CN112760225A - 一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系 - Google Patents
一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系 Download PDFInfo
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系,使用底部带有超微孔薄膜的Transwell小室作为上室培养胚胎,6孔细胞培养板的培养孔作为下室培养子宫内膜细胞,Transwell小室所带的超微孔薄膜允许胚胎全方位立体的进行分泌和吸收各种营养质,从而以接近自然的方式进行代谢和活动。根据位于下室内子宫内膜细胞层中的双核、三核或多核细胞的染色结果,可以对胚胎早期着床能力进行判定,从而提高妊娠效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及家畜繁殖领域,具体涉及一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系。
背景技术
牛的胚胎着床是胚胎从受精的第8~10天开始的,此时胚胎从透明带中孵化出来,形成孵化胚。孵化胚由可形成个体的内部细胞团和包被在其外部的滋养层细胞构成。滋养层形成胚盘的胎膜,在着床过程中起到核心作用:牛的早期胚胎从透明带中孵化后,通过滋养层细胞定位到子宫内膜上皮,同时,滋养层细胞以核分裂胞质不分裂方式进行多倍有丝分裂,形成巨大双核细胞,巨大双核细胞迁移到子宫内膜微绒毛突起处,与单核子宫内膜细胞融合,产生三核或多核细胞即多核合胞体,多核合胞体紧密连接包围子宫内膜上的肉阜,并发生黏附,随后多核合胞体-肉阜发育成胎盘,完成胚胎着床。因此,胚胎滋养层细胞在子宫内膜细胞表面进行信息互通,并且发生黏附是胚胎早期着床的关键因素。
大量的实践表明胚胎着床失败导致的不孕在自然及胚胎工程技术介入下的生殖过程中均广泛存在。牛体外的受精率约为90%,但受精胚移植到子宫后平均妊娠率约为55%,并且总胚胎损失的70%~80%发生在受精后第8天到12天之间,即发生在胚胎孵化到早期着床过程中。高产奶牛早期妊娠失败问题更为严重,是制约奶牛产业发展的主要因素。
不仅同期发情、胚胎移植等应用较为普遍的胚胎工程技术存在妊娠率不理想的问题(绝大多数妊娠失败发生在着床期),而且核移植克隆技术、转基因动物技术的发展瓶颈也与胚胎着床效率低关系密切。因此,提高胚胎工程技术的关键因素之一在于提高胚胎的着床率,从而提高出生率,这样相应的胚胎工程技术的应用效率才会提高,才能广泛的应用于畜牧业。
关于胚胎着床潜能的研究将为提高家畜妊娠能力以及繁殖力提供强有力的指导,具有巨大的理论意义和潜在的经济价值。但对于牛等大型家畜,采用体内试验研究其胚胎着床的成本高、实现难度大。因此,采用胚胎体外着床模型最大程度的模拟体内生理环境是研究胚胎着床机理的首选。目前报道的胚胎体外着床模型大部分都是用于研究人或者小鼠的胚胎着床,并且采用的都是胚胎与子宫组织、子宫内膜细胞直接接触的模拟方式,无法判断胚胎着床失败的原因是来源于子宫内膜细胞还是滋养层细胞。也有报道利用基质胶或海藻做载体,将胚胎置入其中,然后放在单层细胞上培养,通过观察胚胎生长晕和进行基因表达分析确定胚胎着床能力,分析过程复杂,操作要求较高,没有得到有效的推广和应用。
牛属于反刍动物,其在子宫形态学结构和生理环境、胚胎着床方式和机理上与人、小鼠完全不同。目前亟待建立牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系,从而解决牛胚胎体外着床模型匮乏的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养装置,该培养装置包括培养上室、培养下室以及仿子宫内膜细胞基质,所述培养上室的底部为具有微孔的通透性支持物,仿子宫内膜细胞基质包括设置于培养下室内的与培养上室的底部接触或留有间隙的子宫内膜细胞层以及设置于培养上室的底部上的可被金属蛋白酶水解的基质层,培养上室与培养下室通过培养上室底部未被基质层覆盖的微孔相连通。
优选的,所述微孔的孔径为10~16μm,以确保胚胎滋养层细胞可以穿过微孔进入培养下室。
优选的,所述基质层的厚度为0.1~0.2mm。
