CN112761207A

CN112761207A - Efficient excavation method for farmland ditch

Info

Publication number: CN112761207A
Application number: CN202011465335.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高尚
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-12-14
Filing date: 2020-12-14
Publication date: 2021-05-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency excavation method of a farmland ditch, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly starting a forward and reverse motor to drive a ditch opening wheel to roll to a region to be excavated, then starting an electric cylinder to drive a soil loosening mechanism to contact the ground, then starting a speed reducing motor to start a slotting tool to be continuously inserted into soil for crushing, then starting a servo motor to start a rotating wheel to rotate after the crushing is finished, and lifting a push wheel pipe upwards to enable stirring pieces to dig out the crushed soil to form a ditch. According to the ditch digging mechanism, the ditch digging wheels used for bearing and transporting the ditch digging mechanism are arranged so as to easily reach the area to be dug, then the soil is crushed through the soil loosening mechanism, then the soil digging mechanism is started to dig out the crushed soil to form the ditch, the automation efficiency of ditch digging is high, the depth of the dug ditch is controllable, and the ditch digging mechanism has popularization value.

Description

Efficient excavation method for farmland ditch

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a high-efficiency excavation method of a farmland ditch.

Background

With the modern development of society, agriculture is gradually modernized, wherein farmland centralized planning and reclamation have been carried out for many years. In the past, when a ditch is excavated in a farmland taking an individual family as a unit, only a few shovels are needed to dig the ditch. At present, the farmland is planned together in a large area, and if the total excavation amount is large through manual excavation, more labor cost needs to be invested, and the labor and the time are wasted, so that the farmland is not suitable for production operation of modern agriculture.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency excavation method of a farmland ditch, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a high-efficiency excavation method of a farmland ditch, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, a transportation stage before trench excavation:

s1, firstly, taking out a rotating handle in the farmland ditch excavating equipment and inserting the rotating handle into the exposed end of the double-end tooth column, then rotating the rotating handle to drive a wheel ring to rotate so as to enable a ground grabbing cap to retract into the ditch opening wheel, and then inserting a positioning pin into a lock hole and a jack simultaneously;

s2, starting a forward and reverse rotation motor to rotate forward to drive the canal opening wheel to roll forward, and controlling the wheel pushing pipe to rotate in a steering mode until the canal opening wheel rolls to a region to be excavated;

s3, pulling out the positioning pin, and enabling the wheel ring to rotate and reset under the resilience action of the pressure spring, so that the ground grabbing cap extends out of the surface of the canal opening wheel and is embedded into soil to roll;

the farmland ditch excavating equipment comprises an open ditch wheel in a circular ring structure, a push wheel pipe arranged obliquely above the rear side of the open ditch wheel and a storage battery arranged on the push wheel pipe and used for providing power, wherein the middle part of one side surface of the open ditch wheel is provided with a circular groove, a plurality of ground grabbing caps are arranged in the circular groove, the states of the ground grabbing caps are outward radiation diffusion and inward radiation shrinkage, a pair of wheel rings for driving the ground grabbing caps to switch between diffusion and shrinkage are arranged in the circular groove, a rotating handle for driving the wheel rings to rotate and a positioning pin for locking the rotated wheel rings are inserted in the other side surface of the open ditch wheel, and a forward and reverse rotating motor for driving the open ditch wheel to roll forwards and backwards is arranged on the inner side of the open ditch wheel;

secondly, a trench excavation stage:

s4, starting the electric cylinder to drive the soil loosening mechanism to move downwards until the slotting tool is close to the soil;

s5, the speed reducing motor is started again to drive the cam to rotate, the pressing plate is driven to move downwards, the slotting tools are inserted into the soil, the push wheel pipe swings back and forth, and the slotting tools inserted downwards in a reciprocating mode completely crush the soil;

s6, stopping the work of the speed reducing motor after the crushing is finished, and then starting the electric cylinder to drive the soil loosening mechanism to reset;

s7, retreating the ditch opening wheel, starting the servo motor to drive the rotating wheel to rotate, lifting the wheel pushing pipe upwards, and rotating the stirring piece to stir the broken soil to form a ditch;

ditch excavation mechanism for removing soil after loosening soil of division ditch wheel the place ahead installation, ditch excavation mechanism is including being the support frame of type of falling L, the mechanism that loosens soil that is used for the hack of support frame inboard installation and the mechanism that digs soil that is used for digging soil of loosening mechanism the place ahead installation, the electronic jar that the mechanism that drives loosens soil and reciprocates is installed at the top of support frame, loosening mechanism includes one row of slotting tool that is the suspension state, a plurality of slotting tools top set up be used for supporting its pressure casing that reciprocates and the gear motor of driving a plurality of slotting tools motion of pressure casing installation, the bottom of pressure casing is provided with the clamp plate that can move from top to bottom, the cam that is used for promoting the clamp plate to move down is closely cup jointed in the middle part of gear motor's output shaft, excavation mechanism includes the runner of suspension in support frame the place ahead and the servo motor that drives the runner rotation, the outside of runner is personally submitted, The speed reducing motor, the electric cylinder and the servo motor are electrically connected with the storage battery through leads;

thirdly, mud cleaning stage after trench excavation:

s8, after the ditch opening wheel pushes out the muddy soil, the rotating handle is rotated to drive the wheel ring to rotate, so that the ground grabbing cap retracts into the ditch opening wheel and is inserted with a positioning pin for fixing;

s9, hooking a hanging pin and clamping the hanging pin into a hook positioned below, wherein the mud cleaning plate is propped against the surface of the canal opening wheel under the action of the elastic force of a top spring;

s10, pushing the push wheel pipe to move forward to drive the ditch opening wheel to roll forward, and stopping soil on the surface of the ditch opening wheel by the mud cleaning plate to fall off;

the mud cleaning mechanism for cleaning mud outside the canal opening wheel is installed on the lower side surface of the push wheel pipe, the mud cleaning mechanism comprises a mud cleaning plate, a pull rope fixed to the top of the mud cleaning plate and a hanging pin fixed to the top end of the pull rope, the push wheel pipe is close to the lower side surface of the top end and is symmetrically provided with two rows of hooks along the central axis of the push wheel pipe, and a top spring applying elasticity to the top of the mud cleaning plate is arranged at the top of the push wheel pipe.

