CN112737360B - Rectifying circuit and power supply - Google Patents
Rectifying circuit and power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN112737360B CN112737360B CN202011587750.5A CN202011587750A CN112737360B CN 112737360 B CN112737360 B CN 112737360B CN 202011587750 A CN202011587750 A CN 202011587750A CN 112737360 B CN112737360 B CN 112737360B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rectifying circuit and a power supply. The rectifier circuit includes: the circuit comprises a rectifying module, a first capacitor, a first resistor and a first switch module; a first output end of the rectification module is electrically connected with a first end of the first capacitor; the second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor; the first end of the first resistor is also electrically connected with the first end of the first switch module, the second end of the first resistor is also electrically connected with the second end of the first switch module, and the first switch module is used for controlling the second end of the first switch module to be connected with the third end of the first switch module when the voltage value of the first capacitor is smaller than a preset voltage value; the first switch module is further used for controlling the connection between the first end of the first switch module and the second end of the first switch module when the voltage value of the first capacitor is larger than or equal to the preset voltage value. The invention solves the problem that a short-time huge current is generated when the capacitor is charged in the rectifying circuit, and achieves the effect of limiting the charging current when the capacitor is electrified.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to a rectification technology, in particular to a rectification circuit and a power supply.
Background
In a rectifier circuit, a rectifier bridge and a large electrolytic capacitor are generally used for filtering to convert an alternating voltage into a direct voltage.
But when the circuit power reaches the kilowatt level, the total capacitance of the electrolytic capacitor reaches the millifarad level. When the circuit is powered on, the large capacitance can generate huge current of tens of amperes or even hundreds of amperes in a short time, which easily causes false operation of the overcurrent protector or local power grid fluctuation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rectifying circuit and a power supply, which are used for reducing charging current when the rectifying circuit is electrified.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rectifier circuit, where the rectifier circuit includes: the circuit comprises a rectifying module, a first capacitor, a first resistor and a first switch module;
the first input end and the second input end of the rectifying module are used for being connected with a first power supply, and the first output end of the rectifying module is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
the second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the second output end of the rectifying module;
the first end of the first resistor is also electrically connected with the first end of the first switch module, the second end of the first resistor is also electrically connected with the second end of the first switch module, and the first switch module is used for controlling the second end of the first switch module to be connected with the third end of the first switch module when the voltage value of the first capacitor is smaller than a preset voltage value; the first switch module is further used for controlling the connection between the first end of the first switch module and the second end of the first switch module when the voltage value of the first capacitor is larger than or equal to a preset voltage value.
Optionally, the first switch module comprises: a control unit and a switch unit;
the first end of the control unit is electrically connected with the first control end of the switch unit and is used for controlling whether the first control end of the switch unit is electrified or not;
the second control end of the switch unit is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, the first end of the switch unit is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the switch unit is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the switch unit is used for controlling the disconnection of the second end and the third end of the switch unit and controlling the connection of the first end and the second end of the switch unit when the first control end of the switch unit is electrified.
Optionally, the control unit comprises: a second capacitor, a zener diode, and a transistor;
the first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, and the second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a second pole of the second power supply;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the control end of the transistor;
the first end of the transistor is electrically connected with the first control end of the switch unit, and the second end of the transistor is electrically connected with the second pole of the second power supply.
Optionally, the switching unit comprises a first relay;
a first end of the coil of the first relay is electrically connected with a first end of the transistor, and a second end of the coil of the first relay is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply; a first end of a coil of the first relay is a first control end of the switch unit, and a second end of the coil of the first relay is a second control end of the switch unit;
the first end of the switch of the first relay is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the switch of the first relay is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the first relay is used for controlling the second end and the third end of the switch of the first relay to be disconnected when the first end and the second end of the coil are connected, and controlling the first end and the second end of the switch of the first relay to be connected.
Optionally, the first switch module further comprises a second resistor;
the first end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the first pole of the second power supply, and the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor.
