CN112768723A - Bionic phase change cooling system and method for high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Bionic phase change cooling system and method for high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack Download PDF

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CN112768723A
CN112768723A CN202110011203.0A CN202110011203A CN112768723A CN 112768723 A CN112768723 A CN 112768723A CN 202110011203 A CN202110011203 A CN 202110011203A CN 112768723 A CN112768723 A CN 112768723A
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heat exchange
air
exchange unit
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water
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CN112768723B (en
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张东光
杨罡
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling technology of a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack, in particular to a bionic phase change cooling system and a bionic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack. The invention solves the problem of poor heat exchange capability of the traditional cooling technology of the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack. A bionic phase change cooling system for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack comprises a galvanic pile, a water storage tank, a liquid storage tank, two circulating pumps, an electric control three-way valve, an electric heater, two radiators, two bionic heat exchange units, a water-gas separator, three temperature sensors and a controller; the bionic heat exchange unit comprises a box-shaped shell, two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates, two liquid guide pipes and two air guide pipes. The invention is suitable for cooling the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack.

Description

Bionic phase change cooling system and method for high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cooling technology of a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack, in particular to a bionic phase change cooling system and a bionic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack.
Background
The high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack has the characteristic of high power density, and needs to operate under high current density, so that internal heat is inevitably increased excessively, the self reaction efficiency is reduced, and the service life of the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack is shortened. Therefore, in order to improve the reaction efficiency of the high power hydrogen fuel cell stack and to extend the service life of the high power hydrogen fuel cell stack, the high power hydrogen fuel cell stack needs to be cooled. The conventional cooling technology is limited by the principle (a liquid cooling mode is adopted) of the cooling technology, so that the problem of poor heat exchange capacity generally exists, and therefore, the cooling efficiency is low and the cooling effect is poor.
The research shows that: the crucian (Carassius auratus) is one of the most common freshwater fishes in China and is widely distributed all over the country. Countless gill plates are densely distributed on gill filaments of the crucian gills, and capillary vessels are extremely rich, so that a great surface area is formed. Crucian carp is a temperature-changing animal which can rapidly exchange heat between blood flowing through the gill plate and water flowing through the gill plate, so that the temperature of the crucian carp is kept in a proper range, and the function of the crucian carp is maintained. Compared with a liquid cooling mode, the phase-change cooling mode has stronger heat exchange capacity by utilizing the vaporization heat absorption principle.
Therefore, if the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack can be cooled by combining the bionic crucian gill and the phase-change cooling mode, the cooling efficiency can be inevitably improved, and the cooling effect can be inevitably improved. Therefore, a bionic phase change cooling system and a bionic phase change cooling method for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack are needed to be invented to solve the problem that the heat exchange capability of the traditional high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling technology is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bionic phase change cooling system and method for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack, aiming at solving the problem of poor heat exchange capability of the traditional high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling technology.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a bionic phase change cooling system for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack comprises a galvanic pile, a water storage tank, a liquid storage tank, two circulating pumps, an electric control three-way valve, an electric heater, two radiators, two bionic heat exchange units, a water-gas separator, three temperature sensors and a controller;
wherein, the water storage tank stores water; the outlet of the water storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the first circulating pump; the outlet of the first circulating pump is communicated with a humidifying port of the galvanic pile;
the liquid storage tank is stored with cooling liquid; the outlet of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the second circulating pump; the outlet of the second circulating pump is communicated with the inlet of the electric control three-way valve; a first outlet of the electric control three-way valve is communicated with an inlet of the electric heater; a second outlet of the electric control three-way valve is communicated with an inlet of the first radiator; the outlet of the electric heater and the outlet of the first radiator are both communicated with the liquid inlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit;
the liquid outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit is communicated with the inlet of the second radiator; the outlet of the second radiator is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit; the liquid outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit is communicated with the inlet of the liquid storage tank;
the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the galvanic pile and the hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile; an air outlet of the electric pile is communicated with an air inlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit; the gas outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit is communicated with the inlet of the water-gas separator; the liquid outlet of the water-gas separator is communicated with the inlet of the water storage tank;
the first temperature sensor is arranged at a gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit; the second temperature sensor is arranged at an air outlet of the electric pile; the third temperature sensor is arranged at the gas outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit;
the input end of the controller is respectively connected with the output ends of the three temperature sensors; the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the control ends of the two circulating pumps, the control end of the electric control three-way valve, the control end of the electric heater and the control ends of the two radiators;
the bionic heat exchange unit comprises a box-shaped shell, two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates, two liquid guide pipes and two air guide pipes;
the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates comprise N semi-elliptical cooling plates which are arranged in parallel from front to back at equal intervals, and straight edges of the N semi-elliptical cooling plates face downwards; the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates comprise N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates which are arranged in parallel from front to back at equal intervals, and the straight edges of the N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates are upward; n is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 2;
the two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates are fixed in the inner cavity of the box-shaped shell in an equidistant staggered manner;
each semi-elliptical cooling plate is of a hollow structure, and the inner cavity of each semi-elliptical cooling plate is fixed with a plurality of uniformly arranged flow distribution cylinders; the central line of each shunt cylinder is longitudinally arranged;
the first liquid guide pipe simultaneously penetrates through the front side wall of the box-shaped shell, the left lower part of the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates and the left upper part of the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates; 2N-1 liquid guide holes are formed in the side wall of the first liquid guide pipe in a penetrating mode, and the 2N-1 liquid guide holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the 2N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates in a one-to-one corresponding mode; the rear end pipe orifice of the first liquid guide pipe is closed, and the front end pipe orifice is used as a liquid inlet of the bionic heat exchange unit;
the second liquid guide pipe simultaneously penetrates through the rear side wall of the box-shaped shell, the right lower part of the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates and the right upper part of the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates; 2N-1 liquid guide holes are formed in the side wall of the second liquid guide pipe in a penetrating manner, and the 2N-1 liquid guide holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the 2N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the front end pipe orifice of the second catheter is closed, and the rear end pipe orifice is used as a liquid outlet of the bionic heat exchange unit;
the first air duct penetrates through the rear upper part of the left side wall of the box-shaped shell, and a left end pipe orifice of the first air duct is used as an air inlet of the bionic heat exchange unit;
the second air duct penetrates through the front lower part of the right side wall of the box-shaped shell, and a right end pipe orifice of the second air duct is used as a gas outlet of the bionic heat exchange unit.
