CN112731593B - All-fiber micro-fiber reflector and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
All-fiber micro-fiber reflector and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112731593B CN112731593B CN202110007865.0A CN202110007865A CN112731593B CN 112731593 B CN112731593 B CN 112731593B CN 202110007865 A CN202110007865 A CN 202110007865A CN 112731593 B CN112731593 B CN 112731593B
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber micro-fiber reflector and a preparation method thereof, wherein the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector comprises a fiber core and a cladding layer coated around the fiber core, and the fiber core comprises four regions: the device comprises a uniform optical fiber area, an optical fiber tapering area, a tip wire drawing area and a feedback optical coupling area; one side of the conical head of the optical fiber tapering region is connected with the uniform optical fiber region, one side of the conical tail of the optical fiber tapering region is connected with the feedback optical coupling region, and the feedback optical coupling region is connected with the tip wire drawing region; the tip wire drawing area is bent into a ring shape, and the tail end of the tip wire drawing area is adsorbed on the feedback light coupling area. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the tapered micro-fiber is subjected to looping coupling by utilizing the combined action of Van der Waals force and electrostatic force to realize the full-fiber micro-fiber reflector, and the reflectivity of the full-fiber micro-fiber reflector is measured to obtain 78% reflectivity. The reflectivity can be tunable by adjusting the length of the loop coupling. The all-fiber micro-fiber reflector has the characteristics of simple manufacture, high reflection efficiency, simple structure and small volume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical reflectors, in particular to an all-fiber micro-fiber reflector and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The optical reflector is widely applied to the field of optical fiber communication and sensing, has the function of reflecting light in a light path, can be used as a resonant cavity reflector, a Fabry-Perot cavity mirror and a Michelson interferometer reflection arm of a laser, and is an indispensable optical device for optical experiments.
At present, the optical fiber reflector adopts an optical fiber end face pasting reflection lens and an optical fiber end face coating film to realize the internal reflection of light in an optical path, the pasting reflection lens structure has the hidden troubles of glue filling or air gap belt and reflection lens displacement in the optical path, and the optical performance index and reliability of a device can be influenced, the optical fiber end face coating metal reflection film can be realized by various methods such as vacuum coating, the manufacturing cost of the method is higher, the operation is complex, in addition, the optical fiber reflector can be realized by a chemical coating method, the metal materials for realizing the optical reflection function mainly comprise silver, aluminum and the like, the two have the common characteristics, the cost is lower, the aluminum film has better reflectivity and stability, but the wear resistance is poor, and the reflectivity of the silver coating film in an ultraviolet band is obviously reduced.
Fiber reflectors are manufactured in all-fiber forms such as fiber bragg gratings and fiber ring mirrors in the market at present, in 2002, a broadband fiber bragg grating reflector is adopted to form a fiber fabry-perot interferometer sensor, and the fiber fabry-perot interferometer sensor modulates the reflectivity of an interferometer by repeatedly modulating a distributed feedback laser to generate chirp. Because the reflectivity of the reflector changes with the optical frequency, the sensor expands the dynamic range, but the preparation of the fiber grating requires an expensive laser and a phase mask plate. In 2003, zhang et al proposed a novel all-fiber variable optical attenuator based on a birefringent fiber ring mirror. By adjusting the angle between the fast and slow axes of the input and output planes of the birefringent fiber, the insertion loss can be reduced from 6 dB to 1.5 dB. The wavelength drift of the attenuator is linearly changed along with the deflection of the light beam, and the attenuator has good attenuation characteristics, but the optical fiber ring mirror is not suitable for applications needing to know the exact position of the reflector, such as the reflector application of a Fabry-Perot cavity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-fiber micro-fiber reflector, which comprises a fiber core and a cladding layer coated around the fiber core, wherein the fiber core comprises four areas, namely a uniform fiber area, a fiber tapering area, a tip wire drawing area and a feedback optical coupling area; one side of the cone head of the optical fiber tapering region is connected with the uniform optical fiber region, one side of the cone tail of the optical fiber tapering region is connected with the feedback optical coupling region, and the feedback optical coupling region is connected with the tip wire drawing region; the tip wire drawing area is bent into a ring shape, and the tail end of the tip wire drawing area is adsorbed on the feedback light coupling area.
One side of the conical head of the optical fiber tapering region is the side with the large diameter of the optical fiber tapering region, and one side of the conical tail of the optical fiber tapering region is the side with the small diameter of the optical fiber tapering region.
