CN1127416C - 复合电动环保汽车 - Google Patents

复合电动环保汽车 Download PDF

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CN1127416C
CN1127416C CN00117550A CN00117550A CN1127416C CN 1127416 C CN1127416 C CN 1127416C CN 00117550 A CN00117550 A CN 00117550A CN 00117550 A CN00117550 A CN 00117550A CN 1127416 C CN1127416 C CN 1127416C
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gear
input shaft
power
combustion engine
power converter
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CN00117550A
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CN1310110A (zh
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李楚权
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SHENZHEN MINGHUA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTOMOBILE CO Ltd
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SHENZHEN MINGHUA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTOMOBILE CO Ltd
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Priority to CN00117550A priority Critical patent/CN1127416C/zh
Priority to TW089125042A priority patent/TW473438B/zh
Priority to EP01300558A priority patent/EP1203683A3/en
Priority to KR1020010009153A priority patent/KR20020034823A/ko
Priority to US09/871,594 priority patent/US20020179350A1/en
Priority to CA002356070A priority patent/CA2356070A1/en
Publication of CN1310110A publication Critical patent/CN1310110A/zh
Priority to AU75566/01A priority patent/AU7556601A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种复合电动环保汽车，包括内燃机动力系统、电池动力系统、动力转换器和主减速器；所述的内燃机动力系统包括顺序联接的发动机、离合器和变速器；其特征在于，所述的动力转换器的第一输入端接变速器的输出，动力转换器的第二输入端接电池动力系统的输出，动力转换器的输出端接主减速器的输入端。本发明使电池动力系统能在底盘上合理布置，从而使内燃机与电池多动力系统的方案能够真正得以实现，解决了本研究领域长期困绕人们的一大难题。