优选的,所述培养上室选自Transwell小室(底部带有的超微孔薄膜可作为具有微孔的通透性支持物),基质层选自Matrigel凝胶。
优选的,所述培养装置还包括设置在培养上室和培养下室内的培养液,培养液在培养下室和培养上室内呈连续分布。
一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养方法,该培养方法包括以下步骤:
1)在培养下室内制备一层或多层子宫内膜细胞(层数设定与子宫内膜细胞分泌的细胞因子数量等因素相关);
2)在培养上室的底部上制备可被金属蛋白酶水解的基质层,使基质层部分覆盖培养上室底部所采用的具有微孔的通透性支持物;然后将培养上室加载于培养下室内,并在培养上室及培养下室内加入培养液,使得培养上室与培养下室内的培养液稳定在同一平面;
3)将1枚以上的牛胚胎置入培养上室内的培养液中进行培养,并在培养过程中向所述培养液中间断性加入生殖激素(雌激素、孕激素、干扰素-τ)对牛胚胎进行处理。
优选的,所述培养液选自含10%~30%(体积分数)胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液。
优选的,所述步骤3)中,牛胚胎是在受精168~216小时后置入培养上室。
优选的,所述步骤3)具体包括以下步骤:在将牛胚胎置入培养上室内的培养液中的同时在培养上室内的培养液中添加雌激素至100~120pg/mL以及孕激素至2~8ng/mL,培养24~48小时后再在所述培养液中添加干扰素-τ至20~40ng/mL,培养24~48小时后再在所述培养液中添加雌激素至20~40ng/mL、孕激素至8~12ng/mL,以及干扰素-τ至30~50ng/mL,然后继续培养并确定牛胚胎在培养上室内的基质层上完成固定的情况。
优选的,所述步骤3)中,牛胚胎的培养条件为:培养温度为38℃,CO2浓度为5%,湿度为100%。
上述牛胚胎体外早期着床培养方法在胚胎着床能力判定中的应用。
优选的,将选取的一定数量的牛胚胎逐一置入培养上室并按照以上步骤3)进行处理,处理完成后观察并借助培养板盖标记位置固定的牛胚胎,从而在染色后便捷的观察形成在子宫内膜细胞层中的多核合胞体(双核、三核或多核细胞)。
优选的,所述牛胚胎在培养上室内培养48~96小时后(通常具备着床能力的牛胚胎会固定位置),对培养下室内最上一层子宫内膜细胞进行染色,若根据染色结果发现存在多核合胞体,则判定该牛胚胎在体内具备着床能力,若根据染色结果未发现存在多核合胞体,则判定该牛胚胎在体内不具备体内着床能力。
优选的,统计选取的牛胚胎中具备体内着床能力的牛胚胎的数量比例。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
本发明的培养上室底部采用具有微孔的通透性支持物的结构形式,并且培养下室内的子宫内膜细胞层与培养上室底部的基质层形成仿子宫内膜细胞基质,允许培养上室内的胚胎(例如,牛等反刍动物的胚胎)在培养过程中全方位的进行分泌和吸收各种营养质和因子,从而以接近体内自然的方式进行代谢和活动,通过对培养下室内的子宫内膜细胞层染色并在显微镜下观察双核、三核细胞或多核细胞,就可以获得作为胚胎能否进行早期着床的依据。
进一步的,本发明通过调控生殖激素的加入时机和浓度,可以使牛胚胎无干扰的在培养液中进行持续的代谢、游走和黏附,从而实现牛胚胎体外早期着床。
附图说明
图1为牛胚胎体外着床模型示意图;
图2为培养4天后对下室的子宫内膜细胞进行染色的结果(图片放大40倍);其中:(A)体外受精来源胚胎,(B)体内受精来源胚胎;箭头指示双核、三核或多核细胞;
图中:1.Transwell小室,2.液面,3.培养孔,4.Matrigel凝胶,5. 12μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜,6.胚胎,7. 3μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜,8.子宫内膜细胞。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,所述实施例仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明提供了一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养体系,该培养体系更接近于牛的在体胚胎着床环境,使在体外观察牛胚胎着床成为现实,有助于研究妊娠失败的机理,同时利用该培养体系可进行大量与胚胎着床有关影响因素的研究,例如,药物、激素以及毒物等的研究,实验证明所述培养体系是一个研究牛等大型家畜的妊娠以及评价胚胎着床能力的无可比拟的工具,对提高养牛业的经济效益意义重大。
