CN110416570B - Hydrogen heating device for fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen heating device for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110416570B CN110416570B CN201910616489.8A CN201910616489A CN110416570B CN 110416570 B CN110416570 B CN 110416570B CN 201910616489 A CN201910616489 A CN 201910616489A CN 110416570 B CN110416570 B CN 110416570B
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- hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A fuel cell hydrogen heating device relates to the fuel cell field; the hydrogen-gas heat exchanger comprises a shell, 2 rows of heat exchange fins, 2n hydrogen gas shunting baffles and a partition plate; the top end of the shell is respectively provided with a heat exchange agent inlet and a heat exchange agent outlet; a hydrogen inlet and a compressed air inlet are formed in the side wall of the shell; a hydrogen outlet and a compressed air outlet are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of the shell; the partition board divides the inner cavity of the shell into a hydrogen cavity and a compressed air cavity; the 2 rows of heat exchange fins are vertically arranged at the centers of the hydrogen cavity and the compressed air cavity in a distributed manner; a row of heat exchange fins are communicated with the heat exchange agent inlet; the other row of heat exchange fins are communicated with a heat exchange agent outlet; the hydrogen diversion baffles are symmetrically arranged in the hydrogen cavity and the compressed air cavity; the invention utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack and the system to heat the hydrogen entering from the cold source, the temperature rise is uniform and controllable, dangerous heating modes such as electric heating and the like are avoided, and the hydrogen with higher temperature can be provided for the power generation of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen heating device for a fuel cell.
Background
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is different from the traditional internal combustion engine reaction mechanism, directly converts chemical energy into electric energy, is not limited by Carnot cycle, and has the energy conversion efficiency as high as 40-60%. As a novel clean energy, the energy source has the advantages of low noise, zero pollution, quick start, high efficiency, large output current, low working temperature and the like, and is widely applied to portable power supplies, fixed power supplies and vehicle-mounted power supplies.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are greatly affected by the test conditions, mainly including air, hydrogen and coolant pressure, temperature and air side humidity. Most fuel cell system controls at this stage primarily control air, hydrogen and coolant pressures, air humidity and temperature, and hydrogen gas circulation. The temperature and humidity of the hydrogen gas are not typically controlled or managed to reduce system complexity. The existing research shows that the temperature and the humidity of the hydrogen have little influence on the performance of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a fuel cell hydrogen heating device, which heats hydrogen entering from a cold source by using waste heat generated by a fuel cell stack and a system, has uniform and controllable temperature rise, avoids dangerous heating modes such as electric heating and the like, and can provide hydrogen with higher temperature for power generation of a fuel cell.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell hydrogen heating device comprises a shell, 2 rows of heat exchange fins, 2n hydrogen shunting baffles and a partition plate; the shell is a hollow columnar structure which is vertically arranged; the top end of the shell is respectively and horizontally provided with a heat exchange agent inlet and a heat exchange agent outlet; a hydrogen inlet and a compressed air inlet are horizontally arranged on the side wall of the top end of the shell; the hydrogen inlet and the compressed air inlet are oppositely arranged; a hydrogen outlet and a compressed air outlet are horizontally arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the shell; wherein the vertical direction of the hydrogen outlet corresponds to the hydrogen inlet; the compressed air outlet corresponds to the compressed air inlet in the vertical direction; the partition board is vertically arranged in the middle of the shell and divides the inner cavity of the shell into a hydrogen cavity and a compressed air cavity; the 2 rows of heat exchange fins are vertically arranged at the centers of the hydrogen cavity and the compressed air cavity in a distributed manner; the top end of one row of heat exchange fins is communicated with a heat exchange agent inlet; the top ends of the other row of heat exchange fins are communicated with a heat exchange agent outlet; the bottoms of the 2 rows of heat exchange fins are communicated; the 2n hydrogen diversion baffles are symmetrically arranged in the hydrogen cavity and the compressed air cavity; n is an integer of 2 or more.
In the above fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, the external heat-exchange agent enters the compressed air chamber from the heat-exchange agent inlet; the heat exchange fins in the compressed air cavity are filled vertically downwards; enters the heat exchange fins of the hydrogen cavity through the bottom of the shell and flows out from the heat exchange agent outlet.
In the above fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, the hydrogen cavity and the compressed air cavity respectively correspond to the n hydrogen split flow baffles; the n hydrogen diversion baffle cavities are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cavity in a staggered manner in the vertical direction; the n hydrogen flow dividing baffles divide the hydrogen cavity into S-shaped flow channels; the other n hydrogen flow dividing baffles divide the compressed air cavity into S-shaped flow channels.
