CN109411892B - Dual-band absorbing frequency selective surface system and design method, aircraft - Google Patents
Dual-band absorbing frequency selective surface system and design method, aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN109411892B CN109411892B CN201811045174.4A CN201811045174A CN109411892B CN 109411892 B CN109411892 B CN 109411892B CN 201811045174 A CN201811045174 A CN 201811045174A CN 109411892 B CN109411892 B CN 109411892B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0046—Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
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Abstract
本发明属于微波技术与飞行器隐身技术领域，公开了一种双频带吸波频率选择表面系统及设计方法、飞行器，所述双频带吸波频率选择表面系统设置有：介质支撑板；设置在介质支撑板上表面的周期排布的电阻薄膜方形环以及设置在介质支撑板下表面的圆环形槽频率选择表面；圆环形槽频率选择表面包括介质板以及介质板上表面的不记厚度的金属层，金属层上开周期排布的圆环槽。本发明可实现k频段透波/双频带吸波；阵元图案紧凑，斜入射条件下稳定性好；本发明的结构简单，与多层结构相比；只有上层的电阻膜、中层的介质支撑板以及下层的频率选择表面，相比而言更轻巧，剖面更低；透波和吸波频带之间的过渡带小，吸波效果好。
The invention belongs to the field of microwave technology and aircraft stealth technology, and discloses a dual-band wave absorbing frequency selective surface system and design method, and an aircraft. The dual-band wave absorbing frequency selective surface system is provided with: a medium support plate; Periodically arranged square rings of resistive films on the upper surface of the board and an annular groove frequency selection surface arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric support plate; the annular groove frequency selection surface includes the dielectric board and the metal without thickness on the upper surface of the dielectric board layer, circular grooves arranged periodically on the metal layer. The invention can realize k-band wave transmission/dual-band wave absorption; the array element pattern is compact, and the stability under oblique incidence conditions is good; the structure of the invention is simple, compared with the multi-layer structure; only the upper resistive film and the middle layer are supported by the medium The frequency-selective surface of the plate and the lower layer is lighter in comparison and has a lower profile; the transition band between the wave-transmitting and wave-absorbing frequency bands is small, and the wave-absorbing effect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave technology and aircraft stealth technology, and particularly relates to a dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selection surface system, a design method and an aircraft.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that: for aircraft targets, the threat when encountering enemy radar detection comes mainly from the nose cone direction, and the radar antenna system of the aircraft is one of the main scattering sources of the direction, so that it is important for the aircraft to reduce the RCS of the radar antenna system. At present, a frequency selection surface is loaded on an antenna cover of a radar, radar incoming waves in main threat directions are reflected to other directions to achieve the purpose of stealth, and the stealth of the antenna system can be effectively realized in the face of single-base-station radar detection. However, the stealth method cannot realize omnibearing stealth, and RCS is increased from some view angles, so that a reverse stealth technology aiming at the defects of the stealth technology is gradually developed, and in the case, a wave-absorbing frequency selection surface is developed afterwards, and the effect of in-band wave-transmitting/out-of-band wave-absorbing is realized by loading the frequency selection surface on a metal reflecting surface of a wave-absorbing structure. The upper layer structure of the wave absorber generally adopts methods such as a resistance film or a loaded lumped resistor; the frequency selection unit is generally classified into a patch type and an aperture type, and the etched pattern forms are various, wherein the circular ring pattern has a compact structure and good stability under oblique incidence, so that the application is wide. However, the existing research results are mainly low-frequency-band wave-transmitting/high-frequency-band wave-absorbing, while the high-frequency-band wave-transmitting/dual-frequency-band wave-absorbing has few research results, and the problems of poor wave-transmitting effect, wave-absorbing/wave-transmitting transition bandwidth and the like exist.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the existing wave-absorbing frequency selection surface has poor wave-transmitting effect and wave-absorbing/wave-transmitting transition bandwidth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selection surface system, a design method and an aircraft.
The invention is realized in this way, a dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system, which is provided with:
a media support plate;
the resistance film square rings are arranged on the upper surface of the medium supporting plate in a periodic arrangement mode, and the circular groove frequency selection surface is arranged on the lower surface of the medium supporting plate;
the circular groove frequency selection surface comprises a dielectric slab and a metal layer with thickness not recorded on the upper surface of the dielectric slab, and circular grooves which are periodically distributed are formed in the metal layer.
Further, the center frequency of the resistor film square ring is 20 GHz; the outer side length a1 of the square ring is 12.7mm, the inner side length a2 of the square ring is 8mm, the half-distance D1 of the adjacent square rings of the resistor film is 0.5mm, and the surface resistance R of the resistor film is 75 omega/□.
