CN112737331B - Automatic voltage-equalizing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter - Google Patents

Automatic voltage-equalizing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter Download PDF

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CN112737331B
CN112737331B CN202011566125.2A CN202011566125A CN112737331B CN 112737331 B CN112737331 B CN 112737331B CN 202011566125 A CN202011566125 A CN 202011566125A CN 112737331 B CN112737331 B CN 112737331B
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capacitor
diode
inductor
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extension unit
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CN112737331A (en
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邾玢鑫
刘佳欣
张耀
杨楠
马辉
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters

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Abstract

An automatic voltage-sharing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter comprises a direct current input source, a basic buck-boost converter,ma plurality of extension units with the same polarity,nand a reverse polarity voltage extension unit. The homopolar and antipolar extension units consist of an inductor and twoThe input and output gains of the converter and the voltage stress of the switching device can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the homopolar and antipolar extension units. The converter has the advantages of simple control and drive circuit, wide input and output voltage regulation range, low voltage stress of a switching device and the like, and is suitable for application occasions where positive and negative power supply output is needed for output and the change range of the input voltage and the output voltage is large.

Description

Automatic voltage-equalizing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a DC-DC converter, in particular to an automatic voltage-equalizing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter.
Background
In the application occasions with large input and output voltage changes, the input voltage can be higher than the output voltage or lower than the output voltage, and the common non-isolated Buck-Boost DC-DC converter suitable for the application occasions comprises Buck-Boost circuits, Cuk circuits, Sepic circuits and Zeta circuits. Theoretically, by adjusting the duty ratio D, the input-output gain of these converters can be varied from zero to infinity, but the boost capability of these converters is greatly limited due to the influence of the parasitic parameters of the components and circuits. At present, schemes for improving the input and output gains of the DC-DC converter are mainly constructed on the basis of Boost circuits, so that the circuits can only realize voltage output with the same polarity or the opposite polarity of a power supply at the same time. Therefore, the research on the novel bipolar wide-input-output buck-boost DC/DC converter which can realize high-gain boost and can realize bipolar output has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The non-isolated high-gain DC-DC converter aims to solve the problem that the existing non-isolated high-gain DC-DC converter cannot generate high-gain bipolar voltage at the same time. The invention provides an automatic voltage-equalizing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter, which consists of a basic buck-boost converter and a plurality of gain expansion units. The input and output gains of the converter and the voltage stress of the switching device can be adjusted by adjusting the number of the gain expansion units. The converter has the advantages of simple control and drive circuit, wide input and output voltage regulation range, low voltage stress of a switching device and the like; the power supply is suitable for application occasions where positive and negative power supply outputs are needed for output and the variation range of the input voltage and the output voltage is large.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an automatic voltage-sharing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter comprises a direct current input source, a basic buck-boost converter, m homopolar extension units and n reverse polarity voltage extension units; wherein:
the basic buck-boost converter comprises an inductor L1A capacitor C1A power switch S1A diode D1(ii) a The connection form is as follows: power switch S1Is connected to the positive pole of the DC input source, power switch S1Are respectively connected with an inductor L1One terminal and diode D1Cathode of (2), diode D1Anode and capacitor C1Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor C1The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor L1The other end of the direct current input source is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source.
The 1 st homopolar extension unit comprises an inductor LP1Diode DP1Two capacitors CP11、CP12(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CP11The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LP1One terminal of (1), diode DP1Is connected to the cathode of a diode DP1Anode and capacitor CP12Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CP12Another end of (1) and an inductor LP1The other ends of the two are connected;
the 2 nd homopolar extension unit comprises an inductor LP2Diode DP2Two capacitors CP21、CP22(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CP21The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LP2One terminal of (1), diode DP2Is connected to the cathode of a diode DP2Anode and capacitor CP22Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CP22Another end of (1) and an inductor LP2The other ends of the two are connected;
.... times, in the ith homopolar extension unit, 1< i ≦ m,
the ith homopolar extension unit comprises an inductor LPiDiode DPiTwo capacitors CPi1、CPi2(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CPi1The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LPiOne terminal of (1), diode DPiIs connected to the cathode of a diode DPiAnode and capacitor CPi2Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CPi2Another end of (1) and an inductor LPiAnd the other end of the two are connected.