In the above fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, the external hydrogen to be heated enters the hydrogen cavity from the hydrogen inlet; vertically and downwards flows to the bottom of the hydrogen cavity along the S-shaped flow channel, and flows out from the hydrogen outlet after being heated by the external heat exchange agent in the heat exchange fins.
In the above fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, the external compressed air enters the compressed air chamber from the compressed air inlet; vertically and downwards flows to the bottom of the compressed air cavity along the S-shaped flow channel; heated by the external heat exchange agent in the heat exchange fins and then flows out from the compressed air outlet.
In the above fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, the width of the heat exchange fin is set to be D; the width of the cavity is D; the distance between the adjacent partition plates is l; the distance between the heat exchange fins and the inner wall of the cavity is h; the sectional area of the hydrogen inlet is S; the thickness of the heat exchange fin is H; then:
1.5S≤D×l≤12S
1.5S≤h×l≤12S
0.3H≤h≤5H。
in the fuel cell hydrogen heating device, the initial temperature of the external heat exchange agent is 75-85 ℃; the temperature of the external hydrogen to be heated is-40 ℃ to 40 ℃; the initial temperature of the external compressed air is 20-100 ℃.
In the above fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, the fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus is characterized in that: the compressed air cavity and the hydrogen cavity are made of aluminum alloy or copper materials; the heat exchange fins are made of aluminum alloy or copper material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention effectively utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell system and the galvanic pile to heat the liquid water in the circulated hydrogen and the hydrogen of the gas source, avoids using dangerous heating modes such as electric heating and the like, and can provide hydrogen with higher temperature for the power generation of the fuel cell;
(2) according to the invention, hydrogen tail gas is recycled to the fuel cell stack and enters the device, and a small amount of liquid water generated after the tail gas or the cooler hydrogen and the tail gas are mixed can be evaporated, so that on one hand, the phenomenon that liquid water enters the cell stack to cause the blockage of a part of single cell gas circuits and influence on the uniformity and stability of the cell stack is avoided; on the other hand, the humidity of the hydrogen inlet can be increased, the internal resistance of the fuel cell can be reduced, and the performance of the fuel cell can be improved;
(3) the air compression cavity, the hydrogen heat exchange cavity and the coolant cavity are cast from any one of aluminum alloy, copper and materials with good heat exchange effect, and the heat exchange fins are made of materials with good heat exchange effect, such as aluminum alloy, copper and the like. The temperature of the hydrogen after heat exchange can be raised to about 60 ℃, the performance of the fuel cell can be improved by 5-10%, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that liquid water enters the galvanic pile and is generated by mixing the hydrogen with lower temperature and the hydrogen with higher temperature and humidity which circulates back to the galvanic pile, and the adverse effect on the galvanic pile is caused can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a hydrogen heating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat exchange fin of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the invention provides a device for heating hydrogen of a fuel cell, which is applicable to fuel cell stacks and fuel cell systems with various powers, effectively utilizes waste heat generated by the fuel cell systems and the galvanic pile to heat liquid water and gas source hydrogen in circulated hydrogen, avoids using dangerous heating modes such as electric heating and the like, and can provide hydrogen with higher temperature for power generation of the fuel cell; meanwhile, hydrogen tail gas is recycled to the fuel cell stack and enters the device, a small amount of liquid water generated after the tail gas or the cooler hydrogen and the tail gas are mixed can be evaporated, and on one hand, the phenomenon that the liquid water enters the cell stack to cause the blockage of part of single cell gas circuits and influence the uniformity and the stability of the cell stack is avoided; on the other hand, the humidity of the hydrogen inlet can be increased, the internal resistance of the fuel cell can be reduced, and the performance of the fuel cell can be improved.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen heating device, it can be seen that a fuel cell hydrogen heating device comprises a shell 16, 2 rows of heat exchange fins 6, 2n hydrogen flow dividing baffles 7 and a separator 8; wherein, the shell 16 is a hollow columnar structure which is vertically arranged; the top end of the shell 16 is respectively and horizontally provided with a heat exchange agent inlet 1 and a heat exchange agent outlet 2; a hydrogen inlet 3 and a compressed air inlet 9 are horizontally arranged on the side wall of the top end of the shell 16; the hydrogen inlet 3 and the compressed air inlet 9 are oppositely arranged; a hydrogen outlet 4 and a compressed air outlet 10 are horizontally arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the shell 16; wherein, the hydrogen outlet 4 corresponds to the hydrogen inlet 3 in the vertical direction; the compressed air outlet 10 corresponds to the compressed air inlet 9 in the vertical direction; the partition plate 8 is vertically arranged in the middle of the shell 16, and divides the inner cavity of the shell 16 into a hydrogen cavity 5 and a compressed air cavity 11; the 2 rows of heat exchange fins 6 are vertically distributed at the centers inside the hydrogen cavity 5 and the compressed air cavity 11; the top end of one row of heat exchange fins 6 is communicated with the heat exchange agent inlet 1; the top end of the other row of heat exchange fins 6 is communicated with the heat exchange agent outlet 2; the bottoms of the 2 rows of heat exchange fins 6 are communicated; the 2n hydrogen diversion baffles 7 are symmetrically arranged in the hydrogen cavity 5 and the compressed air cavity 11; n is an integer of 2 or more.
