CN112743230A - Method and system for laser welding of magnesium alloy - Google Patents

Method and system for laser welding of magnesium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112743230A
CN112743230A CN202011601129.XA CN202011601129A CN112743230A CN 112743230 A CN112743230 A CN 112743230A CN 202011601129 A CN202011601129 A CN 202011601129A CN 112743230 A CN112743230 A CN 112743230A
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China
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laser welding
laser
welding head
workpiece
magnesium alloy
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CN112743230B (en
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李康为
张明军
李河清
张焱
毛聪
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser welding method for magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps: step 1, providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece which need to be welded. And 2, butting and clamping the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and placing the workpieces between the left magnet and the right magnet. And 3, providing a three-laser welding system, wherein three laser welding heads are fixed at the tail end of the manipulator through a flange plate and are positioned in the same plane. And 4, starting the magnetic field generating device, starting the laser welding system, starting the shielding gas, enabling the first laser beam to vertically irradiate the surface of the workpiece, and enabling the second laser beam and the third laser beam to obliquely irradiate the surface of the workpiece. And 5, when the tail end of the manipulator moves to the end point of the welding path, closing the laser, closing the protective gas and closing the electromagnetic field generating device to finish the welding process. The invention also discloses a magnesium alloy laser welding system. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively solve the problems of small surface tension, easy collapse and the like of the magnesium alloy in a molten state.

Description

Method and system for laser welding of magnesium alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a method and a system for laser welding of magnesium alloy.
Background
Laser welding has the advantages of non-contact, high efficiency, small thermal deformation and the like, and is widely applied to industries such as automobiles, molds, electronics and the like.
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the requirements for energy conservation and consumption reduction are continuously improved, safety and environmental protection laws and regulations are stricter, the requirement for light weight of automobiles is more urgent, automobile parts made of magnesium alloy can obtain obvious weight reduction effect (60% -75% of steel and cast iron), and the industrial application of magnesium alloy in China as a large magnesium resource country becomes one of the targets of the development of national science and technology strategies.
As a green engineering material in the 21 st century, magnesium alloy has a plurality of excellent characteristics compared with the traditional steel materials, and is more and more emphasized at home and abroad, but the physical properties of the magnesium alloy also cause a series of problems during welding, and the following problems mainly exist:
because the surface tension of the magnesium alloy in a molten state is small, the defect of weld joint collapse is easily generated in the welding process, and the poor weld joint forming is caused.
The activator is developed aiming at the laser welding processing of the magnesium alloy, adopts nontoxic components to replace virulent fluorides, not only changes the arc form and the surface tension of a welding pool by adding elements such as Ca, Mn and the like, but also enhances the slag detachability of the activator and the appearance of the magnesium alloy after welding, and enhances the performance of the activator by strictly controlling the particle size range. The laser welding quality of the magnesium alloy is ensured while the welding penetration is enhanced.
Aiming at the problems occurring in the magnesium alloy welding process, the following solutions exist in the field of the existing laser welding:
the invention discloses a magnesium alloy laser-TIG welding method which is published in 9 and 20 months in 2003 and has the publication number of CN 1526507A, the invention combines two processes of laser and TIG, provides mutual organic matching of two heat source powers in the welding process, and solves the problems of large energy consumption and low production efficiency of the original laser welding method to a certain extent.
The invention discloses an invention patent ' flat butt joint MIG welding method of aluminum magnesium alloy sheets ', which is published in 1 month and 10 days in 2020 and has the publication number of CN 110666310A ', the invention adopts a flat position to carry out MIG welding on 2 aluminum magnesium alloy sheets, and a groove adopts a symmetrical V-shaped groove for welding, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of a welding line to a certain extent, but because a groove with the angle of 15-20 degrees is required to be opened before welding, the processing difficulty is greatly improved, and the assembly gap is reduced.
It can be seen that, in the prior art, the problems of weld joint collapse, joint softening and weld joint deformation in the welding process of the magnesium alloy are not solved obviously, and therefore, a method and a system for laser welding of the magnesium alloy with good adaptability, easy control and good welding effect are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for laser welding of magnesium alloy, aiming at the defects of small surface tension of magnesium alloy in a molten state, poor weld joint forming, easy collapse and the like, and having good welding effect.
The invention provides a welding method for laser welding of magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece which need to be in butt joint welding.
And 2, butting and clamping the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and placing the workpieces between the left magnet and the right magnet.
Step 3, providing a laser welding system, wherein the laser welding system is provided with a laser, a transmission optical fiber, an optical gate, a first operation optical fiber, a second operation optical fiber, a third operation optical fiber, a first laser welding head, a second laser welding head, a third laser welding head, a protective gas nozzle device, an electromagnetic field device and a mechanical arm; the first laser welding head is vertically arranged downwards, and the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first laser welding head in parallel, are transversely distributed in the same plane and are fixed at the tail end of the manipulator through the flange plate.
