CN112764038A - Ultrasonic measurement method and device for position of transformer outgoing line device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic measurement method and device for position of transformer outgoing line device Download PDFInfo
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/46—Indirect determination of position data
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic measuring method and device for the position of a transformer outgoing line device. The measuring method comprises the following steps: (1) acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic measuring mechanism, and transmitting the ultrasonic measuring mechanism into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism; (2) eliminating echo interference: eliminating echo interference of the wall of the transformer cylinder by adopting a quantitative attenuation method or a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method; (3) recording the echo position: searching for a reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the outlet device by moving the probe in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to connect into a curve; (4) determining the deformation amount: and determining a point on the curve at certain intervals, and measuring the position from the point to the bottom plate of the transformer to obtain the maximum deformation. The ultrasonic measuring method has the advantages of simple operation, high detection speed, accurate detection result, visual display, low cost and easy large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection and maintenance of power equipment, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic measurement method and device for the position of a transformer outgoing line device.
Background
The transformer generally adopts electrical copper as a winding conductor material, when high-intensity current passes through the conductor material, under the combined action of joule heat effect and electronic wind power, an electro-plastic effect can be generated in a metal conductor, so that the intensity of the conductor material is gradually reduced, and because the heat dissipation of the inner conductor position of the transformer wire outlet device is poor, the temperature is higher, and the intensity reduction amplitude is larger. The strength of the conductor material of the wire outlet device is reduced, so that the conductor material can be subjected to plastic deformation under extreme working conditions, sagging is formed in a horizontal section, and the deformation range borne by the insulating material outside the conductor is limited, so that the insulation outside the conductor is broken, and the discharge fault is caused. If the discharging fault is not found in time, the transformer can be burnt out if the transformer continues to operate, large-area power failure is caused, and even the safe operation of a power system is threatened.
At present, no related detection method exists at home and abroad, so that a wire outlet device has a discharge fault after being deformed to a large extent, and a large-scale fire accident is caused for many times in production, so that billions of losses are caused, and a great threat is brought to the safety of a power grid. In order to avoid the occurrence of similar accidents, a method and a device for measuring the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer are urgently sought, so that the sagging degree caused by the deformation of the outgoing line device is evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic measuring method and device for the position of an outgoing line device of a transformer, which utilize the reflection principle of ultrasonic waves to realize the measurement of the position of the outgoing line device and the effective evaluation of the deformation degree of the outgoing line device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultrasonic measurement method for the position of a transformer outgoing line device comprises the following steps:
(1) acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic measuring mechanism, applying an excitation signal, exciting an ultrasonic pulse signal with corresponding frequency, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism;
(2) eliminating echo interference: eliminating echo interference of the wall of the transformer cylinder;
(3) recording the echo position: searching a reflection point with the minimum sound path on the outlet device by moving the probe in the vertical direction, recording the position of the reflection point on the outer wall of the transformer shell, then transversely changing the position of the probe, repeating the scanning action, searching the reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the outlet device, and connecting the reflection points into a curve;
(4) determining the deformation amount: and (4) determining a point at a certain distance on the curve in the step (3), measuring the position from the point to the bottom plate of the transformer to form a group of measured data, subtracting the designed data from the measured data to obtain a group of deviation data, wherein the maximum deviation data is the maximum deformation.
Preferably, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism in step (1) adopts an ultrasonic probe.
Preferably, the water coupling mechanism in step (1) is a cavity frame, a plurality of small holes are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism and the outer wall of the transformer.
Preferably, the eliminating of the echo interference of the transformer cylinder wall in the step (2) includes a quantitative attenuation method or a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method.
Preferably, the quantitative attenuation method is that a beam of ultrasonic wave is emitted to the inside of the transformer by an ultrasonic measuring mechanism perpendicular to the wall of the transformer cylinder at the position without the outgoing line device, so that multiple reflected bottom waves are obtained, the wave form is reversed to form a negative wave form, and the negative wave form is superposed on the detection wave, so that the multiple bottom waves are counteracted.
Preferably, the longitudinal wave oblique incidence method is that longitudinal waves with the angle of 5-8 degrees are obliquely incident to the inner surface of the cylinder wall.