The first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates comprises twelve semi-elliptical cooling plates, and the distance L4 between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates is 35 mm; the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates comprises eleven semi-elliptical cooling plates, and the distance L5 between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates is 35 mm; the staggered distance L6 between the two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates is 10 mm; each semi-elliptical cooling plate is made of stainless steel; the width x and the height y of each semi-elliptical cooling plate satisfy the following constraint equation:
0.4x2-200x+0.625y2-250y+25000＝0；
in the formula: the value range of x is 0-500 mm; the value range of y is 0 mm-400 mm.
The radius R of each shunting cylinder is 10 mm; the distance L1 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders in the horizontal direction is 50 mm; the distance L2 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders in the vertical direction is 50 mm; the height difference L3 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders in the inclined direction is 25 mm.
A bionic phase-change cooling method for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack (the method is realized based on the bionic phase-change cooling system for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack), which is realized by adopting the following steps:
firstly, respectively communicating a gas inlet of a first bionic heat exchange unit with an air source and a hydrogen source; air from an air source sequentially flows through the first bionic heat exchange unit, the galvanic pile, the second bionic heat exchange unit and the moisture separator and is then discharged through a gas outlet of the moisture separator; hydrogen from a hydrogen source sequentially flows through the first bionic heat exchange unit and the electric pile and is discharged through a hydrogen outlet of the electric pile;
meanwhile, the first temperature sensor monitors the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit in real time and transmits the monitoring result to the controller in real time; the second temperature sensor monitors the air outlet temperature T2 of the galvanic pile in real time and transmits the monitoring result to the controller in real time; the third temperature sensor monitors the gas outlet temperature T3 of the second bionic heat exchange unit in real time and transmits the monitoring result to the controller in real time;
the controller controls the two circulating pumps, the electric control three-way valve, the electric heater and the two radiators in real time according to the air outlet temperature T2 of the galvanic pile, so that the working mode of the system is set; the specific setting method is as follows:
a. when T2 is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first circulating pump is in a shutdown state, the second circulating pump is in a working state, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve is in a fully open state, the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve is in a fully closed state, the electric heater is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator and the fan of the second radiator are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is a rapid heating mode;
in the mode, cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank flows through a second circulating pump, an electric control three-way valve, an electric heater, a first bionic heat exchange unit, a second radiator and a second bionic heat exchange unit in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank;
in the process, the electric heater heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit is rapidly increased;
b. when the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and less than T2 and less than 50 ℃, the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are both in a working state, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve is in a fully opened state, the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve is in a fully closed state, the electric heater is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator and the fan of the second radiator are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is still a rapid heating mode;
in the mode, cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank flows through a second circulating pump, an electric control three-way valve, an electric heater, a first bionic heat exchange unit, a second radiator and a second bionic heat exchange unit in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank;
in the process, the electric heater heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit is rapidly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank flows into the galvanic pile through the first circulating pump and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile to be vaporized into water vapor (the phase change process not only eliminates the waste heat generated by the galvanic pile, but also moistens the galvanic pile); the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile to form humid air; the moist air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter a water-gas separator together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator; the water returns to the water storage tank through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator;
c. when the temperature T2 is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃ and the temperature T1 is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are both in a working state, the first outlet and the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve are both in an incomplete opening state, the electric heater is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator and the fan of the second radiator are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is a slow heating mode;
in the mode, one part of cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank sequentially flows through a second circulating pump, an electric control three-way valve, an electric heater, a first bionic heat exchange unit, a second radiator and a second bionic heat exchange unit and then returns to the liquid storage tank, and the other part of the cooling liquid sequentially flows through the second circulating pump, the electric control three-way valve, the first radiator, the first bionic heat exchange unit, the second radiator and the second bionic heat exchange unit and then returns to the liquid storage tank;
in the process, the electric heater heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit is slowly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank flows into the galvanic pile through the first circulating pump and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile to be vaporized into water vapor (the phase change process not only eliminates the waste heat generated by the galvanic pile, but also moistens the galvanic pile); the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile to form humid air; the moist air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter a water-gas separator together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator; the water returns to the water storage tank through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator;
d. when the temperature is between 50 ℃ and 65 ℃ and the temperature is between T2 and 65 ℃ and the temperature is between T1 and 60 ℃, the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are both in a working state, the first outlet and the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve are both in an incomplete opening state, the electric heater is in a shutdown state, and the fan of the first radiator and the fan of the second radiator are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is still a slow heating mode;
in the mode, one part of cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank sequentially flows through a second circulating pump, an electric control three-way valve, an electric heater, a first bionic heat exchange unit, a second radiator and a second bionic heat exchange unit and then returns to the liquid storage tank, and the other part of the cooling liquid sequentially flows through the second circulating pump, the electric control three-way valve, the first radiator, the first bionic heat exchange unit, the second radiator and the second bionic heat exchange unit and then returns to the liquid storage tank;
in the process, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the temperature T1 of the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit is slowly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank flows into the galvanic pile through the first circulating pump and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile to be vaporized into water vapor (the phase change process not only eliminates the waste heat generated by the galvanic pile, but also moistens the galvanic pile); the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile to form humid air; the moist air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter a water-gas separator together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator; the water returns to the water storage tank through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator;
e. when the temperature is more than 65 ℃ and less than or equal to 80 ℃, the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are both in working states, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve is in a completely closed state, the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve is in a completely opened state, the electric heater is in a shutdown state, and the fan of the first radiator and the fan of the second radiator are both in working states; at the moment, the working mode of the system is a quick heat dissipation mode;
in the mode, cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank flows through a second circulating pump, an electric control three-way valve, a first radiator, a first bionic heat exchange unit, a second radiator and a second bionic heat exchange unit in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank;
in the process, the first radiator radiates the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen flowing through the first bionic heat exchange unit exchange heat with the cooling liquid, the second radiator radiates the cooling liquid, and the air flowing through the second bionic heat exchange unit exchanges heat with the cooling liquid, so that the temperature T1 of the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit is rapidly reduced;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank flows into the galvanic pile through the first circulating pump and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile to be vaporized into water vapor (the phase change process not only eliminates the waste heat generated by the galvanic pile, but also moistens the galvanic pile); the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile to form humid air; the moist air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter a water-gas separator together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator; the water returns to the water storage tank through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator.