As the further improvement of this technical scheme, two equidistant a plurality of connecting blocks that are equipped with between the wheel ring, the side of wheel ring just is located and has seted up the guide way between two adjacent connecting blocks, one end of guide way is close to the outer lane of wheel ring, its another is close to the inner circle of wheel ring, the one end of grabbing ground cap runs through there is the sliding pin, the sliding pin is pegged graft with the guide way and can slide, the side that the connecting block is close to another of guide way inlays and is equipped with the pressure spring, the inside of ring channel is inlayed and is equipped with the dog, the dog is located the pressure spring and grabs ground between the.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a plurality of tooth-shaped grooves are symmetrically formed in the outer side surface of the wheel ring, a double-end tooth column meshed with the tooth-shaped grooves is coaxially inserted into one end of the rotating handle, inserting holes inserted into the rotating handle and the positioning pin are formed in the side surface of the channel opening wheel at intervals, a locking hole inserted into the positioning pin is formed in the side surface of the wheel ring, and through holes inserted into the ground grabbing cap are formed in the middle of the outer side surface of the channel opening wheel in an annular shape at equal intervals.

As the further improvement of this technical scheme, the wheel hub center front end welding of runner has the worm wheel, servo motor's output shaft outer end coaxial coupling has the worm with the worm wheel meshing, the terminal surface of runner is 20 degrees to 30 degrees between with the vertical side contained angle of support frame, the spout along vertical extension is seted up to the vertical section symmetry of support frame, horizontal segment front end below integrated into one piece of support frame is equipped with the baffle, the horizontal segment front end integrated into one piece of support frame is equipped with the backplate, the lower half section of baffle and backplate are all parallel with the terminal surface of runner, be provided with the pivot of closely pegging graft with the runner between the lower half section of baffle and the backplate perpendicularly, spiral incision has all been seted up to the homonymy corner of a plurality of stirring pieces.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pressing cover is tightly inserted into a piston rod of the electric cylinder, the pressing cover is of a square tube structure with an opening in the bottom surface, guide pillars are symmetrically fixed on the bottom surface of a vertical section of the pressing cover, a circular ring is tightly sleeved at the bottom end of each guide pillar, a reset spring is sleeved on the outer side of each guide pillar, and guide holes inserted into the guide pillars are formed in two sides of a long edge of the pressing plate.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the pressing plate is located above the reset spring, a plurality of clamping blocks are arranged on the bottom surface of the pressing plate at equal intervals along the length direction of the pressing plate, the pressing plate is clamped with the clamping blocks and penetrates through and is fixed through pins, shaft holes are symmetrically formed in the corners of the vertical section of the pressing cover, and the output shaft of the speed reduction motor is inserted into the shaft holes and can rotate.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a push rod is inserted into the push wheel pipe, a grab handle in an annular structure is arranged at the top end of the push rod, a threaded sleeve communicated with the inside of the push wheel pipe is arranged on the upper side face of the top end of the push wheel pipe, and a bolt is connected to the inner thread of the threaded sleeve.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a limiting ring is fixed on the lower side surface of the push wheel pipe close to the bottom end, a limiting column spliced with the limiting ring is arranged at the top end of the mud cleaning plate, the limiting column is in sleeve joint fit with the top spring, and the distance between the two rows of hooks is smaller than the elongation of the top spring.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the bottom end of the push wheel pipe is welded with an inverted U-shaped wheel hub fork, the bottom end of the wheel hub fork is rotatably connected with a wheel shaft, a forward and reverse rotating motor is installed outside the wheel hub fork on one side, an output shaft of the forward and reverse rotating motor is coaxially connected with a driving gear, a plurality of conical teeth meshed with the driving gear are arranged on the inner side of the channel opening wheel at equal intervals, a cross-shaped wheel hub is welded inside the channel opening wheel, and the wheel hub is spliced with the wheel shaft and can rotate.

As the further improvement of this technical scheme, the bottom opposite side symmetry of wheel hub fork is equipped with the bracing piece, and the outside symmetrical welding of the vertical section of support frame has the suspension, and the other end of suspension and the middle part welding of wheel hub fork, the contained angle of suspension and wheel hub fork are between 130 degrees to 140 degrees, and the welding has the down tube between the middle part of suspension and the support frame, and the crossing department of down tube and suspension is equipped with the bayonet socket with bracing piece top joint.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. among this high-efficient excavation method of farmland irrigation canals and ditches, through the ditch wheel of opening that sets up for bear and transport irrigation canals and ditches excavation mechanism, so that easily reach and treat the excavation district, then earlier carry out the breakage to soil through starting loosening mechanism, restart excavation mechanism and dig out the hack, form the irrigation canals and ditches, its automation efficiency is high, labour saving and time saving, and excavation irrigation canals and ditches depth is controllable, has spreading value.

