CN112759490A - Acid soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Acid soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112759490A CN112759490A CN202110230212.9A CN202110230212A CN112759490A CN 112759490 A CN112759490 A CN 112759490A CN 202110230212 A CN202110230212 A CN 202110230212A CN 112759490 A CN112759490 A CN 112759490A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B3/00—Fertilisers based essentially on di-calcium phosphate
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an acid soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The acid soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 0.1-99.9 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 0.1-99.9 parts of organic matters and 0.01-0.05 part of microbial thalli; wherein the calcium magnesium salt comprises calcium salt and magnesium salt, and the calcium salt comprises one or more of calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and calcium chloride; the magnesium salt comprises one or more of magnesium silicate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium chloride, and aims to solve the problems of time and labor consumption, obvious side effect and the like in the traditional method for regulating acidic soil. The invention can safely and efficiently improve the pH value of the acid soil, prevent the acid soil from damaging crops, ensure that target crops grow in the soil environment with proper pH value, and simultaneously improve the nutrient content in the soil, thereby improving the quality of the crops and increasing the economic income of growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to an acid soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the daily agricultural production process, most crops generally grow on soil with weak acidity (pH5.5-6.5), once the soil is acidic (below 5.0), the microbial environment of the soil can be changed, so that the breeding of germs and root-knot nematodes is increased, and the crops are susceptible to diseases and are dysplastic; and the acid soil environment can reduce the utilization rate of soil nutrients or destroy root system tissues of crops to make the crops difficult to absorb the nutrients. The crops lack some necessary elements, so that the problems of yellowing of leaves, damage to roots, malformation of fruits and easy fruit drop can occur, the yield and the quality of the crops are seriously influenced, and the income level of growers is greatly reduced.
The traditional method for improving the pH value of the acid soil generally adopts large water irrigation acid washing or lime powder spreading to improve the acid soil. The method can relieve the damage of acid soil to crops, but is water-consuming and labor-consuming, and can also damage the original structure of the soil, cause nutrient loss and further seriously affect the healthy growth of the crops. The lime powder spreading method has low cost and can improve acid soil, but long-term lime powder spreading is time-consuming, labor-consuming and slow in effect, soil hardening can be caused, the balance of certain nutrient elements in the soil is broken, crop growth is poor and yield is reduced, and growers lose serious loss. And some growers adopt quicklime for broadcasting, the quicklime reacts with water to release a large amount of heat, roots and seedlings are burned, and particles are not collected in serious cases, so that a set of simple and efficient application scheme is provided, and the problems of time consumption, labor consumption and obvious side effects in the traditional method for adjusting the acid soil are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a safe and efficient acid soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects in the traditional technology for improving the pH value of acid soil and solving the problems that the pH value of the soil for planting kiwi fruits is too low or other crops are improved in blueberry bases.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an acid soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 0.1-99.9 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 0.1-99.9 parts of organic matter, and 0.01-0.05 parts of microbial thallus; wherein the calcium magnesium salt comprises calcium salt and magnesium salt, and the calcium salt comprises one or more of calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and calcium chloride; the magnesium salt comprises one or more of magnesium silicate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium chloride.
Further, 5-30 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 70-95 parts of organic matter and 0.02-0.03 part of microbial thallus.
Further, 20 parts of calcium and magnesium salt, 80 parts of organic matters and 0.02 part of microbial cells.
