CN102621099B - Micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor and a preparation method thereof. The sensor comprises a broadband light source, a micro-nano fiber ring and a spectrum analyzer, wherein the micro-nano fiber ring comprises a birefringent micro-nano fiber coupling area and a birefringent micro-nano fiber ring. Light emitted by the broadband light source enters the micro-nano fiber ring, the formed light propagated in two opposite directions generates polarized phase difference by the aid of the birefringent micro-nano fiber ring and is combined by the birefringent micro-nano fiber coupling area to form polarized interference light, and finally, the light is detected and outputted by the spectrum analyzer. Two ends of a birefringent micro-nano fiber are mutually crossed or close to each other side by side to form the micro-nano fiber ring. The micro-nano fiber ring comprising the birefringent micro-nano fiber coupling area and the birefringent micro-nano fiber ring which are formed by the birefringent micro-nano fiber is used for sensing, and the micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor is adjustable in structure, high in sensing sensitivity and fine in temperature stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optic fibre refractive index sensor design field, particularly a kind of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The same with electron device, microminiaturized, integrated is also the inexorable trend of photonic device development.Realization is significant to controlling for building ultra-compact micro-nano photonic device and highly dense integrated optical circuit of light signal at wavelength or sub-wavelength yardstick.Micro-nano fiber is as a kind of typical micro-nano optical waveguide, there is the simple advantage of preparation, and diameter uniformity coefficient and surface flatness that it is good, can be used for low-loss optically transmission, and show the good characteristics such as strong laser field constraint, evanescent wave transmission and large waveguide dispersion in visible and near-infrared optical transmission.Just be applied to fast novel optical fiber sensor research at present, there is vast potential for future development.
Optic fibre refractive index sensor, is widely used in the fields such as environmental monitoring, food security, pharmaceutical developments, clinical examination because of good characteristics such as its low-loss, resistance to chemical attack, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI).High sensitivity optical fiber index sensor has attracted people's research interest, the characteristic of utilizing the evanscent field effect that micro-nano fiber is large and being easy to be coupled, many implementation methods have been carried out, comprising micro-nano fiber ring resonator, micro-nano fiber coupling mechanism, micro-nano fiber Bragg grating and micro-nano fiber long-period gratings etc.Yet the sensing sensitivity of these methods and temperature stability are still subject to great limitation at present, document " Fei Xu for example, Peter Horak, and Gilberto Brambilla.Optical microfiber coil resonator refractometric sensor.Optics Express, 2007, 15:7888-7893. " in theoretical method to obtain sensitivity be 700nm/RIU (unit refractive index), " Yang Ran, Yan-Nan Tan, Li-Peng Sun, Shuai Gao, Jie Li, LongJin, and Bai-Ou Guan.193nm excimer laser inscribed Bragg gratings in microfibersfor refratctive index sensing.Optics Express, 2011, 19:18577-18583. " utilize 193nm excimer laser on micro-nano fiber, to inscribe Bragg grating making index sensor, this method manufacture craft is more complicated, actual measurement sensitivity is only 165nm/RIU.For another example the sensitivity that document " Haifeng Xuan; Wei Jin; andMin Zhang.CO2 laser induced long period gratings in optical microfibers.OpticsExpress 2009; 17:21882-21890. " is measured reaches 1900nm/RIU, temperature susceplibility is-130pm/ ℃, and method for making has been introduced the surface damage of optical fiber, structure lacking toughness.
Therefore, study and a kind ofly not only there is high sensitivity, and temperature stability optic fibre refractive index sensor strong, compact conformation becomes a valuable problem.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is that the shortcoming that overcomes prior art is with not enough, a kind of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor is provided, this sensor utilization has birefringence and effect of dispersion and the material behavior of the micro-nano fiber uniqueness of birefringent characteristic, obtains the hypersensitivity that is beyond one's reach in prior art, fabulous temperature stability and structural compactness.
Another object of the present invention is to, a kind of preparation method of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor is provided, enable to realize higher refractive index sensing sensitivity with small and exquisite structure, and can get rid of temperature cross-sensitivity, can realize the micro-variable high-precision sensing of environment refractive index to external world and measure.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme: a kind of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor, comprise connected successively wideband light source, micro-nano fiber ring and spectroanalysis instrument, wideband light source, spectroanalysis instrument are all connected with micro-nano fiber ring by standard fiber; Described micro-nano fiber ring is reversed or is folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, and described micro-nano fiber two ends are close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone mutually, the part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring that middle part is not close; Described micro-nano fiber two ends and the standard fiber welding with birefringent characteristic.In the present invention, the light that wideband light source sends is after standard fiber enters birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone, the rotation of generation polarization state, and in birefringence micro-nano fiber ring, form the light beam that two reverse directions are propagated, it is poor that this two-beam produces polarization phase after through birefringence micro-nano fiber ring, after closing ripple, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone forms polarization interference spectrum, finally by spectroanalysis instrument, detect output, change the birefringence micro-nano fiber ring refractive index of test substance around, calculate the wavelength shift of interference spectrum, and then the variation of inferring test substance refractive index.
