CN112744070A - 一种采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统 - Google Patents

一种采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统 Download PDF

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CN112744070A
CN112744070A CN202110268001.4A CN202110268001A CN112744070A CN 112744070 A CN112744070 A CN 112744070A CN 202110268001 A CN202110268001 A CN 202110268001A CN 112744070 A CN112744070 A CN 112744070A
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clutch
gear
power
driving
cotton picker
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钟春发
倪向东
韩双蔓
赵新
李申
魏晓朝
陈华军
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Shihezi University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统，包括发动机，分动箱，离合器，制动器，双排行星轮系、发电机，电动机，逆变器，动力电池。通过对发动机，离合器、制动器、电动机进行控制，在采棉机作业过程中，可以实现无级调速功能。通过双排行星齿轮，实现机电耦合，提升采棉机作业效率。通过控制发电机工作，实现采棉机空挡模式下能量回收。

Description

一种采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统
技术领域
本发明属于机电混合动力技术领域，尤其是涉及一种采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统。
背景技术
采棉机作业工况复杂，需要频繁改变车速和输出扭矩以匹配实际负载的连续变化。因此需要一种车速可无级变化、扭矩可变、传动效率高的采棉机用行驶调速系统。现有技术中，采用静液压容积调速回路调整车速，传动效率低，不能完全满足生产需求。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术问题，本发明提出一种采棉机行驶机电混合无级调速系统，应用于采棉机行走速度的控制。驾驶员根据作业工况的需求调整采棉机行驶速度和输出扭矩。由电动机和发动机提供动力，通过双排行星齿轮变速箱实现机电耦合，实现采棉机高效无级调速。
本发明提供的采棉机行驶机电混合无级调速系统：主要包括：1-发动机；2-分动箱；3-第一动力输入轴；31-发电离合器；311-发电主动齿轮；32-第二离合器；321-第二主动齿轮；33-第三离合器；331-第三主动齿轮；4-动力输出轴；41-制动器；411-第三从动齿轮；412-右行星排齿圈；413-右行星排行星轮；414-左行星排齿圈；5-第二动力输入轴；511-电动主动齿轮；512-第二从动齿轮；513-左行星排行星轮；514-左行星排太阳轮；515-右行星排太阳轮；6-电动机；7-逆变器；8-动力电池；9-逆变器；10-发电机
其中，所述的发动机1通过输出轴连接分动箱2；分动箱2将发动机1的动力进行分配后通过第一输出轴3输出动力，第一动力输出轴上安装有发电离合器31、第二离合器32和第三离合器33。发电主动齿轮311与发电离合器31组成齿轮离合器；第二主动齿轮321与第二离合器32组成齿轮离合器；第三主动齿轮331与第三离合器33组成齿轮离合器；发电机主动齿轮311与发电机10自带齿轮啮合，电动机主动齿轮511与电动机6自带齿轮啮合。第二主动齿轮321与第二从动齿轮512啮合，第三主动齿轮331与第三从动齿轮411啮合。左行星排行星轮513、左行星排太阳轮514和左行星排齿圈414组成左行星排；右行星排行星轮413、右行星排太阳轮515和右行星排齿圈412组成右行星排；左行星排齿圈与右行星排行星轮连接，构成双排行星齿轮；
其中通过控制发动机1、发电离合器31、第二离合器32、第三离合器33、制动器41、发电机10和电动机6。可以实现发动机1驱动模式，电动机6纯电驱动模式，发动机1和电动机6混合驱动模式，行车发电模式，发电工作模式。
其中发动机1驱动模式有两个工作挡位，分别为纯机械一挡PM1和纯机械二挡PM2；电动机6纯电驱动模式有两个挡位，分别为纯电前进挡PE和纯电倒挡RE，通过控制电动机6的不同旋转方向，进而改变前进挡和后退挡；发动机1和电动机6混合驱动模式有两个工作区段，分别为机电混合无级输出一区段和机电混合无级输出二区段，机电混合无级输出一区段和机电混合无级输出二区段通过双排行星齿轮实现机电耦合。
本发明提供上述方案，通过对发动机，离合器、制动器、电动机进行控制，在采棉机作业过程中，可以实现无级调速功能。通过双排行星齿轮，实现机电耦合，提升采棉机作业效率。通过控制发电机工作，实现采棉机空挡模式下能量回收，降低能耗。上述实施例及图仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，对本发明技术方案进行修改或等同替换而不脱离本发明方案的宗旨和范围的，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
附图说明