Further, the microbial thallus is compound bacillus, and the compound bacillus comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
A preparation method of an acid soil conditioner is used for preparing the acid soil conditioner and comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of calcium magnesium salt
Preparation of calcium silicate: mixing pure quartz and calcium carbonate according to CaO/SiO2Mixing them according to the mole ratio of 1:1, placing them into platinum crucible, fully melting them at above 1500 deg.C, quickly cooling the platinum crucible in water. Placing the obtained calcium metasilicate glass body intoHeating the platinum crucible to 800-;
preparing magnesium silicate: melting quartz and MgO in a furnace to obtain MgSiO3；
Preparing calcium phosphate: after the phosphate ore, the dolomite and the silica are weighed according to the mixture ratio, the phosphate ore, the dolomite and the silica are crushed and ground into fine powder with more than 80 meshes by a ball mill, the fine powder is sent into a cyclone furnace to be melted and defluorinated by water vapor flow at the high temperature of 1350-; then drying the calcium phosphate, grinding the calcium phosphate by ball milling to prepare the feed grade defluorinated calcium phosphate with the reaction equation of 2CaSF (PO)4)3+H2O+SiO2→3Ca3(PO4)2+CaSiO3+2HF↑；
Preparing magnesium phosphate: adding thermal phosphoric acid into a reactor, slowly adding light magnesium oxide under stirring for neutralization reaction to generate a magnesium phosphate solution; adding an arsenic removing agent and a heavy metal removing agent for solution purification, and cooling, crystallizing, separating and drying the filtrate to obtain edible magnesium phosphate;
preparation of calcium hydrophosphate: calcining limestone to obtain high-quality industrial lime, performing digestion reaction with 4 times of water at 90 ℃ for 70-80min, filtering to remove residues, and diluting to obtain lime milk with relative density of 1.00-1.20; diluting 85% food-grade hot phosphoric acid to a solution with a relative density of 1.10-1.30, adding lime milk into the phosphoric acid solution under high-speed stirring, controlling the reaction temperature at 40-45 ℃, controlling the lime milk to be slowly added when white precipitates are separated out, and stopping adding the lime milk when the pH value of the solution is 7.0-7.5; curing for 20-40min, washing, centrifugally dewatering, drying and crushing to obtain calcium hydrophosphate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: h3PO4+Ca(OH)2→CaHPO4·2H2O；
Preparation of magnesium hydrogen phosphate: performing neutralization reaction on phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, separating out precipitate, and drying to obtain magnesium hydrogen phosphate;
preparation of magnesium sulfate: dropwise adding sulfuric acid into a magnesium hydroxide raw material to obtain magnesium sulfate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: mg (OH)2+H2SO4＝2H2O+MgSO4；
Preparing calcium sulfate: adding reagent grade calcium sulfate into ammonium sulfate water solution for reaction, standing for clarification after precipitation is complete, washing the precipitate for 5-6 times, suction filtering, and washing with water to obtain solution NH4 +The ion content is qualified, and the calcium sulfate is dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain chemically pure calcium sulfate;
preparing magnesium carbonate: dissolving equal amount of crystalline magnesium sulfate and crystalline sodium carbonate in 10 times of water respectively, heating to 60-80 deg.C, mixing thoroughly to generate CO2And white precipitate, filtering to obtain precipitate; mixing the precipitate with 70-80 deg.C hot water, filtering, washing for at least three times, and drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain magnesium carbonate;
preparing calcium carbonate: mixing limestone and white coal according to a certain proportion, calcining at high temperature, digesting with water, carbonizing with carbon dioxide, centrifugally dewatering, drying, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain calcium carbonate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows:
CaO+H2O＝Ca(OH)2；
Ca(OH)2+CO2＝CaCO3↓+H2O；
preparing calcium chloride: the calcium carbonate is obtained by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, and the chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaCO3+2HCl＝CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑；
Preparing magnesium chloride: concentrating brine, which is a byproduct in salt preparation from seawater, into a carnallite solution, cooling, removing potassium chloride, concentrating, filtering, cooling and crystallizing to obtain the product;
putting the obtained calcium salt and magnesium salt into a drying oven, heating to 260 ℃, and evaporating and dehydrating to obtain calcium magnesium salt;
s2: preparation of organic matter
Cassava residues are used as raw materials, and organic matters are prepared by fermentation and decomposition;
s3: preparation of microbial cells
Culturing thallus with liquid culture medium, and preparing 50% glycerol sterilized at high temperature for 25-35 min; uniformly mixing the cultured bacterial liquid with sterilized glycerol, and freeze-drying in a freeze dryer to obtain microbial thalli;
s4: and (5) smashing the calcium and magnesium salt in the step S1, adding a certain amount of organic matters in the step S2 and microbial cells in the step S3, stirring, and mixing to prepare mixtures with different textures.
Further, the crystal form of calcium silicate in the preparation of calcium silicate is beta-CaSiO3；
In the preparation of the calcium phosphate, the material proportion residual alkalinity is less than 1, and the crystal form is alpha-tricalcium phosphate vitreous;
the relative density of lime milk in the preparation of calcium hydrophosphate is 1.03, the relative density of phosphoric acid is 1.21, and the pH value at the end of the reaction is 7.2.