Optionally, the first switch module further comprises a third resistor;
the first end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode, and the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
Optionally, the rectifier circuit further includes a second switch module and a fourth resistor;
a first end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the first capacitor, a second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch module, and a second end of the second switch module is electrically connected with a third end of the first switch module;
the first control end of the second switch module is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, the second control end of the second switch module is used for being electrically connected with a second pole of the second power supply, and the second switch module is used for controlling the first end and the second end of the second switch module to be disconnected when the first control end of the second switch module is electrified.
Optionally, the second switch module comprises a second relay;
a first end of a coil of the second relay is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, and a second end of the coil of the second relay is used for being electrically connected with a second pole of the second power supply; a first end of a coil of the second relay is a first control end of the second switch module, and a second end of the coil of the second relay is a second control end of the second switch module;
the first end of the switch of the second relay is electrically connected with the second end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the switch of the second relay is electrically connected with the third end of the first switch module, the third end of the switch of the second relay is suspended, the second relay is used for disconnecting the first end and the second end of the switch of the second relay when the first end and the second end of the coil of the second relay are connected, and the second end and the third end of the switch of the second relay are connected.
Optionally, the rectifying module comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode and a fourth diode;
the anode of the first diode is used for being connected with a first power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
the anode of the second diode is used for being connected with a first power supply, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
the anode of the third diode is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected with the anode of the first diode;
an anode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and a cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the first end of the second diode.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a power supply, where the power supply includes the rectifier circuit described in the first aspect.
According to the invention, the input first power supply is rectified by the rectifying module and then charges the first capacitor, and when the voltage values at two ends of the first capacitor are smaller than the preset voltage value, the second end and the third end of the first switch module are connected, so that the first resistor is connected to the charging circuit, the charging current can be limited, and the generation of large current in an instantaneous time can be avoided; when the voltage at the two ends of the first capacitor is larger than or equal to the preset voltage value, at the moment, the charging current passing through the first capacitor is very small and even close to zero, the connection between the second end and the third end of the first switch module is disconnected, the first end and the second end of the first switch module are connected, the first resistor cannot be connected into the charging circuit, the first power supply continues to charge the first capacitor through the rectifying module until the maximum value of the first power supply is charged, and the first capacitor can output a stable voltage signal. The invention solves the problem of generating a large current in a short time when the capacitor is charged in the rectifying circuit, and achieves the effect of limiting the charging current when the capacitor is electrified.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention, where the present embodiment is applicable to a rectifier circuit, and referring to fig. 1, the rectifier circuit includes: the rectifier module 110, the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1 and the first switch module 120; the first input end a1 and the second input end a2 of the rectifying module 110 are used for accessing a first power supply, and the first output end A3 of the rectifying module 110 is electrically connected to the first end B1 of the first capacitor C1; a second end B2 of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to a first end E1 of the first resistor R1, and a second end E2 of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to a second output end a4 of the rectifier module 110; the first end E1 of the first resistor R1 is further electrically connected to the first end F1 of the first switch module 120, the second end E2 of the first resistor R1 is further electrically connected to the second end F2 of the first switch module 120, and the first switch module 120 is configured to control the second end F2 of the first switch module 120 to be connected to the third end F3 of the first switch module 120 when the voltage value of the first capacitor C1 is smaller than the preset voltage value; the first switch module 120 is further configured to control the connection between the first terminal F1 of the first switch module 120 and the second terminal F2 of the first switch module 120 when the voltage value of the first capacitor C1 is greater than or equal to the preset voltage value.