Further, the resonance point of the circular ring groove frequency selection surface is adjusted to 20 GHz; the outer radius of the ring R1 is 2.4mm, the inner radius of the ring R2 is 1.8mm, and the half-distance D2 between adjacent ring grooves is 2.6 mm.
Furthermore, the size of the resistor film square ring unit is 15mm, the size of the frequency selection surface unit is 10mm, the side length size ratio is 3:2, and the number of the units is 4:9 and is placed above and below the medium supporting plate to form a cell;
the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is 2.65, and the thickness is 0.5 mm;
the medium supporting plate is a light foam plate, the relative dielectric constant is 1.07, and the thickness is 7.5 mm.
Further, the circular ring-shaped groove frequency selection surface is of a microstrip plate structure;
the microstrip plate structure is composed of a dielectric plate and a metal layer with the thickness not being counted on the upper layer of the dielectric plate, and the metal layer is provided with a circular groove with a periodic structure.
Furthermore, the size of the wave absorber structure and the size of the frequency selective surface unit form a rational proportion, and the resistance film square ring and the annular groove frequency selective surface are respectively arranged above and below the medium supporting plate according to the size proportion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a design method of the dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system, which includes:
selecting a resistor film square ring according to the wave-absorbing characteristic, adjusting a transparent band of the resistor film square ring to a k frequency band, and determining the size;
step two, adjusting a resonance point to a frequency band k by adopting a form of an open circular groove on a frequency selection surface, and determining the size of the resonance point;
and thirdly, placing the resistor film square ring and the annular groove frequency selection surface with the determined sizes on the upper and lower medium supporting plates in proportion to form a cellular, optimizing the performance and finishing the design.
The invention also aims to provide an aircraft applying the dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system.
The invention also aims to provide an unmanned aerial vehicle applying the dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: finding out the law of a non-wave-absorbing transparent band generated by a wave absorber through the wave absorbing characteristic of the square ring of the resistance film, and adjusting the position of the transparent band and the resonance point of the frequency selection surface to enable the central frequencies of the transparent band and the frequency selection surface to be in a k frequency band; the square ring of the resistance film with the determined size and the frequency selection surface of the annular groove are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the medium supporting plate in proportion to form a cellular, so that the wave-absorbing frequency selection surface design of wave-transmitting in the k frequency band and wave-absorbing in the double frequency bands on two sides of the wave-transmitting frequency band is realized.
The invention can realize the wave-transparent/double-frequency-band wave-absorbing of the k frequency band; the array element pattern is compact, and the stability is good under the oblique incidence condition; the invention has simple structure, compared with multilayer structure; only the upper resistive film, the middle medium supporting plate and the lower frequency selection surface are lighter and have lower sections; the transition band between the wave-transmitting frequency band and the wave-absorbing frequency band is small, and the wave-absorbing effect is good.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a resistor film square ring; 2. a media support plate; 3. a circular groove frequency selective surface; 4. a metal layer; 5. a dielectric plate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistor film square ring according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency selective surface ring groove according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a design method of a dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of reflection characteristics and transmission characteristics of the wave absorption frequency surface under the normal incidence conditions of the TE polarized wave and the TM polarized wave according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a S11 parameter diagram of the wave absorption frequency surface under the condition of TE polarization at oblique incidence according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a S12 parameter diagram of the wave absorption frequency surface under the condition of the TE polarized wave being in the oblique-in condition according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of S11 parameters of a wave-absorbing frequency surface under TM polarized waves under a ramp-in condition, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a S12 parameter diagram of the TM polarized wave under the ramp-in condition of the wave absorption frequency surface provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The wave-absorbing frequency selective surface aims at the problems of poor wave-transmitting effect and wave-absorbing/wave-transmitting transition bandwidth of the existing wave-absorbing frequency selective surface. The wave-absorbing frequency selective surface can be used as a dual-band wave-absorbing structure and can also be used as a planar invisible antenna housing. The wave-transmitting frequency band and the wave-absorbing frequency band can be changed by adjusting the size parameters of each unit, and the method has strong adaptability.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: resistance film square ring 1, medium backup pad 2, circular ring groove frequency selective surface 3.
The resistor film square rings 1 are arranged on the upper surface of the medium support plate 2 and are periodically arranged, and the circular groove frequency selection surface 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the medium support plate 2.