1.实验方法
1.1试剂与耗材
试验耗材:6孔细胞培养板、Transwell小室、12μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜、3μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜(均购自美国Corning公司)。
主要试剂:Matrigel基质胶(Corning公司),高糖DMEM(Gibco公司),M199(Gibco公司),DMEM/F12(Gibco公司),胎牛血清FBS(Gibco公司),孕激素即6-去氢黄体酮(上海TCI公司),雌激素即乙烯雌酚(上海TCI公司),干扰素-τ(武汉云克隆科技股份有限公司)。
PBS(磷酸盐缓冲液)的配制(0.01mol/L):称取氯化钠8g、氯化钾0.2g、磷酸氢二钠3.58g,以及磷酸二氢钾0.24g,加入800mL三蒸水中,用1mol/L的氢氧化钠或1mol/L盐酸调节pH值为7.0~7.2,加超纯水定容至1000mL,用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装,储存在-4℃冰箱。
DMEM培养液的配制:先用灭菌三蒸水800mL将1包高糖DMEM粉末溶解,在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,添加3.7g碳酸氢钠和0.2g L-谷氨酰胺,再添加青霉素和链霉素(使各自的终浓度为100mg/L),用灭菌三蒸水定容到1000mL,用1mol/L的氢氧化钠或1mol/L盐酸调节pH值为7.0~7.2,用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装,储存在4℃冰箱。
DMEM/F12培养液的配制:将一袋DMEM/F12粉末用800mL三蒸水溶解,加入2.438克碳酸氢钠,轻微搅拌溶解,加三蒸水定容至1000mL。用1mol/L氢氧化钠或1mol/L盐酸调节pH至7.0~7.2,用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,在4℃冰箱保存。
孕激素浓缩液的配制:称取6-去氢黄体酮10mg,用10mL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解,配制成1mg/mL的浓缩液,分装,储存在-20℃冰箱。
雌激素浓缩液的配制:称取乙烯雌酚10mg,溶于10mL DMSO中,配制成1mg/mL的浓缩液。吸取该浓缩液1μL与1mL DMSO混匀,制成1μg/mL乙烯雌酚浓缩液,分装,储存在-20℃冰箱。
干扰素-τ浓缩液的配制:先用PBS配制0.1%的BSA溶液,称取干扰素-τ10mg与上述0.1%的BSA溶液混匀,配制成1mg/mL的浓缩液。吸取该浓缩液1μL与10mL上述0.1%的BSA溶液混匀,制成0.1μg/mL干扰素-τ浓缩液,分装,储存在-80℃冰箱。
1.2子宫内膜细胞分离培养
1.2.1原代培养
2019年12月从陕西省兴平市屠宰场无菌采集奶牛子宫置于37℃PBS中并于3h内运回实验室,用无菌PBS反复清洗,用线绳将子宫体和一侧子宫角分别结扎,用剪刀纵向剖开子宫,剪取一小块子宫内膜组织,用PBS冲洗组织块。
采用组织块培养法培养子宫内膜细胞:首先将组织块放入无菌平皿中,用含20%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液润湿,再用眼科直剪将子宫内膜组织剪切成1立方毫米的组织小块。用吸管吸取若干组织小块置于培养皿底部,组织小块间距0.3厘米左右,加入少量培养液,使组织小块稍微湿润但不浮起为准,将培养皿放入二氧化碳培养箱中培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度)5小时,再加入1mL培养液,放回培养箱继续培养。48小时后再加入3mL培养液,随后每隔48小时更换一半培养液。继续培养6天后可以看到少量子宫内膜细胞在组织块周围游离出来,10天左右就可以长满培养皿底部。
