CN112736389A - Novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation - Google Patents
Novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation Download PDFInfo
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
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- H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
- H01P1/39—Hollow waveguide circulators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation, wherein a metal step is designed into a slope structure comprising three steps, a medium supporting body is designed into a cylinder shape, and the waveguide circulator junction matching structure can be optimized by designing the height and the gradient of the metal step and the height and the thickness of the medium supporting body, so that the good matching of a circulator port is realized, and the purpose of improving the bandwidth and the isolation of a circulator is realized; moreover, multiple reflections in the cylindrical medium support body can improve the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator; in addition, the slope type metal step matching structure can improve the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator, so that the circulator is suitable for an aerospace high-power microwave communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of design of circulators, in particular to a novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation.
Background
Radar is widely used in military and civil fields, such as ranging, target detection and imaging. The duplexer is a core component of a radar transceiving system, and the circulator is used as a duplexer and has an irreplaceable role in a radar communication system. In the field of aerospace microwave communication, with the further increase of satellite communication load, the possibility of micro-discharge of a microwave component is higher and higher, and a circulator is a weak link of micro-discharge, so that higher requirements on the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator are provided.
The circulator is a three-port nonreciprocal microwave device and can realize simultaneous same-frequency full duplex communication. As shown in fig. 1, a signal input from port 1 (shown as a in fig. 1) is output from port 2 (shown as B in fig. 1), and port 3 (shown as C in fig. 1) is in an isolated state; a signal input from a port 2 (shown as B in fig. 1) is output from a port 3 (shown as C in fig. 1), and a port 1 (shown as a in fig. 1) is in an isolated state; by analogy, a circuit is formed (as shown by the arrow in fig. 1).
In a future 6G network, a wide-area Internet of things is required to be realized, namely, the interconnection of everything and the satellite-ground integrated communication are realized, and a new-generation mobile communication network integrating airspace, ground and ocean in three dimensions is constructed. This puts higher demands on the communication system, and the highly reliable and low-delay transmission technology will become the key of the system design. To realize low latency technology, simultaneous co-frequency full duplex communication technology must be adopted. The current time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing technology can hardly meet the low delay requirement of the 6G communication network, so that a duplexer must be adopted. The isolation of the current circulator is low, and the application range of the circulator is severely limited. To increase the isolation of the circulator, a good match between the circulator junction and the waveguide must be achieved. The matching structure adopted at present is a right-angled cylindrical metal step matching structure.
The common four waveguide circulator junction matching structures are shown in fig. 2, where 101 in fig. 2 is ferrite, 102 is a solid medium, and 103 is a metal step. The four circulator junction matching structures have less adjustable freedom, and when the size of one matching structure is changed, the size of the other matching structure is often directly influenced, for example, as shown in (b) in fig. 2, when the height of the solid medium 102 is adjusted, the height of the metal step 103 is changed, which brings certain difficulty to the structural optimization of the circulator, and the design with large bandwidth and high isolation is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing a large bandwidth and high isolation, so as to realize a good matching between the circulator junction and the waveguide, thereby improving the bandwidth and isolation of the circulator, and improving the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator.
The invention provides a novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation, which comprises: the device comprises an upper metal step, a lower metal step, a medium support body, a cylindrical upper ferrite and a cylindrical lower ferrite, wherein the upper metal step and the lower metal step are oppositely arranged, the medium support body is positioned between the two metal steps, the cylindrical upper ferrite is positioned between the medium support body and the upper metal step, and the cylindrical lower ferrite is positioned between the medium support body and the lower metal step; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower metal step consists of an upper first circular truncated cone, a middle first circular truncated cone and a lower first circular truncated cone which are placed right at the bottom, the area of the upper bottom surface of the middle first circular truncated cone is equal to that of the lower bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone, the area of the lower bottom surface of the middle first circular truncated cone is equal to that of the upper bottom surface of the lower first circular truncated cone, the inclination angle of the middle first circular truncated cone is smaller than that of the upper first circular truncated cone and the lower first circular truncated cone, and the three first circular truncated cones are of; the upper bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone is bonded with the lower ferrite, and the area of the upper bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone is equal to that of the bottom surface of the lower ferrite; the lower first round table and the waveguide cavity are of an integrated structure;
the upper metal step is an inverted structure of the lower metal step; the upper metal step consists of an upper inverted second circular truncated cone, a middle inverted second circular truncated cone and a lower inverted second circular truncated cone, the area of the upper bottom surface of the middle second circular truncated cone is equal to that of the lower bottom surface of the upper second circular truncated cone, the area of the lower bottom surface of the middle second circular truncated cone is equal to that of the upper bottom surface of the lower second circular truncated cone, the inclination angle of the middle second circular truncated cone is smaller than that of the upper second circular truncated cone and the lower second circular truncated cone, and the three second circular truncated cones are of an integral structure; the lower bottom surface of the lower second circular table is bonded with the upper ferrite, and the area of the lower bottom surface of the lower second circular table is equal to that of the bottom surface of the upper ferrite; the second round platform on the upper surface and the waveguide cavity are of an integrated structure;
the medium support body is respectively bonded with the upper ferrite and the lower ferrite, and the thicknesses of the upper ferrite and the lower ferrite are equal.