The 1 st reverse polarity voltage extension unit comprises an inductor LN1Diode DN1Two capacitors CN11、CN12(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CN11The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LN1One terminal of (1), diode DN1Is connected to the cathode of a diode DN1Anode and capacitor CN12Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CN12Another end of (1) and an inductor LN1The other ends of the two are connected;
the 2 nd reverse polarity voltage extension unit comprises an inductor LN2Diode DN2Two capacitors CN21、CN22(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CN21The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LN2One terminal of (1), diode DN2Is connected to the cathode of a diode DN2Anode and capacitor CN22Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CN22Another end of (1) and an inductor LN2The other ends of the two are connected;
.... times, in the j-th reversed polarity voltage expansion unit, 1< j ≦ n,
the jth reverse polarity voltage extension unit comprises an inductor LNjDiode DNjTwo capacitors CNj1、CNj2(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CNj1The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LNjOne terminal of (1), diode DNjIs connected to the cathode of a diode DNjAnode and capacitor CNj2Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CNj2Another end of (1) and an inductor LNjAnd the other end of the two are connected.
The connection form between the extension units with the same polarity is as follows:
1<i≤capacitor C in m, i-1 th homopolar extension unitP(i-1)2And a diode DP(i-1)The intersection point of the anode and the capacitor C in the ith homopolar extension unitPi2One end of (1) and an inductor LPiThe intersection points of one ends of the two connecting rods are connected; capacitor C in i-1 th homopolar extension unitP(i-1)1One end of the first capacitor and the capacitors C in the i same-polarity extension unitsPi1Are connected at one end.
The connection form between the reversed polarity extension units is as follows:
1<j is less than or equal to n, and the capacitor C in the jth reversed polarity extension unitNj2And a diode DNjThe intersection point of the anode and the capacitor C in the (j-1) th reversed polarity extension unitN(j-1)2One end of (1) and an inductor LN(j-1)The intersection points of one ends of the two connecting rods are connected; capacitor C in jth reversed polarity extension unitNj1And the capacitor C in the (j-1) th reverse polarity extension unitN(j-1)1Are connected at one end.
The connection relationship between the 1 st homopolar extension unit and the basic buck-boost converter is as follows:
power switch S in basic buck-boost converter1Source electrode and inductor L1One terminal and diode D1The intersection point of the cathode connection and the capacitor C in the 1 st homopolar extension unitP11One end of the two ends are connected;
diode D in basic buck-boost converter1Anode and capacitor C1Respectively with the inductance L in the 1 st extension unit of the same polarityP1Another terminal of (1), a capacitor CP12And the other end of the two are connected.
The connection relationship between the 1 st reverse polarity expansion unit and the basic buck-boost converter is as follows:
power switch S in basic buck-boost converter1Source electrode and inductor L1One terminal and diode D1The intersection point of the cathode connection and the capacitor C in the 1 st reversed polarity extension unitN11One end of the two ends are connected; capacitor C in basic buck-boost converter1Another terminal of (1) and an inductance L1The other end of the first and second electrodes are connected with the diode D in the 1 st reverse polarity extension unit respectivelyN1Anode and capacitor CN12Are connected at one end.
Load RPLWith the capacitor C in the mth extension unit of the same polarityPm2One end of the direct current input source is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source;
load RNLAre respectively connected with the capacitor C in the nth reverse polarity voltage extension unitNn2The other end of the direct current input source is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source.