The controller adjusts the flow V of the first circulating pump in real time according to the following formulaw：
Vw＝0.0133nλIφ；
In the formula: vwThe value range of (A) is 0L/min-0.2065L/min; n represents the number of single cells of the electric pile, and the value range of n is 500-750; lambda represents an excess coefficient, and the value range of lambda is 4-6; i represents the actual output current of the galvanic pile, and the value range of the actual output current is 0-500A; phi represents the moisture content and has a value in the range of 2.0X 10-6g/kg～6.9×10-6g/kg。
The controller adjusts the flow V of the second circulating pump in real time according to the following formulac：
Figure BDA0002885225480000081
In the formula: vcThe value range of (A) is 121.59L/min-273.58L/min; q represents the heating power of the galvanic pile, and the value range of Q is 127.27 kw-190.91 kw; the delta T is T2-T1, and the value range is 10-15 ℃; gamma raycIndicating the severity of the cooling fluid, gammac＝1000kg/m3；ccDenotes the specific constant pressure heat capacity of the coolant, cc＝4.187kJ/(kg·℃)。
The controller adjusts the fan air flow V of the first radiator in real time according to the following formula1：
Figure BDA0002885225480000082
In the formula: v1Is in the range of 49761.11m3/h～111965.42m3H; q represents the heating power of the galvanic pile, and the value range of Q is 127.27 kw-190.91 kw; a. thezDenotes the heat-dissipating positive area of the first heat sink, Az＝0.65m2；cp,airDenotes the specific heat capacity of air, cp,air＝0.24kcal/kg·℃；ρairDenotes the air density, pair＝1.093kg/m3(ii) a And delta T is T2-T1 and has the value range of 10-15 ℃.
The controller adjusts the fan air flow V of the second radiator in real time according to the following formula2：
Figure BDA0002885225480000091
In the formula: v2Is in the range of 15436.23m3/h～31752.18m3H; q represents the heat dissipation capacity of the second bionic heat exchange unit and takes a value rangeThe circumference is 52.64 kw-81.21 kw; a. thezDenotes the heat-dissipating positive area of the second heat sink, Az＝0.65m2；cp,airDenotes the specific heat capacity of air, cp,air＝0.24kcal/kg·℃；ρairDenotes the air density, pair＝1.093kg/m3(ii) a And delta T is T2-T3 and ranges from 15 ℃ to 20 ℃.
The heat exchange principle of the bionic heat exchange unit is as follows: the cooling liquid flows into the bionic heat exchange unit through a front end pipe orifice of the first liquid guide pipe, then sequentially flows through the first liquid guide pipe, the inner cavities of the semi-elliptical cooling plates and the second liquid guide pipe, and then flows out through a rear end pipe orifice of the second liquid guide pipe; meanwhile, air or hydrogen firstly enters the bionic heat exchange unit through a left end pipe orifice of the first air guide pipe, then sequentially flows through the first air guide pipe, a gap between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates and the second air guide pipe, and is discharged through a right end pipe orifice of the second air guide pipe; in the process, heat exchange is realized between air or hydrogen and cooling liquid through the semi-elliptical cooling plates.
Compared with the traditional cooling technology, the bionic phase-change cooling system and method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack realize cooling of the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack by the bionic crucian gill (the gill plate imitating the crucian gill is provided with the semi-elliptical cooling plate of the bionic heat exchange unit) and combining a phase-change cooling mode, so that the heat exchange capacity is obviously enhanced, the cooling efficiency is obviously improved, and the cooling effect is obviously improved.
The cooling device has reasonable structure and ingenious design, effectively solves the problem of poor heat exchange capability of the traditional high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack cooling technology, and is suitable for cooling the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a bionic heat exchange unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plane structure diagram of the bionic heat exchange unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a right side view of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the constraint equations satisfied by the semi-elliptical cooling plate of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-galvanic pile, 2-water storage tank, 3-liquid storage tank, 4-circulating pump, 5-electric control three-way valve, 6-electric heater, 7-radiator, 8-bionic heat exchange unit, 9-moisture separator, 10-temperature sensor, 11-controller, 801-box-shaped shell, 802-semi-elliptical cooling plate, 803-liquid guide pipe, 804-air guide pipe and 805-flow dividing cylinder.
