与压缩空气热交换器,在压缩空气温度过高时降温,压缩空气温度较低时加热;所述氢气入口压力调整,电堆的氢气入口压力调整,由PT-H3、EPV-H4、PT-H4组成;所述阳极压力保护,防止氢气入口压力调整器失效而使阳极产生高压毁坏电堆;所述外增湿器,用电堆的出口湿空气来增湿电堆得入口干空气;所述氢气循环,使阳极的氢气的湿度均匀,并且加热入口的氢气;所述氢气吹扫阀,设置于电堆氢气出口;所述电堆空气出口压力,采用电磁比例阀EPV-A6和电堆出口压力表PT-A5形成回路来控制;所述电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地绝缘电阻检测,加入检测单元,绝缘电阻要求单节电池为1200欧,150节为180千欧;所述节电池电压巡检单元,自带MPU,与模块控制器采用通讯联系;所述氢气气源的选择,设置2个手动截止阀,一个接入氢气气源,一个接入氮气气源;所述氢气气源安全阀,用于泄放气源的高压,出口接到空气排放口;所述氢气气源隔离阀,作为氢气气源地总开关,在出现氢气泄漏报警时,关闭该阀,用于截断氢气气源;所述空气排放口混合器,以空气回路为主通道,电堆氢气排放口混合接入此处,安装一个氢气浓度传感器。报警时,关断氢气气源隔离阀;所述空气进口过滤器,采用双层过滤,外层为物理过滤,主要过滤微粒;内层为化学过滤器;所述冷却回路,采用散热水箱和补水膨胀水箱的结构,采用电动三通比例阀构成2个分支回路。
优选的,所述电堆控制系统的控制器的MCU选用飞思卡尔的MC9S12CE。
优选的,所述外增湿器采用膜增湿器。
优选的,所述阳极压力保护采用安全阀SRV-H5保护。
优选的,所述氢气入口压力调整通过程序采集压力和控制比例阀来实现。
优选的,所述节电池电压巡检单元与电堆结合一体。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:该氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,保证了氢能汽车电堆系统的安全性和可靠性,具有阳极压力保护,防止氢气入口压力调整器失效而使阳极产生高压毁坏电堆,空气进口过滤器过滤危害阴极触媒的化学成分,氢气浓度传感器在报警时,关断氢气气源隔离阀。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体模块流程结构示意图;
图2为本发明车载系统流程结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-2,本发明提供一种技术方案:一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,冷却液与压缩空气热交换器,因冷却液的温度适应电堆要求,该热交换器的作用,一是压缩空气温度过高时降温,二是压缩空气温度较低时加热,考虑到要适应低温环境,最好采用,氢气入口压力调整器,电堆的氢气入口压力调整,由PT-H3、EPV-H4、PT-H4组成,通过程序采集压力和控制比例阀来实现,为了控制准确和简单管路,将PT-H2、EV-H2、PT-H3、EPV-H4、PT-H4做到一个阀组上,阳极压力保护为防止氢气入口压力调整器失效,而使阳极产生高压毁坏电堆,采用安全阀SRV-H5保护,外增湿器采用膜增湿器,用电堆的出口湿空气来增湿电堆得入口干空气,具体是否采用,要看电堆的需求,氢气循环一是使阳极的氢气的湿度均匀,二是加热入口的氢气;
氢气吹扫阀,是用1个还是在电堆氢气出口的2端各用1个,要看电堆的阳极结构,因氢气回流后,多少会有一些液态水,若不能及时吹扫掉,会影响水平较低段的节电池性能,也不利于防冻处理,电堆空气出口压力采用电磁比例阀EPV-A6和电堆出口压力表PT-A5形成回路来控制。为防止憋压,比例阀为常开阀,电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地绝缘电阻检测,电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地的绝缘电阻小时,会危害电堆的安全,在模块中需要加入检测单元,绝缘电阻的要求,单节电池为1200欧,150节为180千欧;
电机调速器的电源,因空压机的功率一般大于1kW,采用电堆的高压电源,在启动或停止的过程中需要外电源供电,启动和停止时由预充电电源PS-HV6供电,氢气循环泵,因功率一般小于500W,且只在电堆工作时运行,采用外部24VDC单独供电,节电池电压巡检单元,节电池电压巡检单元,与电堆的结构做到一起,自带MPU,与模块控制器采用通讯联系,这样会使检测电缆最短,提高可靠性和美观,模块控制器的MCU选用飞思卡尔的MC9S12CE,硬件和壳体。