The invention discloses an automatic voltage-sharing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter, which has the following technical effects:
1. the voltage can be increased and decreased simultaneously, the input and output gains are high, the voltage stress of the switching device is low, and the output capacitors are connected in series and share voltage. When the current of the inductor L is continuously conducted, the following is concrete:
the homopolar output gain is:
Figure BDA0002860722430000031
the reverse polarity output gain is:
Figure BDA0002860722430000032
the maximum input-output gain is:
Figure BDA0002860722430000033
the voltage stress of the switching tube is as follows:
Figure BDA0002860722430000041
the voltage on each output capacitor is:
Figure BDA0002860722430000042
wherein: d is the duty cycle, uinIs an input voltage uoTo output a voltage usFor the voltage stress of the power switch, m is the number of homopolar extension units, n is the number of reversed polarity extension units, 0<i≤m,0≤j≤n。
2. The reference ground can simultaneously output a positive voltage and a negative voltage
3. Only 1 power switch is included, and the control strategy and the driving circuit are simple.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit topology diagram when the number of the homopolar extension units is 1 and the number of the antipolar extension units is 2 according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional buck-boost converter circuit.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing the input/output gain of the conventional Cuk converter with the same-polarity expansion unit number of 1 and the reversed-polarity expansion unit number of 2 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of an output waveform when D is 0.725 when the input voltage is 30V, the number of homopolar extension units is 1, and the number of reversed-polarity extension units is 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit topology diagram when the number of extension units m is 1 and n is 2:
an automatic voltage-sharing double-clamping type buck-boost positive and negative power supply comprises a direct current input source, two loads, a basic buck-boost converter, 1 homopolar extension unit and 2 reversed polarity voltage extension units. Wherein:
the basic buck-boost converter comprises an inductor L1A capacitor C1A power switch S1A diode D1(ii) a The connection form is as follows: power switch S1Is connected to the positive pole of the DC input source, power switch S1Are respectively connected with an inductor L1And a diode D1Cathode of (2), diode D1Anode and capacitor C1Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor C1Another terminal of (1) and an inductance L1The other end of the second switch is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source.
The homopolar and reverse polarity extension units all have the same internal structure, taking the 1 st reverse polarity extension unit as an example, the expansion unit comprises: an inductance LN1A diode DN1Two capacitors CN11、CN12. Wherein: capacitor CN11Another end of (1) and an inductor LN1And a diode DN1Is connected to the cathode of the inductor LN1Another terminal of (1) and a capacitor CN12Are connected at one end.
The connection relationship between the 1 st homopolar extension unit and the basic buck-boost converter is as follows: power switch S in basic buck-boost converter1Source and inductor L1And a diode D1The intersection point of the cathode connection and the capacitor C in the 1 st homopolar extension unitP11Are connected at one end, diode D in a basic buck-boost converter1Anode and capacitor C1The intersection point of one end of the first extension unit and the inductance L in the 1 st extension unit with the same polarityP1One terminal of and a capacitor CP12Are connected at the intersection point of one end of the connecting rod.
The connection relationship between the 1 st reverse polarity expansion unit and the basic buck-boost converter is as follows: power switch S in basic buck-boost converter1Source and inductor L1And a diode D1The intersection point of the cathode connection and the capacitor C in the 1 st reversed polarity extension unitN11Connected to one terminal of a capacitor C in a basic buck-boost converter1One terminal of (1) and an inductance L1And the intersection point of the connection of one end of the first and second electrodes and the diode D in the 1 st reverse polarity extension unitN1Anode and capacitor CN12Are connected at the intersection point of one end of the connecting rod.
Load RPLAre respectively connected with the capacitors C in the same-polarity extension unitP12One end of which is connected to ground. Load RNLAre respectively connected with the capacitor C in the reversed polarity extension unitN22The other end of which is connected to ground.
The gate of the power switch S1 is connected to its controller, and its duty cycle can be varied between 0 and 1. The on-off time of the power switch S1 can be controlled by adjusting the duty ratio, and the output voltage level can be adjusted according to the voltage balance formula of the inductor.