The working principle of the scheme is as follows: incident light is injected into the optical fiber tapering area through the uniform optical fiber area, and is guided into the tip fiber drawing area through the optical fiber tapering area, because the tip fiber drawing area is wound into a micro-ring shape and is adsorbed on the feedback optical coupling area, the incident light in the tip fiber drawing area is directly coupled to the feedback optical coupling area from the tail end of the tip fiber drawing area through the optical field coupling effect in the feedback optical coupling area, the light coupled to the feedback optical coupling area enters the optical fiber tapering area through one side of the cone tail of the optical fiber tapering area, and then enters the uniform optical fiber area through one side of the cone head of the optical fiber tapering area, so that the full-optical fiber micro-optical fiber reflection function is realized. The length of the coupling area of the feedback light is determined by the length of the optical fiber in the tip drawing area, the longer the optical fiber in the tip drawing area is, the longer the length of the feedback light coupling area can be realized, and the length L of the feedback light coupling area has important influence on the coupling size of the upper optical fiber and the lower optical fiber. The reflectivity of the optical fiber micro-mirror can be controlled by adjusting L. The feedback optical coupling area is formed as a result of van der Waals force and electrostatic force of the micro-fiber, so that the two sections of the fiber are adsorbed together.
The adsorption mode is the adsorption of the common acting force of van der Waals force and electrostatic force.
The feedback optical coupling area and the tail end of the tip wire drawing area are both D-shaped, and D-shaped optical fibers are contacted with the tail ends of the feedback optical coupling area and the tip wire drawing area.
Preferably, the uniform fiber region has a fiber diameter of 8 to 10 μm.
Preferably, the feedback optical coupling region is formed by a micro-fiber ring width and a feedback coupling region length.
A preparation method of an all-fiber micro-fiber reflector comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an optical fiber between a first moving platform and a second moving platform between a broadband light source and a spectrometer is close to an oxyhydrogen flame device, and optical fiber tapering is achieved by controlling the first moving platform and the second moving platform;
step two: the optical fiber is heated by the oxyhydrogen flame device to be in a molten state, and when the optical fiber is longitudinally pulled by the first moving platform and the second moving platform, the diameter of the optical fiber changes to form a conical structure;
step three: keeping the moving speed of the first moving platform and the second moving platform unchanged, and monotonically reducing the diameter of the optical fiber along with the movement of the moving platform;
step four: when the moving distance between the first moving platform and the second moving platform is fifteen points, seven millimeters and eight millimeters and the diameter of the optical fiber is one micrometer, continuously tapering the optical fiber, and breaking the optical fiber due to longitudinal tension to form a tip wire drawing area;
step five: and (3) adjusting the tip wire drawing area to form a ring shape of the drawn wire and adsorbing the ring shape to the other end of the optical fiber to form the micro reflector.
Preferably, in the second step, the hydrogen flow rate in the oxyhydrogen flame device is 110.1 SCCM, the oxygen flow rate is 8.0 SCCM, the left-right movement width of the flame is 1.5 mm, and the movement speed of the displacement platform is 0.09 mm/s.
Preferably, in the first step, the optical fiber is placed on the first moving platform and the second moving platform after the coating layer is removed, and the length of the tapered optical fiber is controlled by adjusting the first moving platform and the second moving platform.
Advantageous effects
The all-fiber micro-fiber reflector and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention realize the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector by utilizing the combined action of Van der Waals force and electrostatic force to carry out looping coupling on the tapered micro-fiber. The reflectance measurement was performed thereon, and the obtained film had a reflectance of 78%. The micro-fiber looping coupling reflector is simple to manufacture, high in reflection efficiency and the most simple in structure and smallest in volume.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for manufacturing an all-fiber microfiber mirror according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fiber structure after fiber tapering according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber microfiber mirror according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an all-fiber microfiber mirror ring structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for an all-fiber microfiber reflector according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an experimental spectrum of an all-fiber microfiber reflector according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a feedback optical coupling region;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a D-fiber contact.
Reference numerals
1-a fiber core, 2-a cladding, 3-a uniform fiber region, 4-a fiber tapering region, 5-a tip drawing region, 6-a feedback optical coupling region, 7-one side of a cone head of the fiber tapering region, 8-one side of a cone tail of the fiber tapering region, 9-a first moving platform, 10-a second moving platform, 11-an oxyhydrogen flame device and 12-an optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-4, an all-fiber microfiber reflector includes a fiber core 1 and a cladding 2 surrounding the fiber core, where the fiber core 1 includes four regions, which are a uniform fiber region 3, a fiber taper region 4, a tip drawing region 5 and a feedback optical coupling region 6; one side 7 of the cone head of the optical fiber tapering region is connected with the uniform optical fiber region, one side 8 of the cone tail of the optical fiber tapering region is connected with the feedback optical coupling region, and the feedback optical coupling region is connected with the tip wire drawing region; the tip wire drawing area is bent into a ring shape, and the tail end of the tip wire drawing area is adsorbed on the feedback light coupling area.