Preferably, the micro-nano fiber that has a birefringent characteristic described in is specifically: the optical fiber that covering is had to a Double Symmetry structure of rectangle or class rectangle carries out fused biconical taper processing and obtains, and draws the longest edge size of micro-nano fiber xsect after cone not higher than 10 μ m.Or panda optic fibre is carried out to fused biconical taper processing and obtain, draw micro-nano fiber diameter of section size after cone not higher than 10 μ m.
Preferably, described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone is twisted-pair feeder or parallel construction.By the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, reversing the ，Ze Qi coupling fiber district forming is twisted pair construction, and the ，Ze Qi coupling fiber district being folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic is parallel construction.
Preferably, described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone length is adjustable.Therefore can change as required the spectral characteristic of sensor.
Preferably, described birefringence micro-nano fiber ring size is adjustable.Therefore can change as required the spectral characteristic of sensor.
Further, the diameter of described birefringence micro-nano fiber ring is 1mm-10cm.
Preferably, described in there is birefringent characteristic micro-nano fiber comprise fiber core and the fibre cladding that described fiber core is surrounded, wherein fiber core refractive index is higher than fibre cladding refractive index.
The present invention gives a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor, comprises the following steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber respectively welding;
(2) micro-nano fiber both ends step (1) Suo Shu are intersected mutually or close side by side, form a ring, intersect or close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed or close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone forms micro-nano fiber ring together with birefringence micro-nano fiber ring; ,
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that step (2) obtains connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively by the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby forms micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
Preferably, in described step (2), micro-sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic step (1) Suo Shu are intersected mutually, then will be individually fixed on spinner with the good standard fiber of its two ends welding, regulate the position of spinner to make cross section be an angle that is less than 90 degree, rotating Vortex spinner, from point of crossing, the later micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is just reversed and is formed twisted pair construction so, reverse crossover sites form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
Further, when described standard fiber is fixed on spinner, regulate the position of spinner to make cross section be 45 degree.
Preferably, in described step (2), micro-sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: by the micro-nano fiber doubling with birefringent characteristic step (1) Suo Shu, make both ends mutually close, by van der waals force, electrostatic force and twisting resistance, in mutually close part, form the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone of parallel construction, at not close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
Preferably, in described step (2), micro-nano fiber is coiled into a ring, and the position of ring is the waist homogeneity range with the micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic.
In use, micro-nano fiber ring is placed in to test substance, because the variations in refractive index of material causes that the interference spectrogram of device drifts about, thereby measures the variation that its wavelength shift can be found out material refractive index.Micro-nano fiber ring is placed in and in resistance furnace, measures its temperature characterisitic, because the thermal expansion of material causes that birefringence changes, interfere spectrogram to drift about, thereby measure the temperature stabilization characteristic that its wavelength shift variation with temperature is learnt this sensor.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect in the present invention:
1, the present invention proposes a kind of temperature-insensitive, the highly sensitive micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor of refractive index, adopt the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic of Double Symmetry structure, utilize its unique birefringence dispersion characteristic and material behavior, realized supersensitive refractive index sensing, the present invention has broken through the restriction of existing scheme to sensitivity, its sensitivity can reach 24373nm/RIU or more than.
2, the present invention compares with traditional optical index sensor, have volume little, lightweight, can be compatible with fibre system, can remote monitoring etc. advantage.
3, the present invention compares with other optical-fiber type index sensor, have size less, simple in structure, be convenient to the advantages such as integrated, reaction velocity is fast.
4, the present invention compares with existing micro-nano fiber type refractive index sensing technology, have higher sensitivity, and temperature stability is good, and its temperature stability can be better than 0.005nm/ ℃, has effectively avoided temperature cross sensitivity.
5, the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone in the present invention possesses flexible adjustability, can change the spectral characteristic of sensor.
6, the birefringence micro-nano fiber ring size in the present invention possesses adjustability, can change the spectral characteristic of sensor.