Detailed Description
A bionic phase-change cooling system for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack comprises a galvanic pile 1, a water storage tank 2, a liquid storage tank 3, two circulating pumps 4, an electric control three-way valve 5, an electric heater 6, two radiators 7, two bionic heat exchange units 8, a water-gas separator 9, three temperature sensors 10 and a controller 11;
wherein, the water storage tank 2 stores water; the outlet of the water storage tank 2 is communicated with the inlet of a first circulating pump 4; the outlet of the first circulating pump 4 is communicated with the humidifying port of the galvanic pile 1;
the liquid storage tank 3 stores cooling liquid; the outlet of the liquid storage tank 3 is communicated with the inlet of a second circulating pump 4; the outlet of the second circulating pump 4 is communicated with the inlet of the electric control three-way valve 5; a first outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 is communicated with an inlet of the electric heater 6; a second outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 is communicated with an inlet of a first radiator 7; an outlet of the electric heater 6 and an outlet of the first radiator 7 are both communicated with a liquid inlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8;
the liquid outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is communicated with the inlet of the second radiator 7; the outlet of the second radiator 7 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8; the liquid outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 is communicated with the inlet of the liquid storage tank 3;
a gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the electric pile 1 and a hydrogen inlet of the electric pile 1; an air outlet of the electric pile 1 is communicated with an air inlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8; the gas outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 is communicated with the inlet of the water-gas separator 9; the liquid outlet of the water-gas separator 9 is communicated with the inlet of the water storage tank 2;
the first temperature sensor 10 is arranged at the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8; the second temperature sensor 10 is arranged at the air outlet of the electric pile 1; the third temperature sensor 10 is arranged at the gas outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8;
the input end of the controller 11 is respectively connected with the output ends of the three temperature sensors 10; the output end of the controller 11 is respectively connected with the control ends of the two circulating pumps 4, the control end of the electric control three-way valve 5, the control end of the electric heater 6 and the control ends of the two radiators 7;
the bionic heat exchange unit 8 comprises a box-shaped shell 801, two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802, two liquid guide pipes 803 and two gas guide pipes 804;
the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 comprises N semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 which are arranged in parallel from front to back at equal intervals, and the straight edges of the N semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 face downwards; the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 comprises N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 which are arranged in parallel from front to back at equal intervals, and the straight edges of the N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 are all upward; n is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 2;
two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 are fixed in the inner cavity of the box-shaped shell 801 in an equidistant staggered arrangement;
each semi-elliptical cooling plate 802 is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of uniformly arranged flow distribution cylinders 805 are fixed in the inner cavity of each semi-elliptical cooling plate 802; the center line of each flow distribution cylinder 805 is longitudinally arranged;
the first liquid guide pipe 803 simultaneously penetrates through the front side wall of the box-shaped shell 801, the lower left part of the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 and the upper left part of the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802; the side wall of the first liquid guide pipe 803 is provided with 2N-1 liquid guide holes in a penetrating way, and the 2N-1 liquid guide holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the 2N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 in a one-to-one correspondence way; the rear end pipe orifice of the first liquid guide pipe 803 is closed, and the front end pipe orifice is used as a liquid inlet of the bionic heat exchange unit 8;
the second liquid guide pipe 803 simultaneously penetrates through the rear side wall of the box-shaped shell 801, the lower right part of the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 and the upper right part of the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802; the side wall of the second liquid guide pipe 803 is provided with 2N-1 liquid guide holes in a penetrating way, and the 2N-1 liquid guide holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the 2N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 in a one-to-one correspondence way; the front end pipe orifice of the second liquid guide pipe 803 is closed, and the rear end pipe orifice is used as a liquid outlet of the bionic heat exchange unit 8;
the first air duct 804 penetrates through the rear upper part of the left side wall of the box-shaped shell 801, and a left end pipe orifice of the first air duct 804 is used as an air inlet of the bionic heat exchange unit 8;
the second air duct 804 penetrates through the front lower part of the right side wall of the box-shaped shell 801, and a right end pipe orifice of the second air duct 804 is used as an air outlet of the bionic heat exchange unit 8.
The first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 comprises twelve semi-elliptical cooling plates 802, and the distance L4 between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 is 35 mm; the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 comprises eleven semi-elliptical cooling plates 802, and the distance L5 between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 is 35 mm; the staggered distance L6 between the two sets of semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 is 10 mm; each semi-elliptical cooling plate 802 is made of stainless steel; the width x and the height y of each semi-elliptical cooling plate 802 satisfy the following constraint equation:
0.4x2-200x+0.625y2-250y+25000＝0；
in the formula: the value range of x is 0-500 mm; the value range of y is 0 mm-400 mm.
The radius R of each flow splitting cylinder 805 is 10 mm; the distance L1 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders 805 in the horizontal direction is 50 mm; the distance L2 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders 805 in the vertical direction is 50 mm; the height difference L3 between the center lines of two adjacent flow-dividing cylinders 805 in the oblique direction is 25 mm.