2. In the efficient excavation method of the farmland ditch, the plurality of ground grabbing caps are arranged in the ditch opening wheel, the rotating handle can drive the stretching and retracting of the ditch opening wheel, the ground grabbing caps can stretch out and embed soil in soil after stretching out, the ground grabbing force is formed, the ditch opening wheel is prevented from skidding, the ditch opening wheel can stably roll on the hard ground after retracting the ground grabbing caps, the ditch opening wheel is not jolted, the ditch opening wheel is used for transporting and using the ditch opening mechanism, the structure of the ditch opening wheel is changed, and the ditch opening wheel has practical value.

3. According to the efficient excavation method of the farmland ditch, the forward and reverse motors are arranged on one sides of the ditch opening wheels, so that the ditch opening wheels can be driven to rotate to touch the ground to roll when the ditch opening wheels work, manual pushing can be replaced, the physical strength of farmers is saved, and the farmland ditch is easy and comfortable to dry and live.

4. According to the efficient excavation method of the farmland ditch, the mud cleaning mechanism is arranged below the push wheel pipe, mud can be cleaned through traction and hanging, manual mud shoveling is not needed, the ending work of farmers after excavating the ditch is easy to process, and the survival time is also saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is one of the overall structural views of embodiment 1;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of an open channel wheel of embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is one of the wheel rim assembling structures of embodiment 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of an opening wheel in example 1;

FIG. 5 is a second schematic view of the wheel rim assembly of embodiment 1;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of example 5 at A;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the wheel rim according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the assembly of embodiment 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a structure of a push wheel of embodiment 1;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a sludge removing mechanism in embodiment 1;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a loose soil state of the trench digging mechanism in embodiment 1;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the trench digging mechanism of embodiment 1 in a state of digging soil;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing an assembly structure of the trench excavating mechanism according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the supporting frame of embodiment 1;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the ripping mechanism according to embodiment 1;

fig. 16 is a partially exploded view of the ripping mechanism according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a slotting cutter assembling structure in embodiment 1;

fig. 18 is an exploded view of the excavating mechanism of embodiment 1.

The various reference numbers in the figures mean:

100. a channel opening wheel; 101. an annular groove; 102. a stopper; 103. perforating; 104. a jack; 105. a tapered tooth; 106. a hub;

110. a wheel ring; 111. connecting blocks; 112. a guide groove; 113. a pressure spring; 114. a toothed groove; 115. a lock hole;

120. a ground-grasping cap; 121. a slide pin; 130. a handle is rotated; 131. a double-ended toothed column;

140. a positive and negative rotation motor; 141. a driving gear; 150. positioning pins;

200. a pusher tube; 201. a hub fork; 202. a support bar; 203. a wheel axle; 204. a threaded bushing; 205. a limiting ring; 206. hooking;

210. a mud cleaning mechanism; 211. cleaning a mud plate; 2110. a fender; 2111. a limiting column; 212. a cable; 213. a spring is supported; 214. hanging a pin; 220. a push rod; 221. a handle;

300. a storage battery;

400. a ditch excavating mechanism;

410. a support frame; 411. a material reducing tank; 412. a chute; 413. a partition plate; 414. a guard plate; 415. a rotating shaft; 416. a bearing;

420. a soil loosening mechanism; 421. inserting a cutter; 422. pressing a plate; 4220. a guide hole; 4221. a clamping block; 423. pressing the cover; 4230. a guide post; 4231. a return spring; 4232. a shaft hole; 424. a reduction motor; 425. a cam;

430. an electric cylinder; 440. a suspension; 441. a diagonal bar; 442. a bayonet;

450. a soil digging mechanism; 451. a rotating wheel; 452. a worm gear; 453. a stirring sheet; 4530. performing spiral cutting;

460. a servo motor; 461. a worm.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central axis", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

Example 1

The invention provides a high-efficiency excavation method of a farmland ditch, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, a transportation stage before trench excavation:

s1, firstly taking out the rotating handle 130 of the farmland ditch excavating equipment and inserting the rotating handle into the exposed end of the double-end tooth column 131, then rotating the rotating handle 130 to drive the wheel ring 110 to rotate, so as to enable the ground grabbing cap 120 to retract into the ditch opening wheel 100, and then inserting the positioning pin 150 into the lock hole 115 and the jack 104 at the same time;

s2, starting the forward and reverse rotation motor 140 to rotate forward to drive the canal opening wheel 100 to roll forward, and controlling the push wheel pipe 200 to rotate forward until the canal opening wheel rolls to the area to be excavated;

s3, pulling out the positioning pin 150, and enabling the wheel ring 110 to rotate and reset under the resilience of the pressure spring 113, so that the ground grabbing cap 120 extends out of the surface of the canal opening wheel 100 and is embedded into soil to roll;

the farmland ditch excavating equipment comprises an open ditch wheel 100 in a circular ring structure, a push wheel pipe 200 arranged obliquely above the rear side of the open ditch wheel 100 and a storage battery 300 arranged on the push wheel pipe 200 and used for providing power, wherein the middle part of one side surface of the open ditch wheel 100 is provided with an annular groove 101, a plurality of ground grabbing caps 120 are arranged inside the annular groove 101, the states of the ground grabbing caps 120 are outward radiation diffusion and inward radiation contraction, a pair of wheel rings 110 for driving the ground grabbing caps 120 to switch between diffusion and contraction are arranged inside the annular groove 101, a rotating handle 130 for driving the wheel rings 110 to rotate and a positioning pin 150 for locking the rotated wheel rings 110 are inserted into the other side surface of the open ditch wheel 100, and a forward and reverse rotating motor 140 for driving the open ditch wheel 100 to roll forwards and backwards is arranged on the inner side of the open ditch wheel 100;

secondly, a trench excavation stage:

s4, starting the electric cylinder 430 to drive the soil loosening mechanism 420 to move downwards until the slotting tool 421 is close to the soil;