Description

复合电动环保汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种交通运输工具，尤其涉及一种具有内燃机驱动和电动多动力系统的复合电动环保汽车，内燃机的燃料可以为燃油、燃气或其它合适的燃料。
背景技术
随着燃油汽车保有量逐年增长，其尾气排放对环境的破坏愈来愈严重，尤其是人口和车辆密集的城市，燃油机动车的尾气排放是造成空气污染的主要原因。为了解决内燃机动力汽车的污染问题，人们研制出了电动汽车，但由于受到电池技术水平等因素影响，一次充电后行驶的里程太短，实用性远未达到理想的程度，因而不能普及。为了既降低污染，尤其是降低人口密集的城市地区的污染，又保证一次充电后能行驶足够的里程，人们提出了复合电动汽车的构想，即在配备一套内燃机动力系统的同时，还配备一套电动动力系统，在人口密集地区仅以电动系统驱动，以降低污染，甚至实现完全无污染；在人口稀少的路段行驶时，用内燃机动力驱动，以保证汽车一次充电后行驶足够的里程，并且利用内燃机动力系统的余能对电动动力系统的蓄电池充电，达到既降低污染，又节约能源的目的。但是关于上述构想至今未有人提出一套具有足够实用性，能够被市场广泛接受的具体方案。现有方案中，尤为不足的是由于其动力转换装置的安装位置设计不合理，使电机在汽车底盘上无法获得理想布置；同时，动力转换装置的内部结构不合理，除了导致电机不好布置外，其本身结构过于复杂，难以保证可靠的工作性能。ZL99211216.8号中国实用新型专利提出了一种清洁省油多能源复合动力电动车，就是关于上述构想的一个典型的尝试。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种复合电动环保汽车，该汽车具有内燃机和电池两套动力驱动系统，可有效降低内燃机动车排放的污染，又能保证一次充电后行驶足够里程。本发明动力转换装置的位置及结构合理，使内燃机、电池多能源驱动能真正得以实现，为实现其产品化和市场化提供了真正可行的方案。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：一种复合电动环保汽车，包括内燃机动力系统、电池动力系统、动力转换器和主减速器；所述的内燃机动力系统包括顺序联接的发动机、离合器和变速器；其特征在于，所述的动力转换器的第一输入端接变速器的输出，动力转换器的第二输入端接电池动力系统的输出，动力转换器的输出端接主减速器的输入端。
如上所述的本发明复合电动环保汽车，摒弃了动力转换器紧随发动机的离合器之后的现有技术方案，将动力转换器设于内燃机动力系统的变速器与主减速器之间，使电池动力系统能在底盘上合理布置，从而使内燃机与电池多动力系统的方案能够真正得以实现，解决了本研究领域长期困绕人们的一大难题。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1a、图1b和图1c分别为ZL99211216.8号中国实用新型专利中电动/发电机的几种可能布置形式示意图；
图2为ZL99211216.8号中国实用新型专利中动力转换装置内部结构图；
图3为本发明复合电动环保汽车一个典型实施例的总体结构示意图；
图4为本发明复合电动环保汽车中电动/发电机的第二种布置方式示意图；
图5为本发明复合电动环保汽车所用动力转换器的一个典型实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
ZL99211216.8号中国实用新型专利在其实施例部分给出了动力转换箱紧随发动机的离合器之后的布置方案，本发明专利申请的发明人经过试验研究后发现，根据其方案，其电动/发电机的布置有如图1a、图1b和图1c三种可供选择的方案。如图1a所示的第一种方案，电动/发电机7与底盘大梁20相互垂直，由于其动力转换器1与底盘大梁20之间的距离无法安放电动/发电机7，使电动/发电机7必须安放在底盘大梁20之上，这必然造成车身上移，车体重心过高，在实际中是行不通的。图1b所示为第二种方案，电动/发电机7与底盘大梁20相互平行，并将电动/发电机7安放在发动机3一侧，由于发动机3占据了两大梁20之间大部分空间，使电动/发电机7无法安放在大梁20内侧，而同样只能安放在大梁20之上，这同样是行不通的。图1c为第三种方案，电动/发电机7与底盘大梁20相互平行，并将电动/发电机7安放在变速箱5一侧，由于变速箱5占据了两大梁20之间部分空间，使电动/发电机7无法紧靠变速箱5安放在大梁20内侧，而要通过加长其输出轴21，使其与变速箱5的位置错开安放在传动主轴22与大梁20之间，这种方案，由于电动/发电机7的输出轴21过长，增加了偏心，引起磨擦增大，在实际中往往存在传动不平稳、不可靠的问题，因而同样是不可取的。
图2为ZL99211216.8号中国实用新型专利中动力转换装置内部结构图。其内燃机动力输入轴10与电池动力输入轴11相互垂直，使电动/发电机只能垂直于底盘大梁布置，实际中无法实现。此外，该动力转换装置采用了伞型齿轮24传动方案，工作可靠性难于保证。
图3给出了本发明复合电动环保汽车一个典型实施例的结构示意图。该复合电动环保汽车实施例包括内燃机动力系统A、电池动力系统B、动力转换器1和主减速器2；所述的内燃机动力系统A包括顺序联接的发动机3、离合器4和变速器5；其动力转换器1的第一输入端接变速器5的输出，动力转换器1的第二输入端接电池动力系统B的输出，动力转换器1的输出端接主减速器2的输入端。其电池动力系统B包括电池组6、在电能作用下具有电动机功能、而在机械能作用下具有发电机功能的电动/发电机7以及联接于电池组6与电动/发电机7之间并对其工作状况进行控制的控制器；所述的电动/发电机7的输出端接动力转换器1的第二输入端。控制器在电池组6向电动/发电机7供电驱动汽车时，根据需要控制功率大小及汽车运行工况；在内燃机动力系统将富余能量转换为电池组6的电能时，将电动/发电机7转换为发电机状态，对电池组6充电。现有技术中已有多种控制器，在实际运用中，可根据需要，以现有的计算机技术制成适合的芯片来实现其功能。
上述本发明实施例中，将动力转换器1设于内燃机动力系统的变速器5与主减速器2之间，使电动/发电机7可以避开发动机3和变速器5安放于汽车传动主轴22与底盘大梁20之间，既可以如图3所示，布置在靠发动机3一侧，也可以如图4所示，布置在远离发动机3的一侧。这样，车身可以同普通汽车一样具有同样高的重心，从而使内燃机与电池多动力系统的方案能够真正得以实现。
如图5所示，本发明复合动力汽车的动力转换器1包括内燃机动力输入轴10和电池动力输入轴11；输入轴10的一端接变速器5的输出；输入轴10的另一端为动力转换器1的输出端23，接主减速器2的输入端；输入轴10与电池动力输入轴11互相平行并通过传动齿轮组C相互联接。本实施例中，传动齿轮组C包括齿轮12、齿轮13、齿轮14、齿轮15和齿轮16，齿轮12装在输入轴10上，齿轮13装在轴17上，齿轮14和齿轮15装在轴18上，齿轮16装在输入轴11上；轴17和轴18均与输入轴10和输入轴11平行；齿轮12与齿轮13啮合，齿轮13与齿轮14啮合，齿轮15与齿轮16啮合。齿轮12的直径大于齿轮13的直径，齿轮13的直径大于齿轮14的直径，齿轮15的直径大于齿轮14及齿轮16的直径。齿轮12、13、14、15、16在以电池为动力驱动汽车时，起传动和减速作用，将电动/发电机7输出的动力传递给动力转换器1的输出端23并进一步输入主减速器2，驱动车轮前进。当以内燃机为动力驱动汽车时，发动机3的动力通过离合器4的接合传至变速器5，再接入动力转换器1的输入轴10，从动力转换器1的输出端23传给主减速器2，再驱动车轮。这两套动力系统既可单独使用，也可同时使用。其功能的实现是由动力转换器1的操作来实现的。
上述动力转换器实施例中，各转轴间互相平行，并且全部采用圆柱齿轮，传递动力稳定可靠；同时，其内燃机动力输入轴10与电池动力输入轴11互相平行，便于将电动/发电机7与传动主轴22平行布置，从而将其布置于主轴22与底盘大梁20之间，保证车体的正常高度。
当以内燃机为动力时，发动机3输出的动力一部分通过动力转换器1的输出端23传给主减速速器2，驱动车轮前进，另一部分通过传动齿轮组C传至电动/发电机7的输入轴11，使输入轴11反转，使电动/发电机7成为一个发电机，并通过控制器向电池组6充电。
也可以在动力转换器1的第二输入端与电池动力系统B的输出端之间设一个离合器，即在电动/发电机7的输出端与输入轴11之间设一个离合器，当该离合器分离时，内燃机动力全部用来驱动汽车；当该离合器接合时，根据需要可以有两种工况，一种是内燃机动力系统与电池动力系统共同驱动汽车前进，主要适用于高速前进或爬坡等情况，另一种即为如前段所述的内燃机动力系统在驱动汽车前进的同时，利用富余能量向电池组充电。
在动力转换器1的第一输入端与内燃机动力系统A的输出端之间，即在变速器5的输出端与动力转换器1的输入轴10之间最好也设一个离合器，当使用内燃机动力时，该离合器接合；当使用电池动力时，该离合器分离，这样可以避免电池动力输入变速器5形成磨擦，浪费电能。
本发明复合动力电动汽车具有如下优点：在市区排放控制区行驶时，关闭内燃机，采用电驱动。而在城市郊区或高速公路上行驶时，汽车绝大部分时间处于匀速行驶工况，而此时已离开排放严格控制区，让内燃机驱动汽车，使之具有更好的经济性；同时内燃机将其富余功率通过电动/发电机为车载蓄电池组充电以补充能量，提高电驱动续驶里程。如果遇到爬坡，内燃机功率不够时，则可借助于电池动力，采用多动力驱动。