Specifically, the rectifying module 110 may rectify an input first power source, where the first power source may be, for example, a commercial power or another alternating current power source, and here is not limited specifically, the rectifying module 110 may output a positive voltage signal to a first end of the first capacitor C1 through rectification, so as to charge the first capacitor C1, when charging is started, a voltage value at two ends of the first capacitor C1 is smaller than a preset voltage value, the second end F2 and the third end F3 of the first switch module 120 are connected, the first resistor R1 may be connected to a charging circuit, and the first resistor R1 may limit current, so as to limit charging current, avoid generation, and avoid malfunction of a large current protector in a power grid or local fluctuation of the power grid. When the voltage value at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 is greater than or equal to the preset voltage value, at this time, the charging current passing through the first capacitor C1 is very small, even close to zero, the connection between the second end F2 and the third end F3 of the first switch module 120 is disconnected, and the first end F1 and the second end F2 of the first switch module 120 are connected, so that the first end E1 and the second end E2 of the first resistor R1 are connected, that is, the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, and the first resistor R1 cannot be connected to the charging circuit. After the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, the first power supply continues to charge the first capacitor C1 through the rectifier module 110 until the maximum value of the first power supply is reached, the first capacitor C1 can output a stable voltage signal, the first end B1 of the first capacitor C1 is a first voltage output end of the rectifier circuit, and the second end B2 of the first capacitor C1 is a second voltage output end of the rectifier circuit.
Because the power of the rectifying circuit is large, the first resistor R1 needs to be removed from the charging circuit in order to avoid burning the first resistor R1. Through when the voltage at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 is greater than or equal to the preset voltage value, the first resistor R1 is removed from the charging circuit, because the voltage at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 is greater than or equal to the preset voltage value, the charging current can be ensured to be very small and close to zero, for example, less than 1 microampere, so that the first resistor R1 can be removed when the charging current is close to zero, the sudden change current generated after the R1 is removed cannot be very large, the overcurrent protector can be prevented from misoperation, and the effect of protecting the circuit is achieved.
For example, when the maximum voltage value that the first capacitor C1 can reach is 309 v, the preset voltage value may be 307 v, 306 v, or another voltage value, as long as it is ensured that the charging current is small, and the abrupt current when the first end F1 and the second end F2 of the first switch module 120 are turned on is ensured to be small, so as to meet the usage requirement. The specific preset voltage value can be obtained through calculation or simulation according to actual needs.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the input first power supply is rectified by the rectifying module and then charges the first capacitor, and when the voltage values at two ends of the first capacitor are smaller than the preset voltage value, the second end and the third end of the first switch module are connected, so that the first resistor is connected to the charging circuit, the charging current can be limited, and the generation of large current in an instantaneous time is avoided; when the voltage at the two ends of the first capacitor is larger than or equal to the preset voltage value, at the moment, the charging current passing through the first capacitor is very small and even close to zero, the connection between the second end and the third end of the first switch module is disconnected, the first end and the second end of the first switch module are connected, the first resistor cannot be connected into the charging circuit, the first power supply continues to charge the first capacitor through the rectifying module until the maximum value of the first power supply is charged, and the first capacitor can output a stable voltage signal. The technical scheme of the embodiment solves the problem that a large current is generated in a short time when the capacitor is charged in the rectifying circuit, and achieves the effect of limiting the charging current when the capacitor is electrified.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rectifier circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention, where this embodiment is applicable to a rectifier circuit, optionally, referring to fig. 2, the first switch module 120 includes: a control unit 121 and a switching unit 122; the first end of the control unit 121 is electrically connected to the first control end H1 of the switch unit 122, and is used for controlling whether the first control end H1 of the switch unit 122 is powered; the second control terminal H2 of the switch unit 122 is configured to be electrically connected to a first pole of the second power supply, the first terminal H3 of the switch unit 122 is electrically connected to the first terminal E1 of the first resistor R1, the second terminal H4 of the switch unit 122 is electrically connected to the second terminal E2 of the first resistor R1, and the switch unit 122 is configured to control the second terminal H4 of the switch unit 122 to be disconnected from the third terminal H5 and control the first terminal H3 of the switch unit 122 to be connected to the second terminal H4 when the first control terminal H1 of the switch unit 122 is powered.