A bionic phase-change cooling method for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack (the method is realized based on the bionic phase-change cooling system for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack), which is realized by adopting the following steps:
firstly, respectively communicating a gas inlet of a first bionic heat exchange unit 8 with an air source and a hydrogen source; air from an air source sequentially flows through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the galvanic pile 1, the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 and the moisture separator 9 and is then discharged through a gas outlet of the moisture separator 9; hydrogen from a hydrogen source sequentially flows through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 and the galvanic pile 1 and is discharged through a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile 1;
meanwhile, the first temperature sensor 10 monitors the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 in real time, and transmits the monitoring result to the controller 11 in real time; the second temperature sensor 10 monitors the air outlet temperature T2 of the cell stack 1 in real time and transmits the monitoring result to the controller 11 in real time; the third temperature sensor 10 monitors the gas outlet temperature T3 of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in real time, and transmits the monitoring result to the controller 11 in real time;
the controller 11 controls the two circulating pumps 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the electric heater 6 and the two radiators 7 in real time according to the air outlet temperature T2 of the galvanic pile 1, thereby setting the working mode of the system; the specific setting method is as follows:
a. when the temperature T2 is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first circulating pump 4 is in a shutdown state, the second circulating pump 4 is in a working state, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 is in a fully open state, the second outlet is in a fully closed state, the electric heater 6 is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator 7 and the fan of the second radiator 7 are in shutdown states; at this time, the working mode of the system is a rapid heating mode;
in the mode, the cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank 3 flows through the second circulating pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the electric heater 6, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second radiator 7 and the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank 3;
in the process, the electric heater 6 heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen flowing through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air flowing through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is rapidly increased;
b. when the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and less than T2 and less than 50 ℃, the first circulating pump 4 and the second circulating pump 4 are both in working states, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 is in a fully open state, the second outlet is in a fully closed state, the electric heater 6 is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator 7 and the fan of the second radiator 7 are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is still a rapid heating mode;
in the mode, the cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank 3 flows through the second circulating pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the electric heater 6, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second radiator 7 and the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank 3;
in the process, the electric heater 6 heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen flowing through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air flowing through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is rapidly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank 2 flows into the galvanic pile 1 through the first circulating pump 4 and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile 1 to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile 1 to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator 9 together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator 9; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator 9; the water returns to the water storage tank 2 through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator 9;
c. when the temperature T2 is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃ and the temperature T1 is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the first circulating pump 4 and the second circulating pump 4 are both in a working state, the first outlet and the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 are both in an incomplete opening state, the electric heater 6 is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator 7 and the fan of the second radiator 7 are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is a slow heating mode;
in this mode, a part of the coolant from the liquid storage tank 3 flows through the second circulation pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the electric heater 6, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second heat sink 7, the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence, then returns to the liquid storage tank 3, and the other part flows through the second circulation pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the first heat sink 7, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second heat sink 7, the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence, then returns to the liquid storage tank 3;
in the process, the electric heater 6 heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen flowing through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air flowing through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is slowly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank 2 flows into the galvanic pile 1 through the first circulating pump 4 and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile 1 to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile 1 to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator 9 together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator 9; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator 9; the water returns to the water storage tank 2 through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator 9;
d. when the temperature is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃ and the temperature is more than T1 and more than 60 ℃, the first circulating pump 4 and the second circulating pump 4 are both in a working state, the first outlet and the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 are both in an incomplete opening state, the electric heater 6 is in a shutdown state, and the fan of the first radiator 7 and the fan of the second radiator 7 are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is still a slow heating mode;
in this mode, a part of the coolant from the liquid storage tank 3 flows through the second circulation pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the electric heater 6, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second heat sink 7, the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence, then returns to the liquid storage tank 3, and the other part flows through the second circulation pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the first heat sink 7, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second heat sink 7, the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence, then returns to the liquid storage tank 3;
in the process, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is slowly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank 2 flows into the galvanic pile 1 through the first circulating pump 4 and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile 1 to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile 1 to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator 9 together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator 9; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator 9; the water returns to the water storage tank 2 through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator 9;
e. when the temperature is more than 65 ℃ and less than or equal to 80 ℃, the first circulating pump 4 and the second circulating pump 4 are both in working states, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve 5 is in a completely closed state, the second outlet is in a completely opened state, the electric heater 6 is in a shutdown state, and the fan of the first radiator 7 and the fan of the second radiator 7 are both in working states; at the moment, the working mode of the system is a quick heat dissipation mode;
in the mode, the cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank 3 flows through the second circulating pump 4, the electric control three-way valve 5, the first radiator 7, the first bionic heat exchange unit 8, the second radiator 7 and the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank 3;
in the process, the first radiator 7 radiates the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen flowing through the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchange heat with the cooling liquid, the second radiator 7 radiates the cooling liquid, and the air flowing through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8 exchanges heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit 8 is rapidly reduced;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank 2 flows into the galvanic pile 1 through the first circulating pump 4 and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile 1 to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile 1 to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit 8, so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator 9 together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator 9; the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator 9; the water returns to the water storage tank 2 through the liquid outlet of the water-gas separator 9.
The controller 11 adjusts the flow V of the first circulation pump 4 in real time according to the following formulaw：
Vw＝0.0133nλIφ；
In the formula: vwThe value range of (A) is 0L/min-0.2065L/min; n represents the number of single cells of the electric pile 1, and the value range of n is 500-750; lambda represents an excess coefficient, and the value range of lambda is 4-6; i represents the actual output current of the galvanic pile 1, and the value range of the actual output current is 0A-500A; phi represents the moisture content and has a value in the range of 2.0X 10-6g/kg～6.9×10-6g/kg。
The controller 11 adjusts the flow V of the second circulation pump 4 in real time according to the following formulac：
Figure BDA0002885225480000171
In the formula: vcThe value range of (A) is 121.59L/min-273.58L/min; q represents the heating power of the galvanic pile 1, and the value range of Q is 127.27 kw-190.91 kw; the delta T is T2-T1, and the value range is 10-15 ℃; gamma raycIndicating the severity of the cooling fluid, gammac＝1000kg/m3；ccDenotes the specific constant pressure heat capacity of the coolant, cc＝4.187kJ/(kg·℃)。
The controller 11 adjusts the fan air flow V of the first radiator 7 in real time according to the following formula1：
Figure BDA0002885225480000172
In the formula: v1Is in the range of 49761.11m3/h～111965.42m3H; q represents the heating power of the galvanic pile 1, and the value range of Q is 127.27 kw-190.91 kw; a. thezDenotes the heat-dissipating positive area of the first heat sink 7, Az＝0.65m2；cp,airDenotes the specific heat capacity of air, cp,air＝0.24kcal/kg·℃；ρairDenotes the air density, pair＝1.093kg/m3(ii) a And delta T is T2-T1 and has the value range of 10-15 ℃.