3 or 7 magnesium hydrogen phosphate crystal waters are obtained in the preparation of the magnesium hydrogen phosphate;
the preparation of the magnesium chloride also comprises the reaction of magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, or the heating deamination of magnesium ammonium chloride.
Further, the ratio of the bacterial liquid to the sterilized glycerol is 1: 1.
Further, the mixture of different textures comprises one or more of micro-granules, round granules, tablets, powders, pastes and columns.
The application of the acid soil conditioner is to apply the acid soil conditioner as a base fertilizer to soil for planting kiwi fruits or soil for improving blueberry bases, the application mode comprises one or more of throwing application, broadcasting application, furrow application and hole application, and the pH value of the soil improved by the acid soil conditioner is 5.5-6.5.
Further, the acid soil conditioner is applied in the growth period of the crops in a mode of one or more of broadcasting, furrow application, hole application and flushing application, and the pH value of the soil modified by the acid soil conditioner is 5.5-6.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: from the above description of the invention, it can be seen that compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a simple and efficient acid soil conditioner, and aims to solve the problems of time and labor consumption, obvious side effects and the like caused by the traditional acid soil conditioning method. The invention can safely and efficiently improve the pH value of the acid soil, prevent the acid soil from damaging crops, ensure that target crops grow in the soil environment with proper pH value, and simultaneously improve the nutrient content in the soil, thereby improving the quality of the crops and increasing the economic income of growers.
The acid soil conditioner of the invention contains a certain amount of calcium and organic matters, can replace a part of calcium fertilizer and organic fertilizer which are originally applied to provide nutrients for soil and crops, and the insufficient part can be slightly supplemented.
The acid soil conditioner of the invention can condition acid soil, the pH of a common acid soil plough layer is between 3 and 4, the pH of an absorption layer is between 4 and 4.5, and the acid soil conditioner can gradually adjust the soil to between 5.5 and 6.5 by slowly using a small amount of the acid soil conditioner, and is more suitable for the growth of most crops under the pH range.
By applying the acidic soil conditioner of the invention, soil hardening can be broken, firstly, the applied chemical components, namely carbonate ions react with hydrogen ions in soil, and the equation is as follows:
CO3 2-+2H+＝H2O+CO2℃,. to improve soil hardening; secondly, the conditioner contains a plurality of compound microorganisms which can secrete extracellular polysaccharide, is a binder of a soil granular structure, can strengthen the soil granular structure and loosen the soil; thirdly, the conditioner contains rich organic matters, can better promote the formation of a soil aggregate structure and break soil hardening.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of an acid soil conditioner in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an acidic soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 0.1 to 99.9 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 0.1 to 99.9 parts of organic matter, and 0.01 to 0.05 parts of microbial cells; wherein the calcium magnesium salt comprises calcium salt and magnesium salt, and the calcium salt comprises one or more of calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and calcium chloride; the magnesium salt comprises one or more of magnesium silicate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium chloride, wherein the calcium and magnesium salt can be ground into powder or granules; the organic fertilizer contains more than or equal to 45 percent of organic matters, the ratio of calcium magnesium salt to the organic matters is 0.1-99.9:1, the interaction of the calcium magnesium salt and the organic matters can better promote the formation of granular structures of soil, break the soil hardening, and gradually adjust the soil to 5.5-6.5, so that the organic fertilizer is more suitable for the growth of most crops. The pH value of the current general acid soil plough layer is between 3 and 4, while the pH value of the absorption layer is between 4 and 4.5, so that the current general acid soil plough layer is basically not suitable for the growth of most crops.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it may also have the following additional technical features: the microbial thallus is composite bacillus which comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, the quantity of the composite bacillus is required to be 1.5 hundred million/g after the composite bacillus is added, the granular structure of the soil is enhanced, and the soil is loosened.