图1 为一种采棉机行驶机电混合无级调速系统工作原理图。
附图中：1-发动机；2-分动箱；3-第一动力输入轴；31-发电离合器；311-发电主动齿轮；32-第二离合器；321-第二主动齿轮；33-第三离合器；331-第三主动齿轮；4-动力输出轴；41-制动器；411-第三从动齿轮；412-右行星排齿圈；413-右行星排行星轮；414-左行星排齿圈；5-第二动力输入轴；511-电动主动齿轮；512-第二从动齿轮；513-左行星排行星轮；514-左行星排太阳轮；515-右行星排太阳轮；6-电动机；7-逆变器；8-动力电池；9-逆变器；10-发电机。下面结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。
具体实施方式
其中采棉机采用纯电前进挡PE启动，采棉机随着电动机6输出转速的提高而增速。
其中电动机6达到纯电模式最大转速后，第二离合器32闭合，第三离合器33断开，制动器41闭合，右行星排齿圈412转速为零，采棉机进入纯机械一挡PM1。电动机6开始工作，采棉机进入机电混合无级输出一区段，此时提高电动机6的输出转速，实现采棉机无级增速行驶。
其中当采棉机在机电混合无级输出一区段，电动机6达到无级输出一区段最大输出转速，第二离合器32断开，第三离合器33闭合，制动器41断开，采棉机进入纯机械二挡PM2。电动机6工作，采棉机进入机电混合无级输出二区段，此时提高电动机6的输出转速，实现采棉机无级增速行驶。
其中，采棉机进行减速行驶时，只要对纯电动挡PE1、机电混合无级输出一区段和机电混合无级输出二区段进行逆操作，即可以实现采棉机减速行驶。
可以理解的是本实施例的混合动力系统具有多种工作模式，具体如下。
(1)发动机1驱动模式：在该工作模式下，发动机1单独驱动采棉机工作，电动机6不工作，可以实现两个纯机械挡位（PM1和PM2）。通过控制输入轴上的发电离合器31断开，第二离合器32闭合，第三离合器33断开，制动器41闭合，实现纯机械一挡PM1。控制输入轴上发电离合器31断开，第二离合器32断开，第三离合器33闭合，制动器41断开，实现纯机械二挡PM2；
发动机1驱动的动力流：PM1挡：发动机1→分动箱2→第一动力输入轴3→第二离合器32→第二主动齿轮321→从第二动齿轮512→左行星排行星轮513→左行星排齿圈414→动力输出轴4;
PM2挡：发动机1→分动箱2→第一动力输入轴3→第三离合器33→第三主动齿轮331→第三从动齿轮411→右行星排齿圈412→右行星排行星轮413→动力输出轴4。
(2)电动机6纯电驱动模式：在该工作模式下，电动机6单独驱动采棉机工作，发动机1不工作，制动器41闭合，可以实现纯电前进挡PE和纯电倒挡RE，改变电动机转向，即可实现采棉机的前进和后退，前进挡和倒挡动力流向相同；
电动机6纯电驱动模式下的动力流：PE挡和RE挡：电动机6→第二输入齿轮511→第二输入轴5→右行星排太阳轮515→右行星排行星轮413→动力输出轴4。
(3)发动机1和电动机6混合驱动模式：在该工作模式下，发动机1和电动机6同时工作，同时给采棉机提供行走动力，可以实现两个机电混合无级输出区段（EM1和EM2）。通过控制输入轴上发电离合器31断开，第二离合器32闭合，第三离合器33断开，制动器41闭合，电动机6工作。在左行星排实现机电耦合，实现机电混合无级输出一区段。通过控制输入轴上发电离合器31断开，第二离合器32断开，第三离合器33闭合，制动器41断开，电动机6工作，在右行星排实现机电耦合，实现机电混合无级输出二区段；
发动机1和电动机6混合驱动模式下的动力流：
1）机电混合无级输出一区段：发动机1→分动箱2→第一动力输入轴3→第二离合器32→第二主动齿轮321→第二从动齿轮512→左行星排行星轮513→左行星排齿圈414（动力耦合）→动力输出轴4；
电动机6→电机轴→第二输入齿轮511→第二输入轴5→左行星排太阳轮514→左行星排行星轮513→左行星排齿圈414（动力耦合）→动力输出轴4；
2）机电混合无级输出二区段：发动机1→分动箱2→第一动力输入轴3→第三离合器33→第三主动齿轮331→第三从动齿轮411→右行星排齿圈412→右行星排行星轮413（动力耦合）→动力输出轴4；
电动机6→电机轴→第二输入齿轮511→第二输入轴5→右行星排太阳轮515→右行星排行星轮413（动力耦合）→动力输出轴4。
(4)行车发电工作模式：在该工作模式下，发动机1工作，第一离合器31闭合，发电机10工作，通过逆变器9对动力电池8进行充电。采棉机可以在纯电驱动模式或者混合驱动模式下带动发电机10工作，通过逆变器9给动力电池充电。在此模式下发动机1既要给动力电池充电，也要给采棉机行驶提供动力；
发电动力流：发动机1→分动箱2→第一动力输入轴3→发电离合器31→发电主动齿轮311→发电机10→逆变器9→动力电池8；
行车的动力流：行车动力流为为发动机1驱动模式或混合驱动模式的动力流相同。
(5)发电工作模式：在该工作模式下，发动机1工作，动力输入轴上的发电离合器31闭合，第二离合器32断开，第二离合器33断开，在此模式下，电动机6不工作，采棉机在空挡状态下给动力电池充电；
发电动力流：发动机1→分动箱2→第一动力输入轴3→发电离合器31→发电主动齿轮311→发电机10→逆变器9→动力电池8。
本发明提供上述方案，通过对发动机，离合器、制动器、电动机进行控制，在采棉机作业过程中，可以实现无级调速功能。通过双排行星齿轮，实现机电耦合，提升采棉机作业效率。通过控制发电机工作，实现采棉机空挡模式下能量回收，降低能耗。上述实施例及图仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，对本发明技术方案进行修改或等同替换而不脱离本发明方案的宗旨和范围的，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (3)