The external heat-exchange agent enters the compressed air cavity 11 from the heat-exchange agent inlet 1; the heat exchange fins 6 in the compressed air cavity 11 are filled vertically downwards; enters the heat exchange fins 6 of the hydrogen cavity 5 through the bottom of the shell 16 and flows out of the heat exchange agent outlet 2. The external heat-exchange agent enters the heat-exchange device through the heat-exchange agent inlet 1, flows through the hydrogen cavity 5 where the heat-exchange fins 6 are located, and flows out of the heat-exchange device through the heat-exchange agent outlet 2. The heat is conducted to the hydrogen with lower temperature entering the hydrogen cavity 5 from the hydrogen inlet 3 through the heat exchange fins 6, and after reaching the heat exchange temperature, the hydrogen flows out of the heat exchange device from the hydrogen outlet 4 and enters the inside of the galvanic pile to participate in the galvanic pile reaction.
The hydrogen cavity 5 and the compressed air cavity 11 correspond to the n hydrogen shunt baffles 7 respectively; the n hydrogen diversion baffles 7 are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cavity in a staggered manner in the vertical direction; the hydrogen cavity 5 is divided into S-shaped flow channels by the n hydrogen flow dividing baffles 7; the other n hydrogen flow dividing baffles 7 divide the compressed air chamber 11 into S-shaped flow channels. The heat capacity of the hydrogen is high, so that a large heat exchange area is needed, and the heat exchange area is increased in the hydrogen heat exchange cavity in order to reduce the volume of the hydrogen heating device and improve the heating efficiency of the hydrogen heating device; the n hydrogen shunting baffles 7 forcibly change the flow direction of the hydrogen and increase the heat exchange area.
The external hydrogen to be heated enters the hydrogen cavity 5 from the hydrogen inlet 3; vertically and downwards flows to the bottom of the hydrogen cavity 5 along the S-shaped flow channel, and flows out from the hydrogen outlet 4 after being heated by the external heat exchange agent in the heat exchange fins 6.
The compressed air chamber 11 of air is added on the basis of the hydrogen heating means only. The air temperature after the air compressor machine compression is higher, before entering the galvanic pile, compressed air gets into heat transfer device by compressed air inlet 9, after the heat transfer with the heat exchange agent, flows out and gets into the galvanic pile by compressed air export 10. After the heat exchange between the coolant and the high-temperature air, the hydrogen is heated after the temperature rises. External compressed air enters the compressed air cavity 11 from the compressed air inlet 9; vertically and downwards flows to the bottom of the compressed air cavity 11 along the S-shaped flow channel; heated by the external heat exchange agent in the heat exchange fins 6 and then flows out from the compressed air outlet 10.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic view of a heat exchange fin, it can be known that the width of the heat exchange fin is D; the width of the cavity is D; the distance between the adjacent partition plates is l; the distance between the heat exchange fins and the inner wall of the cavity is h; the sectional area of the hydrogen inlet 3 is S; the thickness of the heat exchange fin is H; then:
1.5S≤D×l≤12S
1.5S≤h×l≤12S
0.3H≤h≤5H。
the initial temperature of the external heat exchange agent is 75-85 ℃; the temperature of the external hydrogen to be heated is-40 ℃ to 40 ℃; the initial temperature of the external compressed air is 20-100 ℃.