1.2.2子宫内膜细胞的传代培养
当原代培养的子宫内膜细胞铺满培养皿底部90%左右时进行传代培养:先吸去旧培养液,用5mL PBS清洗2次,再加入含有0.25%胰蛋白酶和0.02%乙二胺四乙酸的PBS进行消化,轻轻摇动培养皿,在倒置相差显微镜下观察,当发现外围变圆、细胞间隙增大时,立即加入2mL含20%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中止消化,再用吸管轻轻吹打底壁细胞,使细胞完全脱离底壁,以1000r/min离心5min后收集细胞,采用含20%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液将细胞沉淀重新悬浮,计数并调整细胞密度为1×105个/mL,将细胞接种到新的培养皿中,置培养箱中继续培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度),此后每隔1天进行半量换液,经过6~7天的培养后消化细胞,按照常规的细胞冷冻保存技术进行低温保存。
1.3牛胚胎的准备
1.3.1孤雌激活胚胎
1.3.1.1卵母细胞成熟培养
从屠宰场无菌采集奶牛子宫置于37℃PBS中并于3h内运回实验室,用无菌的生理盐水充分冲洗卵巢,采用抽吸法获得牛卵母细胞,即用带有9号针头的10毫升注射器从直径约2~8mm的卵泡内抽取颗粒细胞-卵母细胞复合体(COC),用PBS洗三遍。将带有紧密排列颗粒细胞且卵母细胞胞质均一的COC培养在50μL的含20%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液微滴中,覆盖石蜡油,置于二氧化碳培养箱中培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度)22小时,将培养后的COC移入含0.3%透明质酸酶的PBS中,轻轻吹打使颗粒细胞脱落。用PBS将卵母细胞洗三遍,在镜下可见到第一极体的卵母细胞,即为用于进一步试验的成熟的卵母细胞。
1.3.1.2孤雌激活
将成熟的卵母细胞进行孤雌激活:在含5μmol/L离子霉素的M199培养液中激活5min,然后在含2mmol/L二甲基氨基嘌呤的M199培养液中培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度)4小时,再用DMEM/F12培养液洗三遍,继续用含5%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度),48小时后观察卵裂率,每隔2天半量换液,同时去掉发育不正常的胚胎,8天后保留发育到囊胚阶段的孤雌激活胚胎。
1.3.2体外受精胚胎
将冷冻保存的细管型牛冷冻精液(2017年3月,购自陕西省种公牛站)在37℃水中迅速解冻,稀释10倍,以1200r/min离心3min,弃除上清液,将底部的精子移入预先加入有1mL DMEM/F12培养液的离心管内,30min悬浮(即在试管中静置30min)后,将活力强的上层精子吸到另一个含有DMEM/F12培养液的凹型培养皿中,调节精子密度为1×108个/mL,再与上述培养成熟的COC(指1.3.1.1中培养22小时后COC)共培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度)24小时,轻轻吹打去掉颗粒细胞,挑选卵裂了的胚胎继续进行培养,具体方法为:用含5%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液培养8天,期间每隔2天半量换液,同时去掉发育不正常的胚胎,保留发育到囊胚阶段胚胎。
1.3.3体内受精胚胎
非手术法冲取胚胎(2019年11月陕西省科园生物技术有限公司):对超数排卵或自然发情排卵的牛,在受精后第8天将牛保定在六柱栏内,清除直肠内粪便,洗净,消毒外阴部,在第1~2节荐尾椎硬膜外腔内注射5毫升3%盐酸普鲁卡因,用扩宫棒扩张子宫颈,拔出扩宫棒,根据牛体型大小选用l6~20#硅胶采胚管进行胚胎采集。
