CN112764038B - Ultrasonic measuring method and device for transformer outlet device position - Google Patents
Ultrasonic measuring method and device for transformer outlet device position Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic measuring method and device for the position of a transformer outlet device. The measuring method comprises the following steps: (1) acoustic emission: selecting an ultrasonic measuring mechanism, and transmitting the ultrasonic measuring mechanism into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism; (2) cancelling echo interference: the method comprises the steps of adopting a quantitative attenuation method or a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method to eliminate the echo interference of the wall of the transformer cylinder; (3) recording echo position: searching a reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the wire outlet device by moving the probe in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and connecting the reflection points into a curve; (4) determining the deformation amount: and determining a point on the curve at intervals, and measuring the position of the point to the bottom plate of the transformer to obtain the maximum deformation. The ultrasonic measuring method has the advantages of simple operation, high detection speed, accurate detection result, visual display, low cost and easy large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of detection and overhaul of power equipment, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic measuring method and device for the position of a transformer wire outlet device.
Background
The converter transformer generally adopts electrical copper as a winding conductor material, when high-intensity current passes through the conductor material, under the combined action of the Joule heating effect and the electron wind power, an electro-plastic effect can be generated in a metal conductor, so that the intensity of the conductor material is gradually reduced, and the temperature is higher and the intensity reduction amplitude is larger due to poor heat dissipation of the conductor position in the transformer outlet device. The strength of the conductor material of the wire outlet device is reduced, so that the wire outlet device can generate plastic deformation under extreme working conditions, sagging is formed on a horizontal section, and the deformation range born by the insulating material outside the conductor is limited, thereby breaking the insulation outside the conductor and causing discharge faults. If the discharging fault cannot be found in time, the transformer continues to operate, so that the transformer can be burnt out, large-area power failure is caused, and even the safe operation of the power system is threatened.
At present, no related detection method exists at home and abroad, so that discharge faults occur after the outlet device is greatly deformed, multiple large-scale fire accidents are caused in production, billions of losses are lost, and a great threat is caused to the safety of a power grid. In order to avoid the occurrence of similar accidents, a method and a device for measuring the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer are needed to be sought, so that the sagging degree caused by the deformation of the outgoing line device is estimated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic measuring method and device for the position of a transformer wire outlet device, which utilize the reflection principle of ultrasonic waves to realize the measurement of the position of the wire outlet device and the effective evaluation of the deformation degree of the wire outlet device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device comprises the following steps:
(1) Acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic measuring mechanism, applying an excitation signal, exciting an ultrasonic pulse signal with corresponding frequency, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism;
(2) Echo interference is eliminated: eliminating echo interference of the wall of the transformer;
(3) Recording echo position: the probe is moved in the vertical direction, a reflection point with the minimum sound path on the wire outlet device is searched, the position of the reflection point is recorded on the outer wall of the transformer shell, then the position of the probe is transversely changed, the scanning action is repeated, and the reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the wire outlet device is searched and connected into a curve;
(4) Determining the deformation: and (3) determining a point on the curve in the step (3) at a certain distance, forming a group of measurement data from the measurement point to the position of the transformer bottom plate, subtracting the design data from the measurement data, and obtaining a group of deviation data, wherein the maximum deviation data is the maximum deformation.
Preferably, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism in the step (1) adopts an ultrasonic probe.
Preferably, the water coupling mechanism in the step (1) is a cavity frame, a plurality of small holes are respectively formed in two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism and the outer wall of the transformer.
Preferably, the eliminating the echo interference of the wall of the transformer in the step (2) includes a quantitative attenuation method or a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method.
Preferably, the quantitative attenuation method is to transmit a beam of ultrasonic waves to the inside of the transformer outside the transformer by utilizing an ultrasonic measuring mechanism perpendicular to the wall of the transformer at the position without the wire outlet device, obtain a plurality of reflection bottom waves, invert the waveforms to form negative waveforms, and superimpose the negative waveforms on the detection waves so as to counteract the plurality of bottom waves.
Preferably, the oblique incidence method of the longitudinal wave adopts 5-8 degrees of longitudinal wave to obliquely enter the inner surface of the cylinder wall.