The controller 11 adjusts the fan air flow V of the second radiator 7 in real time according to the following formula2：
Figure BDA0002885225480000173
In the formula: v2Is in the range of 15436.23m3/h～31752.18m3H; q represents the heat dissipation capacity of the second bionic heat exchange unit 8, and the value range of q is 52.64 kw-81.21 kw; a. thezDenotes the heat-dissipating positive area of the second heat sink 7, Az＝0.65m2；cp,airDenotes the specific heat capacity of air, cp,air＝0.24kcal/kg·℃；ρairDenotes the air density, pair＝1.093kg/m3(ii) a And delta T is T2-T3 and ranges from 15 ℃ to 20 ℃.
The heat exchange principle of the bionic heat exchange unit 8 is as follows: the cooling liquid flows into the bionic heat exchange unit 8 through the front end pipe orifice of the first liquid guide pipe 803, then flows through the first liquid guide pipe 803, the inner cavities of the semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 and the second liquid guide pipe 803 in sequence, and then flows out through the rear end pipe orifice of the second liquid guide pipe 803; meanwhile, air or hydrogen firstly enters the bionic heat exchange unit 8 through a left end pipe orifice of the first air duct 804, then sequentially flows through the first air duct 804, a gap between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates 802 and the second air duct 804, and is discharged through a right end pipe orifice of the second air duct 804; in the process, heat exchange is realized between air or hydrogen and the cooling liquid through the semi-elliptical cooling plates 802.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A bionic phase change cooling system for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack is characterized in that: the device comprises a galvanic pile (1), a water storage tank (2), a liquid storage tank (3), two circulating pumps (4), an electric control three-way valve (5), an electric heater (6), two radiators (7), two bionic heat exchange units (8), a water-gas separator (9), three temperature sensors (10) and a controller (11);
wherein, the water storage tank (2) stores water; the outlet of the water storage tank (2) is communicated with the inlet of a first circulating pump (4); the outlet of the first circulating pump (4) is communicated with the humidifying port of the galvanic pile (1);
the liquid storage tank (3) is stored with cooling liquid; the outlet of the liquid storage tank (3) is communicated with the inlet of a second circulating pump (4); the outlet of the second circulating pump (4) is communicated with the inlet of the electric control three-way valve (5); a first outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) is communicated with an inlet of the electric heater (6); a second outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) is communicated with an inlet of a first radiator (7); an outlet of the electric heater (6) and an outlet of the first radiator (7) are communicated with a liquid inlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8);
the liquid outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is communicated with the inlet of the second radiator (7); the outlet of the second radiator (7) is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8); a liquid outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) is communicated with an inlet of the liquid storage tank (3);
a gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the galvanic pile (1) and a hydrogen inlet of the galvanic pile (1); an air outlet of the electric pile (1) is communicated with a gas inlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8); the gas outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) is communicated with the inlet of the water-gas separator (9); the liquid outlet of the water-gas separator (9) is communicated with the inlet of the water storage tank (2);
the first temperature sensor (10) is arranged at the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8); the second temperature sensor (10) is arranged at an air outlet of the electric pile (1); the third temperature sensor (10) is arranged at the gas outlet of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8);
the input end of the controller (11) is respectively connected with the output ends of the three temperature sensors (10); the output end of the controller (11) is respectively connected with the control ends of the two circulating pumps (4), the control end of the electric control three-way valve (5), the control end of the electric heater (6) and the control ends of the two radiators (7);
the bionic heat exchange unit (8) comprises a box-shaped shell (801), two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802), two liquid guide pipes (803) and two air guide pipes (804);
the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) comprises N semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) which are arranged in parallel from front to back at equal intervals, and the straight edges of the N semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) face downwards; the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) comprises N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) which are arranged in parallel from front to back at equal intervals, and the straight sides of the N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) are all upward; n is a positive integer and is more than or equal to 2;
the two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) are fixed in the inner cavity of the box-shaped shell (801) in an equidistant staggered manner;
each semi-elliptical cooling plate (802) is of a hollow structure, and a plurality of uniformly arranged flow distribution cylinders (805) are fixed in the inner cavity of each semi-elliptical cooling plate (802); the central line of each flow distribution cylinder (805) is longitudinally arranged;
the first liquid guide pipe (803) simultaneously penetrates through the front side wall of the box-shaped shell (801), the lower left part of the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) and the upper left part of the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802); the side wall of the first liquid guide pipe (803) is provided with 2N-1 liquid guide holes in a penetrating way, and the 2N-1 liquid guide holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the 2N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) in a one-to-one correspondence way; the rear end pipe orifice of the first liquid guide pipe (803) is closed, and the front end pipe orifice is used as a liquid inlet of the bionic heat exchange unit (8);
the second liquid guide pipe (803) simultaneously penetrates through the rear side wall of the box-shaped shell (801), the right lower part of the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) and the right upper part of the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802); the side wall of the second liquid guide pipe (803) is provided with 2N-1 liquid guide holes in a penetrating way, and the 2N-1 liquid guide holes are communicated with the inner cavities of the 2N-1 semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) in a one-to-one correspondence way; the front end pipe orifice of the second liquid guide pipe (803) is closed, and the rear end pipe orifice is used as a liquid outlet of the bionic heat exchange unit (8);
the first air duct (804) penetrates through the rear upper part of the left side wall of the box-shaped shell (801), and a left end pipe orifice of the first air duct (804) is used as an air inlet of the bionic heat exchange unit (8);
the second air duct (804) penetrates through the front lower part of the right side wall of the box-shaped shell (801), and a right end pipe orifice of the second air duct (804) is used as an air outlet of the bionic heat exchange unit (8).