s5, the speed reducing motor 424 is started again to drive the cam 425 to rotate, the pressing plate 422 is driven to move downwards, the plurality of slotting tools 421 are inserted into the soil, the wheel pushing pipe 200 swings back and forth, and the slotting tools 421 inserted downwards in a reciprocating mode completely crush the soil;

s6, stopping the work of the speed reducing motor 424 after the crushing is finished, and then starting the electric cylinder 430 to drive the soil loosening mechanism 420 to reset;

s7, retreating the ditch opening wheel 100, starting the servo motor 460 to drive the wheel 451 to rotate, and lifting the wheel pushing pipe 200 upwards, the stirring piece 453 rotates to stir the crushed soil to form a ditch;

the ditch excavating mechanism 400 for loosening soil and removing soil is arranged in front of the ditch opening wheel 100, the ditch excavating mechanism 400 comprises an inverted L-shaped support frame 410, a soil loosening mechanism 420 for crushing soil and an excavating mechanism 450 for digging soil, the soil loosening mechanism 420 is arranged on the inner side of the support frame 410, the excavating mechanism 450 is arranged in front of the soil loosening mechanism 420, an electric cylinder 430 for driving the soil loosening mechanism 420 to move up and down is arranged at the top of the support frame 410, the soil loosening mechanism 420 comprises a row of slotting tools 421 in a suspension state, a plurality of pressing covers 423 arranged above the slotting tools 421 and used for supporting the slotting tools to move up and down, a speed reducing motor 424 arranged outside the pressing covers 423 and used for driving the slotting tools 421 to move, a pressing plate 422 capable of moving up and down is arranged at the bottom of the pressing covers 423, a cam 425 used for pushing the pressing plate 422 to move down is tightly sleeved in the middle of an output shaft of the speed reducing motor 424, the excavating mechanism, the outer side surface of the rotating wheel 451 is annularly provided with a plurality of stirring sheets 453 at equal intervals, and the forward and reverse rotating motor 140, the speed reducing motor 424, the electric cylinder 430 and the servo motor 460 are electrically connected with the storage battery 300 through conducting wires;

thirdly, mud cleaning stage after trench excavation:

s8, after the ditching wheel 100 pushes out the muddy soil, the rotating handle 130 is rotated to drive the wheel ring 110 to rotate, so that the ground grabbing cap 120 retracts into the ditching wheel 100 and is inserted with the positioning pin 150 for fixing;

s9, hooking the hanging pin 214 and clamping the hanging pin into the hanging hook 206 at the lower part, wherein the mud cleaning plate 211 is propped against the surface of the canal opening wheel 100 under the action of the elastic force of the top spring 213;

s10, the push wheel pipe 200 is pushed to move forwards to drive the canal opening wheel 100 to roll forwards, and soil on the surface of the canal opening wheel is blocked by the mud cleaning plate 211 to fall off;

the mud cleaning mechanism 210 for cleaning mud outside the canal opening wheel 100 is installed on the lower side surface of the push wheel pipe 200, the mud cleaning mechanism 210 comprises a mud cleaning plate 211, a pull cable 212 fixed to the top of the mud cleaning plate 211 and a hanging pin 214 fixed to the top end of the pull cable 212, two rows of hooks 206 are symmetrically arranged on the lower side surface, close to the top end, of the push wheel pipe 200 along the central axis of the push wheel pipe, and a top spring 213 for applying elastic force to the top surface of the mud cleaning plate 211 is arranged on the top of the push wheel pipe.

Referring to fig. 1 to 18, the present invention provides an automatic trench digging device for farmland, which includes a circular ring-shaped trench digging wheel 100, a push wheel pipe 200 disposed at the rear side of the trench digging wheel 100 and obliquely above the trench digging wheel, a storage battery 300 disposed on the push wheel pipe 200 for supplying power, and a trench digging mechanism 400 mounted in front of the trench digging wheel 100 for loosening soil first and then removing soil, so that a farmer pushes the push wheel pipe 200 to push the trench digging mechanism 400 to a ridge to complete automatic trench digging. An annular groove 101 is formed in the middle of one side face of the ditch opening wheel 100, and the annular groove 101 does not penetrate through the other side face of the ditch opening wheel. The interior of the annular channel 101 is provided with a plurality of ground engaging caps 120 to keep the trenching wheel 100 from slipping on the thin earth. The middle part of the outer side surface of the open channel wheel 100 is provided with through holes 103 which are inserted with the ground grabbing caps 120 at equal intervals in an annular shape, the through holes have a guiding effect on the ground grabbing caps 120, the ground grabbing caps 120 can be conveniently extended out to be embedded into soil, and the ground grabbing effect is achieved. The states of the plurality of ground grabbing caps 120 are outward radiation diffusion and inward radiation contraction, a pair of wheel rings 110 which drive the plurality of ground grabbing caps 120 to switch between diffusion and contraction are arranged inside the annular groove 101, the wheel rings 110 are rotated in a reciprocating mode by a fixed angle, so that the ground grabbing caps 120 protrude out of the ditch opening wheel 100, the ditch opening wheel 100 grabs the ground when rolling on thin soil and is prevented from slipping or is hidden in the annular groove 101, and the ditch opening wheel 100 is prevented from rolling on hard ground and turning over. The other side surface of the trenching wheel 100 is inserted with a rotating handle 130 for driving the wheel ring 110 to rotate and a positioning pin 150 for locking the rotated wheel ring 110, the rotating handle 130 is convenient for farmers to control the movement of the ground-grasping cap 120 outside the trenching wheel 100, and the positioning pin 150 is convenient for farmers to control the stability of the wheel ring 110 outside the trenching wheel 100 and prevent the ground-grasping cap 120 from protruding outside. The forward and reverse rotation motor 140 for driving the ditch opening wheel 100 to roll back and forth is installed on the inner side of the ditch opening wheel 100, the ditch opening wheel 100 rolls on rare earth, the ditch opening wheel 100 is hard to push due to the viscosity of the rare earth, the ditch opening wheel 100 can be driven to roll after the forward and reverse rotation motor 140 is started, the physical strength of farmers is saved, and the practicability is realized.