7, the present invention possesses the potential quality for wave filter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1 while carrying out refractometry;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1 while carrying out temperature survey;
Fig. 4 is measurement data and the theoretical curves that application sensor of the present invention carries out refraction index solution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor, comprises connected successively wideband light source 1, micro-nano fiber ring and spectroanalysis instrument 4, and wideband light source 1, spectroanalysis instrument 4 are all connected with micro-nano fiber ring by standard fiber 10.In the present embodiment, described micro-nano fiber ring is turned round and is folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, described micro-nano fiber two ends are close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 mutually, the part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring 3 that middle part is not close; Described micro-nano fiber two ends and standard fiber 10 weldings with birefringent characteristic.In the present invention, the light that wideband light source 1 sends is after standard fiber 10 enters birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2, the rotation of generation polarization state, and in birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3, form the light beam that two reverse directions are propagated, it is poor that this two-beam produces polarization phase after through birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3, after closing ripple, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 forms polarization interference spectrum, finally by spectroanalysis instrument 4, detect output, change birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 refractive index of test substance around, calculate the wavelength shift of interference spectrum, and then the variation of inferring test substance refractive index.
The described micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is specifically: the optical fiber that covering is had to a Double Symmetry structure of rectangle or class rectangle carries out fused biconical taper processing and obtains, drawing after cone is 1.05～5.0 through the longest edge at cross section of optic fibre center and the lenth ratio of minor face, draw the longest edge size of the rear micro-nano fiber xsect of cone not higher than 10 μ m, stock size can be 10nm～5 μ m.
In the present embodiment, described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 is to be folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, so its coupling fiber district is parallel construction.
Described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 length are adjustable.Therefore can change as required the spectral characteristic of sensor.
Described birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 sizes are adjustable.Therefore can change as required the spectral characteristic of sensor.The diameter of described birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 is 1mm-10cm.
The described micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic comprises fiber core and the fibre cladding that described fiber core is surrounded, and wherein fiber core refractive index is higher than fibre cladding refractive index.
The present embodiment gives a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor, comprises the following steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber respectively welding;
(2) by the micro-nano fiber doubling with birefringent characteristic step (1) Suo Shu, make both ends mutually close, form a ring, by van der waals force, electrostatic force and twisting resistance, in mutually close part, form the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone of parallel construction, at not close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone forms micro-nano fiber ring together with birefringence micro-nano fiber ring;
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that step (2) obtains connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively by the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby forms micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
In described step (2), micro-nano fiber is coiled into a ring, and the position of ring is the waist homogeneity range with the micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic.
Principle of the present invention is: due to the birefringence effect that has of micro-nano fiber, two polarization states transmitting light wave in birefringence micro-nano fiber ring produce optical path difference, after ripple is closed in birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone, form polarization interference spectrum.
In above-mentioned fiber loop mirror, the phase differential Φ of the two-way light causing due to birefringence effect, is expressed as: Φ=(2 π/λ) BL.Wherein, λ is optical wavelength, B=n
i-n
jmicro-nano fiber birefringence, n
i, n
jbe respectively the effective refractive index of two polarization modes of waveguide, L is the length of micro-nano fiber ring.In theory, for without loss of generality, in the input and output field of coupled zone, can be expressed as E
3x, y=k
1x, ye
1x, y+ k
2x, ye
2x, yand E
4x, y=k
2x, ye
1x, y+ k
1x, ye
2x, y, k wherein
1x, yand k
2x, ybe the coupling coefficient of coupled zone x and y polarization state, export so energy P '
2x, yexpression be:
P wherein
1x, yfor input energy.Thereby transmission spectrum T=P '
2x, y/ P
1x, ycan be by parameter k
1x, y, k
2x, y, θ and phase difference show.The relation of spectrum and the external refractive index can be expressed as:
When carrying out refractometry, as shown in Figure 2, micro-nano fiber ring is placed in to test substance 7, micro-nano fiber ring encapsulates by fibre-optic package device 5, then test substance is carried out to heating water bath, 6 represent water, because the variations in refractive index of material causes that the interference spectrogram of device drifts about, thereby measure the variation that its wavelength shift can be found out material refractive index.
When carrying out temperature survey, as shown in Figure 3, micro-nano fiber ring is placed in to resistance furnace 8, micro-nano fiber ring encapsulates by fibre-optic package device 9, resistance furnace generates heat according to requirement of experiment, because the thermal expansion of material causes birefringence, change, interfere spectrogram to drift about, thereby measure the temperature stabilization characteristic that its wavelength shift variation with temperature is learnt this sensor.
Fig. 4 represents that experiment measuring obtains wavelength corresponding to the wave trough position of outgoing spectrum and the relation of refractive index, and the relation between solution temperature to be measured and refractive index.In this example, micro-nano fiber ring is placed in the middle of alcoholic solution, by adjusting temperature to change the refractive index of solution, in Fig. 4, circle represents example measurement data points, and solid line represents numerical fitting curve, and visible measured value can be consistent with theoretical value well; In measurement, wavelength, along with refractive index increases and increases, is refractive index 1.357 left and right near alcoholic solution, and the sensitivity that experiment obtains is 24373nm/RIU.Again micro-nano fiber ring is placed in to resistance furnace, changes temperature, demarcate its temperature stability, the temperature control that test obtains is 0.005nm/ ℃.