A preparation method of an acid soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of calcium magnesium salt
Preparation of calcium silicate: mixing pure quartz and calcium carbonate according to CaO/SiO2Mixing at a molar ratio of 1:1, placing into a platinum crucible, melting at 1500 deg.C or above, and rapidly cooling in water. Placing the prepared calcium metasilicate glass body into a platinum crucible, heating to 800-3；
Preparing magnesium silicate: melting quartz and MgO in a furnace to obtain MgSiO3；
Preparing calcium phosphate: the phosphate rock, dolomite and silica are weighed according to the mixture ratio, crushed, ground into fine powder with more than 80 meshes by a ball mill, sent into a cyclone furnace, melted and defluorinated by water vapor flow at the high temperature of 1350 plus 1500 ℃, and then the melt is quenched by water to fix the product by alpha-tricalcium phosphate vitreous, thereby obtaining the calcium phosphate crystal, the material ratio of which controls the residual alkalinity<1 (i.e. CaO + MgO-3P)2O5/SiO2)+Al2O3<1) Making the material belt slightly acidic; then drying the calcium phosphate, grinding the calcium phosphate by ball milling to prepare the feed grade defluorinated calcium phosphate with the reaction equation of 2CaSF (PO)4)3+H2O+SiO2→3Ca3(PO4)2+CaSiO3+2HF↑；
Preparing magnesium phosphate: adding thermal phosphoric acid into a reactor, slowly adding light magnesium oxide under stirring for neutralization reaction to generate a magnesium phosphate solution; adding an arsenic removing agent and a heavy metal removing agent for solution purification, filtering to remove impurities such as arsenic, metal and the like, and cooling, crystallizing, separating and drying the filtrate to obtain edible magnesium phosphate;
preparation of calcium hydrophosphate: calcining limestone to obtain high-quality industrial lime, and performing digestion reaction with 4 times of water at 90 deg.C for 70-80min, preferably 75 min; filtering to remove residues, and diluting to obtain lime milk with relative density of 1.03; then 85% food grade hot phosphoric acid is diluted to a solution with the relative density of 1.21,adding lime milk into phosphoric acid solution under high-speed stirring, controlling the reaction temperature at 40-45 ℃, controlling the lime milk to be slowly added when white precipitate is separated out, and stopping adding the lime milk when the pH value of the solution is 7.2; curing for 30min, washing, centrifugally dewatering, drying and crushing to obtain calcium hydrophosphate with the reaction equation: h3PO4+Ca(OH)2→CaHPO4·2H2O；
Preparation of magnesium hydrogen phosphate: the phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide are subjected to neutralization reaction, precipitate is separated out, and magnesium hydrogen phosphate is obtained after drying, and a magnesium hydrogen phosphate product with 3 or 7 crystal waters can be obtained according to different crystallization temperatures;
preparation of magnesium sulfate: dropwise adding sulfuric acid into a magnesium hydroxide raw material to obtain magnesium sulfate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: mg (OH)2+H2SO4＝2H2O+MgSO4；
Preparing calcium sulfate: adding reagent grade calcium sulfate into ammonium sulfate water solution (excessive calcium chloride) for reaction, standing for clarification after precipitation is complete, washing the precipitate for 5-6 times, suction filtering, and washing with water until solution NH4 +The ion content is qualified, and the calcium sulfate is dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain chemically pure calcium sulfate; simultaneously, when preparing anhydrous calcium sulfate, heating the dihydrate calcium sulfate at 200 ℃ to constant weight;
preparing magnesium carbonate: dissolving equal amount of crystalline magnesium sulfate and crystalline sodium carbonate in 10 times of water respectively, heating to 60-80 deg.C, mixing thoroughly to generate CO2And white precipitate, filtering to obtain precipitate; mixing the precipitate with 70-80 deg.C hot water, filtering, washing for at least three times, and drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain magnesium carbonate;
preparing calcium carbonate: mixing limestone and white coal according to a certain proportion, calcining at high temperature, digesting with water, carbonizing with carbon dioxide, centrifugally dewatering, drying, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain calcium carbonate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows:
CaO+H2O＝Ca(OH)2；
Ca(OH)2+CO2＝CaCO3↓+H2O；
preparing calcium chloride: the calcium carbonate is obtained by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, and the chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaCO3+2HCl＝CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑；
Preparing magnesium chloride: concentrating brine, which is a byproduct in salt preparation from seawater, into a carnallite solution, cooling, removing potassium chloride, concentrating, filtering, cooling and crystallizing to obtain the product;
putting the obtained calcium salt and magnesium salt into a drying oven, heating to 260 ℃, and evaporating and dehydrating to obtain calcium magnesium salt;
s2: preparation of organic matter
The Thailand cassava residues are used as raw materials and are made into commercial organic fertilizer through a series of fermentation and decomposition;
s3: preparation of microbial cells
Culturing effective thallus with liquid culture medium, and preparing 50% glycerol sterilized at high temperature for 30 min; uniformly mixing the cultured bacterial liquid and sterilized glycerol according to the ratio of 1:1, and freeze-drying in a freeze dryer to obtain microbial thalli;
s4: and (4) smashing the calcium and magnesium salt obtained in the step S1, adding a certain amount of organic matters obtained in the step S2 and microbial cells obtained in the step S3, stirring, mixing to prepare a mixture with different textures, and preparing the mixture into micro-particles, round particles, tablets, powder, paste, columns and the like according to the use requirements.