An ultrasonic measuring device for the position of a transformer wire outlet device comprises an input module, a measuring module, a signal processing module, a scanning module and a display module;
the input module is used for inputting various detection parameters;
the measuring module comprises an ultrasonic measuring mechanism and a water coupling mechanism arranged on the ultrasonic measuring mechanism, wherein the ultrasonic measuring mechanism transmits ultrasonic signals to the inside of the transformer shell through the water coupling mechanism, then the position of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism is moved, and echo signals of all positions of the wire outlet device are measured;
the signal processing module is used for converting the echo signals detected by the measuring module into electric signals, eliminating echo interference signals and transmitting the electric signals to the scanning module;
the scanning module analyzes the electric signals obtained by the signal processing module and determines the echo with the shortest echo sound path of each position of the wire outlet device;
the display module is used for displaying the position of the reflection point corresponding to the echo with the shortest echo sound path obtained by the scanning module on the transformer shell.
Preferably, the detection parameters include the diameter of the wire outlet device, the distance between the wire outlet device and the outer wall, the distance between the wire outlet device and the lower bottom plate, the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder, the ultrasonic sound path and the ultrasonic frequency.
Preferably, the ultrasonic measuring mechanism adopts an ultrasonic probe.
Preferably, the water coupling mechanism comprises a cavity frame body, a plurality of small holes are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame body, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic probe and the outer wall of the transformer.
The invention has the positive beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, an ultrasonic probe is utilized to emit a beam of ultrasonic waves to the inside of the transformer outside the transformer and perpendicular to the wall of the transformer, echo interference of the wall of the transformer is eliminated through a fixed position quantitative attenuation and longitudinal wave oblique incidence method, reflected wave sound path of the wire outlet device is measured, the position, which is the shortest from the wire outlet device to the echo sound path of the ultrasonic probe, is found out, the distance from the position to the bottom of a transformer oil tank is measured, the downward deformation value of the wire outlet device of the transformer is estimated, then the ultrasonic probe is horizontally moved, the scanning operation is repeated, and the reflection point with the minimum sound path of each position of the wire outlet device is found out, so that the maximum deformation is obtained. The ultrasonic measuring method can effectively test the position of the wire outlet device in the transformer box body, conveniently and effectively test the deformation generated in the long-term operation process of the conductor, provides technical support for safety assessment in the operation process of the transformer, improves the safety performance of power grid equipment, and has the advantages of simple operation, high detection speed, accurate and visual detection result, low cost and easy large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic measuring mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an ultrasonic echo diagram of the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining a reflection point with a minimum acoustic path on an outgoing line device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an outlet device according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a two-dimensional display view of each position of the wire outlet device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to a few specific examples.
Example 1
An ultrasonic measuring device for the position of a transformer wire outlet device comprises an input module, a measuring module, a signal processing module, a scanning module and a display module;
the input module is used for inputting various detection parameters; the detection parameters comprise the diameter of the wire outlet device, the distance between the wire outlet device and the outer wall, the distance between the wire outlet device and the lower bottom plate, the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder, the ultrasonic sound path and the ultrasonic frequency, and the wire outlet device takes the horizontal setting position as consideration;
referring to fig. 1, the measuring module comprises an ultrasonic measuring mechanism and a water coupling mechanism arranged on the ultrasonic measuring mechanism, wherein the ultrasonic measuring mechanism transmits ultrasonic signals to the inside of the transformer shell through the water coupling mechanism, then the position of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism is moved, and echo signals of all positions of the wire outlet device are measured;
the ultrasonic measuring mechanism adopts a conventional ultrasonic probe, the water coupling mechanism comprises a cavity frame body, 3-6 small holes are respectively formed in the two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame body, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on the two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic probe and the outer wall of the transformer through pressurized conveying of the water pump, so that a coupling effect is achieved.
The signal processing module is used for converting the echo signals detected by the measuring module into electric signals, eliminating echo interference signals and transmitting the electric signals to the scanning module;
the scanning module analyzes the electric signals obtained by the signal processing module and determines the echo with the shortest echo sound path of each position of the wire outlet device;
the display module is used for displaying the position of the reflection point corresponding to the echo with the shortest echo sound path obtained by the scanning module on the transformer shell, and the positions are connected into a curve and displayed by adopting a two-dimensional graph.
An ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device comprises the following steps:
(1) Acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic probe within the range of 0.1MHz-5MHz, applying an excitation signal, exciting an ultrasonic pulse signal with corresponding frequency, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism;
(2) Echo interference is eliminated: when sound waves enter the transformer shell, multiple echoes are formed on the inner surface of the metal wall, interference is formed on the target echoes, and the quantitative attenuation method is preferentially adopted to eliminate the echo interference of the wall of the transformer;
setting the incident sound intensity as I 0 The reflection sound intensity is I r The reflectivity is R, and the sound intensity of multiple reflections in the steel plate is I respectively r1 ，I r2 ，I r3 .., ultrasonic wave spread angle θ 0 70 lambda/D, where lambda is the wavelength, thus I r，n =I r，n-1 X R x tg (70 lambda/D), it can be seen that the intensity of the multiple reflected wave decays according to a fixed law. The thickness of the steel plate of the transformer shell is t, the positions of the multiple echoes are t,3t and 5t respectively, and the distance is fixed to be 2 times of the thickness.