And 4, starting the electromagnetic field generating device, starting the laser welding system, starting the protective gas, enabling the first laser welding head to be positioned right above the butt joint, emitting a first laser beam to vertically irradiate the surface of the workpiece, enabling the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head to respectively emit a second laser beam and a third laser beam to be obliquely irradiated on the surface of the workpiece, and enabling the first laser welding head, the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head to synchronously move forwards to implement welding work.
And 5, when the tail end of the manipulator moves to the end point of the welding path, closing the laser and the protective gas to finish the welding process.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the material of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is magnesium alloy.
Furthermore, the thickness of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is 5-10 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 2, two magnets are arranged in parallel in a groove of a horizontally placed welding fixture, and the workpiece is clamped and positioned between the two magnets by the welding fixture.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the laser power of the laser welding system is 5 to 10 kW.
In one embodiment, in step 3, in the laser welding system, the included angle α formed by the second laser beam and the third laser beam with the center line of the first laser beam can be adjusted according to the plate thickness.
Furthermore, the adjusting range of the included angle alpha is 15-60 degrees.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the current provided by the current generator acts on the molten pool of the workpiece, so that the welded workpiece is acted on by a stable electromagnetic force in a steady magnetic field, and the lower molten pool cannot fall downwards based on the electromagnetic force.
Further, the magnetic field intensity is 20-200 mT.
In one embodiment, in step 4, the distance δ between the second laser beam and the third laser beam and the first laser beam is 3-5 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 4, during laser welding, the second molten pool formed by the second laser beam and the third laser beam and the end of the third molten pool are located at the bottom of the first molten pool formed by the first laser beam.
Further, the width B of the bottom of the welding pool is 3-10 mm.
The invention also provides a magnesium alloy laser welding system, which comprises a laser, a transmission optical fiber, an optical gate, a first operation optical fiber, a second operation optical fiber, a third operation optical fiber, a first laser welding head, a second laser welding head, a third laser welding head, a protective gas nozzle, an electromagnetic field generating device and a manipulator, wherein the transmission optical fiber is arranged on the first operation optical fiber; the first laser welding head, the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head are fixed at the tail end of the manipulator through the flange plate.
In one embodiment, the laser emitted by the laser is split by the optical shutter and transmitted to the first laser welding head, the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head through the first operating optical fiber, the second operating optical fiber and the third operating optical fiber respectively.
In one embodiment, the angles between the second laser welding head, the third laser welding head and the first laser welding head which are fixed on the flange plate at the tail end of the manipulator can be adjusted in real time according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded, and the adjustment range of the angles is between 15 and 60 degrees.
In one embodiment, due to the action of the second laser beam and the third laser beam, the molten pool is in a shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, the upper part of the molten pool is divided into three independent areas, and a welding seam with a wide lower surface under the condition of single-side welding is obtained.
In one embodiment, the falling of the lower molten pool is effectively controlled under the assistance of the electromagnetic field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. on the basis of welding by the first laser beam, the parallel second laser beam and the parallel third laser beam are additionally arranged, and the first laser beam, the second laser beam and the third laser beam respectively obtain a first welding molten pool, a second welding molten pool and a third welding molten pool in the welding process. The first welding molten pool, the second welding molten pool and the third welding form a welding molten zone, the upper part of the welding molten zone is divided into three independent areas, the width of the bottom of the welding molten zone is increased, and more molten metal is directly subjected to upward Lorentz force under the action of an electromagnetic field at the bottom of a welding seam; therefore, the problem of magnesium alloy weld joint collapse is effectively avoided.