Preferably, the uniform fiber region 3 has a fiber diameter of 8-10 μm.
Preferably, the feedback coupling region 6 is formed by the micro fiber loop width and the feedback coupling region length.
A preparation method of an all-fiber micro-fiber reflector comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an optical fiber 12 between a first moving platform 9 and a second moving platform 10 between a broadband light source and a spectrometer is close to an oxyhydrogen flame device 11, and optical fiber tapering is achieved by controlling the first moving platform 9 and the second moving platform 10;
step two: the optical fiber 12 is heated by the oxyhydrogen flame device 11 to be in a molten state, and when the optical fiber 12 is longitudinally pulled by the first moving platform 9 and the second moving platform 10, the diameter of the optical fiber 12 is changed to be in a conical structure;
step three: keeping the moving speed of the first moving platform 9 and the second moving platform 10 unchanged, and the diameter of the optical fiber is monotonically reduced along with the movement of the moving platforms;
step four: when the moving distance between the first moving platform 9 and the second moving platform 10 is fifteen points, seven millimeters and eight millimeters and the diameter of the optical fiber 12 is one micrometer, continuously tapering the optical fiber 12, and breaking the optical fiber 12 due to longitudinal tension to form a tip drawing area;
step five: and (3) adjusting the tip wire drawing area to form a ring shape of the drawn wire and adsorbing the ring shape to the other end of the optical fiber to form the micro reflector.
Preferably, in the second step, the hydrogen flow in the oxyhydrogen flame device 11 is 110.1 SCCM, the oxygen flow is 8.0 SCCM, the left-right moving width of the flame is 1.5 mm, and the moving speed of the displacement platform is 0.09 mm/s.
Preferably, in the first step, the optical fiber 12 is uncoated and then is fixed on the first moving platform 9 and the second moving platform 10, and the fiber tapering length is controlled by adjusting the first moving platform 9 and the second moving platform 10.
As shown in figure 1, the taper experiment is carried out based on an oxyhydrogen flame taper method, a single-mode optical fiber is placed on a mobile platform for fixing after a coating layer is removed, and the length of the optical fiber taper is controlled by adjusting the mobile platform. Hydrogen flow rate was set at 110.1 SCCM (SCCM, i.e., when gas pressure was 1 Pa, temperature was 25 Pa) o Flow of 1 mL/min at C), oxygen flow of 8.0 SCCM, left-right movement width of flame of 1.5 mm, and movement speed of displacement platform of 0.09 mm/s.
In the tapering process of the micro optical fiber, the flame temperature is controlled by controlling the flow of hydrogen and oxygen. And (3) enabling the single-mode optical fiber to be close to flame, and realizing optical fiber tapering by controlling the mobile platform. The optical fiber is heated by flame and is in a molten state, and when the optical fiber is longitudinally pulled by the moving platform, the diameter of the optical fiber is changed to form a conical structure. The fiber diameter also monotonically decreases with the movement of the translation stage, keeping the moving speed of the translation stage constant. When the moving distance of the displacement platform is 15.78 mm, the diameter of the optical fiber is about 1 μm, the optical fiber is continuously tapered, and the optical fiber is broken due to the longitudinal tension. When the optical fiber is broken by the longitudinal tapering, the tip of the optical fiber is not directly broken but is gradually broken in a filament shape because the optical fiber is always heated by flame.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of optical fiber structure partition after an optical fiber is tapered by oxyhydrogen flame, the diameter of the optical fiber is not changed and kept at 8-10 μm in the portion which is not heated by flame in the tapering process, namely, the optical fiber area is uniform, the portion which is heated by flame of the optical fiber is subjected to longitudinal tension of a displacement platform, and the diameter of the optical fiber is reduced all the time, namely, the optical fiber tapering area. The fiber is continuously tapered and the fiber tip remains in the drawn state until it is broken, this region being the tip drawing zone. The micro reflector shown in figure 3 is formed by adjusting the tip drawing area, forming the drawing into a ring shape and adsorbing the ring shape to the other end of the optical fiber, wherein the size of the whole micro reflector is mainly determined by the length of the tip drawing area, and the tip drawing area is heated to taper under the condition of uniform tension in the tapering process of the optical fiber, so the diameter of the drawn optical fiber is uniform, and the diameter of the drawn optical fiber in the experiment is 1 mu m.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber microfiber mirror ring, where the length of a fiber drawing region determines a mirror microring width D and a feedback optical coupling region length L, the width D of the microring is less than 2 mm, when incident light enters the mirror microring along a tapered fiber, the light is transmitted counterclockwise along the microring, and when the light is transmitted to the feedback optical coupling region, the light enters the tapered region from the microring coupling, forming a feedback optical path, and implementing a light reflection function. The length L of the feedback coupling region and the width D of the micro-ring determine the size of light coupled into the tapered region, that is, the size of the optical power entering the tapered fiber region, that is, the size of the reflectivity can be adjusted by adjusting the length L of the feedback coupling region and the width D of the micro-ring.