The quantitative attenuation method is that a beam of ultrasonic waves is emitted to the inside of a transformer at the position without an outgoing line device by utilizing an ultrasonic measuring mechanism at the outside of the transformer and is perpendicular to the wall of the transformer to obtain a multi-reflection bottom wave, the waveform is inverted to form a negative waveform, the negative waveform is superimposed into a detection wave, the negative waveform is superimposed into the detection wave, the detection wave is superimposed into the detection wave at the same point at the same time by calculation, the waves with the same amplitude and opposite directions are superimposed, the echo of the superimposed point is zero, the influence of the multi-time echo on the echo measurement of the outgoing line device is eliminated, and the superimposed echo is obtained, and the superimposed echo is shown in fig. 2c.
The method for eliminating echo interference can also adopt a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method, wherein the longitudinal wave oblique incidence method adopts 5-8 degrees of longitudinal waves to obliquely enter the inner surface of the cylinder wall, namely the included angle between the sound wave and the normal line of the interface of the shell is 5-8 degrees, and at the moment, the reflected waves enable the main sound beam to reflect and diffuse outwards along the cylinder wall, so that the main sound beam is prevented from forming interference echo.
(3) Recording echo position: the probe is moved in the vertical direction to find the reflection point with the minimum sound path on the wire outlet device, the position of the reflection point is recorded on the outer wall of the transformer shell, then the position of the probe is transversely changed, the scanning action is repeated, and the reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the wire outlet device is found and connected into a continuous curve;
referring to fig. 3, the ultrasonic probe moves from position 1 to position 5 perpendicular to the direction of the wire outlet device, no wire outlet device echo exists in position 1, and echoes exist in positions 2, 3 and 4, wherein the echo sound path of position 3 is shortest, the position can be determined as the position of the center of the wire outlet device, the center position corresponds to the center position of the ultrasonic probe, and the offset of the point can be obtained by measuring the distance between the point and the bottom plate and comparing the distance with a design drawing.
(4) Determining the deformation: and (3) determining a point on the curve in the step (3) at intervals of 3-5mm, measuring the position of the point to the bottom plate of the transformer, forming a group of measurement data, subtracting the design data from the measurement data, and obtaining a group of deviation data, wherein the maximum deviation data is the maximum deformation.
Application test
The detection of the transformer outlet device of the Sichuan Tex converter station is carried out by Henan electric department on 11 months and 15 days 2020, and the specific detection conditions are as follows:
1. detection equipment: the ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the transformer wire outlet device adopts a circular longitudinal wave probe with the frequency of 5MHz and the diameter of 20mm;
2. detecting an object: the transformer outlet device is shown in the following figure 4, is in a round bar shape, is horizontally arranged, has the diameter of 200mm, and has the center 300mm away from the outer wall and 2100mm away from the lower bottom plate;
3. detection process
(1) Starting a measuring device, entering a detection program, and inputting detection parameters;
(2) Adjusting the position and amplitude of the sound wave, and measuring the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder body, wherein the wall thickness t=20mm;
(3) Moving up and down near the wire outlet device to find out the echo of the horizontal wire outlet device;
(4) Adjusting instrument detection sound Cheng Daxiao, positioning an echo of the wire outlet device at a position of 50% of the screen level, and determining sound Cheng Daxiao to be 380mm;
(5) Adjusting the gain of the instrument, and adjusting the highest echo height to 80% of the height of the screen;
(6) Determining the position of the bottom wave (T, 3T, 5T.). A quantitative attenuation method is adopted to eliminate the influence of the bottom wave for a plurality of times;
(7) Scanning in the up-down direction from the end part of the wire outlet device, determining the front position of the highest echo, and recording the target of the probe center point on the outer surface of the cylinder;
(8) Horizontally moving for 10mm, continuously moving up and down, and repeating the work of the step (7);
(9) A curve is formed according to the coordinates of the center point of the probe, 2100mm is taken as a reference point, the downward deformation is shown in fig. 5, the horizontal axis is the horizontal length (unit mm) of the wire outlet device, and the vertical axis is the deformation (unit mm) of the wire outlet device.