胚胎采集:慢慢地将带钢芯的冲胚管插入子宫角,当到达子宫角大弯处时,拔出钢芯5厘米左右,以防止钢芯穿过侧孔而引起子宫内膜出血;再将冲胚管送向子宫角前端,当到达子宫角小弯处时,再向外拔出钢芯2~3厘米左右,直到冲胚管到达子宫角前端为止,随后用20毫升注射器向冲胚管的气囊充气,最后完全拔出钢芯,连接冲胚管和三通管,先打开输入管开关,注入冲胚液,手在直肠中托起子宫角并在感觉其饱涨后关闭输入管开关,再打开输出管开关,收集冲胚液。反复冲胚几次,每侧子宫角用冲胚液300~500毫升,一侧子宫角冲胚完毕后换至另一侧子宫角冲胚。在倒置显微镜下挑选囊胚阶段的胚胎。
1.4体外早期着床培养体系的构建
1.4.1培养体系的下层结构
在6孔板的培养孔3中添加100μL含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液,接种子宫内膜细胞(密度为1×105个/mL),置于二氧化碳培养箱中培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度),6小时后(培养孔底部形成了一层子宫内膜细胞8)在培养孔3内放置第一片预先经紫外线照射30min的聚碳酸酯膜(孔径3μm),添加100μL含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液,接种子宫内膜细胞(密度为1×105个/mL),培养6小时后(此时第一片3μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜7上形成了一层子宫内膜细胞8)继续在培养孔3内放置第二片预先经紫外线照射30min的聚碳酸酯膜(孔径3μm),添加100μL含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液,接种子宫内膜细胞(密度为1×105个/mL),培养6小时后(此时第二片3μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜7上形成了一层子宫内膜细胞8)吸去未贴壁的细胞,在培养孔3中添加500μL含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液(两层聚碳酸酯膜上的子宫内膜细胞悬浮于培养液上层)。
1.4.2培养体系的上层结构
将已经稀释好的Martrigel(用DMEM培养液稀释成1mg/mL,-20℃保存)冰浴融化,在冰盒上将50μL融化的Martrigel平铺于Tranwell小室1(与6孔板培养孔3匹配)底部的聚碳酸酯膜(孔径12μm)上,避免产生气泡,37℃放置1小时,使Matrigel聚合成凝胶。
1.4.3培养体系上、下层结构的组装
将底部铺有Matrigel凝胶4的Transwell小室1放在经1.4.1处理后的6孔板上(Transwell小室1下部位于对应一个预先接种了3层子宫内膜细胞的培养孔3内,并与最上一层悬浮的子宫内膜细胞接触),向Tranwell小室1中加入200μL含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液,在下方培养孔3内补加含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液,使得Tranwell小室1内的培养液与其下方培养孔3内的培养液达到液面2平齐,将整个培养体系于培养箱中平衡(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度)30min。
1.5牛胚胎体外早期着床培养
从需要研究的同批次胚胎(囊胚)中取1枚胚胎6置于构建的培养体系的Transwell小室1内,同时在Transwell小室1内的培养液中添加雌激素110pg/mL以及孕激素6ng/mL,培养(38℃,5%CO2,100%湿度)24小时后添加干扰素-τ30ng/mL,继续培养24小时后再添加雌激素30ng/mL、孕激素10ng/mL,以及干扰素-τ40ng/mL(以上各生殖激素的浓度为在培养体系内培养液中的添加终浓度),然后继续培养,同时观察记录胚胎的孵化、位置变化,培养至第四天,如果胚胎固定在一个位置,并且滋养层细胞向周围扩散,则通过目视观察在培养板盖用记号笔标记胚胎所在的位置(如果位置不固定,说明该枚胚胎着床能力低下),随后取出上层的Transwell小室1,并去掉下层培养孔3中的培养液,用PBS洗两次,将培养孔3中的最上一层聚碳酸酯膜上的细胞用苏木精-伊红染色法染色15min,清水洗3遍后在显微镜下观察细胞,观察到的双核、三核或多核细胞就是胚胎早期着床的标志。