The theory of the microring mirror, as shown in fig. 4, can also be explained by the fact that when light in the fundamental mode passes through the tapered structure, it is coupled into both the cladding and the core, and the light coupled into the core is still the fundamental mode, but the light coupled into the cladding is excited into higher order modes. Because of the difference in transmission effective refractive index between the modes, multimode interference occurs when higher order modes are coupled back into the core. The structure can excite more light into a high-order mode, successfully reflect light waves, and cause larger light loss.
In the experimental device for the all-fiber microfiber reflector shown in fig. 5, a Spectrum Analyzer (Optical Spectrum Analyzer, OSA) monitors the reflection Spectrum of the all-fiber microfiber reflector in real time, a broadband light source and a spectrometer are respectively connected with the 1 port and the 3 ports of a circulator, an output fiber of the 2 ports is welded with one end of the all-fiber microfiber reflector, and the measurement range of the broadband light source is 1530 nm to 1565 nm. When light of the broadband light source passes through the micro-reflector, the light is fed back by the micro-reflector and then enters the spectrometer for real-time detection. The reflectivity of the micro-reflector can be obtained by recording the power of the broadband light source when the micro-reflector is not accessed and then comparing the light power reflected by the micro-reflector.
As shown in fig. 6, the micro optical fiber ring has a width D =1 mm, a length L =0.5 mm of the feedback coupling region, in which a solid line represents a transmission spectrum of the broadband light source when the micro mirror is not connected, and a dotted line represents a transmission spectrum after the micro mirror is connected. As shown in the figure, the transmission spectrum takes 1550 nm waveband as an example, the transmission spectrum is changed from-27.48 dB which is not accessed to the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector to-35.144 dB which is accessed to the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector, the net reflectivity of the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector is about 78%, the reflection spectrum of the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector is consistent with the reflection spectrum curve shape of the initial broadband light source, and the all-fiber micro-fiber reflector has no wavelength selection characteristic and has good broad spectrum reflection performance.
The optical fiber micro-reflector structure is characterized in that light coupling occurs in a feedback light coupling area L, as shown in fig. 4, incident light is coupled to a lower optical fiber from an upper optical fiber through a coupling area after being bent by a micro-ring, so that light feedback is realized, the length of the coupling area of the feedback light is determined by the length of the optical fiber in a tip wire drawing area, the longer the optical fiber in the tip wire drawing area is, the longer the length of the feedback light coupling area can be realized, and the length L of the feedback light coupling area has an important influence on the coupling size of the upper optical fiber and the lower optical fiber. The reflectivity of the optical fiber micro-mirror can be controlled by adjusting L. The feedback optical coupling area is formed as a result of van der Waals force and electrostatic force of the micro-optical fiber, so that the two optical fibers are adsorbed together. The cylindrical shape of the optical fiber makes the adsorption capacity of the two sections of optical fibers weaker, as shown in fig. 7, the length of the feedback optical coupling region changes due to vibration and the like, and the overall reflectivity of the device is affected.
The structure of the D-type fiber coupling contact, that is, two sections of fibers in the feedback optical coupling region are in contact with each other by the D-type fiber, as shown in fig. 8, the feedback optical coupling region has the following structure compared with the cylindrical fiber in the D-type fiber contact:
1. because the two optical fibers are in surface contact, the left and right ranges of the electrostatic force and the van der waals force are larger, the adsorption capacity is stronger, and the structure is more stable.
2. The two optical fibers are in contact with each other through the D-shaped optical fiber, and compared with the cylindrical optical fiber, the distance between the two optical fibers is shorter, so that light can be more easily coupled from the upper optical fiber to the lower optical fiber.