2. According to the invention, on the basis of welding by the first laser beam, the second laser beam and the third laser beam are additionally arranged in parallel, the width of the bottom of a welding fusion area is increased, more molten metal is directly acted by an electromagnetic field positioned at the bottom of a welding line, so that the intensity of the electromagnetic field is greatly reduced, and the environmental adaptability of the electromagnetic field assisted laser welding process is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of equipment and parent metal involved in implementing a method and system for laser welding of magnesium alloys in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weld zone in the method of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional profile of a weld in a conventional welding process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weld in the state shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the upward Lorentz force experienced by the molten pool in the electromagnetic field during the practice of a method of laser welding magnesium alloys according to the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. the device comprises a first workpiece 2, a second workpiece 3, a laser 4, a transmission optical fiber 5, a shutter 6, a first operation optical fiber 7, a second operation optical fiber 8, a third operation optical fiber 9, a first laser welding head 10, a second laser welding head 11, a third laser welding head 12, a first laser beam 13, a second laser beam 14, a third laser beam 15, a protective gas nozzle 16, a protective gas cylinder 17, a manipulator 18, a left magnet 19 and a right magnet
In fig. 2: 1. first workpiece 2, second workpiece 3, first melt pool 4, second melt pool 5, third melt pool 6, first orifice 7, second orifice 8, third orifice 9, first laser beam 10, second laser beam 11, third laser beam in fig. 5: 1. a first workpiece 2, a second workpiece 3, a molten pool 18, a left magnet 19 and a right magnet
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-5 and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, a laser welding method for a magnesium alloy includes the following steps:
step 1, providing a first workpiece 1 and a second workpiece 2 which need to be welded, wherein the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 are both magnesium alloy plates and can be prepared and formed by a machining method. In this embodiment, the thickness of the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 is 5 to 10 mm.
And 2, removing impurities on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2, polishing and cleaning a 10mm area around the butt weld, brushing the paste-shaped active agent on the cleaned area by using a brush, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1-2 mm, and drying for 5 minutes.
And 3, accurately butting and clamping the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2, so that the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 are tightly attached, namely, the gap between the butting plates is zero, and at the moment, the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 are positioned between the left magnet 18 and the right magnet 19.
And 4, providing a laser welding system, wherein the laser welding system is provided with a laser 3, a transmission optical fiber 4, a shutter 5, a first operating optical fiber 6, a second operating optical fiber 7, a third operating optical fiber 8, a first laser welding head 9, a second laser welding head 10, a third laser welding head 11 and a protective gas nozzle 15.
And 5, starting the magnetic field generating device, starting the laser welding system, starting the shielding gas, enabling the first laser welding head to be positioned right above the butt joint, emitting a first laser beam to vertically irradiate the surface of the workpiece, and respectively emitting a second laser beam and a third laser beam to obliquely irradiate the surface of the workpiece by the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head.
And 6, when the manipulator moves to the tail end of the butt joint, closing the laser, the shielding gas and the magnetic field, and finishing the welding process.
The surface of the workpiece is coated with a special magnesium alloy welding active agent made of SiO2、CaO、MnO2Calcium carbonate, wherein the silicon dioxide, the calcium oxide and the manganese dioxide are mixed uniformly according to a certain proportionThe particle size of calcium carbonate was 45 μm.
The first laser welding head 9 outputs a first laser beam 12 which vertically radiates at the center of the butt joint to form a molten pool; the second laser head 10 and the third laser welding head 11 are arranged side by side and symmetrically distributed to respectively output a second laser beam 13 and a third laser beam 14 to simultaneously act on a welding area. The protective gas nozzle 15 is positioned in front of the molten pool, and 99.9% argon is blown out at a flow rate of 15-30L/min to act on a welding central area.
The first laser welding head 9, the second laser welding head 10 and the third laser welding head 11 are fixed by the manipulator 4, so that the welding heads synchronously move forwards in the same plane at the welding speed of 0.3-1.0 m/min. The included angles of the second laser welding head, the third laser beam central line and the first laser beam central line are alpha, the included angle alpha can be adjusted within the range of 15-60 degrees according to the thickness of a welded workpiece, so that the tail ends of a second molten pool and a third molten pool formed by the second laser beam and the third laser beam are just positioned at the bottom of a molten pool formed by the first laser beam, the upper part and the lower part of the molten pool are small in volume, the upper part and the lower part of the molten pool are large, three independent areas are arranged above the molten pool, and the width B of the lower part is 3-10 mm.
The current supplied by the current generator acts on the molten pool of the workpiece so that the workpiece to be welded is subjected to a steady electromagnetic force in the steady magnetic field formed by the left magnet 18 and the right magnet 19 and the molten pool below does not fall.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a magnesium alloy laser welding system which comprises a laser 3, a transmission optical fiber 4, a shutter 5, a first operation optical fiber 6, a second operation optical fiber 7, a third operation optical fiber 8, a first laser welding head 9, a second laser welding head 10 and a third laser welding head 11.
Optionally, the laser beam emitted by the first laser welding head 9 in a focusing mode is vertically radiated to the center of the butt joint, the power of the laser beam is 5-10 kW,
optionally, the laser beams focused and emitted by the second laser welding head 10 and the third laser welding head 11 are arranged side by side along the welding direction and are symmetrically distributed, and the power of the laser beams is 5-10 kW.
Optionally, the laser welding system further includes a second laser welding head 10, a third laser welding head 11 and the first laser welding head 9, which can be adjusted to have an included angle α according to the thickness of the welded workpiece, and the adjustment range of the included angle α is 10 ° to 60 °.