Specifically, the control unit 121 may control whether the switch unit 122 is powered, and the second terminal H4 is normally connected to the third terminal H5 of the switch unit 122, that is, when the switch unit 122 is not powered, the second terminal H4 is connected to the third terminal H5. When charging is started, the voltage value at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 is smaller than the preset voltage value, the control unit 121 controls the first control end H1 of the switch unit 122 to be not powered, the second end H4 of the switch unit 122 is connected with the third end H5, the first resistor R1 can be connected to the charging circuit, and the first resistor R1 can limit the current, so that the charging current is limited, and a large current in an instantaneous time is avoided. When the voltage value at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 is greater than or equal to the preset voltage value, at this time, the charging current passing through the first capacitor C1 is very small, even close to zero, the control unit 121 controls the first control end H1 of the switch unit 122 to be powered on, the connection between the second end H4 and the third end H5 of the switch unit 122 is disconnected, and the first end H3 and the second end H4 of the switch unit 122 are connected, so that the first end E1 and the second end E2 of the first resistor R1 are connected, that is, the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, and the first resistor R1 cannot be connected to the charging circuit. After the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, the first power supply continues to charge the first capacitor C1 through the rectifier module 110 until the first power supply reaches the maximum value, and the first capacitor C1 can output a stable voltage signal.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, the control unit 121 includes: a second capacitor C2, a zener diode D1 and a transistor Q1; a first end of the second capacitor C2 is for electrical connection with a first pole of a second power supply, and a second end of the second capacitor C2 is for electrical connection with a second pole of the second power supply; the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor C2, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is electrically connected with the control end of the transistor Q1; a first terminal of the transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first control terminal H1 of the switching unit 122, and a second terminal of the transistor Q1 is used for electrical connection to the second pole of the second power supply.
Specifically, the second power supply may be, for example, a 24V dc power supply, or a dc power supply with other parameters, the first pole of the second power supply may be, for example, the positive pole of the dc power supply, and the second pole of the second power supply may be, for example, the negative pole of the dc power supply, or may be grounded, which is not limited specifically herein. The first power supply charges the first capacitor C1 through the rectifying module 110, and the second power supply charges the second capacitor C2, when charging is started, the anode voltage of the zener diode D1 is zero, that is, the control terminal voltage of the transistor Q1 is zero, the transistor Q1 is in an off state, the first terminal voltage of the transistor Q1 is zero, the control terminal of the transistor Q1 is, for example, the base of the transistor Q1, the first terminal of the transistor Q1 may, for example, be the collector of the transistor Q1, and the second terminal of the transistor Q1 may, for example, be the emitter of the transistor Q1. When the transistor Q1 is in an off state, the first control terminal H1 of the switch unit 122 is not powered, the second terminal H4 of the switch unit 122 is connected to the third terminal H5, the first resistor R1 can be connected to the charging circuit, and the first resistor R1 can limit the charging current, thereby preventing a large current from being generated instantaneously. When the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor C2 reaches the threshold voltage of the zener diode D1, the zener diode D1 breaks down in the reverse direction, and at this time, the second capacitor C2 continues to be charged, when the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor C2 reaches the sum of the threshold voltage of the zener diode D1 and the on-voltage of the transistor Q1, the transistor Q1 is turned on, the first control end H1 of the switching unit 122 is powered, the connection between the second end H4 and the third end H5 of the switching unit 122 is disconnected, the first end H3 and the second end H4 of the switching unit 122 are connected, so that the first end E1 and the second end E2 of the first resistor R1 are connected, that is, the first resistor R1 is shorted, and the first resistor R1 cannot be connected to the charging circuit. By setting the zener diode D1 with different parameters, the breakdown time of the zener diode D1 can be controlled, so as to control the on-time of the transistor Q1, and control the time for the first control terminal H1 of the switch unit 122 to get electricity, thereby ensuring that the voltage value at the two ends of the first capacitor C1 is already charged to the preset voltage value when the first resistor R1 is short-circuited. After the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, the first power supply continues to charge the first capacitor C1 through the rectifier module 110 until the first power supply reaches the maximum value, and the first capacitor C1 can output a stable voltage signal.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, the switching unit 122 includes a first relay 1221; a first end of the coil of the first relay 1221 is electrically connected to a first end of the transistor Q1, and a second end of the coil of the first relay 1221 is for electrical connection to a first pole of a second power supply; wherein, a first end of the coil of the first relay 1221 is the first control end H1 of the switch unit 122, and a second end of the coil of the first relay 1221 is the second control end H2 of the switch unit 122; the first end of the switch of the first relay 1221 is electrically connected to the first end E1 of the first resistor R1, the second end of the switch of the first relay 1221 is electrically connected to the second end E2 of the first resistor R1, and the first relay 1221 is configured to control the second end and the third end of the switch of the first relay 1221 to be disconnected and control the first end and the second end of the switch of the first relay 1221 to be connected when the first end and the second end of the coil are connected.