In order to improve the reflectivity of the reflector, the end face of the tail end of the tip wire drawing area is plated with a reflecting film, and the plating medium can be metal or special material so as to improve the light reflection characteristic of the end face. When the light passes through the feedback light coupling region, part of the light is coupled to the lower-side optical fiber to realize reflection, and part of the light continues to be transmitted. When light passes through the upper side light end face, the optical fiber end face is coated with a film so that the part of light is fed back, and the part of light passes through the feedback light coupling area again to realize the coupling of the upper side light field and the lower side light field, so that the light reflectivity is increased. And similarly, the reflection of the uppermost D-shaped optical fiber coated optical fiber ring can be realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the content of the present invention within the scope of the protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an all-fiber microfiber speculum, includes fibre core (1) and cladding (2) around it, its characterized in that: the fiber core (1) sequentially comprises four areas, namely a uniform optical fiber area (3), an optical fiber tapering area (4), a tip wire drawing area (5) and a feedback optical coupling area (6), wherein one side of the conical head of the optical fiber tapering area is connected with the uniform optical fiber area, one side of the conical tail of the optical fiber tapering area is connected with the feedback optical coupling area, and the feedback optical coupling area is connected with the tip wire drawing area; the tip wire drawing area is bent into a ring shape, and the tail end of the tip wire drawing area is adsorbed on the feedback light coupling area;
incident light is injected into the optical fiber tapering region through the uniform optical fiber region, is guided into the tip wire drawing region through the optical fiber tapering region, the incident light in the tip wire drawing region is coupled to the feedback light coupling region from the tail end of the tip wire drawing region through the optical field coupling effect, the light coupled to the feedback light coupling region enters the optical fiber tapering region through one side of the cone tail of the optical fiber tapering region, and then enters the uniform optical fiber region through one side of the cone head of the optical fiber tapering region;
the length of the feedback optical coupling area is adjusted to control the reflectivity of the fiber micro-mirror.
2. The all-fiber microfiber mirror of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the optical fiber of the uniform optical fiber area (3) is 8-10 microns.
3. The all-fiber microfiber mirror of claim 1, wherein: the feedback optical coupling area (6) is formed by the width of a micro optical fiber ring and the length of the feedback coupling area.
4. The all-fiber microfiber mirror of claim 1, wherein: the back light coupling area and the tail end of the tip drawing area are both D-shaped, and D-shaped optical fibers are contacted with the tail ends of the back light coupling area and the tip drawing area.
5. The all-fiber microfiber mirror of claim 1, wherein: and a reflecting film is arranged on the end face of the tail end of the tip wire drawing area.
6. A preparation method of an all-fiber micro-fiber reflector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an optical fiber (12) between a first moving platform (9) and a second moving platform (10) between a broadband light source and a spectrometer is close to an oxyhydrogen flame device (11), and optical fiber tapering is achieved by controlling the first moving platform (9) and the second moving platform (10);
step two: the optical fiber (12) is heated by the oxyhydrogen flame device (11) to be in a molten state, and when the optical fiber is longitudinally pulled by the first moving platform (9) and the second moving platform (10), the diameter of the optical fiber (12) is changed to form a conical structure;
step three: keeping the moving speed of the first moving platform (9) and the second moving platform (10) unchanged, and the diameter of the optical fiber is monotonically reduced along with the movement of the moving platforms;
step four: when the moving distance between the first moving platform (9) and the second moving platform (10) is fifteen points, seven millimeters and eight millimeters and the diameter of the optical fiber (12) is one micrometer, continuously tapering the optical fiber (12), wherein the optical fiber (12) is broken to form a tip drawing area due to longitudinal tension;
step five: and (3) adjusting the tip wire drawing area to form a ring shape of the drawn wire and adsorbing the ring shape to the other end of the optical fiber to form the micro reflector.
7. The method for preparing an all-fiber microfiber mirror according to claim 6, wherein: in the second step, the hydrogen flow in the oxyhydrogen flame device (11) is 110.1 SCCM, the oxygen flow is 8.0 SCCM, the left-right moving width of the flame is 1.5 mm, and the moving speed of the displacement platform is 0.09 mm/s.
8. The method for preparing an all-fiber microfiber mirror according to claim 6, wherein: in the first step, the optical fiber (12) is placed on the first moving platform (9) and the second moving platform (10) for fixing after the coating layer is removed, and the length of the optical fiber tapering is controlled by adjusting the first moving platform (9) and the second moving platform (10).
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