高压氢气瓶组,根据整车要求设置个数,每个氢气瓶都装有瓶口阀组合块,瓶口阀组合块包括温度传感器、压力传感器、截止阀,因数量比较多,一般专做1个氢气瓶组控制器,用于现场采集温度压力信号和截止阀的控制,氢气瓶组控制器与燃料电池系统控制器通过CAN总线通讯,氢气气源选择电堆模块的氢气气源,设置2个手动截止阀,一个接入氢气气源,一个接入氮气气源。氮气气源不在现场布置,只是在温度低,需要长期停机或存贮时,将阳极的氢气置换成氮气;
氢气浓度传感变送器用于检测空间氢气浓度,用于氢气泄漏报警,设置6个。布置在氢气可能泄漏的上方,氢气气源安全阀,用于泄放气源地高压,出口接到空气排放口,氢气气源隔离阀是作为氢气气源地总开关,在出现氢气泄漏报警时,关闭该阀,用于截断氢气气源,空气排放口混合器以空气回路为主通道,电堆氢气排放口混合接入此处,用流动的空气来稀释排放的氢气,该处安装一个氢气浓度传感器,报警时,关断氢气气源隔离阀,空气进口过滤器需要双层过滤,外层为物理过滤,主要过滤微粒;内层为化学过滤器,主要过滤危害阴极触媒的化学成分。并且压损要小于3kpag,冷却回路采用散热水箱和补水膨胀水箱的结构。采用电动三通比例阀构成2个分支回路:冷启动加热和电堆小功率回路,电堆大功率散热器回路,水温控制执行元件有:EMV-D13、FAN-DRV、WP-DRV、HEX-D14,组合控制达到各种工况的温度要求,FLT-D11、FLT-D16为网状物理过滤器,主要过滤颗粒物,FLT-DI17去离子过滤器,安装在微循环分支上,用于去除冷却液中的离子,电机调速器电源,冷却液循环水泵和散热器风扇电机调速器电源全部用外接的24VDC蓄电池电源,燃料电池系统控制器的MCU选用飞思卡尔的MC9S12CE,硬件和壳体,若能采购满足要求的现成控制器,则采购。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,包括冷却液与压缩空气热交换器、氢气入口压力调整、阳极压力保护、外增湿器、氢气循环、氢气吹扫阀、电堆空气出口压力、电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地绝缘电阻检测、节电池电压巡检单元、氢气气源的选择、氢气气源安全阀、氢气气源隔离阀、空气排放口混合器、空气进口过滤器、冷却回路和DC/DC,其特征在于:所述冷却液与压缩空气热交换器,在压缩空气温度过高时降温,压缩空气温度较低时加热;所述氢气入口压力调整,电堆的氢气入口压力调整,由PT-H3、EPV-H4、PT-H4组成;所述阳极压力保护,防止氢气入口压力调整器失效而使阳极产生高压毁坏电堆;所述外增湿器,用电堆的出口湿空气来增湿电堆得入口干空气;所述氢气循环,使阳极的氢气的湿度均匀,并且加热入口的氢气;所述氢气吹扫阀,设置于电堆氢气出口;所述电堆空气出口压力,采用电磁比例阀EPV-A6和电堆出口压力表PT-A5形成回路来控制;所述电堆高压输出正负极对结构接地绝缘电阻检测,加入检测单元,绝缘电阻要求单节电池为1200欧,150节为180千欧;所述节电池电压巡检单元,自带MPU,与模块控制器采用通讯联系;所述氢气气源的选择,设置2个手动截止阀,一个接入氢气气源,一个接入氮气气源;所述氢气气源安全阀,用于泄放气源的高压,出口接到空气排放口;所述氢气气源隔离阀,作为氢气气源地总开关,在出现氢气泄漏报警时,关闭该阀,用于截断氢气气源;所述空气排放口混合器,以空气回路为主通道,电堆氢气排放口混合接入此处,安装一个氢气浓度传感器,报警时,关断氢气气源隔离阀;所述空气进口过滤器,采用双层过滤,外层为物理过滤,主要过滤微粒;内层为化学过滤器;所述冷却回路,采用散热水箱和补水膨胀水箱的结构,采用电动三通比例阀构成2个分支回路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,其特征在于:所述电堆控制系统的控制器的MCU选用飞思卡尔的MC9S12CE。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,其特征在于:所述外增湿器采用膜增湿器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,其特征在于:所述阳极压力保护采用安全阀SRV-H5保护。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,其特征在于:所述氢气入口压力调整通过程序采集压力和控制比例阀来实现。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种氢能汽车燃料电池电堆控制系统,其特征在于:所述节电池电压巡检单元与电堆结合一体。
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