4. Analysis of results
As can be seen from fig. 5, the wire outlet device 3960mm is deformed downward by 120mm at the position of horizontal length, the deformation amount is maximum at this position, the deformation amount gradually decreases toward both sides, and the detection result matches with the actual deformation situation, which indicates that the measuring method of the invention is feasible.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and that other modifications and equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Acoustic wave emission: selecting an ultrasonic measuring mechanism, applying an excitation signal, exciting an ultrasonic pulse signal with corresponding frequency, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal into the transformer shell through a water coupling mechanism;
(2) Echo interference is eliminated: eliminating echo interference of the wall of the transformer;
(3) Recording echo position: the probe is moved in the vertical direction, a reflection point with the minimum sound path on the wire outlet device is searched, the position of the reflection point is recorded on the outer wall of the transformer shell, then the position of the probe is transversely changed, the scanning action is repeated, and the reflection point with the minimum sound path at each position of the wire outlet device is searched and connected into a curve;
(4) Determining the deformation: and (3) determining a point on the curve in the step (3) at a certain distance, forming a group of measurement data from the measurement point to the position of the transformer bottom plate, subtracting the design data from the measurement data, and obtaining a group of deviation data, wherein the maximum deviation data is the maximum deformation.
2. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic measuring means in the step (1) employs an ultrasonic probe.
3. The ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 1, wherein the water coupling mechanism in the step (1) is a cavity frame, a plurality of small holes are respectively formed in two opposite sides of the cavity frame, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with a water container and a water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism and the outer wall of the transformer.
4. The ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of eliminating the echo interference of the wall of the transformer comprises a quantitative attenuation method or a longitudinal wave oblique incidence method.
5. The ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 4, wherein the quantitative attenuation method is to transmit a beam of ultrasonic waves to the inside of the transformer perpendicular to the wall of the transformer by using an ultrasonic measuring mechanism outside the transformer at the position without the outlet device, obtain a plurality of reflected bottom waves, invert the waveforms to form negative waveforms, and superimpose the negative waveforms on the detected waves, thereby counteracting the plurality of bottom waves.
6. The ultrasonic measuring method for the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 4, wherein the oblique incidence method of the longitudinal wave is to use 5-8 degrees of longitudinal wave to obliquely enter the inner surface of the cylinder wall.
7. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the transformer wire outlet device is characterized by comprising an input module, a measuring module, a signal processing module, a scanning module and a display module;
the input module is used for inputting various detection parameters;
the measuring module comprises an ultrasonic measuring mechanism and a water coupling mechanism arranged on the ultrasonic measuring mechanism, wherein the ultrasonic measuring mechanism transmits ultrasonic signals to the inside of the transformer shell through the water coupling mechanism, then the position of the ultrasonic measuring mechanism is moved, and echo signals of all positions of the wire outlet device are measured;
the signal processing module is used for converting the echo signals detected by the measuring module into electric signals, eliminating echo interference signals and transmitting the electric signals to the scanning module;
the scanning module analyzes the electric signals obtained by the signal processing module and determines the echo with the shortest echo sound path of each position of the wire outlet device;
the display module is used for displaying the position of the reflection point corresponding to the echo with the shortest echo sound path obtained by the scanning module on the transformer shell.
8. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the outgoing line device of the transformer according to claim 7, wherein the detection parameters comprise the diameter of the outgoing line device, the distance between the outgoing line device and the outer wall, the distance between the outgoing line device and the lower bottom plate, the wall thickness of the transformer cylinder, the ultrasonic sound path and the ultrasonic frequency.
9. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of a transformer outlet device according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic measuring mechanism employs an ultrasonic probe.
10. The ultrasonic measuring device for the position of the transformer outlet device according to claim 7, wherein the water coupling mechanism comprises a cavity frame body, a plurality of small holes are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the cavity frame body, the small holes on each side are connected with water pipes, the water pipes on two sides are respectively connected with the water container and the water pump, and a water film is formed between the bottom of the ultrasonic probe and the outer wall of the transformer.
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| 500 kV变压器绝缘材料综合检测与应用;霍亚俊;冯霆;宇文龙;;山西电力;20180830(第04期);全文 * |
| Kang Liu ; Lu Guo ; Bodong Chen ; Yanyan Bao ; Jianqiao Ma ; .Analysis of Ultrasonic Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharge in Oil Immersed Power Transformer.2020 7th International Forum on Electrical Engineering and Automation (IFEEA).2020,全文. * |
| 变压器局放超声阵列传感器指向性评价;王鹏;中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅱ辑);20200115;全文 * |
| 特高压变压器出线装置的结构及故障分析;杨玉新;变压器;20201231;第57卷(第12期);32-35 * |
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