For example, when charging is started, the anode voltage of the zener diode D1 is zero, that is, the control terminal voltage of the transistor Q1 is zero, the transistor Q1 is in an off state, the first terminal of the coil of the first relay 1221 does not get power, the second terminal of the switch of the first relay 1221 is connected to the third terminal, the first resistor R1 can be connected to the charging circuit, and the first resistor R1 can limit the current, so that the charging current is limited, and a large current in an instant time is avoided. When the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor C2 reaches the threshold voltage of the zener diode D1, the zener diode D1 breaks down in the reverse direction, and at this time, the second capacitor C2 continues to be charged, when the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor C2 reaches the sum of the threshold voltage of the zener diode D1 and the on-state voltage of the transistor Q1, the transistor Q1 is turned on, the first end of the coil of the first relay 1221 is powered, the connection between the second end and the third end of the switch of the first relay 1221 is turned off, the first end and the second end of the switch of the first relay 1221 are connected, so that the first end E1 and the second end E2 of the first resistor R1 are connected, that is, the first resistor R1 is shorted, and the first resistor R1 cannot be connected to the charging circuit. After the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, the first power supply continues to charge the first capacitor C1 through the rectifier module 110 until the first power supply reaches the maximum value, and the first capacitor C1 can output a stable voltage signal.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the first switch module 120 further includes a second resistor R2; a first terminal of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first pole of the second power supply, and a second terminal of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to a first terminal of the second capacitor C2.
Illustratively, the first pole of the second power supply charges the second capacitor C2 through the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 may limit the charging current when the second capacitor C2 is charged, so as to prevent the charging current from being too large and damaging devices in the circuit, thereby achieving the effect of protecting the circuit. And by setting the parameters of the second resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2, the charging time of the second capacitor C2 can be controlled, so that the breakdown time of the zener diode D1 can be controlled, and the on-time of the transistor Q1 can be controlled, so that the time for the first control terminal H1 of the switch unit 122 to get power is controlled, and therefore, when the first resistor R1 is short-circuited, the voltage value across the first capacitor C1 is ensured to be charged to the preset voltage value.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the first switch module 120 further includes a third resistor R3; the first end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the anode of the zener diode D1, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the second end of the second capacitor C2.
Specifically, a first end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to a control end of the transistor Q1, a second end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to a second end of the transistor, and the resistor R3 is connected to the control end and the second end of the transistor Q1, so that energy of the control end can be consumed by the third resistor R3 when the transistor Q1 is suddenly powered off, the transistor Q1 is guaranteed to be reliably turned off, and the effect of protecting the transistor Q1 is achieved.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the rectifier circuit further includes a second switching module 130 and a fourth resistor R4; a first end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the first end B1 of the first capacitor C1, a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the first end N1 of the second switch module 130, and a second end N2 of the second switch module 130 is electrically connected to the third end F1 of the first switch module 120; the first control terminal N3 of the second switch module 130 is configured to be electrically connected to a first pole of the second power source, the second control terminal N4 of the second switch module 130 is configured to be electrically connected to a second pole of the second power source, and the second switch module 130 is configured to control the first terminal N1 of the second switch module 130 to be disconnected from the second terminal N2 when the first control terminal N3 of the second switch module 130 is powered.