Specifically, the bottom welding of push wheel pipe 200 has the wheel hub fork 201 that is the type of falling U, and its interval is greater than the width of ditch opening wheel 100, avoids mutual contact friction. The bottom of wheel hub fork 201 rotates and is connected with shaft 203, and the round hole of pegging graft with shaft 203 is seted up to the bottom of wheel hub fork 201, and the embedded antifriction bearing that is equipped with of round hole, and antifriction bearing closely pegs graft and rotate with shaft 203, and the both ends of shaft 203 run through there is the pin, and is located the outside of wheel hub fork 201, and the pin plays limiting displacement. The forward and reverse rotation motor 140 is installed outside the hub fork 201 on one side, so that the forward and reverse rotation motor 140 works stably, the output shaft of the forward and reverse rotation motor 140 is coaxially connected with a driving gear 141, a plurality of conical teeth 105 meshed with the driving gear 141 are arranged on the inner side of the channel opening wheel 100 at equal intervals, and the forward and reverse rotation motor 140 is started to drive the driving gear 141 to drive the channel opening wheel 100 to rotate and roll in a manner of being attached to the ground. The inside welding of the ditch opening wheel 100 has the wheel hub 106 that is cross for the ditch opening wheel 100 overall strength increases. The hub 106 is rotatably engaged with the axle 203 such that the trenching wheel 100 is integrally connected with the pusher tube 200 while the pusher tube 200 is held to control the rolling direction of the trenching wheel 100.

Further, a plurality of connecting blocks 111 are arranged between the two wheel rings 110 at equal intervals, so that the two wheel rings 110 are connected into a whole. A guide groove 112 is formed on the side surface of the wheel ring 110 and between two adjacent connecting blocks 111, one end of the guide groove 112 is close to the outer ring of the wheel ring 110, and the other end of the guide groove 112 is close to the inner ring of the wheel ring 110, so that the guide groove 112 extends obliquely towards the inner side of the wheel ring 110, a sliding pin 121 penetrates through one end of the ground gripping cap 120, the sliding pin 121 is inserted into the guide groove 112 and can slide, after the wheel ring 110 is rotated from the other end of the guide groove 112 to one end of the guide groove 112, because the ground gripping cap 120 is located in the through hole 103, the ground gripping cap 120 can retract into the through hole 103 along with the oblique downward sliding of the sliding pin 121 in the guide groove 112, so that the outer side surface of the canal wheel 100 is flat, and the ground gripping wheel can not roll on hard ground. A pressure spring 113 is embedded on the side surface of the connecting block 111 close to the other end of the guide groove 112, a stopper 102 is embedded inside the annular groove 101, the stopper 102 is located between the pressure spring 113 and the ground-grasping cap 120, the stopper 102 is used for supporting the pressure spring 113 so that the pressure spring 113 can be used for assisting the force, when the wheel ring 110 is rotated to retract the ground-grasping cap 120 into the through hole 103, the pressure spring 113 is pressed on one side of the stopper 102 to store elastic potential energy, after the positioning pin 150 is pulled out, the wheel ring 110 rotates under the action of the elastic force of the pressure spring 113, and the ground-grasping cap 120 protrudes out of the through hole 103 along with the oblique upward sliding of the sliding pin 121 in the guide groove 112 so as to be embedded into soil to form a ground-grasping force, so that the skidding of the ditching wheel 100 is avoided, and the axial pressure of the ground-grasping cap 120 embedded into the soil is counteracted by the guide groove 112 in a reverse direction by a large half due to an excessively large included angle between the axis, a protruding grip of the grip cap 120 is ensured.

In addition, a plurality of tooth-shaped grooves 114 are symmetrically formed on the outer side surface of the wheel ring 110, a double-end tooth column 131 meshed with the tooth-shaped grooves 114 is coaxially inserted into one end of the rotating handle 130, and the double-end tooth column 131 is always connected with the wheel ring 110, so that the wheel ring 110 can be driven to rotate by inserting the rotating handle 130 and rotating. The side surface of the open channel wheel 100 is provided with insertion holes 104 inserted with the rotating handle 130 and the positioning pins 150 at intervals, the side surface of the wheel ring 110 is provided with locking holes 115 inserted with the positioning pins 150, the arc length from the locking holes 115 to the insertion holes 104 inserted with the positioning pins 150 is the arc length of the rotation of the wheel ring 110, so that after the wheel ring 110 is rotated, the positions of the locking holes 115 and the insertion holes 104 inserted with the positioning pins 150 are overlapped, the positioning pins 150 are further inserted into the locking holes 115 and the insertion holes 104 simultaneously, the locking of the wheel ring 110 is realized, the ground grabbing cap 120 is ensured to be hidden in the through hole 103, and the open channel wheel 100 can roll smoothly.