The present embodiment except following characteristics other structures with embodiment 1: described in there is birefringent characteristic micro-nano fiber specifically: panda optic fibre is carried out to fused biconical taper processing and obtains, draw micro-nano fiber diameter of section size after cone not higher than 10 μ m.Described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 is twisted pair construction.Because it is to be reversed and formed by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, so its coupling fiber district is twisted pair construction.Concrete preparation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber respectively welding;
(2) the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic step (1) Suo Shu are intersected mutually, then will be individually fixed on spinner with the good standard fiber of its two ends welding, regulate the position of spinner to make cross section be an angle that is less than 90 degree, then rotating Vortex spinner, from point of crossing, later birefringence micro-nano fiber is just reversed and is formed twisted pair construction so, reverse crossover sites form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring;
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that step (2) obtains connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively by the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby forms micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
For reaching good effect, in the present embodiment, when described standard fiber is fixed on spinner, regulate the position of spinner to make cross section be 45 degree.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor, is characterized in that, comprises connected successively wideband light source, micro-nano fiber ring and spectroanalysis instrument, and wideband light source, spectroanalysis instrument are all connected with micro-nano fiber ring by standard fiber; Described micro-nano fiber ring is reversed or is folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, and described micro-nano fiber two ends are close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone mutually, the part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring that middle part is not close; Described micro-nano fiber two ends and the standard fiber welding with birefringent characteristic.
2. micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic comprises fiber core and the fibre cladding that described fiber core is surrounded, and wherein fiber core refractive index is higher than fibre cladding refractive index.
3. micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is: the optical fiber that covering is had to a Double Symmetry structure of rectangle or class rectangle carries out fused biconical taper processing and obtains, and draws the longest edge size of micro-nano fiber xsect after cone not higher than 10 μ m; Or panda optic fibre is carried out to fused biconical taper processing and obtain, draw micro-nano fiber diameter of section size after cone not higher than 10 μ m.
4. micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone is twisted-pair feeder or parallel construction.
5. micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone length is adjustable; Described birefringence micro-nano fiber ring size is adjustable, and diameter is 1mm-10cm.
6. a preparation method for micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber respectively welding;
(2) micro-nano fiber both ends step (1) Suo Shu are intersected mutually or close side by side, form a ring, intersect or close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed or close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone forms micro-nano fiber ring together with birefringence micro-nano fiber ring;
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that step (2) obtains connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively by the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby forms micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
7. the preparation method of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), micro-sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic step (1) Suo Shu are intersected mutually, then will be individually fixed on spinner with the good standard fiber of its two ends welding, regulate the position of spinner to make cross section be an angle that is less than 90 degree, rotating Vortex spinner, from point of crossing, the later micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is just reversed and is formed twisted pair construction so, reverse crossover sites form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
8. the preparation method of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 7, is characterized in that, when described standard fiber is fixed on spinner, regulates the position of spinner to make cross section be 45 degree.
9. the preparation method of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), micro-sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: by the micro-nano fiber doubling with birefringent characteristic step (1) Suo Shu, make both ends mutually close, by van der waals force, electrostatic force and twisting resistance, in mutually close part, form the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone of parallel construction, at not close part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
10. the preparation method of micro-nano optical fiber refractive index sensor according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described step (2), micro-nano fiber is coiled into a ring, and the position of ring is the waist homogeneity range with the micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic.
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| CN103698048A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-02 | 中国计量学院 | Simple high-sensitivity optical-fiber temperature sensor |
| CN104034696B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江大学 | A kind of nano optical fibers index sensor with high sensitivity and wide-measuring range |
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| CN104655590A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-27 | 天津大学 | All-fiber refractive index and temperature sensor and measuring method |
| CN106770041B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2019-09-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of liquid refractivity tester and detection method based on interferometry |
| CN109141673A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-01-04 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of Sagnac circumstance temperature degree, refractive index biparameter sensor based on micro-nano fiber grating |
| CN108827189B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2024-05-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Torsion sensor based on reflection type micro-nano fiber coupler |
| CN110864742B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-11-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | All-fiber temperature and salt depth sensor based on micro-nano fiber coupler interferometer |
| CN112731593B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-10-04 | 南通大学 | All-fiber micro-fiber reflector and preparation method thereof |
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