CN112751255A - Raman laser enhancing device and method based on high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber - Google Patents
Raman laser enhancing device and method based on high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094042—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser
- H01S3/094046—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a fibre laser of a Raman fibre laser
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/0811—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection
- H01S3/0812—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors incorporating a dispersive element, e.g. a prism for wavelength selection using a diffraction grating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10023—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors
- H01S3/1003—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by functional association of additional optical elements, e.g. filters, gratings, reflectors tunable optical elements, e.g. acousto-optic filters, tunable gratings
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
- H01S3/1086—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering using scattering effects, e.g. Raman or Brillouin effect
Abstract
The invention provides a Raman laser enhancing device and method based on a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, and the Raman laser enhancing device and method structurally comprises an ytterbium-doped fiber laser, a Faraday isolator, a fiber combiner, a polarization controller, a single-mode fiber SM1, a single-mode fiber SM2, a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HNL-PCF), Bragg gratings FBG1, FBG2, FBG3, FBG4, a photonic crystal fiber, a T-shaped connector 1, a T-shaped connector 2, a spectrum analyzer and a computer processing system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric technology, and relates to a Raman laser enhancing device and method based on a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, which are used for enhancing a Raman effect when a Raman spectrometer is used for online detection, so that qualitative and quantitative analysis of low-concentration gas is realized.
Background
The Raman spectrum is a scattering spectrum, and the scattering spectrum with different incident light frequency is analyzed to obtain molecular vibration and rotation information, and the method is applied to molecular structure research, and can realize qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances. At the same time, it is a non-contact detectionThe method can be used for carrying out nondestructive detection on the substance. The detection principle is direct, the response speed is high, the flow is simple, the application range is wide, the Raman spectrum detection method is widely applied to various application scenes, and the method is also an important technical basis for the development of the on-line detection technology. However, raman scattering is a weak effect, and its intensity is generally only 10 of the incident light, compared to absorption spectroscopy-10On the other hand, the fluorescent background signal may be buried in the application, and there is a certain error in detecting a low concentration substance.
Raman spectroscopy must enhance the raman effect in order to become a widely used detection technique. With advances in technology, more and more raman enhancement techniques have emerged such as: surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, micro-Raman technology, Fourier Raman technology, and fiber Raman technology. However, they all have their own advantages and limitations and cannot be a general method in industrial fields.
In conclusion, solving the problem of weak effect of Raman makes it a very important means for universal analysis and detection. The invention relates to an improvement based on a Raman detection light source, and designs a Raman spectrum enhancement device and an enhancement method based on a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber Raman laser based on a Raman spectrum enhancement method based on a photonic crystal resonant cavity. The super-power continuous wave can be formed, and the incident light is greatly enhanced, so that the enhanced Raman effect is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Raman laser enhancing device and method based on a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, aiming at enhancing Raman signals and realizing qualitative and quantitative detection of low-concentration gas.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a Raman laser enhancing device based on a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, which is structurally formed by sequentially connecting an ytterbium-doped fiber laser, a Faraday isolator, a fiber combiner, a polarization controller, a Bragg grating FBG1, a high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, a Bragg grating FBG2, a T-shaped connector 1, a Bragg grating FBG3, a photonic crystal fiber, a Bragg grating 4, a T-shaped connector 2, a spectrum analyzer and a computer processing system in series.
The invention also provides an enhancement method based on the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber Raman laser enhancement device, which comprises the following steps:
1) in order to prevent reflected light from affecting the light source, the light source of the ytterbium-doped fiber laser enters the optical fiber through the Faraday isolator and the optical fiber combiner. The polarization controller is adjusted to enable the polarization direction of incident light to be matched with a birefringent axis of the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, and laser energy is continuously accumulated in the written high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber of the Bragg grating, so that output power is continuously enhanced.
2) Injecting a sample to be detected into the gas chambers, and closing the valves when the gas sample is filled in the whole fiber core, so that the two gas chambers and the photonic crystal fiber form a closed space; then placing the obtained Raman light source at a specified position, and turning on the Raman light source to detect the gas;
3) the light source frequency is screened through the filter plate to obtain the needed Raman light, the Raman signal is collected, the enhanced Raman spectrogram is obtained through a Raman spectrum analyzer, and the final spectrogram is obtained through processing through a computer system.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the Raman fiber laser based on high nonlinearity has good time consistency, flat spectrum and excellent coherence property, can generate a supercontinuum stable laser source, and can increase the energy of a laser beam so as to increase the optical power.
2) The device has obvious enhancement effect, and the Raman gain coefficient of incident light is as high as 10W-1km-1Thereby allowing for enhanced detection sensitivity. The method provides possibility for realizing on-line gas detection of low concentration.
3) The photonic crystal fiber, the FBG3 and the FBG4 form a photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, so that the Raman light is enhanced, the influence of stray light on a Raman spectrum is reduced, and the detection sensitivity is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a raman laser enhancement device based on a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the raman laser enhancement device based on the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is formed by sequentially connecting an ytterbium-doped fiber laser, a faraday isolator, a fiber combiner, a polarization controller, a bragg grating FBG1, a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, a bragg grating FBG2, a T-shaped connector 1, a bragg grating FBG3, a photonic crystal fiber, a bragg grating FBG4, a T-shaped connector 2, a spectrum analyzer and a computer processing system in series.