The compressed air cavity 11 and the hydrogen cavity 5 are cast by any one of aluminum alloy, copper and materials with good heat exchange effect, and the heat exchange fins 6 are made of materials with good heat exchange effect, such as aluminum alloy, copper and the like. The temperature of the hydrogen after heat exchange can be raised to about 60 ℃, the performance of the fuel cell can be improved by 5-10%, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that liquid water enters the galvanic pile and is generated by mixing the hydrogen with lower temperature and the hydrogen with higher temperature and humidity which circulates back to the galvanic pile, and the adverse effect on the galvanic pile is caused can be avoided.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus, characterized by: comprises a shell (16), 2 rows of heat exchange fins (6), 2n hydrogen gas shunting baffles (7) and a clapboard (8); wherein the shell (16) is a hollow columnar structure which is vertically placed; the top end of the shell (16) is respectively and horizontally provided with a heat exchange agent inlet (1) and a heat exchange agent outlet (2); a hydrogen inlet (3) and a compressed air inlet (9) are horizontally arranged on the side wall of the top end of the shell (16); the hydrogen inlet (3) and the compressed air inlet (9) are arranged oppositely; a hydrogen outlet (4) and a compressed air outlet (10) are horizontally arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the shell (16); wherein, the hydrogen outlet (4) corresponds to the hydrogen inlet (3) in the vertical direction; the compressed air outlet (10) corresponds to the compressed air inlet (9) in the vertical direction; the partition plate (8) is vertically arranged in the middle of the shell (16) to divide the inner cavity of the shell (16) into a hydrogen cavity (5) and a compressed air cavity (11); the 2 rows of heat exchange fins (6) are vertically distributed at the centers of the hydrogen cavity (5) and the compressed air cavity (11); the top end of one row of heat exchange fins (6) is communicated with the heat exchange agent inlet (1); the top end of the other row of heat exchange fins (6) is communicated with the heat exchange agent outlet (2); the bottoms of the 2 rows of heat exchange fins (6) are communicated; the 2n hydrogen diversion baffles (7) are symmetrically arranged in the hydrogen cavity (5) and the compressed air cavity (11); n is an integer of 2 or more.
2. A fuel cell hydrogen gas heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the external heat-exchange agent enters the compressed air cavity (11) from the heat-exchange agent inlet (1); heat exchange fins (6) in a compressed air cavity (11) are filled vertically downwards; enters the heat exchange fins (6) of the hydrogen cavity (5) through the bottom of the shell (16) and flows out from the heat exchange agent outlet (2).
3. A fuel cell hydrogen gas heating apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hydrogen cavity (5) and the compressed air cavity (11) respectively correspond to the n hydrogen shunt baffles (7); the n hydrogen diversion baffles (7) are uniformly and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cavity in a staggered manner in the vertical direction; the hydrogen cavity (5) is divided into S-shaped flow channels by the n hydrogen flow dividing baffles (7); the other n hydrogen flow dividing baffles (7) divide the compressed air cavity (11) into S-shaped flow channels.
4. A fuel cell hydrogen gas heating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: the external hydrogen to be heated enters the hydrogen cavity (5) from the hydrogen inlet (3); vertically and downwards flows to the bottom of the hydrogen cavity (5) along the S-shaped flow channel, and flows out from the hydrogen outlet (4) after being heated by external heat exchange agent in the heat exchange fins (6).
5. A fuel cell hydrogen gas heating apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: external compressed air enters the compressed air cavity (11) from the compressed air inlet (9); vertically and downwards flows to the bottom of the compressed air cavity (11) along the S-shaped flow channel; heated by external heat exchange agent in the heat exchange fins (6) and then flows out from the compressed air outlet (10).
6. A fuel cell hydrogen heating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: setting the width of the heat exchange fin as D; the width of the cavity is D; the distance between the adjacent hydrogen diversion baffles (7) is I; the distance between the heat exchange fins and the inner wall of the cavity is h; the sectional area of the hydrogen inlet (3) is S; the thickness of the heat exchange fin is H; then:
1.5S≤D×I≤12S
1.5S≤h×I≤12S
0.3H≤h≤5H。
7. a fuel cell hydrogen gas heating apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: the compressed air cavity (11) and the hydrogen cavity (5) are made of aluminum alloy or copper materials; the heat exchange fins (6) are made of aluminum alloy or copper material.
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CN110970638B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2024-04-16 | 浙江氢谷新能源汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell heat balance gas-gas three-phase heat exchange system |
CN111092244A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-05-01 | 浙江氢谷新能源汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell heat balance 'gas-liquid' three-phase heat exchange system |
CN114361513B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-04-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | System and method for heating hydrogen by hydrogen fuel cell engine |
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EP1291949A2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system, method of controlling the same, and vehicle mounted with the same |
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CN207426027U (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-29 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell hydrogen-feeding system with integrated heating function |
CN109888330A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-06-14 | 清华大学 | Fuel Cell Control System and fuel-cell device |
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Patent Citations (5)
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EP1291949A2 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system, method of controlling the same, and vehicle mounted with the same |
WO2010120565A2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Enerfuel, Inc. | Method and apparatus for pem fuel cell freezing protection |
CN107901772A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-13 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of fuel cell temperature difference electricity generation device applied to automobile combines energy supplying system |
CN207426027U (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-29 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell hydrogen-feeding system with integrated heating function |
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