In a possible implementation manner, in the above novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the present invention, the dielectric support is cylindrical.
In a possible implementation manner, in the above novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing a large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the present invention, the material of the dielectric support is aluminum nitride.
In a possible implementation manner, in the above novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing a large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the present invention, the material of the upper metal step and the lower metal step is aluminum.
The invention also provides a novel waveguide circulator for realizing the large-bandwidth high-isolation degree, which comprises the junction matching structure of the novel waveguide circulator for realizing the large-bandwidth high-isolation degree.
According to the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing the large bandwidth and the high isolation, the metal step is designed into a slope type structure comprising three steps, the medium supporting body is designed into a hollow cylinder shape, and the structure of the waveguide circulator junction matching structure can be optimized by designing the height and the gradient of the metal step and the height and the thickness of the medium supporting body, so that the good matching of a circulator port is realized, the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator are further improved, compared with the traditional cylindrical metal step and the cylindrical medium supporting body, the structure can be adjusted freely, the good matching of the circulator port is favorably realized, and the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator are further improved; moreover, multiple reflections in the cylindrical medium support body can improve the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator; in addition, the ferrite is tightly attached to the metal step, and the medium support body adopts a cylindrical structure, so that the heat dissipation of the ferrite is facilitated, and the ferrite is more suitable for high-power application scenes. The novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention can be applied to full-duplex transceivers, such as radar and satellite communication systems; the method can also be applied to a future 6G full duplex communication system to realize simultaneous same-frequency full duplex communication, so that not only can frequency resources be saved, but also signal delay can be reduced and communication quality can be improved; in addition, the slope type metal step matching structure can improve the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator, so that the circulator is suitable for an aerospace high-power microwave communication system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circulator three-port network;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a common junction matching structure for four waveguide circulators;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a junction matching structure of a novel waveguide circulator with a large bandwidth and high isolation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a novel waveguide circulator with large bandwidth and high isolation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the exit angle probability density distribution of secondary electrons in a microwave part;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectory of secondary electrons in a junction matching structure of a novel waveguide circulator with large bandwidth and high isolation according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectory of the secondary electrons in the waveguide circulator junction matching structure shown in (b) of fig. 2.
Description of reference numerals: the waveguide circulator comprises an upper metal step 1, a lower metal step 2, a medium support body 3, an upper ferrite 4, a lower ferrite 5, three first round tables 6a, 6b and 6c, a waveguide cavity 7, three second round tables 8a, 8b and 8c and a waveguide circulator junction matching structure 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation, as shown in fig. 3, comprising: an upper metal step 1 and a lower metal step 2 which are oppositely arranged, a medium support body 3 positioned between the two metal steps, a cylindrical upper ferrite 4 positioned between the medium support body 3 and the upper metal step 1, and a cylindrical lower ferrite 5 positioned between the medium support body 3 and the lower metal step 2; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower metal step 2 is composed of an upper, a middle and a lower three first circular truncated cones 6a, 6b and 6c which are placed right at the right angles (namely the area of the upper bottom surface of each circular truncated cone is smaller than that of the lower bottom surface), the area of the upper bottom surface of the middle first circular truncated cone 6b is equal to that of the lower bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone 6a, the area of the lower bottom surface of the middle first circular truncated cone 6b is equal to that of the upper bottom surface of the lower first circular truncated cone 6c, the inclination angle of the middle first circular truncated cone 6b (namely the included angle between the generatrix and the bottom surface of each circular truncated cone) is smaller than that of the upper and lower first circular truncated cones 6a and 6c, and the three first circular truncated cones 6; the upper bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone 6a is bonded with the lower ferrite 5, and the area of the upper bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone 6a is equal to that of the bottom surface of the lower ferrite 5; as shown in fig. 4, the lower first truncated cone 6c and the waveguide cavity 7 are of an integral structure;
the upper metal step 1 is an inverted structure of the lower metal step 2; the upper metal step 1 is composed of an upper, a middle and a lower inverted second round tables 8a, 8b and 8c (namely the area of the upper bottom surface of each round table is larger than that of the lower bottom surface), the area of the upper bottom surface of the middle second round table 8b is equal to that of the lower bottom surface of the upper second round table 8a, the area of the lower bottom surface of the middle second round table 8b is equal to that of the upper bottom surface of the lower second round table 8c, the inclination angle of the middle second round table 8b (namely the included angle between the generatrix and the bottom surface of each round table) is smaller than that of the upper and the lower second round tables 8a and 8c, and the three second round tables 8a, 8b and 8c are of an integral structure; the lower bottom surface of the lower second round platform 8c is bonded with the upper ferrite 4, and the area of the lower bottom surface of the lower second round platform 8c is equal to that of the bottom surface of the upper ferrite 4; as shown in fig. 4, the upper second round table 8a and the waveguide cavity 7 are of an integral structure;
the medium support body 3 is respectively bonded with the upper ferrite 4 and the lower ferrite 5, the thicknesses of the upper ferrite 4 and the lower ferrite 5 are equal, namely, the whole waveguide circulator is in an up-down symmetrical structure.