When the ditching wheel rolls on a hard ground, the rotating handle 130 is taken out and inserted into the exposed end of the double-end tooth column 131, the rotating handle 130 is rotated to drive the wheel ring 110 to rotate so as to extrude the pressure spring 113, meanwhile, the ground-grasping cap 120 retracts into the through hole 103 along with the sliding pin 121 sliding obliquely downward in the guide slot 112 until the locking hole 115 coincides with the position of the insertion hole 104 into which the positioning pin 150 is inserted, and then the positioning pin 150 is inserted into the locking hole 115 and the insertion hole 104 simultaneously, the locking of the wheel ring 110 is realized, the ground-grasping cap 120 is ensured to be hidden in the through hole 103, the forward and reverse rotation motor 140 is started to rotate forward to drive the ditch opening wheel 100 to roll forward, when a ditch needs to be excavated on the rare earth, the positioning pin 150 is pulled out, the wheel ring 110 is reset under the resilience of the pressure spring 113, the ground grabbing cap 120 protrudes out of the through hole 103 along with the sliding pin 121 sliding obliquely upwards in the guide groove 112, so as to be embedded into the soil to form a gripping force, which is beneficial to the smooth rolling of the ditching wheel 100 in the rare soil.

The ditch excavating mechanism 400 comprises an inverted-L-shaped support frame 410, a soil loosening mechanism 420 arranged on the inner side of the support frame 410 and used for crushing soil, and an excavating mechanism 450 arranged in front of the soil loosening mechanism 420 and used for excavating soil, wherein when a ditch is excavated, the soil loosening mechanism 420 is started to crush sticky soil and loosen the sticky soil, and then the excavating mechanism 450 is started to excavate the crushed soil. An electric cylinder 430 for driving the ripping mechanism 420 to move up and down is mounted on the top of the supporting frame 410. The soil loosening mechanism 420 comprises a row of slotting tools 421 in a suspension state, a plurality of reducing motors 424 arranged above the slotting tools 421 and used for supporting the pressing cover 423 moving up and down and driving the plurality of slotting tools 421 to move outside the pressing cover 423, the slotting tools 421 are of a blade structure, when soil is crushed, an electric cylinder 430 is started to drive the plurality of slotting tools 421 to move down to be close to the surface of the soil, the reducing motors 424 are started to drive the plurality of slotting tools 421 to be inserted into the soil for crushing, after the crushing is finished, the electric cylinder 430 is started to drive the plurality of slotting tools 421 to reset and be hidden in a support frame 410, so that the slotting tools 421 are protected. The excavating mechanism 450 comprises a rotating wheel 451 suspended in front of the supporting frame 410 and a servo motor 460 driving the rotating wheel 451 to rotate, after soil is crushed, the servo motor 460 is started to drive the rotating wheel 451 to rotate, and then the pushing wheel pipe 200 is lifted upwards to enable the rotating wheel 451 to contact the crushed soil, so that the crushed soil is planed. The included angle between the end surface of the rotating wheel 451 and the vertical side surface of the supporting frame 410 is 20 degrees to 30 degrees, namely, the rotating wheel 451 inclines outwards. In order to ensure that the canal opening wheel 100 is normally pushed to integrally lift the canal digging mechanism 400 off the ground, the inclined arrangement of the rotating wheel 451 can design a larger outer diameter to quickly dig soil, and can ensure that the central axis of the rotating wheel 451 is flush with the ground by only lifting the push wheel pipe 200 upwards to dig soil in a large area by the rotating wheel 451. The worm wheel 452 is welded to the front end of the hub center of the runner 451, and the two are integrally connected. The outer end of the output shaft of the servo motor 460 is coaxially connected with a worm 461 engaged with the worm wheel 452, i.e. the wheel 451 is driven to rotate by starting the servo motor 460. The outer side surface of the rotating wheel 451 is provided with a plurality of stirring pieces 453 at equal intervals in a ring shape for stirring soil to be planed. The helical cuts 4530 are formed in the corners of the stirring pieces 453 on the same side, the helical cuts 4530 are spirally cut to the other corner along one corner of each stirring piece 453 by taking the central axis of the rotating wheel 451 as a rotating shaft, namely, the helical cuts 4530 are coiled like a spring, so that the cuts at the corners of the stirring pieces 453 on the same side are different in size, and when the rotating wheel 451 rotates, the bottom of each stirring piece 453 contacts with soil, and soil can be easily and smoothly planed out like the soil planing by knives with different widths.

The forward and reverse rotation motor 140, the speed reducing motor 424, the electric cylinder 430 and the servo motor 460 are electrically connected with the storage battery 300 through conducting wires, and the storage battery 300 serves as an electric energy source, so that the excavation equipment can be used outdoors. An empty box is fixed on the bottom of the push wheel pipe 200 through bolts and used for containing the storage battery 300.

Specifically, the vertical section of the supporting frame 410 is symmetrically provided with sliding grooves 412 extending vertically, and since the speed reduction motor 424 is located outside the supporting frame 410, the sliding grooves 412 are used for enabling the output shaft of the speed reduction motor 424 to move up and down in the sliding grooves. A partition 413 is integrally formed below the front end of the horizontal section of the supporting frame 410 and used for separating the slotting tool 421 and the rotating wheel 451 and preventing the slotting tool 421 and the rotating wheel 451 from splashing mud when the slotting tool and the rotating wheel move. The front end of the horizontal section of the supporting frame 410 is integrally provided with a guard plate 414 for protecting the rotating wheel 451, so as to avoid the splashing of soil and play a role of safety protection. The lower half section of the partition 413 and the guard plate 414 are both parallel to the end surface of the rotating wheel 451, a rotating shaft 415 tightly inserted with the rotating wheel 451 is vertically arranged between the lower half section of the partition 413 and the guard plate 414, bearings 416 are tightly sleeved at two ends of the rotating shaft 415, and the bearings 416 are embedded on the partition 413 and the guard plate 414, so that the rotating shaft 415 supports the rotating wheel 451 to stably rotate. The material reduction groove 411 is formed in the middle of the vertical section of the support frame 410, so that the manufacturing material of the support frame 410 can be saved under the condition that the strength of the support frame 410 is ensured.