At the inductor L1When the current is continuously conducted, the circuit can be divided into 2 working states according to different power switch states:
1 power switch S1Conducting, diode D1、DP1、DN1、DN2Are all turned off, at the moment, the inductance L1、LP1、LN1、LN2Capacitor C1、CP12、CN12、CN22Charging, capacitance CP11、CN11、CN21Discharging; inductor L1、LP1、LN1、LN2The terminal voltage is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0002860722430000051
2: power switch S1Turn-off, diode D1、DP1、DN1、DN2Are all conducted, at this moment, the inductance L1、LP1、LN1、LN2Capacitor C1、CP12、CN12、CN22Discharge, capacitance CP11、CN11、CN21Charging; inductor L1、LP1、LN1、LN2The terminal voltage is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0002860722430000061
the circuit is divided into 2 working states, and according to the duty ratio of a controller connected to the grid of the power switch S1, the voltage level of each capacitor can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002860722430000062
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the input/output gain of the buck-boost converter with the number of the homopolar extension units of 1 and the number of the antipolar extension units of 2 according to the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, when the duty ratio is the same, the gain of the converter proposed by the present invention is twice that of the conventional converter, and bipolar voltages can be output.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of an output waveform when D is 0.725 when the input voltage is 30V, the number of homopolar extension units is 1, and the number of reverse polarity extension units is 2 according to the present invention. The feasibility of the invention is verified by simulation, and the two ends of the two resistors have opposite voltage polarities relative to the ground and the same voltage magnitude.

Claims (3)

1. An automatic voltage-sharing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter is characterized in that: the converter comprises a direct current input source, a buck-boost converter, m homopolar extension units and n reversed polarity voltage extension units; wherein:
the buck-boost converter comprises an inductor L1A capacitor C1A power switch S1A diode D1(ii) a The connection form is as follows: power switch S1Is connected to the positive pole of the DC input source, power switch S1Are respectively connected with an inductor L1One terminal and diode D1Cathode of (2), diode D1Anode and capacitor C1Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor C1The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor L1The other end of the direct current input source is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source;
the 1 st homopolar extension unit comprises an inductor LP1Diode DP1Two capacitors CP11、CP12(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CP11The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LP1One terminal of (1), diode DP1Is connected to the cathode of a diode DP1Anode and capacitor CP12Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CP12Another end of (1) and an inductor LP1The other ends of the two are connected;
the 2 nd homopolar extension unit comprises an inductor LP2Diode DP2Two capacitors CP21、CP22(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CP21The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LP2One terminal of (1), diode DP2Is connected to the cathode of a diode DP2Anode and capacitor CP22Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CP22Another end of (1) and an inductor LP2The other ends of the two are connected;
.... times, in the ith homopolar extension unit, 1< i ≦ m,
the ith homopolar extension unit comprises an inductor LPiDiode DPiTwo capacitors CPi1、CPi2(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CPi1The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LPiOne terminal of (1), diode DPiIs connected to the cathode of a diode DPiAnode and capacitor CPi2Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CPi2Another end of (1) and an inductor LPiThe other ends of the two are connected;
the 1 st reverse polarity voltage extension unit comprises an inductor LN1Diode DN1Two capacitors CN11、CN12(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CN11The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LN1One terminal of (1), diode DN1Is connected to the cathode of a diode DN1Anode and capacitor CN12Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CN12Another end of (1) and an inductor LN1The other ends of the two are connected;