An ultrasonic measuring device for the position of a transformer outgoing line device comprises an input module, a measuring module, a signal processing module, a scanning module and a display module;
the input module is used for inputting various detection parameters;
the measuring module comprises an ultrasonic measuring mechanism and a water coupling mechanism arranged on the ultrasonic measuring mechanism, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism transmits ultrasonic signals to the interior of the transformer shell through the water coupling mechanism, and then the position of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism is moved to measure echo signals of all positions of the line device;
the signal processing module is used for converting the echo signals detected by the measuring module into electric signals, eliminating echo interference signals and transmitting the electric signals to the scanning module;
the scanning module analyzes the electric signals obtained by the signal processing module to determine the echo with the shortest echo sound path at each position of the line device;
the display module is used for displaying the position of a reflection point corresponding to the echo with the shortest echo sound path obtained by the scanning module on the transformer shell.
Preferably, the detection parameters include the diameter of the wire outlet device, the distance from the wire outlet device to the outer wall, the distance from the wire outlet device to the lower bottom plate, the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder, the ultrasonic sound path and the ultrasonic frequency.
Preferably, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism adopts an ultrasonic probe.
Preferably, the water coupling mechanism comprises a cavity frame body, a plurality of small holes are respectively formed in two opposite side faces of the cavity frame body, the small holes in each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with the water container and the water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic probe and the outer wall of the transformer.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes an ultrasonic probe to emit a beam of ultrasonic waves to the inside of the transformer by being vertical to the wall of the transformer cylinder outside the transformer, eliminates the echo interference of the wall of the transformer cylinder by fixed position quantitative attenuation and longitudinal wave oblique incidence methods, measures the acoustic path of the reflected waves of a line device, finds the position of the outlet device, which is the shortest from the ultrasonic probe to the echo acoustic path, measures the distance from the position to the bottom of an oil tank of the transformer to evaluate the downward deformation value of the outlet device of the transformer, then horizontally moves the ultrasonic probe, repeats the scanning operation, finds the reflection point with the smallest acoustic path at each position of the outlet device, and obtains the largest deformation. The invention can effectively test the position of the wire outlet device in the transformer box body, is convenient to effectively test the deformation generated in the long-term operation process of the conductor, provides technical support for safety evaluation in the operation process of the transformer, improves the safety performance of power grid equipment, and has the advantages of simple operation, high detection speed, accurate detection result, visual display, low cost and easy large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic measuring mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an ultrasonic echo diagram of the transformer outlet device position according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining a reflection point with a minimum sound path on the outlet device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a model of the outlet device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a two-dimensional display diagram of each position of the wire outlet device of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to some specific examples.
Example 1
An ultrasonic measuring device for the position of a transformer outgoing line device comprises an input module, a measuring module, a signal processing module, a scanning module and a display module;
the input module is used for inputting various detection parameters; the detection parameters comprise the diameter of the wire outlet device, the distance between the wire outlet device and the outer wall, the distance between the wire outlet device and the lower bottom plate, the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder, the ultrasonic sound path and the ultrasonic frequency, and the wire outlet device is considered by the horizontal arrangement position;
referring to fig. 1, the measuring module includes an ultrasonic measuring mechanism and a water coupling mechanism disposed on the ultrasonic measuring mechanism, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism transmits an ultrasonic signal to the inside of the transformer housing through the water coupling mechanism, and then the position of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism is moved to measure an echo signal at each position of the line device;
the ultrasonic measuring mechanism adopts a conventional ultrasonic probe, the water coupling mechanism comprises a cavity frame body, 3-6 small holes are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame body, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, the water pipes are pressurized and conveyed through the water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic probe and the outer wall of the transformer to play a coupling role.
The signal processing module is used for converting the echo signals detected by the measuring module into electric signals, eliminating echo interference signals and transmitting the electric signals to the scanning module;
the scanning module analyzes the electric signals obtained by the signal processing module to determine the echo with the shortest echo sound path at each position of the line device;
the display module is used for displaying the positions of reflection points, corresponding to the echoes with the shortest echo sound path, obtained by the scanning module on the transformer shell, connecting the reflection points into a curve and displaying the curve by adopting a two-dimensional graph.