Claims (6)

1、一种复合电动环保汽车，包括内燃机动力系统(A)、电池动力系统(B)、动力转换器(1)和主减速器(2)；所述的内燃机动力系统(A)包括顺序联接的发动机(3)、离合器(4)和变速器(5)；所述的动力转换器(1)包括内燃机动力输入轴(10)和电池动力输入轴(11)；所述内燃机动力输入轴(10)的一端接变速器(5)的输出；所述内燃机动力输入轴(10)的另一端为所述动力转换器(1)的输出端(23)，其接主减速器(2)的输入端，所述电池动力输入轴(11)接电池动力系统(B)；内燃机动力输入轴(10)与电池动力输入轴(11)互相平行并通过传动齿轮组(C)相互联接；其特征在于，所述传动齿轮组(C)包括齿轮(12)、齿轮(13)、齿轮(14)、齿轮(15)和齿轮(16)，所述齿轮(12)装在输入轴(10)上，齿轮(13)装在轴(17)上，齿轮(14)和齿轮(15)装在轴(18)上，齿轮(16)装在输入轴(11)上；所述轴(17)和轴(18)均与输入轴(10)和输入轴(11)平行；齿轮(12)与齿轮(13)啮合，齿轮(13)与齿轮(14)啮合，齿轮(15)与齿轮(16)啮合。
2、根据权利要求1所述的复合电动环保汽车，其特征在于，所述的电池动力系统(B)包括电池组(6)、在电能作用下具有电动机功能、而在机械能作用下具有发电机功能的电动/发电机(7)以及联接于电池组(6)与电动/发电机(7)之间并对其工作状况进行控制的控制器；所述的电动/发电机(7)的输出端接动力转换器(1)的第二输入端。
3、根据权利要求1所述的复合电动环保汽车，其特征在于，所述齿轮(12)的直径大于齿轮(13)的直径，齿轮(13)的直径大于齿轮(14)的直径，齿轮(15)的直径大于齿轮(14)及齿轮(16)的直径。
4、根据权利要求1所述的复合电动环保汽车，其特征在于，在所述动力转换器(1)的第二输入端与电池动力系统(B)的输出端之间设有一个离合器。
5、根据权利要求1所述的复合电动环保汽车，其特征在于，在在所述动力转换器(1)的第一输入端与内燃机动力系统(A)的输出端之间，即在变速器(5)的输出端与动力转换器(1)的输入轴(10)之间设有一个离合器。
6、根据权利要求1所述的复合电动环保汽车，其特征在于，所述的齿轮(12)、齿轮(13)、齿轮(14)、齿轮(15)和齿轮(16)均为圆柱齿轮。
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