Specifically, the first terminal N1 of the second switch module 130 is normally connected to the second terminal N2, that is, when the second switch module 130 is not powered, the first terminal N1 of the second switch module 130 is connected to the second terminal N2. When the first power supply and the second power supply are connected to the circuit at the same time, that is, when the first capacitor C1 starts to charge, the first control terminal N3 of the second switch module 130 is powered, the first terminal N1 of the second switch module 130 is disconnected from the second terminal N2, and the fourth resistor R4 is not connected to the circuit. When the circuit is powered off, the first power supply and the second power supply are disconnected from the circuit, the first control terminal N3 and the second control terminal N4 of the second switch module 130 are powered off, and the first terminal N1 and the second terminal N2 of the second switch module 130 are connected, so that the fourth resistor R4 is connected into the circuit. The first switch module 120 is also powered off, the second terminal F2 of the first switch module 120 is connected to the third terminal F3, the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1 and the fourth resistor R4 form a discharge loop, and the first capacitor C1 discharges. Two discharging resistors are included in the discharging circuit, so that when the rectifying circuit is powered off, the first capacitor C1 can be discharged quickly.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the second switching module 130 includes a second relay 131; a first end of the coil of the second relay 131 is for electrical connection with a first pole of a second power source, and a second end of the coil of the second relay 131 is for electrical connection with a second pole of the second power source; wherein, a first end of the coil of the second relay 131 is a first control end N3 of the second switch module 130, and a second end of the coil of the second relay 131 is a second control end N4 of the second switch module 130; a first terminal of a switch of the second relay 131 is electrically connected to a second terminal of the fourth resistor R4, a second terminal of the switch of the second relay 131 is electrically connected to the third terminal F3 of the first switch module 120, a third terminal of the switch of the second relay 131 is floating, and the second relay 131 is configured to disconnect the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch of the second relay 131 and connect the second terminal and the third terminal of the switch of the second relay 131 when the first terminal and the second terminal of the coil of the second relay 131 are connected.
Specifically, when the first power source and the second power source are simultaneously connected to the circuit, that is, when the first capacitor C1 starts to charge, the first terminal of the coil of the second relay 131 is energized, the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch of the second relay 131 are disconnected, and the fourth resistor R4 is not connected to the circuit. When the circuit is powered off, the first power source and the second power source are disconnected from the circuit, the first terminal of the coil of the second relay 131 is powered off, and the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch of the second relay 131 are connected, so that the fourth resistor R4 is connected into the circuit. The first switch module 120 is also powered off, the second terminal F2 of the first switch module 120 is connected to the third terminal F3, the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R1 and the fourth resistor R4 form a discharge loop, and the first capacitor C1 discharges. Two discharging resistors are included in the discharging circuit, so that when the rectifying circuit is powered off, the first capacitor C1 can be discharged quickly.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the rectification module 110 includes a first diode D2, a second diode D3, a third diode D4, and a fourth diode D5; the anode of the first diode D2 is used for connecting a first power supply, and the cathode of the first diode D2 is electrically connected with the first end B1 of the first capacitor C1; the anode of the second diode D3 is used for connecting to the first power supply, and the cathode of the second diode D3 is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor C1; an anode of the third diode D4 is electrically connected to the second terminal E2 of the first resistor R1, and a cathode of the third diode D4 is electrically connected to an anode of the first diode D2; an anode of the fourth diode D5 is electrically connected to the second terminal E2 of the first resistor R1, and a cathode of the fourth diode D5 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second diode D3.