An ultrasonic measurement method for the position of a transformer outgoing line device comprises the following steps:
(1) acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic probe within the range of 0.1MHz-5MHz, applying an excitation signal to excite an ultrasonic pulse signal with corresponding frequency, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism;
(2) eliminating echo interference: when sound waves enter the transformer shell, multiple echoes can be formed on the inner surface of the metal wall, interference is formed on target echoes, and the embodiment preferentially adopts a quantitative attenuation method to eliminate the interference of the echoes on the wall of the transformer cylinder;
setting incident sound intensity to I0The reflected sound intensity is IrThe reflectivity is R, and the multiple reflection sound intensity in the steel plate is Ir1，Ir2，Ir3.., ultrasonic divergence angle θ070 λ/D, where λ is the wavelength, thus Ir，n=Ir，n-1Xr × tg (70 λ/D), it can be seen that the intensity of the multiple reflected wave attenuates according to a fixed law. The thickness of the steel plate of the transformer shell is t, the positions of multiple echoes are t, 3t and 5t respectively, and the distance is fixed to be 2 times of the thickness.
The quantitative attenuation method is adopted, in the position without the outgoing line device, a beam of ultrasonic waves is emitted to the inside of the transformer by an ultrasonic measuring mechanism in a direction perpendicular to the wall of the transformer cylinder, multiple reflection bottom waves are obtained, referring to fig. 2a, the wave forms are inverted to form negative wave forms, the negative wave forms are superposed into detection waves, referring to fig. 2b, waves with the same amplitude and opposite directions are superposed at the same time and the same point through calculation, the echo at the point after superposition is zero, the influence of multiple echoes on the echo measurement of the outgoing line device is eliminated, and the superposed echo is obtained, referring to fig. 2 c.
The method for eliminating the echo interference can also adopt a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method, wherein the longitudinal wave oblique incidence method adopts a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method of 5-8 degrees, namely, the included angle between the sound wave and the normal line of the shell interface is 5-8 degrees, and at the moment, the reflected wave enables the main sound beam to be reflected and diffused outwards along the inner wall of the cylinder, so that the main sound beam is prevented from forming interference echo.
(3) Recording the echo position: searching a reflection point with the minimum sound path on the outlet device by moving the probe in the vertical direction, recording the position of the reflection point on the outer wall of the transformer shell, then transversely changing the position of the probe, repeating the scanning action, searching the reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the outlet device, and connecting the reflection points into a continuous curve;
referring to fig. 3, the ultrasonic probe is perpendicular to the direction of the outlet device, moves from the position 1 to the position 5, the position 1 has no outlet device echo, the positions 2, 3 and 4 have echoes, wherein the echo sound path of the position 3 is the shortest, and can be determined as the position of the center of the outlet device, the center position corresponds to the center position of the ultrasonic probe, and the offset of the point can be obtained by measuring the distance between the point and the bottom plate and comparing the distance with a design drawing.
(4) Determining the deformation amount: and (4) determining a point on the curve in the step (3) every 3-5mm, measuring the position from the point to the bottom plate of the transformer to form a group of measurement data, subtracting the design data from the measurement data to obtain a group of deviation data, wherein the maximum deviation data is the maximum deformation.
Application test
In 11/15/2020, the detection of the transformer outlet device of the german sun converter station in Sichuan is carried out by the institute of Electrical sciences in Henan, and the specific detection conditions are as follows:
1. the detection device comprises: the ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the transformer outgoing line device adopts a circular longitudinal wave probe with the frequency of 5MHz and the diameter of 20 mm;
2. detecting an object: the transformer wire outlet device is shown in a figure 4, and is in a shape of a round bar, is horizontally arranged, has the diameter of 200mm, and is 300mm away from the center of the outer wall and 2100mm away from the lower bottom plate;
3. detection process
(1) Starting a measuring device, entering a detection program, and inputting detection parameters;
(2) adjusting the position and amplitude of sound waves, and measuring the wall thickness of a transformer cylinder, wherein the wall thickness t =20 mm;
(3) moving up and down near the wire outlet device to find the echo of the horizontal wire outlet device;
(4) adjusting the size of a sound path detected by an instrument, and determining the size of the sound path as 380mm when the echo of the outlet device is at the position of 50% of the horizontal position of a screen;
(5) adjusting the gain of the instrument, and adjusting the highest echo height to be 80% of the height of the screen;
(6) determining the position of a bottom wave (T, 3T, 5T.. or..) and eliminating the influence of multiple bottom waves by adopting a quantitative attenuation method;
(7) scanning in the up-down direction from the end part of the wire outlet device, determining the position of the front edge of the highest echo, and recording the target of the center point of the probe on the outer surface of the cylinder;
(8) horizontally moving for 10mm, continuously moving up and down, and repeating the work of (7);
(9) a curve is formed according to the coordinates of the center point of the probe, 2100mm is taken as a reference point, the downward deformation is shown in figure 5, the horizontal length (unit mm) of the wire outlet device is taken as the abscissa, and the deformation (unit mm) of the wire outlet device is taken as the ordinate.