According to the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing the large bandwidth and the high isolation, the metal step is designed into a slope type structure (namely a structure with three round tables) comprising three steps, the structure of the waveguide circulator junction matching structure can be optimized by designing the height and the gradient of the metal step (namely the inclination angle of the round table), so that the good matching of a circulator port is realized, and the purpose of improving the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator is further realized. And the ferrite clings to the metal step, and the metal is a good thermal conductor, so the design is favorable for the heat dissipation of the ferrite, and the ferrite is more suitable for high-power application scenes.
It should be noted that the heights and slopes of the metal steps of the three circular truncated cone structures need to be optimized according to actual design indexes to determine final values, and specifically, the Structure of the waveguide circulator junction matching Structure may be optimized through High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software.
The junction matching structure of the waveguide circulator for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention is described in detail below for improving the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator. In the space environment, free electrons exist inside the microwave part (such as a circulator), and the free electrons collide with the surface of a material (such as a ferrite surface, a dielectric support surface or a metal step surface) in the microwave part under the action of an electromagnetic field, so that secondary electrons are excited. From the physical process analysis of secondary electron emission, the exit angle α of the secondary electron follows cos (α) cosine distribution, as shown in fig. 5, α is the angle between the exit direction of the secondary electron and the normal direction of the material surface, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the probability that the secondary electron exits from the normal direction of the material surface (i.e., α ═ 0 °) is the largest, in other words, the number of secondary electrons exiting from the normal direction of the material surface is the largest. As shown in fig. 6, the velocity of the secondary electron e exiting from the normal direction of the slope surface of the upper metal step 1 and the lower metal step 2 has a velocity component in the x direction (i.e., toward the waveguide direction), and this velocity component can make the secondary electron e fly out of the microdischarge sensitive region (i.e., the circulator junction) and enter the waveguide cavity 7, so that the microdischarge resistance of the circulator can be improved. Whereas for the right-angled metal step 103 as shown in fig. 2 (b), the component of the velocity of the secondary electron e exiting from the normal to the surface of the metal step 103 in the x direction is zero as shown in fig. 7, and the secondary electron e cannot fly out of the microdischarge sensitive region (i.e., the circulator junction) into the waveguide cavity 104. In conclusion, the slope type metal step matching structure is more beneficial to secondary electrons flying out of a micro-discharge sensitive area and entering a waveguide cavity, so that the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator is improved. And because of the slope type metal step matching structure, the distance between the upper metal step and the lower metal step is gradually changed, so that the resonance condition between the electron transit time and the radio frequency field is destroyed (the transit time is odd times of the half period of the radio frequency field), and the micro-discharge threshold can be improved.
In the implementation, in the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention, the dielectric support body can be a solid cylindrical structure.
Preferably, in order to further improve the bandwidth and isolation of the circulator, in the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention, the dielectric support body can be designed into a hollow cylindrical shape. The advantages of such a design include the following three aspects: firstly, the structure of the waveguide circulator junction matching structure can be optimized by designing the height and the thickness of the medium support body, so that the good matching of the circulator port is realized, and the purpose of improving the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator is further realized; secondly, the electromagnetic wave can be reflected for multiple times in the cylindrical medium support body, and the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator can be improved by selecting proper inner diameter and outer diameter according to a small reflection theory; thirdly, the medium supporting body adopts a cylindrical structure, which is more beneficial to the heat dissipation of the circulator.
It should be noted that the height and thickness of the cylindrical dielectric support body need to be optimized according to actual design criteria to determine final values, and in particular, the structure of the waveguide circulator junction matching structure can be optimized by HFSS software.
In specific implementation, in the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention, the material of the medium support body can be polytetrafluoroethylene, aluminum nitride and the like, and preferably, the material of the medium support body is preferably the aluminum nitride with better heat dissipation performance, so that the heat dissipation of ferrite is facilitated, and the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure is more suitable for high-power application scenes.