1.一种采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统：主要包括：1-发动机；2-分动箱；3-第一动力输入轴；31-发电离合器；311-发电主动齿轮；32-第二离合器；321-第二主动齿轮；33-第三离合器；331-第三主动齿轮；4-动力输出轴；41-制动器；411-第三从动齿轮；412-右行星排齿圈；413-右行星排行星轮；414-左行星排齿圈；5-第二动力输入轴；511-电动主动齿轮；512-第二从动齿轮；513-左行星排行星轮；514-左行星排太阳轮；515-右行星排太阳轮；6-电动机；7-逆变器；8-动力电池；9-逆变器；10-发电机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采棉机行驶机电混合无级调速系统，其特征在于：发动机通过机械连接，给分动箱提供动力，动力经过分动箱分配后，通过动力输入轴给行走系统提供动力；动力输入轴上安装三个离合器，当发电离合器31闭合，发电机10开始工作，给动力电池充电；通过联合控制第二离合器32、第三离合器33、制动器41和电动机6可以实现多种工作模式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的采棉机用行驶机电混合无级调速系统，其特征在于：通过控制发电离合器31、第二离合器32、第三离合器33、制动器41、发电机10和电动机6；可以实现发动机1驱动模式，电动机6纯电驱动模式，发动机和电动机混合驱动模式，行车发电模式，发电工作模式。
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