The circular groove frequency selection surface 3 comprises a dielectric plate 5 and a metal layer 4 with thickness not recorded on the upper surface of the dielectric plate 5, and circular grooves which are periodically distributed are formed on the metal layer 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistor film square ring, where a1 is the outer side length of the square ring, a2 is the inner side length of the square ring, and D1 is the half-distance between adjacent resistor film square rings. The center frequency of the non-wave-absorbing transparent band of the square ring of the resistance film is adjusted to 20GHz, and the size of the transparent band is as follows: the thickness of the resistor film is 12.7mm for a1 mm, 8mm for a2 mm, 0.5mm for D1, and 75 Ω/□ for the surface resistance R of the resistor film.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a frequency selective surface circular groove, wherein R1 is the outer radius of the circular ring, R2 is the inner radius of the circular ring, and D2 is the half-distance between adjacent circular grooves. Adjusting the resonance point to 20GHz, wherein the size is as follows: r1-2.4 mm, R2-1.8 mm, D2-2.6 mm.
Optimizing the proportion of the resistor film square ring unit and the annular groove unit, as shown in figure 1: the optimized resistor film square ring unit size is 15mm, the frequency selection surface unit size is 10mm, and the side length size ratio is 3:2, so that the number of units is placed on the upper portion and the lower portion of the medium supporting plate according to the ratio of 4:9 to form a cellular unit. Wherein, the dielectric plate (c) has a relative dielectric constant of 2.65 and a thickness of 0.5 mm; the medium support plate is a light foam plate, the relative dielectric constant is 1.07, the thickness is 7.5mm, the light foam plate has small density and high strength, and the quality of the whole wave-absorbing frequency selection surface can be reduced while the light foam plate plays an effective supporting role; adopt the film of very thin thickness to fix resistance film quad ring, light foam board and inhale the wave frequency selection surface, ensure to bond firmly and do not have the air gap.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the circular ring-shaped groove frequency selective surface 3 is a microstrip plate structure, the microstrip plate structure is composed of a dielectric plate and a metal layer with the thickness of the upper layer of the dielectric plate being not counted, wherein the metal layer is provided with a circular ring groove with a periodic structure;
in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the square ring resistance film wave absorber structure can generate wave absorbing frequency band and 'transparent band' which can not absorb wave completely along with the increase of frequency, the position of the 'transparent band' can be regulated and controlled by the distance d between the resistance film and the frequency selection surface, wave transmission in k frequency band can be realized by the characteristic, and the wide frequency band at two sides of the frequency band can absorb wave;
in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium supporting plate 2 is a lightweight foam plate;
in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dimensions of the absorber structure and the frequency selective surface elements are in a rational ratio, and then the resistive thin film square ring and the annular groove frequency selective surface are placed above and below the dielectric support plate in a size ratio.
As shown in fig. 4, the design method of the dual-band wave-absorbing frequency selective surface system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s401: selecting a resistor film square ring according to the wave-absorbing characteristic, adjusting a transparent band of the resistor film square ring to a k frequency band, and determining the size of the resistor film square ring;
s402: the frequency selection surface adopts a form of an open circular groove, the resonance point is adjusted to the k frequency band, and the size of the frequency selection surface is determined;
s403: the resistor film square ring and the annular groove frequency selection surface with the determined sizes are placed on the medium supporting plate and the medium supporting plate in proportion to form a cellular, the performance is optimized, and the design is completed.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The electromagnetic performance of the electromagnetic wave is detected by investigating the transmission characteristics and the reflection characteristics of the wave absorption frequency selection surface of the incident electromagnetic wave under different polarization states and different incident angles.
The transmission coefficient S12 and the reflection coefficient S11 of the wave-absorbing frequency selection surface under the vertical irradiation of TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves are shown in figure 5, at least 10dB wave-absorbing effect can be achieved in the frequency bands of 4.4GHz-13.8GHz and 25GHz-32GHz, the insertion loss of the wave-transmitting frequency band is 1.7dB, and the wave-transmitting performance needs to be improved; the transmission coefficient S12 and the reflection coefficient S11 of the wave-absorbing frequency selective surface under TE polarization waves, TM polarization waves and oblique incidence are shown in figures 6 to 9, the absorption effect under the TE polarization condition is basically unchanged, the wave-absorbing effect under the TM polarization condition is basically unchanged from 0 degree to 20 degrees, and the wave-absorbing effect under the TM polarization condition from 20 degrees to 40 degrees is poor. The difference of wave absorbing and wave transmitting performance under different polarization conditions is that the electric field direction during oblique incidence of TE polarization is always parallel to the wave absorbing frequency selection surface, and the included angle between the electric field direction during TM polarization and the wave absorbing frequency selection surface is increased along with the incidence angle, so that the out-of-band wave absorbing and in-band loss effects under TE polarization are stronger than those of TM polarization.