Further, the pressure cover 423 is tightly inserted into a piston rod of the electric cylinder 430, and the electric cylinder 430 is started to drive the pressure cover 423 to move up and down. The pressing cover 423 is a square tube structure with an open bottom, guide pillars 4230 are symmetrically fixed on the bottom surface of a vertical section of the pressing cover 423, a circular ring is tightly sleeved at the bottom end of each guide pillar 4230 and plays a limiting role, a return spring 4231 is sleeved outside each guide pillar 4230, a pressing plate 422 is arranged at the bottom of the pressing cover 423, guide holes 4220 inserted with the guide pillars 4230 are formed in two sides of a long edge of the pressing plate 422, the pressing plate 422 is located above the return springs 4231, the extension amount of the return springs 4231 is larger than the length of the guide pillars 4230, and the elastic force of the return springs 4231 needs to be larger than the overall gravity of the pressing plate 422 and the plurality of slotting tools 421, so that the pressing plate 422 is pushed against the bottom surface of the.

Specifically, a plurality of clamping blocks 4221 are arranged on the bottom surface of the pressing plate 422 at equal intervals along the length direction of the pressing plate 422, the pressing plate 422 is clamped with the clamping blocks 4221 and penetrates through and is fixed through pins, and the structure is convenient for dismounting the slotting tool 421. Shaft holes 4232 are symmetrically formed in the corners of the vertical section of the pressing cover 423, an output shaft of the speed reducing motor 424 is inserted into the shaft holes 4232 and can rotate, a cam 425 used for pushing the pressing plate 422 to move downwards is tightly sleeved in the middle of the output shaft of the speed reducing motor 424, namely when the far end of the cam 425 rotates to the lower side, the pressing plate 422 is pushed to move downwards, and then the plurality of slotting tools 421 are driven to move downwards to be inserted into soil for crushing, due to the fact that the speed reducing motor 424 works ceaselessly, the plurality of slotting tools 421 can move up and down in a reciprocating mode under the common motion of the cam 425 and the return spring 4231 and are continuously inserted into the soil, and if the pushing wheel pipe 200 horizontally swings back and forth, the soil can be crushed more seriously, and the subsequent soil digging mechanism.

Further, the bracing piece 202 is equipped with to the bottom opposite side symmetry of wheel hub fork 201, and the outside symmetrical welding of the vertical section of support frame 410 has suspension 440, and the other end of suspension 440 and the middle part welding of wheel hub fork 201, the contained angle of suspension 440 and wheel hub fork 201 are between 130 degrees to 140 degrees for push wheel pipe 200 extends in the slant, accords with the implementation when human normal walking. The inclined rod 441 is welded between the middle of the suspension 440 and the support frame 410 to play a role in strengthening support, and a bayonet 442 clamped with the top end of the support rod 202 is arranged at the intersection of the inclined rod 441 and the suspension 440 and is welded, so that the weight of the ditch excavation mechanism 400 is transferred to the hub fork 201 and then is transmitted to the ground through the ditch opening wheel 100, and the stability of the whole body is ensured.

When the ditch excavating mechanism is used, the ditch opening wheel 100 is pushed and rolled to a position to be excavated, then the electric cylinder 430 is started to drive the soil loosening mechanism 420 to move downwards until the slotting tool 421 is close to soil, then the speed reducing motor 424 is started to drive the cam 425 to rotate, the pressing plate 422 is driven to move downwards, so that the slotting tools 421 are inserted into the soil, the wheel pushing pipe 200 is swung back and forth, the soil is completely crushed by the slotting tool 421 which is inserted back and forth, after the crushing is finished, the speed reducing motor 424 is stopped to work, the electric cylinder 430 is started to drive the soil loosening mechanism 420 to reset, then the servo motor 460 is started to drive the rotating wheel 451 to rotate, the wheel pushing pipe 200 is lifted upwards, and the stirring piece 453 is made to stir the crushed soil when rotating, so that a ditch.

The push rod 220 is inserted in the push wheel pipe 200, and the push rod 220 can stretch and retract so as to adjust the overall length of the push wheel pipe 200 and facilitate the use of people with different heights. The top end of the push rod 220 is provided with a grip 221 in an annular structure, which is convenient for being held by hand to push. The upper side surface of the top end of the push wheel pipe 200 is provided with a threaded sleeve 204 communicated with the inside of the push wheel pipe, the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 204 is connected with a bolt, and the bolt is screwed to press the push rod 220 in the push wheel pipe 200, so that the push wheel pipe is stable and does not slide. The mud cleaning mechanism 210 for cleaning mud outside the canal opening wheel 100 is installed on the lower side surface of the wheel pushing pipe 200, and the canal opening wheel 100 rolls in the mud and is bound with the mud, so that the mud cleaning mechanism 210 can replace manual mud cleaning and has practical value.