the 2 nd reverse polarity voltage extension unit comprises an inductor LN2Diode DN2Two capacitors CN21、CN22(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CN21The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LN2One terminal of (1), diode DN2Is connected to the cathode of a diode DN2Anode and capacitor CN22Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CN22Another end of (1) and an inductor LN2The other ends of the two are connected;
.... times, in the j-th reversed polarity voltage expansion unit, 1< j ≦ n,
the jth reverse polarity voltage extension unit comprises an inductor LNjDiode DNjTwo capacitors CNj1、CNj2(ii) a Wherein, the capacitor CNj1The other end of the first and second inductors are respectively connected with the inductor LNjOne terminal of (1), diode DNjIs connected to the cathode of a diode DNjAnode and capacitor CNj2Is connected to one terminal of a capacitor CNj2Another end of (1) and an inductor LNjThe other ends of the two are connected;
the connection form between the extension units with the same polarity is as follows:
1<i is less than or equal to m, and the capacitor C in the i-1 th homopolar extension unitP(i-1)2And a diode DP(i-1)The intersection point of the anode and the capacitor C in the ith homopolar extension unitPi2One end of (1) and an inductor LPiThe intersection points of one ends of the two connecting rods are connected; capacitor C in i-1 th homopolar extension unitP(i-1)1One end of the first capacitor and the capacitors C in the i same-polarity extension unitsPi1One end of the two ends are connected;
the connection form between the reversed polarity extension units is as follows:
1<j is less than or equal to n, and the capacitor C in the jth reversed polarity extension unitNj2And a diode DNjThe intersection point of the anode and the capacitor C in the (j-1) th reversed polarity extension unitN(j-1)2One end of (1) and an inductor LN(j-1)The intersection points of one ends of the two connecting rods are connected; capacitor C in jth reversed polarity extension unitNj1And the capacitor C in the (j-1) th reverse polarity extension unitN(j-1)1One end of the two ends are connected;
the connection relationship between the 1 st homopolar extension unit and the buck-boost converter is as follows:
power switch S in buck-boost converter1Source electrode and inductor L1One terminal and diode D1The intersection point of the cathode connection and the capacitor C in the 1 st homopolar extension unitP11One end of the two ends are connected;
diode D in buck-boost converter1Anode and capacitor C1Respectively with the inductance L in the 1 st extension unit of the same polarityP1Another terminal of (1), a capacitor CP12The other ends of the two are connected;
the connection relationship between the 1 st reverse polarity expansion unit and the buck-boost converter is as follows:
power switch S in buck-boost converter1Source electrode and inductor L1One terminal and diode D1The intersection point of the cathode connection and the capacitor C in the 1 st reversed polarity extension unitN11One end of the two ends are connected; capacitor C in buck-boost converter1Another terminal of (1) and an inductance L1The other end of the first and second electrodes are connected with the 1 st reversed polarity extension sheet respectivelyDiode D in elementN1Anode and capacitor CN12One end of the two ends are connected;
load RPLWith the capacitor C in the mth extension unit of the same polarityPm2One end of the direct current input source is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source;
load RNLAre respectively connected with the capacitor C in the nth reverse polarity voltage extension unitNn2The other end of the direct current input source is connected with the cathode of the direct current input source.
2. The automatic voltage-sharing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein:
the gate of the power switch S1 is connected to a controller, the duty cycle of which varies between 0 and 1.
3. The automatic voltage-sharing bipolar buck-boost DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein:
when the number of expansion units m is 1 and n is 2, the inductance L is formed1When the current is continuously conducted, the circuit is divided into 2 working states according to the different states of the power switch:
(1): power switch S1Conducting, diode D1、DP1、DN1、DN2Are all turned off, at the moment, the inductance L1、LP1、LN1、LN2Capacitor CP12、CN12、CN22Charging, capacitance C1、CP11、CN11、CN21Discharging; inductor L1、LP1、LN1、LN2The terminal voltage is shown as follows:
Figure FDA0003317363230000031
(2): power switch S1Turn-off, diode D1、DP1、DN1、DN2Are all conducted, at this moment, the inductance L1、LP1、LN1、LN2Capacitor CP12、CN12、CN22Discharge, capacitance C1、CP11、CN11、CN21Charging; inductor L1、LP1、LN1、LN2The terminal voltage is shown as follows:
Figure FDA0003317363230000032
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