2. The biomimetic phase change cooling system for a high power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: the first group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) comprises twelve semi-elliptical cooling plates (802), and the distance L4 between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) is 35 mm; the second group of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) comprises eleven semi-elliptical cooling plates (802), and the distance L5 between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) is 35 mm; the staggered distance L6 between the two groups of semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) is 10 mm; each semi-elliptical cooling plate (802) is made of stainless steel; the width x and the height y of each semi-elliptical cooling plate (802) satisfy the following constraint equation:
0.4x2-200x+0.625y2-250y+25000＝0；
in the formula: the value range of x is 0-500 mm; the value range of y is 0 mm-400 mm.
3. The biomimetic phase change cooling system for a high power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: the radius R of each flow distribution cylinder (805) is 10 mm; the distance L1 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders (805) in the horizontal direction is 50 mm; the distance L2 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders (805) in the vertical direction is 50 mm; the height difference L3 between the central lines of two adjacent flow distribution cylinders (805) in the inclined direction is 25 mm.
4. A bionic phase-change cooling method for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack, which is realized based on the bionic phase-change cooling system for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that: the method is realized by adopting the following steps:
firstly, respectively communicating a gas inlet of a first bionic heat exchange unit (8) with an air source and a hydrogen source; air from an air source sequentially flows through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8), the galvanic pile (1), the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) and the moisture separator (9) and is then discharged through a gas outlet of the moisture separator (9); hydrogen from a hydrogen source sequentially flows through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) and the galvanic pile (1) and is discharged through a hydrogen outlet of the galvanic pile (1);
meanwhile, the first temperature sensor (10) monitors the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) in real time, and transmits the monitoring result to the controller (11) in real time; the second temperature sensor (10) monitors the air outlet temperature T2 of the galvanic pile (1) in real time and transmits the monitoring result to the controller (11) in real time; the third temperature sensor (10) monitors the gas outlet temperature T3 of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) in real time and transmits the monitoring result to the controller (11) in real time;
the controller (11) controls the two circulating pumps (4), the electric control three-way valve (5), the electric heater (6) and the two radiators (7) in real time according to the air outlet temperature T2 of the galvanic pile (1), so as to set the working mode of the system; the specific setting method is as follows:
a. when T2 is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first circulating pump (4) is in a shutdown state, the second circulating pump (4) is in a working state, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) is in a fully open state, the second outlet is in a fully closed state, the electric heater (6) is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator (7) and the fan of the second radiator (7) are in shutdown states; at this time, the working mode of the system is a rapid heating mode;
under the mode, cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank (3) flows through a second circulating pump (4), an electric control three-way valve (5), an electric heater (6), a first bionic heat exchange unit (8), a second radiator (7) and a second bionic heat exchange unit (8) in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3);
in the process, the electric heater (6) heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the temperature T1 of the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is rapidly increased;
b. when the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and less than T2 and less than 50 ℃, the first circulating pump (4) and the second circulating pump (4) are both in working states, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) is in a fully open state, the second outlet is in a fully closed state, the electric heater (6) is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator (7) and the fan of the second radiator (7) are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is still a rapid heating mode;
under the mode, cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank (3) flows through a second circulating pump (4), an electric control three-way valve (5), an electric heater (6), a first bionic heat exchange unit (8), a second radiator (7) and a second bionic heat exchange unit (8) in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3);
in the process, the electric heater (6) heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the temperature T1 of the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is rapidly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank (2) flows into the galvanic pile (1) through the first circulating pump (4) and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile (1) to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile (1) to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8), so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator (9) together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator (9); the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator (9); the water returns to the water storage tank (2) through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator (9);
c. when the temperature T2 is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃ and the temperature T1 is more than or equal to 60 ℃, the first circulating pump (4) and the second circulating pump (4) are both in a working state, the first outlet and the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) are both in an incomplete opening state, the electric heater (6) is in a working state, and the fan of the first radiator (7) and the fan of the second radiator (7) are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is a slow heating mode;
under the mode, one part of cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank (3) sequentially flows through a second circulating pump (4), an electric control three-way valve (5), an electric heater (6), a first bionic heat exchange unit (8), a second radiator (7) and a second bionic heat exchange unit (8) and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3), and the other part of the cooling liquid sequentially flows through the second circulating pump (4), the electric control three-way valve (5), the first radiator (7), the first bionic heat exchange unit (8), the second radiator (7) and the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3);
in the process, the electric heater (6) heats the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the temperature T1 of the gas outlet of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is slowly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank (2) flows into the galvanic pile (1) through the first circulating pump (4) and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile (1) to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile (1) to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8), so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator (9) together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator (9); the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator (9); the water returns to the water storage tank (2) through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator (9);