Illustratively, the rectifier module 110 may be a rectifier bridge constructed by four diodes, the first power is input to the first diode D2, and according to the characteristic of unidirectional conduction of the diodes, the cathode of the first diode D2 outputs a positive voltage signal of the first power, and the cathode of the second diode D3 also outputs a positive voltage signal of the first power, i.e., a positive half cycle of alternating current, so that the rectifier module 110 may convert the alternating current signal of the first power into a unidirectional pulsating direct current signal, thereby achieving rectification of the first power.
The technical scheme of this embodiment, carry out the rectification back through rectifier module to the first power of input and charge for first electric capacity, the second power charges for the second electric capacity simultaneously, when just beginning to charge, zener diode's anode voltage is zero, the control end voltage of transistor is zero promptly, the transistor is in the off-state, the first end of the coil of first relay is not electrified, the second end and the third end connection of the switch of first relay, charging circuit can be inserted to first resistance, first resistance can carry out the current-limiting, thereby restrict charging current, avoid having the heavy current production between the moment. When the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor reaches the threshold voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode, the voltage stabilizing diode can be reversely broken down, at the moment, the second capacitor is continuously charged, when the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor reaches the sum of the threshold voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode and the conduction voltage of the transistor, the transistor is conducted, the first end of the coil of the first relay is electrified, the connection between the second end and the third end of the switch of the first relay is disconnected, the first end and the second end of the switch of the first relay are connected, the first end and the second end of the first resistor are connected, namely the first resistor is in short circuit connection, the first resistor cannot be connected into the charging circuit, the first power supply continuously charges the first capacitor through the rectifying module until the voltage reaches the maximum value of the first power supply, and the first capacitor can output a stable voltage signal. When the voltage of the first end of the second capacitor reaches the sum of the threshold voltage of the voltage stabilizing diode and the conduction voltage of the transistor and the voltage of the two ends of the first capacitor is larger than or equal to the preset voltage value, at the moment, the charging current passing through the first capacitor is very small and even close to zero, and therefore when the first end of the first relay is connected with the second end of the first relay, the sudden change current cannot be very large.
When the circuit is powered off, the first power supply and the second power supply are disconnected from the circuit, the first end of the coil of the second relay loses power, and the first end and the second end of the switch of the second relay are connected, so that the fourth resistor is connected into the circuit. The first switch module is also power-off, the second end of the first switch module is connected with the third end, the first capacitor, the first resistor and the fourth resistor form a discharge loop, and the first capacitor discharges. The discharge circuit comprises two discharge resistors, so that the first capacitor can discharge quickly when the rectifying circuit is powered down.
The technical scheme of the embodiment solves the problem that a short-time huge current is generated when the capacitor is charged in the rectifying circuit, and achieves the effect of limiting the charging current when the capacitor is electrified. And the problem that accidents are easily caused when the capacitor discharges untimely when the circuit is powered off is solved, the discharge is quickly finished when the circuit is powered off, and the safety of the rectifier circuit is improved.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a power supply according to a third embodiment of the present invention, where the power supply includes the rectifier circuit 10 according to any of the embodiments.
Specifically, the power supply including the rectifying circuit 10 can quickly reach a steady state after being powered on, and the charging current during charging is small, so that instantaneous large current is avoided, and false operation of an overcurrent protector in a power grid or local fluctuation of the power grid is avoided. At power down, the first capacitor C1 discharges. Two discharging resistors are included in the discharging circuit, so that when the rectifying circuit is powered off, the first capacitor C1 can be discharged quickly. The problem of the huge current of short time that produces when having solved to the electric capacity in the rectifier circuit and charge is reached the effect of the charging current of restriction when going up electricity. And the problem that accidents are easily caused when the capacitor discharges untimely when the circuit is powered off is solved, the discharge is quickly finished when the circuit is powered off, and the safety of the rectifier circuit is improved.