Optionally, the laser welding system further comprises a shielding gas nozzle 15, which can blow 99.995% argon gas to act on the welding center area.
Optionally, the laser welding system further comprises an electromagnetic field generating device composed of a left magnet 18, a right magnet 19 and the like, the electromagnetic field generating device is located below the workpiece and provides magnetic field intensity of 20-200mT, and a molten pool below the workpiece cannot fall down.
The embodiment of the invention can effectively solve the problem of poor weld joint forming caused by the defect that the weld joint is easy to collapse in the welding process because the surface tension of the magnesium alloy in a molten state is smaller in the magnesium alloy welding process. The molten pool formed by the conventional welding mode has large upper part volume, and the downward gravity and the hydrodynamic pressure drive to form a depression, while the molten pool formed by the method has small upper part volume and small downward gravity, and can control the molten pool to fall down by applying an electromagnetic field, thereby avoiding the defect that the welding seam collapses due to the large upper part volume and the downward gravity and the hydrodynamic pressure drive during the conventional welding.

Claims (7)

1. A laser welding method for magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, providing a first workpiece and a second workpiece which need to be in butt joint welding.
And 2, butting and clamping the first workpiece and the second workpiece, and placing the workpieces between the left magnet and the right magnet.
Step 3, providing a laser welding system, wherein the laser welding system is provided with a laser, a transmission optical fiber, an optical gate, a first operation optical fiber, a second operation optical fiber, a third operation optical fiber, a first laser welding head, a second laser welding head, a third laser welding head, a protective gas nozzle device, an electromagnetic field device and a mechanical arm; the first laser welding head is vertically arranged downwards, and the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first laser welding head in parallel, are transversely distributed in the same plane and are fixed at the tail end of the manipulator through the flange plate.
And 4, starting the magnetic field generating device, starting the laser welding system, starting the protective gas, enabling the first laser welding head to be positioned right above the butt joint, emitting a first laser beam to vertically irradiate the surface of the workpiece, enabling the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head to respectively emit a second laser beam and a third laser beam to be obliquely irradiated on the surface of the workpiece, and enabling the first laser welding head, the second laser welding head and the third laser welding head to synchronously move forwards to implement welding work.
And 5, when the tail end of the manipulator moves to the end point of the welding path, closing the laser and the protective gas to finish the welding process.
2. The magnesium alloy laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the first workpiece and the second workpiece are each a magnesium alloy plate having a thickness of 12 to 20 mm.
3. The magnesium alloy laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the power of the first laser beam emitted from the first laser welding head, the second laser beam emitted from the second laser welding head, and the third laser beam emitted from the third laser welding head is 5 to 10 kW.
4. The magnesium alloy laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the included angle formed by the second laser welding head, the third laser welding head and the first laser welding head can be adjusted according to the thickness of the workpiece to be welded, and the adjustment range is 15-45 degrees.
5. The magnesium alloy laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the first laser welding head, the second laser welding head, and the third laser welding head are fixed by a robot end square flange and are located in the same plane.
6. The laser welding method for magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the upper portion of the molten pool is made narrower and divided into three parts, and the lower portion is made wider due to the action of the second laser beam and the third laser beam.
7. The magnesium alloy laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic field generating device is located below the molten pool, the intensity of the magnetic field is 20-200mT, and the molten pool below is controlled not to fall.
CN202011601129.XA 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 Method and system for laser welding of magnesium alloy Active CN112743230B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100198832B1 (en) * 1995-12-28 1999-06-15 김덕중 Welder using laser beam
DE10329075A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Schuler Held Lasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Multifocal welding process and welding device
US20050028897A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-02-10 Wilfried Kurz Process for avoiding cracking in welding
CN103182590A (en) * 2012-09-29 2013-07-03 北京航星机器制造公司 Method for controlling reverse penetration into back of aluminium alloy pipeline during welding
CN205380361U (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-13 温州大学 Laser welding device based on pulsed magnetic field
CN212858264U (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-04-02 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 Electromagnetic auxiliary welding device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100198832B1 (en) * 1995-12-28 1999-06-15 김덕중 Welder using laser beam
US20050028897A1 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-02-10 Wilfried Kurz Process for avoiding cracking in welding
DE10329075A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Schuler Held Lasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Multifocal welding process and welding device
CN103182590A (en) * 2012-09-29 2013-07-03 北京航星机器制造公司 Method for controlling reverse penetration into back of aluminium alloy pipeline during welding
CN205380361U (en) * 2016-02-29 2016-07-13 温州大学 Laser welding device based on pulsed magnetic field
CN212858264U (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-04-02 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 Electromagnetic auxiliary welding device

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