In the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation, the upper metal step and the lower metal step can be made of metal materials such as aluminum, copper or silver. Since the aluminum material is light in weight and low in cost, the upper and lower metal steps are preferably made of aluminum material, and in practice, silver plating is generally performed to reduce loss.
In specific implementation, in the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention, the upper metal step and the upper ferrite can be connected together through high temperature resistant glue; similarly, the lower metal step and the lower ferrite can be connected together through high temperature resistant glue; also, the medium support body can be respectively bonded with the upper ferrite and the lower ferrite through high-temperature-resistant glue.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a novel waveguide circulator for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation, as shown in fig. 4, comprising the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure 9 for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention.
The specific implementation of the novel waveguide circulator with large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the present invention is similar to the specific implementation of the junction matching structure of the novel waveguide circulator with large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the present invention, and is not described herein again.
According to the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing the large bandwidth and the high isolation, the metal step is designed into a slope type structure comprising three steps, the medium supporting body is designed into a hollow cylinder shape, and the structure of the waveguide circulator junction matching structure can be optimized by designing the height and the gradient of the metal step and the height and the thickness of the medium supporting body, so that the good matching of a circulator port is realized, the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator are further improved, compared with the traditional cylindrical metal step and the cylindrical medium supporting body, the structure can be adjusted freely, the good matching of the circulator port is favorably realized, and the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator are further improved; moreover, multiple reflections in the cylindrical medium support body can improve the bandwidth and the isolation of the circulator; in addition, the ferrite is tightly attached to the metal step, and the medium support body adopts a cylindrical structure, so that the heat dissipation of the ferrite is facilitated, and the ferrite is more suitable for high-power application scenes. The novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation provided by the invention can be applied to full-duplex transceivers, such as radar and satellite communication systems; the method can also be applied to a future 6G full duplex communication system to realize simultaneous same-frequency full duplex communication, so that not only can frequency resources be saved, but also signal delay can be reduced and communication quality can be improved; in addition, the slope type metal step matching structure can improve the micro-discharge resistance of the circulator, so that the circulator is suitable for an aerospace high-power microwave communication system.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an upper metal step, a lower metal step, a medium support body, a cylindrical upper ferrite and a cylindrical lower ferrite, wherein the upper metal step and the lower metal step are oppositely arranged, the medium support body is positioned between the two metal steps, the cylindrical upper ferrite is positioned between the medium support body and the upper metal step, and the cylindrical lower ferrite is positioned between the medium support body and the lower metal step; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower metal step consists of an upper first circular truncated cone, a middle first circular truncated cone and a lower first circular truncated cone which are placed right at the bottom, the area of the upper bottom surface of the middle first circular truncated cone is equal to that of the lower bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone, the area of the lower bottom surface of the middle first circular truncated cone is equal to that of the upper bottom surface of the lower first circular truncated cone, the inclination angle of the middle first circular truncated cone is smaller than that of the upper first circular truncated cone and the lower first circular truncated cone, and the three first circular truncated cones are of; the upper bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone is bonded with the lower ferrite, and the area of the upper bottom surface of the upper first circular truncated cone is equal to that of the bottom surface of the lower ferrite; the lower first round table and the waveguide cavity are of an integrated structure;
the upper metal step is an inverted structure of the lower metal step; the upper metal step consists of an upper inverted second circular truncated cone, a middle inverted second circular truncated cone and a lower inverted second circular truncated cone, the area of the upper bottom surface of the middle second circular truncated cone is equal to that of the lower bottom surface of the upper second circular truncated cone, the area of the lower bottom surface of the middle second circular truncated cone is equal to that of the upper bottom surface of the lower second circular truncated cone, the inclination angle of the middle second circular truncated cone is smaller than that of the upper second circular truncated cone and the lower second circular truncated cone, and the three second circular truncated cones are of an integral structure; the lower bottom surface of the lower second circular table is bonded with the upper ferrite, and the area of the lower bottom surface of the lower second circular table is equal to that of the bottom surface of the upper ferrite; the second round platform on the upper surface and the waveguide cavity are of an integrated structure;
the medium support body is respectively bonded with the upper ferrite and the lower ferrite, and the thicknesses of the upper ferrite and the lower ferrite are equal.
2. The novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for achieving large bandwidth and high isolation of claim 1 wherein the dielectric support is cylindrical.
3. The novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation of claim 1 wherein the material of the dielectric support is aluminum nitride.
4. The novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure for realizing large bandwidth and high isolation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the material of the upper metal step and the lower metal step is aluminum.
5. A novel waveguide circulator realizing large bandwidth and high isolation, which is characterized by comprising the novel waveguide circulator junction matching structure realizing large bandwidth and high isolation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
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