The application of the acid soil conditioner is characterized in that the acid soil conditioner is applied to soil for planting kiwi fruits or soil for improving blueberry bases as a base fertilizer, the application mode comprises one or more of throwing application, broadcasting application, furrow application and hole application, and the pH value of the soil improved by the acid soil conditioner is 5.5-6.5; or applying the acid soil conditioner in the growth period of crops, wherein the application mode comprises one or more of broadcasting application, furrow application, hole application and flushing application, and the pH value of the soil modified by the acid soil conditioner is 5.5-6.5.
When in use, attention needs to be paid to 1) because the reagent is difficult to dissolve in water, the application method can not select spraying and drip irrigation, and can carry out flushing application, but the reagent needs to be applied while being stirred so as to ensure uniform application; 2) the reagent mainly aims at the acid soil for planting general crops such as kiwifruit and the like or the soil for replanting other crops in a blueberry base, can play a role in adjusting and improving, and is not suitable for the soil for planting acid-loving crops such as blueberry, tea trees and the like and is not suitable for saline-alkali soil crops.
The following is a description of specific tests:
test one: soil improvement for planting kiwi fruits
Test time: 2019
Test site: new Yiyi Ma Ling Shanzhen of Jiangsu province certain planting cooperative society
Test area: 200 mu
Variety: slow fragrant kiwi fruit
Fertilizer to be tested: qingdao Zibai crop nutrition Co., Ltd, the formulation thereof is as follows: 5 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 95 parts of organic matter and 0.02 part of microorganism.
Problem description: in recent years, kiwi fruit plants planted in 2000 mu by a certain grower in New Yiyi of Jiangsu reflect that kiwi fruit plants planted in one area (about 200 mu) are seriously yellow in leaves, slow in growth of seedling stage, more in small malformation of fruits, susceptible to diseases, low in yield and some plants are dying. The soil pH value in the area is detected to be below 5, and the soil pH value in the area of other normally grown plants is about 6.5, which belongs to the typical acidosis phenomenon.
The scheme for improving the soil acidity is as follows: dividing 200 mu planting areas into two groups, wherein 100 mu is used as a test area, a certain amount of the reagent is scattered when land preparation and soil improvement are carried out, the reagent is applied according to one ton per mu, and the other 100 mu is used as a control area, and the operation mode is the same as that of the test area except that the reagent is not added; observations started around the last month of the experiment and were recorded.
The agronomic traits and soil conditions were recorded for a period of time after application, the basic conditions were as follows:
and (2) test II: improvement of nectarine planting soil
Test time: 2019
Test site: certain grower of Shenyang Liaoning
Test area: 180 mu
Variety: middle oil No. 4
Fertilizer to be tested: qingdao Zibai crop nutrition Co., Ltd, the formulation thereof is as follows: 20 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 80 parts of organic matter and 0.02 part of microorganism.
Problem description: 300 mu of greenhouse nectarines are planted by a certain grower in Liaoning, the planted nectarines are poor in growth vigor, small in fruits, poor in taste and low in yield, but the purchased fertilizers are high-end fertilizers according to the description of the grower, and the pH of the soil is basically about 4.8 when soil samples are collected in a visiting base.
The improvement scheme is as follows:
the reagent is applied in soil preparation, and the proportion of the reagent is as follows: 160 kg/mu is applied, the bubbling phenomenon is found after the fertilizer is spread, and the acid-base reaction is carried out when the soil temperature is measured to be very high.
The agent is scattered and applied after the fruit bearing in the current year, and 160 kg/mu is applied.