The wave-absorbing frequency selection surface provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used as a dual-band wave-absorbing structure and can also be used as a planar invisible antenna housing. The wave-transmitting frequency band and the wave-absorbing frequency band can be changed by adjusting the size parameters of each unit, and the method has strong adaptability.
The invention adopts the aperture type, and according to the equivalent circuit principle, the filtering mechanism of the type is mainly that when electromagnetic waves enter the aperture type frequency selection surface, electrons can be excited to move in a large range, so that the electrons absorb most of energy of the incident electromagnetic waves when moving, and induced current generated along the aperture is smaller, so that the transmission coefficient under the frequency is lower. As the frequency of the incident wave increases, the moving range of the electrons becomes smaller and the induced current generated along the aperture increases, so that the transmission coefficient increases. When the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave reaches a certain specific value, the electrons at the two sides of the aperture can drift back under the driving of the incident wave electric field, and a large induced current is formed around the aperture. Because electrons absorb a large amount of incident wave energy and emit energy outwards, the moving electrons pass through the radial transmission direction electric field of the hole, and at the moment, the reflection coefficient of the frequency selective surface unit array is very low, and the transmission coefficient is higher. When the frequency of the incident wave is continuously increased, the movement range of the electrons is further reduced, the current around the aperture is divided into a plurality of sections, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the electrons through the aperture slits are reduced, and the transmission coefficient of the frequency selective surface array is reduced. The array elements of the commonly used frequency selection surface are mainly divided into three basic types of a central connection shape unit, an annular unit and a plate-shaped unit, wherein the array formed by the annular unit is more compact than other types, and the change of the electromagnetic wave transmission characteristic of the array with the compact units along with the change of the incident angle is smaller, so that the annular unit is adopted in the invention.
The wave absorber structure adopts a square ring of a resistance film, and the square ring of the periodic structure resistance film can simultaneously have the resonance characteristic of a frequency selection surface and the stronger electromagnetic wave loss characteristic. The surface current of the square annular pattern is mainly concentrated on the ring arms on the left and right sides. Due to this current, charge accumulates between the cells. The positive and negative of charges between adjacent square rings are different, and a capacitor is generated; the surrounding magnetic field generated by the surface current is mainly distributed on the left arm and the right arm to form an inductor, the required size can be roughly calculated through an equivalent circuit, and then the required effect is obtained through optimization. The reflection coefficient of the resistive film wave absorber structure presents the characteristic of frequency doubling and zeroing, namely, the wave absorbing characteristic of the resistive film wave absorber structure has a transparent band which is not wave absorbing at a fixed frequency interval, and the frequency band of the transparent band can be adjusted through the distance between the resistive film and the frequency selection surface. According to the characteristic, the frequency selective surface with the same central frequency is loaded on the transparent band of the wave absorber, so that the effect of wave absorption in-band wave transmission/out-of-band wave absorption can be realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109921192A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | A frequency selection device for low frequency transmission and high frequency broadband absorption |
| CN110190407B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2021-03-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Broadband wave absorber based on resistive film and broadband wave absorber array |
| CN110504549B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2020-11-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Graphene-based absorption-permeability integrated frequency selective surface |
| CN110556632B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-01-19 | 华中科技大学 | A flexible resistive film-metal composite frequency selective surface, its preparation and application |
| CN110729532B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Dual-polarized absorbing/transmitting frequency selective structure based on absorbing silicone rubber |
| CN110635242B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-09-14 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Antenna device and electronic apparatus |
| CN110718766B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-07-13 | 武汉灵动时代智能技术股份有限公司 | Active frequency selective surface structure |
| CN111224242B (en) * | 2020-01-12 | 2020-12-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Integrated frequency selective surface with anisotropic wave-transmitting band |
| CN111655018A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-11 | 航天科工武汉磁电有限责任公司 | Anti-electromagnetic leakage transparent material based on single-layer conductive film |
| CN112020294B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-12-23 | 深圳市佳晨科技有限公司 | Ultra-wide spectrum wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112290225B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-04-15 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Large-angle broadband frequency selective surface |
| CN113782975B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-03-14 | 华中科技大学 | Wave-transparent dielectric plate-resistive film frequency selective surface composite wave-absorbing device |
| CN113871895B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-05-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Transparent wave absorber with groove type resonant layer and reticular floor |
| CN113964542A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 中国计量大学 | Square frame superposition double-gap circular structure terahertz transmission controller |
| CN114614266B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | X-band-pass absorption and penetration integrated frequency selective surface structure |
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