Specifically, the mud cleaning mechanism 210 comprises a mud cleaning plate 211, a guy cable 212 fixed to the top of the mud cleaning plate 211, and a hanging pin 214 fixed to the top end of the guy cable 212, wherein the guy cable 212 is made of steel strands, so that the guy cable is tensile and durable. The mud guard 2110 with a circular arc structure is integrally formed on the outer side face of the bottom of the mud cleaning plate 211, when the wheel pushing pipe 200 is pushed to move forwards, soil on the surface of the mud cleaning plate is blocked by the mud cleaning plate 211 and rolls up along the mud guard 2110 to fall off due to gravity, so that the soil is prevented from being accumulated. Two rows of hooks 206 are symmetrically arranged on the lower side of the top end of the push wheel tube 200 along the central axis thereof, the hooks 206 are open towards one side of the push wheel tube 200, and the hooks 206 are clamped with the hanging pins 214. A limiting ring 205 is fixed on the lower side surface of the push wheel pipe 200 close to the bottom end, a limiting column 2111 inserted with the limiting ring 205 is arranged at the top end of the mud cleaning plate 211, the limiting ring 205 is used for limiting the mud cleaning plate 211 to move along the axial direction of the limiting ring 205, a top spring 213 is sleeved on the outer side of the limiting column 2111, the top spring 213 is positioned below the limiting ring 205, the distance between two rows of hooks 206 is smaller than the extension amount of the top spring 213, when the hanging pin 214 is clamped on a pair of hooks 206 positioned below, the mud cleaning plate 211 is in contact with the canal opening wheel 100 under the elastic force of the top spring 213, at the moment, when the canal opening wheel 100 is driven, soil on the surface is blocked by the mud cleaning plate 211, when the hanging pin 214 is clamped on the pair of hooks 206 positioned above, the mud cleaning plate 211 is pulled upwards by the guy cable 212 to be separated from the canal opening wheel 100.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency excavation method for farmland ditches is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

firstly, a transportation stage before trench excavation:

secondly, a trench excavation stage:

thirdly, mud cleaning stage after trench excavation:

2. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 1, wherein: two equidistant being equipped with a plurality of connecting blocks between the wheel ring, the guide way has been seted up to the side of wheel ring and being located between two adjacent connecting blocks, and one end of guide way is close to the outer lane of wheel ring, and its another is close to the inner circle of wheel ring, and the one end of grabbing ground cap runs through there is the sliding pin, and the sliding pin is pegged graft and is slided with the guide way, and the side that the connecting block is close to another of guide way inlays and is equipped with the pressure spring, and the inside of ring channel is inlayed and is equipped with the dog, and the dog is located the.

3. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outer side surface of the wheel ring is symmetrically provided with a plurality of tooth-shaped grooves, one end of the rotating handle is coaxially inserted with a double-end tooth column meshed with the tooth-shaped grooves, the side surface of the channel opening wheel is provided with insertion holes inserted with the rotating handle and the positioning pin at intervals, the side surface of the wheel ring is provided with locking holes inserted with the positioning pin, and the middle part of the outer side surface of the channel opening wheel is provided with through holes inserted with the ground grabbing cap at equal intervals in an annular shape.

4. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the welding of the wheel hub center front end of runner has the worm wheel, servo motor's output shaft outer end coaxial coupling has the worm with worm wheel meshing, the terminal surface of runner is 20 degrees to 30 degrees with the vertical side contained angle of support frame between, the spout along vertical extension is seted up to the vertical section symmetry of support frame, horizontal segment front end below integrated into one piece of support frame is equipped with the baffle, the horizontal segment front end integrated into one piece of support frame is equipped with the backplate, the second section of baffle and backplate all are parallel with the terminal surface of runner, be provided with the pivot of closely pegging graft with the runner between the second section of baffle and the backplate perpendicularly, the spiral incision has all been seted up to the homonymy corner of a plurality of stirring pieces.

5. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the pressure cover is closely spliced with a piston rod of the electric cylinder, the pressure cover is of a square tube structure with an open bottom surface, guide pillars are symmetrically fixed on the bottom surface of a vertical section of the pressure cover, a circular ring is closely sleeved at the bottom end of each guide pillar, a reset spring is sleeved on the outer side of each guide pillar, and guide holes spliced with the guide pillars are formed in two sides of a long edge of the pressing plate.

6. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the clamp plate is located reset spring's top, and the bottom surface of clamp plate and along its length direction equidistant be equipped with a plurality of clamp blocks, and the clamp plate runs through fixedly with the clamp block joint through the pin, presses the vertical section corner symmetry of cover to have seted up the shaft hole, and gear motor's output shaft is pegged graft with the shaft hole and is rotatable.

7. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the inside of push wheel pipe is pegged graft and is had the push rod, and the top of push rod is provided with the grab handle that is the loop configuration, and the side is equipped with the screw thread sleeve pipe rather than inside being linked together on the top of push wheel pipe, and screw thread sheathed tube inside threaded connection has the bolt.

8. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the lower side surface of the push wheel pipe close to the bottom end is fixed with a limiting ring, the top end of the mud cleaning plate is provided with a limiting column inserted with the limiting ring, the limiting column is in sleeve joint fit with a top spring, and the distance between the two rows of hooks is smaller than the elongation of the top spring.

9. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the bottom welding of push wheel pipe has the wheel hub fork that is the type of falling U, and the bottom of wheel hub fork is rotated and is connected with the shaft, and the positive and negative motor of rotating is installed in one of them side wheel hub fork outsidely, and the output shaft coaxial coupling of positive and negative motor has the driving gear, and the inboard of ditching wheel is equidistant to be equipped with a plurality of conical tooth with driving gear meshing, and the inside welding of ditching wheel has the wheel hub that is the cross, and wheel hub and shaft peg graft and rotatable.

10. The efficient excavation method of a farmland trench as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the bottom opposite side symmetry of wheel hub fork is equipped with the bracing piece, and the outside symmetrical welding of vertical section of support frame has the suspension, and the other end of suspension and the middle part welding of wheel hub fork, the contained angle of suspension and wheel hub fork are between 130 degrees to 140 degrees, and the welding has the down tube between the middle part of suspension and the support frame, and the crossing department of down tube and suspension is equipped with the bayonet socket with bracing piece top joint.