4. Analysis of results
As can be seen from fig. 5, the position of the horizontal length of the outlet device 3960mm is deformed downwards by 120mm, the deformation amount at the position is maximum, the deformation is gradually reduced towards both sides, and the detection result is consistent with the actual deformation condition, which indicates that the measuring method of the present invention is feasible.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic measurement method for the position of a transformer outgoing line device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic measuring mechanism, applying an excitation signal, exciting an ultrasonic pulse signal with corresponding frequency, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism;
(2) eliminating echo interference: eliminating echo interference of the wall of the transformer cylinder;
(3) recording the echo position: searching a reflection point with the minimum sound path on the outlet device by moving the probe in the vertical direction, recording the position of the reflection point on the outer wall of the transformer shell, then transversely changing the position of the probe, repeating the scanning action, searching the reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the outlet device, and connecting the reflection points into a curve;
(4) determining the deformation amount: and (4) determining a point at a certain distance on the curve in the step (3), measuring the position from the point to the bottom plate of the transformer to form a group of measured data, subtracting the designed data from the measured data to obtain a group of deviation data, wherein the maximum deviation data is the maximum deformation.
2. The ultrasonic device for measuring the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic measuring mechanism in step (1) adopts an ultrasonic probe.
3. The ultrasonic measuring method for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water coupling mechanism in step (1) is a cavity frame, the two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame are respectively provided with a plurality of small holes, the small hole on each side is connected with a water pipe, the water pipes on the two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism and the outer wall of the transformer.
4. The ultrasonic measurement method for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of eliminating the echo interference of the transformer cylinder wall comprises a quantitative attenuation method or a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method.
5. The ultrasonic measuring method for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the quantitative attenuation method is to emit a beam of ultrasonic wave perpendicular to the wall of the transformer cylinder to the inside of the transformer by using an ultrasonic measuring mechanism outside the transformer at the position of the outgoing line device to obtain multiple reflected bottom waves, invert the wave form to form a negative wave form, and superimpose the negative wave form on the detection wave to counteract the multiple bottom waves.
6. The ultrasonic measurement method for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the longitudinal wave oblique incidence method is to adopt a longitudinal wave oblique incidence of 5-8 degrees to the inner surface of the cylinder wall.
7. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the transformer outgoing line device is characterized by comprising an input module, a measuring module, a signal processing module, a scanning module and a display module;
the input module is used for inputting various detection parameters;
the measuring module comprises an ultrasonic measuring mechanism and a water coupling mechanism arranged on the ultrasonic measuring mechanism, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism transmits ultrasonic signals to the interior of the transformer shell through the water coupling mechanism, and then the position of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism is moved to measure echo signals of all positions of the line device;
the signal processing module is used for converting the echo signals detected by the measuring module into electric signals, eliminating echo interference signals and transmitting the electric signals to the scanning module;
the scanning module analyzes the electric signals obtained by the signal processing module to determine the echo with the shortest echo sound path at each position of the line device;
the display module is used for displaying the position of a reflection point corresponding to the echo with the shortest echo sound path obtained by the scanning module on the transformer shell.
8. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the detection parameters include the diameter of the outgoing line device, the distance from the outgoing line device to the outer wall, the distance from the outgoing line device to the lower bottom plate, the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder, the ultrasonic sound path and the ultrasonic frequency.
9. The ultrasonic device for measuring the position of a transformer outlet according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic measuring means is an ultrasonic probe.
10. The ultrasonic measurement device for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer of claim 7, wherein the water coupling mechanism comprises a cavity frame body, a plurality of small holes are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame body, the small hole on each side is connected with a water pipe, the water pipes on the two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic probe and the outer wall of the transformer.
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