The high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is characterized in that a large amount of nonlinear substances are doped in the photonic crystal fiber, so that the photonic crystal fiber becomes a high nonlinear gain medium, and the Raman gain coefficient is improved.
The two ends of the photonic crystal fiber with high nonlinearity are Bragg gratings FBG1 and FBG2 written in the photonic crystal with high nonlinearity. In order to write the bragg grating into the highly nonlinear crystal fiber efficiently and to limit the diffusion of hydrogen, the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber was spliced at both ends to a conventional fiber SM1 having a compatible mode using a single mode fiber SM2 to connect it. To reduce splice loss, the single mode fibers SM1 and SM2 are spliced together using an optical fiber splicer. Subsequently, the photosensitivity is enhanced by hydrogenation in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, and once hydrogen diffuses from the cladding to the core, FBG writing can be performed with a continuous ultraviolet laser light source at low temperature. The laser light is continuously reflected back and forth in the grating FBGs 1 and 2 to generate standing waves, so that a laser resonant cavity is formed, and the optical power is increased.
The two ends of the photonic crystal fiber are both welded with T-shaped connectors, one end of each photonic crystal fiber is a sample air inlet, the other end of each photonic crystal fiber is a sample air outlet, and the interior of the photonic crystal fiber can be adjusted through the photonic crystal fiber to achieve the internal pressure.
When the ytterbium-doped fiber laser works, the ytterbium-doped fiber laser is used as a pumping source, and the fiber laser has good beam quality, large adjustable range and flexible and compact structure. In order to obtain pure unidirectional light and avoid reflected stray light from passing a light source emitted by the ytterbium-doped fiber laser through a Faraday isolator.
The polarization controller is used for rotating the direction of incident light, so that the polarization direction of an incident field is matched with a birefringent axis of the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, light at the output end is linearly polarized, and the stability is improved.
When light passes through a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is a promising gain medium, the light is limited in a core, and the nonlinearity of the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber can be enhanced by a doping substance to improve the Raman gain. The Raman gain coefficient of the high nonlinear photonic crystal can reach about 10 times of the gain coefficient of the traditional optical fiber. Bragg gratings enable wavelength selection and can form a wide bandwidth. The laser is reflected back and forth at the two ends of the grating to form standing waves, and finally high-power laser output is obtained.
Injecting a sample to be measured into the air chambers at high pressure, and closing the valve when the whole fiber core is filled with the gas sample, so that the two air chambers and the photonic crystal fiber form a closed space; and then placing the obtained Raman light source at a designated position, turning on the Raman light source to detect gas, enabling the light to interact with the molecules of a sample to be detected to generate Raman scattering, wherein the generated light is strongly bound in the center of the optical fiber due to the photonic band gap effect, so that leakage loss is avoided, meanwhile, stray light passes through a cladding layer to disappear in the transmission process due to the fact that the stray light does not accord with the band gap effect, and meanwhile, the effect of the light and the molecules of the sample is concentrated on a micron-sized area due to the fact that the hollow area diameter of the photonic crystal optical fiber is small, so that a scattering cross section is increased, and the Raman light is. And finally, analyzing the detected gas sample by a spectrum analyzer.
Referring to fig. 1, an ytterbium-doped fiber laser with 1064nm, a linewidth of 1.3nm, and a maximum continuous output power of 20W was selected as a pump source. The polarization controller enters the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber through a Faraday isolator.
In order to enhance the nonlinearity of the photonic crystal, germanium element is doped in the photonic crystal. And (5) manufacturing the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. Writing gratings into highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers involves a complex set of problems. The high nonlinear crystal fiber was written based on a grating directly using a birefringence of 34m length produced by Draka corporation. The germanium content in the core was about 25 Wt% and the core diameter was about 2.5 μm. In order to reduce splice loss, the single-mode fiber SM1 adopts HI1060, the single-mode fiber SM2 adopts UHNA23, and the photonic crystal fiber is a glass hollow photonic crystal fiber.
Raman optical formula R ═ I0J (λ) K (λ)/λ, R is Raman optical power, I0For incident optical power, J (λ) is the scattering cross-sectional area, K (λ) is the instrument factor, and λ is the wavelength.
From the raman optical formula, when K (λ) and λ are constant, the raman effect can be effectively enhanced by increasing the incident light power and increasing the scattering sectional area.
The high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber and the Bragg grating enable incident light to be reflected back and forth in the cavity ceaselessly to form standing waves, high-power laser is generated and used for improving the incident light power, and therefore Raman light intensity is enhanced.