The agronomic traits and soil conditions were recorded for a period of time after application, the basic conditions were as follows:
and (3) test III: improvement of tomato acne
Test time: 2020 to
Test site: shandong province Qingdao city Jiaodong town Jia
Test area: 60 mu
Variety: middle oil No. 4
Fertilizer to be tested: qingdao Zibai crop nutrition Co., Ltd, the formulation thereof is as follows: 30 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 70 parts of organic matter and 0.02 part of microorganism.
Problem description: 150 mu of tomatoes are planted in a greenhouse of a certain grower in Jiaozhou Jiaodong town, wherein the bitter pit disease of the tomatoes planted in 60 mu of land is very serious, one tender diseased fruit can be picked off when the tomatoes enter the greenhouse for two meters, and calcium nitrate and calcium ammonium nitrate are applied to supplement calcium during the period, but the effect is not ideal.
The soil improvement protocol was as follows: the agent is applied to the soil at 180 kg/mu.
The agronomic traits and soil conditions were recorded for a period of time after application, the basic conditions were as follows:
the above additional technical features can be freely combined and used in superposition by those skilled in the art without conflict.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An acid soil conditioner, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight, including 0.1-99.9 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 0.1-99.9 parts of organic matter and 0.01-0.05 parts of microbial thallus; wherein the calcium magnesium salt comprises calcium salt and magnesium salt, and the calcium salt comprises one or more of calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and calcium chloride; the magnesium salt comprises one or more of magnesium silicate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium chloride.
2. An acidic soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that: 5-30 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 70-95 parts of organic matter and 0.02-0.03 part of microbial thallus.
3. An acidic soil amendment according to claim 2, characterized in that: 20 parts of calcium magnesium salt, 80 parts of organic matter and 0.02 part of microbial thallus.
4. An acidic soil amendment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the microbial thallus is composite bacillus, and the composite bacillus comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
5. A method for preparing an acid soil conditioner, characterized in that the acid soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is prepared by the following specific steps:
s1: preparation of calcium magnesium salt
Preparation of calcium silicate: mixing pure quartz and calcium carbonate according to CaO/SiO2Mixing them according to the mole ratio of 1:1, placing them into platinum crucible, fully melting them at above 1500 deg.C, quickly cooling the platinum crucible in water. Placing the prepared calcium metasilicate glass body into a platinum crucible, heating to 800-;
preparing magnesium silicate: melting quartz and MgO in a furnace to obtain MgSiO3；
Preparing calcium phosphate: after the phosphate ore, the dolomite and the silica are weighed according to the mixture ratio, the phosphate ore, the dolomite and the silica are crushed and ground into fine powder with more than 80 meshes by a ball mill, the fine powder is sent into a cyclone furnace to be melted and defluorinated by water vapor flow at the high temperature of 1350-; then drying the calcium phosphate, grinding the calcium phosphate by ball milling to prepare the feed grade defluorinated calcium phosphate with the reaction equation of 2CaSF (PO)4)3+H2O+SiO2→3Ca3(PO4)2+CaSiO3+2HF↑；
Preparing magnesium phosphate: adding thermal phosphoric acid into a reactor, slowly adding light magnesium oxide under stirring for neutralization reaction to generate a magnesium phosphate solution; adding an arsenic removing agent and a heavy metal removing agent for solution purification, and cooling, crystallizing, separating and drying the filtrate to obtain edible magnesium phosphate;
preparation of calcium hydrophosphate: calcining limestone to obtain high-quality industrial lime, performing digestion reaction with 4 times of water at 90 ℃ for 70-80min, filtering to remove residues, and diluting to obtain lime milk with relative density of 1.00-1.20; diluting 85% food-grade hot phosphoric acid to a solution with a relative density of 1.10-1.30, adding lime milk into the phosphoric acid solution under high-speed stirring, controlling the reaction temperature at 40-45 ℃, controlling the lime milk to be slowly added when white precipitates are separated out, and stopping adding the lime milk when the pH value of the solution is 7.0-7.5; curing for 20-40min, washing, centrifugally dewatering, drying and crushing to obtain calcium hydrophosphate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: h3PO4+Ca(OH)2→CaHPO4·2H2O；
Preparation of magnesium hydrogen phosphate: performing neutralization reaction on phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide, separating out precipitate, and drying to obtain magnesium hydrogen phosphate;