d. when the temperature is more than or equal to 50 ℃ and less than or equal to 65 ℃ and the temperature is more than T1 and more than 60 ℃, the first circulating pump (4) and the second circulating pump (4) are both in a working state, the first outlet and the second outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) are both in an incomplete opening state, the electric heater (6) is in a shutdown state, and the fan of the first radiator (7) and the fan of the second radiator (7) are both in a shutdown state; at this time, the working mode of the system is still a slow heating mode;
under the mode, one part of cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank (3) sequentially flows through a second circulating pump (4), an electric control three-way valve (5), an electric heater (6), a first bionic heat exchange unit (8), a second radiator (7) and a second bionic heat exchange unit (8) and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3), and the other part of the cooling liquid sequentially flows through the second circulating pump (4), the electric control three-way valve (5), the first radiator (7), the first bionic heat exchange unit (8), the second radiator (7) and the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3);
in the process, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is slowly increased;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank (2) flows into the galvanic pile (1) through the first circulating pump (4) and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile (1) to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile (1) to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8), so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator (9) together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator (9); the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator (9); the water returns to the water storage tank (2) through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator (9);
e. when the temperature is more than 65 ℃ and less than or equal to 80 ℃, the first circulating pump (4) and the second circulating pump (4) are both in working states, the first outlet of the electric control three-way valve (5) is in a completely closed state, the second outlet is in a completely opened state, the electric heater (6) is in a shutdown state, and the fan of the first radiator (7) and the fan of the second radiator (7) are both in working states; at the moment, the working mode of the system is a quick heat dissipation mode;
under the mode, cooling liquid from the liquid storage tank (3) flows through a second circulating pump (4), an electric control three-way valve (5), a first radiator (7), a first bionic heat exchange unit (8), a second radiator (7) and a second bionic heat exchange unit (8) in sequence and then returns to the liquid storage tank (3);
in the process, the first radiator (7) radiates the cooling liquid, the air and the hydrogen which flow through the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchange heat with the cooling liquid, the second radiator (7) radiates the cooling liquid, and the air which flows through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8) exchanges heat with the cooling liquid, so that the gas outlet temperature T1 of the first bionic heat exchange unit (8) is rapidly reduced;
meanwhile, water from the water storage tank (2) flows into the galvanic pile (1) through the first circulating pump (4) and absorbs heat in the galvanic pile (1) to be vaporized into water vapor; the water vapor is mixed with the air flowing through the electric pile (1) to form humid air; the humid air exchanges heat with the cooling liquid through the second bionic heat exchange unit (8), so that part of water vapor is condensed into water; the water obtained by condensation and the humid air enter the water-gas separator (9) together, and the humid air is separated into dry air and water through the water-gas separator (9); the dry air is discharged through a gas outlet of the water-gas separator (9); the water returns to the water storage tank (2) through a liquid outlet of the water-gas separator (9).
5. The biomimetic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: the controller (11) adjusts the flow V of the first circulating pump (4) in real time according to the following formulaw：
Vw＝0.0133nλIφ；
In the formula: vwThe value range of (A) is 0L/min-0.2065L/min; n represents the number of cells of the stack (1), whichThe value range is 500 to 750; lambda represents an excess coefficient, and the value range of lambda is 4-6; i represents the actual output current of the galvanic pile (1), and the value range of the actual output current is 0-500A; phi represents the moisture content and has a value in the range of 2.0X 10-6g/kg～6.9×10-6g/kg。
6. The biomimetic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: the controller (11) adjusts the flow V of the second circulating pump (4) in real time according to the following formulac：
Figure FDA0002885225470000081
In the formula: vcThe value range of (A) is 121.59L/min-273.58L/min; q represents the heating power of the galvanic pile (1), and the value range of Q is 127.27 kw-190.91 kw; the delta T is T2-T1, and the value range is 10-15 ℃; gamma raycIndicating the severity of the cooling fluid, gammac＝1000kg/m3；ccDenotes the specific constant pressure heat capacity of the coolant, cc＝4.187kJ/(kg·℃)。
7. The biomimetic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: the controller (11) adjusts the fan air flow V of the first radiator (7) in real time according to the following formula1：
Figure FDA0002885225470000091
In the formula: v1Is in the range of 49761.11m3/h～111965.42m3H; q represents the heating power of the galvanic pile (1), and the value range of Q is 127.27 kw-190.91 kw; a. thezRepresents the heat radiation positive area of the first heat radiator (7), Az＝0.65m2；cp,airDenotes the specific heat capacity of air, cp,air＝0.24kcal/kg·℃；ρairRepresenting airDensity, pair＝1.093kg/m3(ii) a And delta T is T2-T1 and has the value range of 10-15 ℃.
8. The biomimetic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: the controller (11) adjusts the fan air flow V of the second radiator (7) in real time according to the following formula2：
Figure FDA0002885225470000092
In the formula: v2Is in the range of 15436.23m3/h～31752.18m3H; q represents the heat dissipation capacity of the second bionic heat exchange unit (8), and the value range of q is 52.64 kw-81.21 kw; a. thezRepresents the heat radiation positive area of the second heat radiator (7), Az＝0.65m2；cp,airDenotes the specific heat capacity of air, cp,air＝0.24kcal/kg·℃；ρairDenotes the air density, pair＝1.093kg/m3(ii) a And delta T is T2-T3 and ranges from 15 ℃ to 20 ℃.
9. The biomimetic phase change cooling method for the high-power hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: the heat exchange principle of the bionic heat exchange unit (8) is as follows: the cooling liquid flows into the bionic heat exchange unit (8) through a front end pipe orifice of a first liquid guide pipe (803), then sequentially flows through the first liquid guide pipe (803), the inner cavities of the semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) and a second liquid guide pipe (803), and then flows out through a rear end pipe orifice of the second liquid guide pipe (803); meanwhile, air or hydrogen firstly enters the bionic heat exchange unit (8) through a left end pipe orifice of the first air guide pipe (804), then sequentially flows through the first air guide pipe (804), a gap between two adjacent semi-elliptical cooling plates (802) and the second air guide pipe (804), and is discharged through a right end pipe orifice of the second air guide pipe (804); in the process, heat exchange is realized between air or hydrogen and cooling liquid through the semi-elliptical cooling plates (802).
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