2.结果与讨论
2.1影响胚胎着床的体外培养条件
1)基质
本发明为了使胚胎体外着床模型尽可能模拟体内胚胎早期着床环境,使用带有超微孔薄膜(即12μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜5)的Transwell小室1作为上室(Transwell小室底部12μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜上铺有一层Matrigel凝胶4,即图1中的小室底部的虚线),6孔细胞培养板的培养孔3作为下室。Transwell小室1底部的超微孔薄膜边缘的微孔未被Matrigel凝胶4封闭,存在一定的孔隙,使得上室与下室内的培养液互通,允许胚胎从上下左右全方位立体的进行分泌和吸收各种营养质和因子(例如,子宫内膜细胞所分泌的细胞因子),从而以接近自然的方式进行代谢和活动。
标准6孔板每个培养孔底部直径为3.5cm,而放在其上面的Transwell小室1的12μm孔径聚碳酸酯膜的直径为2.4cm,因此,每次吸取50μL Matrigel于该聚碳酸酯膜的中央,则Matrigel铺开后形成的基质膜(Matrigel凝胶)的层厚约为0.11mm。
2)孕激素、雌激素和干扰素-τ
牛胚胎着床开始时的激素调节主要以孕激素和雌激素为主,孕激素通过参与子宫内膜细胞蛋白的分泌而调节子宫内环境,从而为支持早期胚胎的发育、附植创造最佳条件。雌激素和孕激素相互协调,在妊娠初期分别与各自的受体作用,共同使子宫内膜由非粘附状态向粘附状态转变,精确调节胚胎着床。
牛胚胎早期着床时,干扰素-τ作为妊娠识别信号,可以抑制子宫内膜细胞产生前列腺素(PGF2α),从而使孕激素不溶解,持续的孕激素作用于子宫内膜细胞和胚胎滋养层细胞,导致相关基因特异性表达,使得胚胎先在子宫内膜进行定位,然后进一步与子宫腔内膜细胞粘附,进而完成血管发生,并最终建立胎盘,从而完成着床。
因此,为了保持培养体系具有必要的促成胚胎固定于基质层的激素,在体系内添加了一定比例的孕激素、雌激素和干扰素-τ。同时,使得利用该培养体系对胚胎着床机理进行研究,有助于解决牛的不孕及早期流产等产科事件。
2.2胚胎着床能力判定
双核、三核或多核细胞即多核合胞体,是胚胎滋养层细胞和子宫内膜细胞通过信息互通进行结合并共同分化形成的胎盘前体,这是反刍动物胚胎所具备的特有的着床特点。
一般能够着床的胚胎表现为位置固定,随着体外培养的进行,胚胎滋养层细胞以胚胎为中心向周围进行短距离的迁移、分化、发育。由于上层Transwell小室底部的聚碳酸酯膜的孔径为12μm,而且膜孔被Matrigel凝胶覆盖(此处的Matrigel凝胶用于模拟体内子宫内膜细胞基质),着床能力强的胚胎经过位置固定后,通过滋养层细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶水解Martrigel,并且滋养层细胞可通过变形运动穿过Transwell小室底部的聚碳酸酯膜,从而在下层培养孔内子宫内膜细胞分泌的细胞因子的作用下表现出趋向性,在与子宫内膜细胞接触后通过形成足够数量的多核合胞体完成体外胚胎早期着床,这与体内情况较为相似。
而一般不能着床或早期着床异常的胚胎表现为位置不固定,即胚胎孵化后几天内仍然不停留在某个固定的位置,或者滋养层细胞不分泌基质金属蛋白酶或分泌不足,无法穿过聚碳酸酯膜与子宫内膜细胞接触并产生信息互通,因此,胚胎早期着床失败。
由于胚胎滋养层细胞以胚胎为中心向周围迁移的距离极短,穿过Transwell小室底部的聚碳酸酯膜的滋养层细胞到达下层培养孔后,与其内部的子宫内膜细胞的接触仅仅发生在胚胎所在位置垂直向下的投影位置,一般不会存在分散的双核、三核细胞或多核细胞染色结果。因此,通过染色及在显微镜下观察位于下层培养孔内的子宫内膜细胞中的双核、三核细胞或多核细胞,可以对于胚胎早期着床能力进行准确判定(图2)。