When incident light enters the photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity shown in fig. 1, the light interacts with the molecules of the sample to be detected to generate raman scattering. At the moment, due to the photonic band gap effect, the generated light is strongly bound in the center of the optical fiber, leakage loss is avoided, meanwhile, stray light passes through a cladding layer and disappears in the transmission process due to the fact that the stray light does not accord with the band gap effect, and meanwhile, the effect of the light and sample molecules is concentrated on the micron-sized area due to the fact that the diameter of the hollow area of the photonic crystal optical fiber is small, so that the scattering section J (lambda) is increased, and the Raman light is enhanced.
The Raman spectrum enhancement device and the enhancement method based on the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber Raman laser prevent backward light emitted by the ytterbium-doped laser from influencing the stability of a light source and the stability of a light path through the Faraday isolator, and the polarization direction of incident light is aligned with one end of a birefringent axis of the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber through the rotation direction of incident light by the polarization controller, so that the light at the output end is linearly polarized, and the stability is improved. When light passes through the high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber written with the Bragg grating, incident light is reflected back and forth at two ends of the Bragg grating to form standing waves, and finally high-power laser output is obtained. Injecting a sample to be measured into the air chambers at high pressure, and closing the valve when the whole fiber core is filled with the gas sample, so that the two air chambers and the photonic crystal fiber form a closed space; and then placing the obtained laser light source at a specified position, turning on the laser light source to detect the gas, enabling the light to interact with the molecules of the sample to be detected to generate Raman scattering, and sending the Raman scattering to a spectrum analyzer for analysis.
The high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is prepared by doping germanium element in the photonic crystal fiber to enhance the nonlinearity of the photonic crystal fiber.
The T-shaped connector couples the photonic crystal fiber and the transmission single-mode fiber, and adjusts the end surface parts of the photonic crystal fiber and the transmission single-mode fiber to be on the same straight line as much as possible, so as to reduce the coupling loss of optical transmission; meanwhile, the device is a three-port channel which is used as a gas inlet and a gas outlet of gas to be detected.
This example successfully experimented with qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxygen with nitrogen as the background gas. The invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, easy system construction, wide application range and easy expansion. The high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber and the Bragg grating are utilized to enhance the light with specific wavelength, the contact area of the light and a sample is increased by the characteristics of the photonic crystal fiber, the loss generated in the transmission process is reduced, and the scattering sectional area is increased, so that the purpose of enhancing the Raman effect is achieved.
It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber-based Raman laser enhancement device is characterized by being formed by sequentially connecting an ytterbium-doped fiber laser, a Faraday isolator, an optical fiber combiner, a polarization controller, a Bragg grating FBG1, a high-nonlinearity photonic crystal fiber, a Bragg grating FBG2, a T-shaped connector 1, a Bragg grating FBG3, a photonic crystal fiber, a Bragg grating FBG4, a T-shaped connector 2, a spectrum analyzer and a computer processing system in series.
2. The highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber based raman laser enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein the ytterbium doped fiber laser, faraday isolation, fiber combiner, polarization controller, bragg grating FBG1, highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, bragg grating FBG2 constitute a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber raman laser.
3. The highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber-based raman laser enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is doped with a large amount of nonlinear material, so that the photonic crystal fiber becomes a highly nonlinear gain medium, thereby increasing the raman gain coefficient.
4. The highly nonlinear photonic crystal based fiber raman laser enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein the bragg gratings first fiber grating (FBG1) and second fiber grating (FBG2) are directly written into both ends of the highly nonlinear photonic crystal, and have low coupling loss and good stability.
5. The highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber-based raman laser enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal is fused at both ends thereof with a third fiber grating (FBG3) and a fourth fiber grating (FBG4) to form a photonic crystal fiber resonator, and the laser of the raman laser formed by the highly nonlinear photonic crystal enters the photonic crystal resonator through the T-shaped connector.
6. The highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber based raman laser enhancement device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the T-shaped connector is an air inlet and the other end is an air outlet.
7. The enhancement method based on the highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber Raman laser enhancement device according to claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) in order to prevent reflected light from influencing a light source, the light source of the ytterbium-doped fiber laser enters an optical fiber through a Faraday isolator and an optical fiber combiner; adjusting a polarization controller to enable an incident light polarization direction optical fiber to be matched with a birefringence axis of the high nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber, and continuously accumulating laser energy in the written high nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber of the Bragg grating to enable output power to be continuously enhanced;
2) injecting a sample to be detected into the gas chambers, and closing the valves when the gas sample is filled in the whole fiber core, so that the two gas chambers and the photonic crystal fiber form a closed space; then placing the obtained Raman light source at a specified position, and turning on the Raman light source to detect the gas;
3) the light source frequency is screened through the Bragg gratings FBG4 and FBG3 to obtain the needed Raman light, the Raman signal is collected, the enhanced Raman spectrogram is obtained through a Raman spectrum analyzer, and the final spectrogram is obtained through processing through a computer system.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113588623A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Hollow optical fiber enhanced Raman spectrum detection system based on end surface coating |
| WO2023063415A1 (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-20 | Atonarp Inc. | System including a laser module |
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| WO2023063415A1 (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-20 | Atonarp Inc. | System including a laser module |
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