preparation of magnesium sulfate: dropwise adding sulfuric acid into a magnesium hydroxide raw material to obtain magnesium sulfate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows: mg (OH)2+H2SO4＝2H2O+MgSO4；
Preparing calcium sulfate: adding reagent grade calcium sulfate into ammonium sulfate water solution for reaction, standing for clarification after precipitation is complete, washing the precipitate for 5-6 times, suction filtering, and washing with water to obtain solution NH4 +The ion content is qualified, and the calcium sulfate is dried at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ to obtain chemically pure calcium sulfate;
preparing magnesium carbonate: dissolving equal amount of crystalline magnesium sulfate and crystalline sodium carbonate in 10 times of water respectively, heating to 60-80 deg.C, mixing thoroughly to generate CO2And white precipitate, filtering to obtain precipitate; mixing the precipitate with 70-80 deg.C hot water, filtering, washing for at least three times, and drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain magnesium carbonate;
preparing calcium carbonate: mixing limestone and white coal according to a certain proportion, calcining at high temperature, digesting with water, carbonizing with carbon dioxide, centrifugally dewatering, drying, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain calcium carbonate, wherein the reaction equation is as follows:
CaO+H2O＝Ca(OH)2；
Ca(OH)2+CO2＝CaCO3↓+H2O；
preparing calcium chloride: the calcium carbonate is obtained by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, and the chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaCO3+2HCl＝CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑；
Preparing magnesium chloride: concentrating brine, which is a byproduct in salt preparation from seawater, into a carnallite solution, cooling, removing potassium chloride, concentrating, filtering, cooling and crystallizing to obtain the product;
putting the obtained calcium salt and magnesium salt into a drying oven, heating to 260 ℃, and evaporating and dehydrating to obtain calcium magnesium salt;
s2: preparation of organic matter
Cassava residues are used as raw materials, and organic matters are prepared by fermentation and decomposition;
s3: preparation of microbial cells
Culturing thallus with liquid culture medium, and preparing 50% glycerol sterilized at high temperature for 25-35 min; uniformly mixing the cultured bacterial liquid with sterilized glycerol, and freeze-drying in a freeze dryer to obtain microbial thalli;
s4: and (5) smashing the calcium and magnesium salt in the step S1, adding a certain amount of organic matters in the step S2 and microbial cells in the step S3, stirring, and mixing to prepare mixtures with different textures.
6. A method for producing an acidic soil conditioner according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the crystal form of the calcium silicate in the preparation of the calcium silicate is beta-CaSiO3；
In the preparation of the calcium phosphate, the material proportion residual alkalinity is less than 1, and the crystal form is alpha-tricalcium phosphate vitreous;
the relative density of lime milk in the preparation of calcium hydrophosphate is 1.03, the relative density of phosphoric acid is 1.21, and the pH value at the end of the reaction is 7.2.
3 or 7 magnesium hydrogen phosphate crystal waters are obtained in the preparation of the magnesium hydrogen phosphate;
the preparation of the magnesium chloride also comprises the reaction of magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, or the heating deamination of magnesium ammonium chloride.
7. A method for producing an acidic soil conditioner according to claim 5, characterized in that: the ratio of the bacterial liquid to the sterilized glycerol is 1: 1.
8. A method for producing an acidic soil conditioner according to claim 5, characterized in that: the mixture with different textures comprises one or more of micro-particles, round particles, tablets, powder, paste and columns.
9. The application of the acid soil conditioner is characterized in that: the acid soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied to soil for planting kiwi fruits or soil for improving blueberry bases as base fertilizer in one or more of throwing application, broadcasting application, furrow application and hole application, and the pH value of the soil improved by the acid soil conditioner is 5.5 to 6.5.
10. Use of an acid soil amendment according to claim 9, characterized in that: the acid soil conditioner is applied in the growth period of crops in a mode of one or more of broadcasting, furrow application, hole application and flushing application, and the pH value of the soil modified by the acid soil conditioner is 5.5-6.5.
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| CN113502166A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-15 | 济南大学 | Acid-reducing microbial soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115136765A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-10-04 | 山东农业大学 | Method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil |
| GB2607900A (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-21 | matthews Patrick | Lymphatic-drainage dressing |
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