2.3胚胎来源
针对不同来源的胚胎,利用本发明的胚胎体外着床模型发现孤雌激活胚胎的着床率为0(0/24),体外受精胚胎的着床率为62.5%(15/24),而体内受精胚胎的着床率为95.8%(23/24)。迄今很少有研究能证明孤雌激活胚胎能着床、发育,而体外受精来源的胚胎妊娠率显著低于体内受精来源的胚胎也是公认的事实,以上各种胚胎早期着床数据的差异,说明该牛胚胎体外着床模型完全能反应胚胎的着床能力,并进行一系列与牛胚胎着床有关的影响因素的研究,例如转基因、药物、毒物或药物等对胚胎着床甚至妊娠的影响。
总之,经过多次对不同种类牛胚胎细胞进行实验,结果表明利用通透性支持物进行牛胚胎培养并且模拟早期着床,能用于各种来源的牛胚胎着床潜能的评估,以及用于与牛胚胎着床有关影响因素影响牛胚胎着床的机理研究。
Claims (10)
1.一种反刍动物胚胎体外早期着床培养装置,其特征在于:该培养装置包括培养上室、培养下室以及仿子宫内膜细胞基质,所述培养上室的底部为具有微孔的通透性支持物,仿子宫内膜细胞基质包括设置于培养下室内的子宫内膜细胞层以及设置于培养上室的底部上的可被金属蛋白酶水解的基质层,培养上室与培养下室通过培养上室底部未被基质层覆盖的微孔相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养装置,其特征在于:所述微孔的孔径为10~16μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养装置,其特征在于:所述基质层的厚度为0.1~0.2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养装置,其特征在于:所述培养上室选自Transwell小室(1),基质层选自Matrigel凝胶(4)。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养装置,其特征在于:所述培养装置还包括设置在培养上室和培养下室内的培养液,培养液在培养下室和培养上室内呈连续分布。
6.一种反刍动物胚胎体外早期着床培养方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)在培养下室内制备一层或多层子宫内膜细胞;
2)在培养上室的底部上制备可被金属蛋白酶水解的基质层,使基质层部分覆盖培养上室底部所采用的具有微孔的通透性支持物;然后将培养上室加载于培养下室内,并在培养上室及培养下室内加入培养液,使得培养上室与培养下室内的培养液稳定在同一平面;
3)将1枚以上的胚胎置入培养上室内的培养液中进行培养,并在培养过程中向所述培养液中间断性加入生殖激素对胚胎进行处理。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养方法,其特征在于:所述培养液选自含10%~30%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液。
8.根据权利要求6所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,胚胎选自受精后168~216小时的牛胚胎。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种牛胚胎体外早期着床培养方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)具体包括以下步骤:在将牛胚胎置入培养上室内的培养液中的同时在培养上室内的培养液中添加雌激素至100~120pg/mL以及孕激素至2~8ng/mL,培养24~48小时后再在所述培养液中添加干扰素-τ至20~40ng/mL,培养24~48小时后再在所述培养液中添加雌激素至20~40ng/mL、孕激素至8~12ng/mL,以及干扰素-τ至30~50ng/mL,然后继续培养并确定牛胚胎在所述基质层上完成固定的情况。
10.一种如权利要求6所述的反刍动物胚胎体外早期着床培养方法在胚胎着床能力判定中的应用。
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