The power supply provided by this embodiment includes the rectifier circuit of any of the above embodiments, and the implementation principle and technical effect of the power supply provided by this embodiment are similar to those of the above embodiments, and are not described herein again.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in some detail by the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A rectifier circuit, comprising: the circuit comprises a rectifying module, a first capacitor, a first resistor and a first switch module;
the first input end and the second input end of the rectifying module are used for being connected with a first power supply, and the first output end of the rectifying module is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
the second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the second output end of the rectifying module;
the first end of the first resistor is further electrically connected with the first end of the first switch module, the second end of the first resistor is further electrically connected with the second end of the first switch module, and the first switch module is used for controlling the second end of the first switch module to be connected with the third end of the first switch module when the voltage value of the first capacitor is smaller than a preset voltage value; the first switch module is further used for controlling the connection between the first end of the first switch module and the second end of the first switch module when the voltage value of the first capacitor is greater than or equal to a preset voltage value;
the rectifying circuit also comprises a second switch module and a fourth resistor;
a first end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the first capacitor, a second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch module, and a second end of the second switch module is electrically connected with a third end of the first switch module;
the first control end of the second switch module is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, the second control end of the second switch module is used for being electrically connected with a second pole of the second power supply, and the second switch module is used for controlling the first end and the second end of the second switch module to be disconnected when the first control end of the second switch module is electrified.
2. The rectifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first switch module comprises: a control unit and a switch unit;
the first end of the control unit is electrically connected with the first control end of the switch unit and is used for controlling whether the first control end of the switch unit is electrified or not;
the second control end of the switch unit is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, the first end of the switch unit is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the switch unit is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the switch unit is used for controlling the disconnection of the second end and the third end of the switch unit and controlling the connection of the first end and the second end of the switch unit when the first control end of the switch unit is electrified.
3. The rectifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein the control unit includes: a second capacitor, a zener diode, and a transistor;
the first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, and the second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with a second pole of the second power supply;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode is electrically connected with the control end of the transistor;
the first end of the transistor is electrically connected with the first control end of the switch unit, and the second end of the transistor is electrically connected with the second pole of the second power supply.
4. The rectifier circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that the switching unit includes a first relay;
a first end of the coil of the first relay is electrically connected with a first end of the transistor, and a second end of the coil of the first relay is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply; a first end of a coil of the first relay is a first control end of the switch unit, and a second end of the coil of the first relay is a second control end of the switch unit;
the first end of the switch of the first relay is electrically connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the switch of the first relay is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the first relay is used for controlling the second end and the third end of the switch of the first relay to be disconnected when the first end and the second end of the coil are connected, and controlling the first end and the second end of the switch of the first relay to be connected.
5. The rectifier circuit of claim 3 wherein said first switching module further comprises a second resistor;
the first end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the first pole of the second power supply, and the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second capacitor.
6. The rectifier circuit of claim 3 wherein said first switching module further comprises a third resistor;
the first end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode, and the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
7. The rectifier circuit of claim 1, wherein the second switch module comprises a second relay;
a first end of a coil of the second relay is used for being electrically connected with a first pole of a second power supply, and a second end of the coil of the second relay is used for being electrically connected with a second pole of the second power supply; a first end of a coil of the second relay is a first control end of the second switch module, and a second end of the coil of the second relay is a second control end of the second switch module;
the first end of the switch of the second relay is electrically connected with the second end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the switch of the second relay is electrically connected with the third end of the first switch module, the third end of the switch of the second relay is suspended, the second relay is used for disconnecting the first end and the second end of the switch of the second relay when the first end and the second end of the coil of the second relay are connected, and the second end and the third end of the switch of the second relay are connected.
8. The rectifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier module comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, and a fourth diode;
the anode of the first diode is used for being connected with a first power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
the anode of the second diode is used for being connected with a first power supply, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the first end of the first capacitor;
the anode of the third diode is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected with the anode of the first diode;
an anode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the second end of the first resistor, and a cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the first end of the second diode.
9. A power supply comprising a rectifier circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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